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Rio+20. Special Side Event on the OceanOne Planet, One OceanKnowing our Ocean: Marine Biodiversity
Patricia MiloslavichUniversidad Simón Bolívar
Census of Marine Life
I. Status of our knowledge on ocean biodiversity, gaps, and potential for discovery
Ocean life is extremely diverse, connected, and under severe
pressure from human activities
First baseline: Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS)+32 million records, +1000 datasets, +100,000 marine species
Global hotspots of biodiversity and connectivity
Source: NatGeo/CoML Ocean Life Map 2010
Knowledge, centralized in OBIS contributes to the establishment of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) for the CBD
Areas of high biodiversity
Areas of special importance for the life history of a species (migrations)
Areas of significant naturalness
Areas of uniqueness or rarity
I. DIVERSITY
II. CONNECTIVITY
Total known diversity: 250.000 marine speciesRepresents 10% of the total
Average/region (25 regions): ~10,000 species
Range:4000 (Baltic) to 33,000 (Australia, Japan)
Endemicity:High in the South: Australia, South America, South Africa, New Zealand, Antarctic
Microbes:38,000 types in 1 L seawater90% of ocean biomass
50%
The Unknown Ocean: A sliceRed = many records, dark blue none
The vast midwaters,Earth’s largesthabitat by volume,mostly unexplored(~95%)
Source: CoML OBISWebb, O’Dor, Vanden Berghe
An altered ocean: changes in composition and abundance (90% declines in some groups)
2007
1950s
1980s
McClenachen (2009) Cons. Biol.
II. Scientific challenges
To advance discovery and expand marine biodiversity knowledge to support healthy and sustainable ecosystems.
-integrated global view-fill knowledge gaps / answer questions -effectively manage and sustain ocean ecosystems
Integration of three themes:
(1)Biodiversity Discovery in Time and Space
(2)Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services and Functions
(3)Biodiversity and Human Exploitation
II. Scientific challenges
Biodiversity Discovery in Time and Space-improve baseline knowledge and capacity building (e.g. identification tools / barcoding)-understand how do species diversity, distribution, and abundance vary in relation to space and temporally varying environments
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services and Functions-understand relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and services and how these might be modified by global climate change and other drivers
Biodiversity and Human Exploitation-to elucidate what is needed to achieve sustainability in terms of management and recovery strategies and how do these differ for different species and ecosystems
III. Role of the IOC in advancing marine biodiversity knowledge
1. Support and promote global and local initiatives addressing key data, knowledge, and science capacity gaps: IOC support to OBIS is crucial!
2. Associate with key global scientific projects aimed to build baselines, understand the role of biodiversity, and promote sustainability under the pressures of a changing ocean.
3. Support and facilitate of an international network of scientists and other stakeholders working to provide science and scientifically based solutions to problems related to ocean health and variations in ocean goods and services.
Thank you Merci Gracias Obrigado…
Image credit: Galatee Films / OCEAN