Rise of Nations Preview: A nation-state is a country: Have a strong government
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Transcript of Rise of Nations Preview: A nation-state is a country: Have a strong government
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Rise of NationsRise of NationsPreview:
–A nation-statenation-state is a country:•Have a strong government •Have political boundaries •Are made up of people with a common language & culture
–How does this differ from How does this differ from what we have studied during what we have studied during the Middle Ages?the Middle Ages?
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Middle Ages
Decline of Feudalism and the Rise of Nations in
England & France
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Rise of NationsAfter decline of Rome, Western
Europe fell under rule of many different groups of people
Fighting occurred almost constantly among these groups
Feudalism emerged as a form of government that offered protection
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Rise of NationsExcept for Charlemagne, kings had
very little power because their lands & power was transferred to the nobles
BUT, in 1100s European monarchs (kings) began to build strong nation-states
Nation-stateNation-state is group of people under 1 government, with definite territorial borders, common culture & language
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Strong MonarchiesEngland & France were Europe’s
1st nation-statesThe role of the monarchy (king)
grew stronger in England & France in the 1300s
The growth of nations led to the beginning of NationalismNationalism (loyalty to a nation-state rather than feudal lord)
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EnglandAfter the collapse of the Roman
Empire, England was dominated by 2 Germanic tribes: Angles & Saxons; groups combined in 866 & kingdom became known as England (“Angleland”)
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EnglandNorman InvasionNorman Invasion—William, Duke
of Normandy invaded England in 1066 & became a very powerful king of England (became known as William the Conqueror)
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EnglandWilliam’s grandson, Henry II, set
up system of common lawcommon law—using judges & courts to make sure law is obeyed–Grand JuriesGrand Juries—
examined crimes –Petit JuriesPetit Juries—decided
guilt or innocence of suspects
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EnglandHenry II’s son, John, was weak &
unpopular king who upset feudal lords; forced him to sign Magna CartaMagna Carta in 1215
–1st document to limit the power of a king (king could not collect taxes without approval of a Great CouncilGreat Council of nobles)
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EnglandAs middle class began to grow, they
wanted representation in Great Council; 1295, king allowed middle class to join—became known as ParliamentParliament
–Parliament limited king by advising him on government decisions
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Stronger Monarchies—War of the RosesIn 1455, England had a civil war as 2
royal families claimed the throne: Lancaster (red rose) & York (white)
Henry Tudor was related to both families & ended the civil war—Henry was then named king
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Stronger Monarchies—War of the Roses
Effects: Effects:
–Many nobles died or fled during war, which strengthened monarchy & further reduced feudalism
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FranceKEY IDEAKEY IDEA: Instead of creating
a nation-state with strong king then limiting power of king like England, France creates a nation-state with strong king who got stronger
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FranceAfter Charlemagne died, Frankish
kings were very weak; nobles in France ruled as if there was no king
In 987 Hugh CapetHugh Capet took French throne from a weak king; strengthened French monarchy
–Freed peasants from feudal lords; people became loyal to king not lords
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FranceCreated Estates-GeneralEstates-General—group
of nobles, church members, peasants to help raise taxes–But, Estates-General never
became as powerful in France as Parliament was in England…so…
–The French king grew more powerful than the English king (who was limited by Parliament)
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First Estate—Clergy (Priests)First Estate—Clergy (Priests)
Second Estate—NoblesSecond Estate—Nobles
Third Estate—CommonersThird Estate—Commoners
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Complete Complete Strengthening MonarchiesStrengthening Monarchies Use the following word bank to complete
the sentences provided:
–Hugh CapetHugh Capet
–ParliamentParliament
–CrusadesCrusades
–WilliamWilliam
–War of the RosesWar of the Roses
–100 Years War100 Years War
–LimitedLimited
–Magna CartaMagna Carta
–Black DeathBlack Death
–MonarchMonarch
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Middle Ages:Rise of Spain as a Nation
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SpainThe Islamic Empire controlled
most of Spain since 750BUT, Christians began to retake
Spain around time of Crusades (quest known as Reconquista)
By late 1400s, the ReconquistaReconquista was successful; Spain was ruled by exclusively by Christian kings
But Spain was divided into feudal territories—it was not unified
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Islamic Islamic (Muslim) (Muslim) TerritoryTerritory
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Islamic Islamic TerritoryTerritory
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Spain
Spain was united when Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469
Began Spanish InquisitionSpanish Inquisition—used trials, torture, imprisonment to rid Spain of all Jews & Muslims (“one king, one law, one faith”)
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Middle Ages:Rise of Russia
as a Nation
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Byzantines Influence SlavsSlavs—nomads migrated from Europe
to Asia; warred with Byzantines Because of contact, Slavs began to
convert to Christianity & adopted many Byzantine customs–Cyril developed alphabet so they
could read Bible—Cyrillic AlphabetCyrillic Alphabet–Russian king was impressed with
Hagia Sophia, developed Russia like Constantinople, not Rome
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SLAVSSLAVS
BYZANTINESBYZANTINES
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RussiaDuring 1200s, the Mongols
invaded & ruled over all of Russia (& Asia and China, too!)
But, in 1480 Ivan III refused to pay the Mongols tributetribute (taxes) & broke Russia free from Mongol control
Ivan III became czarczar (Slavic word for king) & made Moscow capital of new empire
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RussiaUnder Ivan IV, the power of feudal
lords was weakened & Russia conquered more land from Mongols; Ivan IV married Anastasia Anastasia RomanovRomanov (Romanov family will be important later!!)
But, Ivan IV ruled by terror, murdered thousands of Russians, even his own son (Was Ivan IV insane?)
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The Rise of Nations Review
For each new nation-state, use the textbox to identify the significant event(s) that led to the rise of a powerful king