Rio Olympic Legacy: Missed Opportunities

Rio Olympic Legacy

Roberto RoccoChair of Spatial Planning and Strategy, TU Delft

Missed opportunities

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Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Context in which Olympics will happen


Rapid Economic Growth (6th economy GDP nominal in 2012)

Source: http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Olympic%20Charter/Charter_en_2010.pdf

Economic growth


World stage ambitions

Brazil is seeking for a new role as regional leader, it wants permanent membership in the UN Security Council and could use more (positive) international visibility


Elections are fair but there are relatively high rates of corruption

Shady common interests between public and private sectors (but with growing control of civil society)

Functioning democracy

Brazilian President Dilma Roussef. Source: http://www.el-nacional.com/noticia/18316/11/Canciller-brasileo-prepara-en-Cuba-primera-visita-de-Rousseff-a-la-isla.html Photo distributed by Reuters. Author unknown.Wednesday, 9May, 2012

High urbanization rate (+ 88%)

(Time for urban reform, made possible by progressive 1988 constitution)

Stable urbanization


The local contextThanks to devolution of powers included in the Constitution of 1988, the city of Rio de Janeiro has the upper hand in planning and financing the upcoming Olympic games.The city needs to make partnerships with the State of Rio and the Brazilian Federal government, as well as the private


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Paysandu

Tacuarembo

Ciudad Bol ivar

Matur in

PuertoAyacucho

San Cr istobal

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Brazil

Argentina

Uruguay

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Bolivia

Peru

Chile

Ecuador

Colombia

VenezuelaGuiana

SurinameFrench Guiana

> than 10 million inh. (megalopolis)

> than 5 million inh. (continental metropolis)

> than 3 million inh. (metropolis)

> than 1 million inh. (big city)

So Paulo > than 18 million inh.

Bogota

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Recife

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Buenos Aires Montevideo

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Belo Horizont

Rio de Janeir

So PauloCuritiba

Buenos Aires Montevideo

Florianopolis

Porto Alegre

Vitoria

Santos

Campinas

Joinville

Cordoba

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Asuncion

> than 10 million inh. (megalopolis)

> than 5 million inh. (continental metropolis)

> than 3 million inh. (metropolis)

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The 6th largest metropolitan area in the Americas by population

0

5,500,000

11,000,000

16,500,000

22,000,000

Population in 2007, various sourcesMexico City Sao Paulo New York Buenos Aires Los Angeles Rio

115291941287479713074000

1906979619889559

21404435

Mexico City Sao Paulo New York Buenos Aires Los Angeles Rio


03,250,000

6,500,000

9,750,000

13,000,000

City Metropolitan

12,387,000

6323037

A vast and disconnected metropolitan area

Source: http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/Wednesday, 9May, 2012

A rich and scenic geography


A diverse population

0%

1%

Afro-Brazilians12%

Multiracial37%

Whites51%

Whites Multiracial Afro-Brazilians East Asians Native Americans

Ethnic composition in 2010 (IBGE Census)

Source: http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/Wednesday, 9May, 2012

HDI compared (2011)

City of Rio= 0,842 (high) comparable to Cyprus (0.840 in 2011)

This is higher than Portugal and lower than the UK


A services and creativity oriented economy

Rio is the 30th richest city in world by GDP

130

137.5

145

152.5

160

$ billion in 2005

San Diego 29th Rio 30th Barcelona 31th

http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.htmlWednesday, 9May, 2012

7 Planning Urgencies


Human Development Index by borough in the city of Rio de Janeiro (2000)

How to bridge the social=spatial divide that characterises the city?

Source: Instituto Pereira Passos, http://portalgeo.rio.rj.gov.brWednesday, 9May, 2012

How to deal with informal urbanisation whil

e respecting citizens

right to the city? 14.4% of the city (6% o

f Brazilians)

www.flickr.com/photos/andreasnilsson1976

70% of inhabitants of favelas are Afro-Brazilians or multiracialWednesday, 9May, 2012

How to harmonise environmental preservation with social needs?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/exfordy/Wednesday, 9May, 2012

http://www.flickr.com/photos/liaralis/

How to connect and develop its vast periphera

l areas, home to

more than 6 million people?


How to regenerate its historical core and disused port areas in face of a savage unregulated real estate market?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/yidnamuWednesday, 9May, 2012

http://www.flickr.com/photos/dhani_b/

How to improve and extend the citys public transportation network while keeping transport affordable?


How to consolidate the citys image as a prim

e international holiday

destination, a centre of culture and business

and of large events, like

the Olympics?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/exfordy/Wednesday, 9May, 2012

This begs the question

Do the current Olympics plans help Rio solve (some of) its planning urgencies?


