RIICRC206A

RIICRC206A INSTALL PRE-CAST

CONCRETE CRASH BARRIERS LEARNER GUIDE

Module One Plan And Prepare For Work

RIICRC206A INSTALL PRE-CAST CONCRETE CRASH BARRIERS Module One Plan And Prepare For Work

Page 2

THE CUNNING FAMILY TRUST AND THE PEACHEY FAMILY TRUST TRADING AS SAFE WORK RESOURCES PTY LTD ABN 90 785 129 255 (SAFE WORK RESOURCES)

The information, software, products, and services included in or available through the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products may include inaccuracies, operational or typographical errors. Changes are periodically added to the information herein. Safe Work Resources and/or its associated companies/businesses may make improvements and/or changes in the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products at any time. Advice received via the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products is of a general nature and should not be relied upon for personal, medical, legal or financial decisions and you should consult an appropriate professional for specific advice tailored to your situation. Safe Work Resources and/or its associated companies/businesses make no representations about the suitability, reliability, availability, timeliness, and accuracy of the information, software, products, services and related graphics contained on the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products for any purpose. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, all such information, software, products, services and related graphics are provided "as is" without guarantee, warranty or condition of any kind. Safe Work Resources and/or its associated companies/businesses hereby, to the maximum of extent permitted by applicable law, disclaim all guarantees, warranties and conditions with regard to this information, software, products, services and related graphics, including all implied warranties or conditions of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title and non-infringement and to the extend guarantees, warranties and conditions are implied and cannot be excluded, Safe Work Resources limits its liability at Safe Work Resources option to the: replacement of the goods or the supply of equivalent goods; repair of the goods or payment of the cost of having the goods repaired; payment of the cost of replacing the goods or of acquiring equivalent goods; or resupplying the services or the costs of resupplying the services. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, in no event shall Safe Work Resources and/or its associated companies/businesses be liable for any direct, indirect, punitive, incidental, special, consequential losses or damages or any damages whatsoever including, without limitation, damages for injury or death, loss of use, data, profits, revenue, production, opportunity, goodwill or any similar loss whether or not in your reasonable contemplation, arising out of or in any way connected with the use or performance of the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products with the delay or inability to use the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products or related services, the provision of or failure to provide services, or for any information, software, products, services and related graphics obtained through the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products or otherwise arising out of the use of the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products whether based on contract, tort, negligence, strict liability or otherwise, even if Safe Work Resources or any of its associated companies/businesses has been advised of the possibility of damages. Because some states/jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages, the above limitation may not apply to you. If you are dissatisfied with any portion of the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products or related services or with any of these terms of use, your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue using the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products or related services. Your use of the Safe Work Resources information, software, products & services is governed by the laws of the state of Victoria and you hereby agree to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of or in Victoria and courts of appeal therefrom.


Page 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Review Log ..................................................................................................................................... 4!Module Basis .................................................................................................................................. 4!1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 5!1.2 Compliance Documentation ................................................................................................... 6!1.2.1 Types Of Compliance Documentation ................................................................................................... 6!

1.2.1.1 Project Quality Requirements ........................................................................................................ 8!1.2.2 Interpreting And Applying Information ................................................................................................... 9!1.2.3 Workplace Communication ................................................................................................................. 10!

1.2.3.1 Civil Construction Terminology .................................................................................................... 12!1.3 Safety Requirements ............................................................................................................. 13!1.3.1 Occupational Health & Safety/Work Health & Safety (OHS/WHS) Legislation ................................... 14!

1.3.1.1 Harmonisation Of Work Health & Safety Legislation ................................................................... 14!1.3.1.2 Duty Of Care ................................................................................................................................ 16!1.3.1.3 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and Safe Handling Methods ............................................. 17!

1.3.2 Site And Equipment Safety Requirements .......................................................................................... 18!1.3.2.1 Personal Protective Equipment ................................................................................................... 19!1.3.2.2 Tools And Equipment .................................................................................................................. 21!1.3.2.3 Safety Documentation ................................................................................................................. 21!1.3.2.4 Safe Operating Procedures ......................................................................................................... 24!1.3.2.5 Emergency Procedures ............................................................................................................... 26!

