RISE OF VIETNAMESE NATIONALISM IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY

And the war with the French

VS

Rise of Vietnam nationalismEpisodes IV: A Vietnamese hope

A nation Divided• Vietnamese patriots with different ideologies struggled to liberalize the country.• The policy of raising intellectual standards included Phan Chu Trinh and the Dong

Kinh Nghia Thuc Group.• Nguyen Ai Quoc founded Vietnam's Communist Party in 1930. From this point,

Communist were the primary leaders of the national liberation movement.• Protestors were killed by the French guillotines that had previously been made

outlawed, showed the discriminatory treatment of Vietnamese's people

Nationalist party leader Nguyễn Thái Họckilled by the French

Beginning of defiance• A desire for independence simmered under the surface. Seething

nationalist aspirations often erupted into open defiance of the French. • The imperial court in Hué, although quite corrupt, was a center of

nationalist sentiment• The french played musical chairs suffering the government and emperors

to suit their need.• most successful of the anticolonialists were the communists, who were

able to tune into the frustrations and aspirations of the population – especially the peasants – and effectively channel their demands for fairer land distribution.

Quoc Ngu• AKA the Vietnamese alphabet • 1898 a decree of the colonial government

prohibited publication without permission• In 1917 the moderate reformist journalist

Pham Quynh began publishing in Hanoi the quoc ngu journal Nam Phong, which addressed the problem of adopting modern Western values

Hardships Under French Rule in Vietnam

Episode V: The French strikes back

Taxes without Representation • taxation system created great inequalities of

wealth. The traditional village system broke down. • forced labour to inhumane condition on rubber, tea

and coffee plantations• The French built 83 prisons but only one university.

A public education system was established in 1908 as a vehicle to disseminate Western culture in Vietnam. It influenced but did not destroy Vietnamese culture.

Mistreatment?

• Out of the 45, 000 indentured workers at one Michelin rubber plantation, 12, 000 died of disease and malnutrition between 1917 and 1944.

• French colonial government taxed the peasants heavily to fund the ambitious public works projects, devastating the rural economy

World War 1

• France sought to maximize the use of Indochina's natural resources and manpower to fight the war while it cracked down on all patriotic mass movements in Vietnam.

• Provided France with 50,000 soldiers and 49,000 workers, who were forcibly drafted from the villages to serve on the French battlefront.

• Over 100,000 Vietnamese fought under the French flag in Europe in World War II

Vietnamese Resistance During the French Colonial Period

Star Wars: Episode VI - Return Of The Vietnamese Guerrillas

The Beginning of the end

• Lacking a unified nationwide organization, the Vietnamese national movement, though still vigorous, failed to take advantage of the difficulties France was experiencing

• different organizations, armed themselves with rudimentary weapons, and sought to bring soldiers from the local militia over to their side. On January 6, 1919, 150 armed patriots attacked the garrison at Phu Tho.

The Prize of tonkin

• Again in Tonkin, on August 31, 1917, soldiers of the Thai Nguyen garrison held a mutiny under the leadership of Sergeant Trinh Van Can

• Joined by many soldiers, the insurgents killed the French commander, seized a large load of arms and munitions, and liberated many political prisoners who then joined the ranks of the combatants

• On September 4, the French retook the town, forcing the insurgents to leave

Annam

• In Annam, the most important event was the call for an uprising made by King Duy Tan, who was enthroned in 1907, at the age of seven, by the instigation of patriotic mandarins and scholars.

• The signal for the start of the revolt should have been given on May 3, 1916. Unfortunately, the secret was leaked and the French disarmed the soldiers before the day of their departure.

Cochinchina

• In Cochinchina, patriotic activity manifested itself in the early years of the century by the creation of underground societies. The most important of which was the Thien Dia Hoi (Heaven and Earth Association)

• In 1916, underground societies in Cochinchina tried to attack several administrative centers, including the central prison in Saigon

The French Goverment

• The colonial administration, while harshly suppressing the national movement, sought to appease the elite by introducing a few paltry reforms

• France succeeded in holding on to Vietnam during the war years was mainly due to the weakness of the national movemen