How did Hitler turn the Chancellorship into a dictatorship by 1934?

Treaty of Versailles

Black Tuesday 1929- stock market crashes

Great Depressionduring 1930s

Increasing influence of new political parties that emphasize

state control-For example: Communism,

Nazism, Fascism

Total Controlof State by a

Dictator

January 1933

The depression after the Wall Street Crash made many more people vote for the Nazis. In 1933 Von Papen convinced Hindenburg that Hitler should become Chancellor.

February 1933

February 1933

The Reichstag building burnt down. A communist was found inside the building. He admitted responsibility. Chancellor Hitler was able to convince people that the Communists were trying to take power by terrorism. He was able to have the Communists banned from the Reichstag.

March 1933HITLER CANRULE ALONEFOR FOUR

YEARS. THEREIS NO NEED TOCONSULT THEREICHSTAG.

With the Communists banned from the Reichstag Hitler was able to pass:

THE ENABLING ACT GAVE HITLER THE POWER TO MAKE HIS OWN LAWS. SO, HE BANNED ALL OTHER POLITICAL PARTIES!

THE ENABLING ACT GAVE HITLER THE POWER TO MAKE HIS OWN LAWS. SO, HE BANNED ALL OTHER POLITICAL PARTIES!

SPD- Social Democrats

KPD- Communists

DDP- German Democratic

Zentrum- German Centre Party (Catholic)

June 1934

Now I have got rid of opposition political groups, I can now deal with opposition in my party. Ernst Rohm (an old friend), head of the S.A. is very unpopular with the German army leaders. They have the power to overthrow me.I’ve been worried about Rohm for a while, so this is a good excuse.

The Night of the Long Knives

♦ Hitler had to get rid of Rohm. He was too much of a threat.

♦ On the night of 30th June 1934 Hitler’s S.S. killed over 1000 SA members including Rohm.

♦ The army were pleased.

♦ Hitler had gained the support of the army.

August 1934

A final note

PRESIDENT HINDENBURG’SDEATH GAVE HITLER THEOPPORTUNITY TO COMBINETHE ROLE OF CHANCELLORAND PRESIDENT. HE CALLEDHIMSELF ‘DER FUHRER’.

Every soldier swore a personal oath of loyalty to ADOLF HITLER.

HITLERBECAMECHANCELLOR

THE REICHSTAGFIRE

THEENABLING

ACT

THE NIGHTOF THELONG

KNIVES

DEATH OFPRESIDENT

HINDENBURG

OATH OFLOYALTY

TOHITLER

• GESTAPOGESTAPO:: the Secret State Police the Secret State Police • SSSS (Schutzstaffel):(Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard unit Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard unit formed out of the SAformed out of the SA

• SASA (Sturmabteilung): (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political partiesarmy that protected leaders and opposed rival political parties

• LebensraumLebensraum (living space): (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into eastexpansion of Germany into east

• WehrmachtWehrmacht: : German armyGerman army

• HJHJ (Hitler Jugend): (Hitler Jugend): Hitler YouthHitler Youth

• EinstazgruppenEinstazgruppen: : Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing unitsNazi Death Squad; mobile killing units

• Volk:Volk: all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of VolksgemeinschaftVolksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and programs)programs)

This Nazi propaganda poster reads, ‘Behind the enemy powers: the Jew.

“The Eternal Jew”Depiction of a Jew holding gold coins in one hand and a whip in the other. Under his arm is a map of the world, with the imprint of the hammer and sickle. Posters l ike this promoted a sharp rise in anti-Semit ic feelings, and in some cases violence against the Jewish community.