1.3.3 Risk Management ............................................................................................................................... 29!1.3.3.1 Consultation And Communicating With Others ........................................................................... 30!1.3.3.2 Risk/Hazard Identification ............................................................................................................ 30!1.3.3.3 Risk/Hazard Assessment ............................................................................................................ 32!1.3.3.4 Risk/Hazard Treatment ................................................................................................................ 34!1.3.3.5 Monitoring And Review ................................................................................................................ 36!1.3.3.6 Reporting And Record Keeping ................................................................................................... 36!

Appendix 1A Work Health & Safety Common Terms And Definitions ................................. 37!Appendix 1B Safe Work Method Statement ........................................................................... 38!


Page 4

REVIEW LOG

Version Number Date Updated Details of Updates Version 4H Released July, 2013

MODULE BASIS This module is based on the unit of competency RIICRC206A Install Pre-Cast Concrete Crash Barriers: Element 1 Plan and prepare. 1.1 Access, interpret and apply compliance documentation relevant to the work activity.

1.3 Obtain and confirm safety requirements from the site safety plan and organisational policies and procedures, and apply to the allotted task.


Page 5

1.1 INTRODUCTION

This course is based on the unit of competency RIICRC206A: Install Pre-Cast Concrete Crash Barriers. We will be looking at the installation of pre-cast concrete crash barriers in the civil construction industry, including:

Planning and preparing for work.

Erecting concrete crash barriers.

Cleaning up the work area.

Licensing, legislative, regulatory and certification requirements that apply to this unit can vary between states, territories, and industry sectors. Relevant information must be sourced prior to application of the unit.


Page 6

1.2 COMPLIANCE DOCUMENTATION

Compliance documentation is the name given to the documents that require you to undertake tasks in a particular way or to meet a given standard. Every worksite will have specific requirements, which will be outlined during your initial induction.

Documentation is essential to all aspects of every worksite. From safety plans and environmental protection requirements through to workplace procedures and policies, documentation outlines what to do, when to do it and how it is to be done. Staff should be notified of any changes to compliance documentation during toolbox meetings, staff newsletters or other established forms of communication used on the site.

1.2.1 TYPES OF COMPLIANCE DOCUMENTATION

Compliance documentation will detail every step in the process of installing pre-cast concrete crash barriers. Some examples of compliance documentation include:

Legislative and regulatory requirements, e.g. Occupational Health & Safety/Work Health & Safety (OHS/WHS) requirements, equal employment opportunity, disability discrimination. These requirements are standard across every industry within all Australian states or territories.


Page 7

Australian Standards, e.g. AS/NZS 3845: 1999 Road Safety Barrier Systems.

Organisational policies and procedures, e.g.

Workplace relations, sick leave requirements. An organisational policy or procedure is standard across the entire organisation regardless of where you are working.

Training records, e.g. your own training record or

licensing requirements.

Work instructions, such as work plans, procedures or

job specifications. Operational details and quality requirements will also include work instructions and directions.

Site-specific policies and procedures e.g. emergency

procedures, evacuation procedures. These policies and procedures have been developed to meet the specific hazards, risks or environmental considerations of the site you are working on.

Manufacturers guidelines and specifications, e.g. pre-start checklists, service requirements, plant and equipment operation manuals.

Vehicle specifications, e.g. operating limitations and

capabilities, safe working limits.


Page 8

1.2.1.1 PROJECT QUALITY REQUIREMENTS

All civil construction tasks and activities must meet project quality requirements. These are based on project plans and specifications as well as client expectations. Project quality requirements will detail exactly what you are expected to achieve and the standards you are expected to reach.

They may include factors such as:

It is essential that these quality requirements are known, understood and adhered to in all activities and tasks, including crash barrier instillation. To apply the requirements, you need to follow instructions and procedures exactly. If any adjustments need to be made to the stated requirements, you must discuss them with both your supervisor and the project design engineer.


Page 9

1.2.2 INTERPRETING AND APPLYING INFORMATION Being able to access, interpret and apply the requirements of the documents is part of any job on a civil construction worksite. During your site induction you will be told how to access the documentation relevant to your site and duties. It is essential that you are able to read and accurately interpret your workplace policies and procedures so that you can work efficiently and safely, meeting organisational and client expectations.