The role of the International Olympic Committee

14. To promote a positive legacy from the Olympic Games to the host cities and host countries

Source: http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Olympic%20Charter/Charter_en_2010.pdfWednesday, 9May, 2012

Examples of positive legacy

Mobility upgradeVenues reuseUrban regeneration projectsEnvironmental preservation

Originally elaborated by Isabela Ledo, TU Delft, 2012Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Examples of positive legacy

http://www.asia-insider-photos.com/famous-places-in-china.html

Displacement of low income inhabitantsReduction of investment in local needsIncrease in rents and land prices

Examples of negative legacy

Gentrification of neighbourhoodsUnder use of Olympic infrastructureExpensive maintenance of Olympic facilities without social gainsIncrease of public debt


Urban and Environmental Legacy Plan Special Urban legacy committee of the Planning Department of the city of Rio de Janeiro

A set of proposal for urban and environmental development aims to:

Protect the environment

Promote social inclusion

Attract investment

Improve urban mobility, accessibility and distribution of public services

http://www2.rio.rj.gov.br/smu/paginas/planolegado_urbano_ambiental.aspWednesday, 9May, 2012

Urban Legacy Plan + City Master Plan : Convergences

Accommodation / Housing

Urban transportation

Sanitation + environment

City appreciation + branding


Desenvolvimento urbano com proteo ambiental, incluso social, atrao de investimentos,emelhoriadaqualidade de vidadapopulao.

Integrao das reas ao norte e ao sul dos macios da cidadeFortalecimentodasligaes leste-oesteEixos estruturais de trans porte coincidentescomvetoresdecrescimentoAbertura de reas para produo dehabitao de interesse socialaolongodoseixosdetransporteDespoluio de praias e lagoasProteodopatrimnio natural Proteo do patrimnio cultural comaproveitamentoparahabitaoSaneamento ambiental nas reas densamente ocupadas e em vias de ocupaoModernizao do suporte s atividadesporturias

Plano MacroSntese do Plano MacroPlano Macro Sntese do Plano Macro

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PREFEITURA DA CIDADE DO RIO DE JANEIROSecretaria Municipal de Urbanismo - SMUFonte:CoordenadoriaGeraldePlanejamentoUrbano

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Olimpadas Rio 2016

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Maracana

Tijuca

TeodoroInternational Airport


Maracana Stadium Complex


Copacabana -Ipanema


DeodoroWednesday, 9May, 2012

Old Port


Barra da TijucaWednesday, 9May, 2012

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2. Equipamentos Sociais

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PAC/ Favela-bairro/Pro-moradia/Morar carioca

New alternativesNew social housing


Housing deficit Rio de Janeiro housing deficit in 2009: 136.345 dwellings

Number of rooms to be constructed for the Olympic family until 2016: c. 12.000 two room apartments (8.8% of the housing deficit in 2009)

http://lawinbrazil.blogs.wvu.edu/2008_blog_home/2008/8/8/a-sobering-day-for-exhausted-students

0

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75,000

112,500

150,000

2007Housing Deficit Apartments for Olympics

Housing DeficitApartments for Olympics


The main site at Jacarepagua/Tijuca

Favela Autodromo

Autodromo de Jacarepagua

HSBC Arena

Rio Centro Sports and Exhibition centre

Rock in Rio site

Sarah Kubistchek Hospital

Favela

Sports Arena

Source: http://concursoparqueolimpicorio2016.iabrj.org.br/Wednesday, 9May, 2012

AECOM is also responsible for London 2012 Olympic Park Master Plan


Vila Autodromo in Barra da Tijuca, source: http://colunas.radioglobo.globoradio.globo.com/platb/blog-do-amarelinho-rj/2011/10/19/moradores-resistem-a-desocupacao-da-favela-vila-autodromo-em-jacarepagua/


Newspaper clippings. Text from O Globo, Luciana Calazans, September 18, 2012 available at: http://ademi.webtexto.com.br/article.php3?id_article=33653


Aerial View of Barra da Tijuca. Photo by Didac Freund (creative commons)Wednesday, 9May, 2012

Watch a film on Olympic locations

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtZqu4qDzok


Any conclusions?

Do the current Olympics plans help Rio solve (some of) its planning urgencies?


Yes, but....

The exclusive location is very far from the centre and north of the city and will not help attract attention to the areas that need regeneration and development the most (Old centre, old port, northern zone).

Raising property values (some expect in more than 50%, in some cases 100%) of the area will benefit developers and construction companies enormously, but benefits to users is doubtful. High values will make any attempt to build social housing in the area almost impossible. It will reinforce the fracture between the southern and northern areas of the city

The housing projects are infinitely beyond what the city needs, but the Olympics helps bring attention to housing problems in Rio


The lack of integration between Federal government, State and Municipality is reflected in the lack of integration of large infra-structural projects and the choice of locations

The main gains are in public transportation and city branding, although an opportunity is missed to invest in alternative transportation modes, including subway, light rail and trams.


One of the biggest lost opportunities refers to the redevelopment of Rios old port, the water front close to the historic city centre, where the proximity of the airport and the future rapid train terminal could animate the area, and bring prosperity and valuation to a larger and more crucial area of the city.


Thanks for listening! Any questions?Prepared by Roberto Rocco, chair ofSpatial Planning and Strategy,

TU Delft. [email protected]

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Rio Olympic Legacy: Missed Opportunities

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