Take the time to read through all the relevant documentation. Make notes about any points you arent clear about and then clarify them later. Read or listen to all instructions and follow them carefully. Check the wording of any labels, codes or markings.

When interpreting documents it is vital that you understand the difference between words such as should, consider and must.

If you have any difficulties interpreting and/or applying requirements or you dont understand something, speak to your supervisor or team leader. It is always better to ask than to go ahead and possibly disrupt operations and/or cause a safety issue.


Page 10

1.2.3 WORKPLACE COMMUNICATION

On all worksites, good communication is essential to ensuring the safety of personnel/workers and site visitors. Effective communication means that everyone knows what they are required to do, where and when they need to do it, and how they need to do it correctly and safely. It also ensures that all personnel/workers are aware of any problems or risks that may arise on the site and the controls measures that apply.

Workplace communication may involve procedures such as:

Site meetings.

Toolbox meetings.

Team briefings.

Notice boards.

Policies, procedures and manuals.

Safe Work Method Statements.

The communications equipment you might need to use could include:

Two-way radios.

Mobile phones.

Landline phones.

Computers (e.g. for email, internet, intranet).

Fax machines.


Page 11

Signage, hand signals and other non-verbal methods may also be used in some situations, particularly noisy environments. Always use all communications equipment appropriately, following the required procedures and protocols. These requirements will be found in the site documentation and the operators manual for each item.

Remember that for effective communication to take place, both the speaker and listener need to be properly engaged. You need to make sure that the listener understands what you mean and can make the appropriate response (e.g. answer your question) or take the required action (follow an instruction or direction).

Sometimes talking alone may not be enough to communicate your message clearly and you might come across communication barriers in your workplace. These barriers could include:

Using the wrong words.

Using jargon, slang or unfamiliar terminology.

Being dismissive or condescending.

Having a non-English speaking background.


Page 12

1.2.3.1 CIVIL CONSTRUCTION TERMINOLOGY The civil construction industry has language standards or terminology that can vary between states, locations or worksites. Individual tasks and activities on a worksite may have a set of terms or phrases with specific meanings. Tools and equipment may be known by various names, and jargon or local slang words could also be used occasionally.

It is essential that you are familiar with the terminology used on your site and for specific tasks. If you arent sure about the meaning of a particular term, phrase or word you should seek further clarification at team meetings or speak directly with your supervisor. This is important when you are getting your work instructions, carrying out your tasks or operating in any situation where communication is taking place.


Page 13

1.3 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS Every worksite must meet safety requirements for the state or territory where the site is located. A worksite could include any vertical or horizontal structure intended for construction. Some safety requirements are site-specific, i.e. they may relate to factors specific to the worksite such as weather, ground and environmental conditions. You will be advised of these before you start work. The requirements you need to obtain and confirm will be outlined in the site safety plan and organisational policies and procedures.

Some of these requirements could include:

Legislation and regulations, e.g. Occupational Health & Safety/Work Health & Safety (OHS/WHS), environmental protection, material safety data sheets.

Organisational requirements, e.g. policies and

procedures, safe work method statements/job safety analyses, safe operating procedures.

Site requirements, e.g. project plans, safety plans, environmental management plans.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

Tools, plant and equipment.

Safe Operating Procedures (SOPs).


Page 14

1.3.1 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY/WORK HEALTH & SAFETY (OHS/WHS) LEGISLATION

State or territory legislation and regulations include Occupational Health & Safety/Work Health & Safety (OHS/WHS) requirements that will affect the way all operations are conducted on a worksite. All requirements for site and equipment safety, including confined space entry, excavation/trench work, materials handling and all other work activities, are based on OHS/WHS legislation. The aim of the legislation is to ensure the safety of everyone working on or visiting the site.

1.3.1.1 HARMONISATION OF WORK HEALTH & SAFETY LEGISLATION In response to industry calls for greater national consistency, the Commonwealth, states and territories have agreed to implement nationally harmonised Work Health & Safety (WHS) legislation to commence on 1 January 2012. While not all states and territories have actually implemented the model WHS legislation as of the start of 2012, it is important to be aware of these changes, as all states and territories will eventually implement them. Harmonisation aims to develop consistent, reasonable and effective safety standards and protections for all Australian workers through uniform WHS laws, regulations and codes of practice.


Page 15

Key Elements Of The Work Health & Safety Legislation The following key elements of the WHS legislation will impact the way you do your job, and the responsibilities of your workplace:

The legislation also outlines requirements for:

The reporting requirements for notifiable incidents.

Licences, permits and registrations (e.g. for persons engaged in high risk work or users of certain plant or substances).

Provision for worker consultation, participation and

representation at the workplace.

Provision for the resolution of health and safety issues.

Protection against discrimination.

Many specific details relating to WHS will be negotiated within the workplace in accordance with the legislation. It is important that you speak with your Health and Safety Representative or supervisor for more information on how these elements will effect your day-to-day operations, or if you have any concerns relating to health and safety. A list of common WHS terms and their definitions can be found in Appendix 1A.


Page 16

1.3.1.2 DUTY OF CARE Everyone on a worksite has a legal responsibility under Duty of Care to do everything reasonably practicable to protect others from harm. This is done by complying with safe work practices, including activities that require licences, tickets or certificates of competency or any other relevant state and territory OHS/WHS requirements.


Page 17

1.3.1.3 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS) AND SAFE HANDLING METHODS You will find further information that may relate to your work by checking Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and applying materials handling methods. These will detail:

Any risks and hazards associated with handling chemicals or other materials.

Any special procedures and safe handling

methods required.

Risk controls.

Emergency procedures.

Hazardous material containers will usually have a placard or label attached showing the category of material, codes for handling issues and a contact number for expert advice. Safe material handling could include using effective manual handling techniques such as:

Avoiding over-bending your back.

Using approved manual handling equipment such as trolleys where they are available.

Using team lifts of heavy objects.

Bending with your knees not your back. Safety plans and site-specific documentation may include all or some of the above information, but normally you will find it in the project and work instructions.


Page 18

1.3.2 SITE AND EQUIPMENT SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

All workers and visitors on a construction site must observe site and equipment safety requirements and procedures. These are outlined in the site safety plan and generally follow OHS/WHS guidelines. Site and equipment safety requirements and procedures cover such things as:

Selecting and using PPE and clothing required for various tasks or the entire site.

Selecting and using tools, plant and equipment.

Management of hazards and risks.

Safety documentation including Safe Work Method Statements, reporting and lines of authority.

Safe operating procedures, including safe

parking practices.

Emergency procedures, including the use of fire-fighting equipment and First Aid equipment.

Anything that is faulty or looks like it could create a hazard must be reported at once to your supervisor, team leader or OHS/WHS officer.


Page 19

1.3.2.1 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is the equipment you must wear or use to protect yourself. Every worksite will have PPE requirements. For construction worksites these pieces of equipment will need to be worn from the time you enter the site, for example, high-visibility clothing and steel-capped boots.

Other pieces of PPE would need to be worn only when specific activities are undertaken. For example, hearing protection need only be worn when conducting high noise activities. Signs are usually placed in the workplace to indicate which specific item of PPE is needed.

Common PPE includes:

Clothing high-visibility, protective, full body clothing, safety vests.

Head hard hats, sun hats.

Hearing ear muffs, ear plugs.

Face face shield, respiratory protection, dust mask.

Hands and eyes gloves and goggles.

Safety harnesses, seat belts.


Page 20

PPE must be maintained in good condition and replaced if it becomes damaged or defective. PPE is the last line of defence for protecting you from workplace hazards and risks but will only be effective if it is worn correctly and is adjusted to fit the individual.


Page 21

1.3.2.2 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

When working on a site, you will be using a variety of equipment and tools. Knowing how to use these safely is essential to keep you and those around you from harm. Read all documentation that applies to the tools and equipment you are using.

Also make sure you are familiar with the common problems associated with the equipment or tools and the management of these problems. Speaking with team members or team leaders who have used the equipment before will help you identify any potential issues or problems. Use your PPE and the safety procedures for the site.

1.3.2.3 SAFETY DOCUMENTATION Common tasks and activities that relate to installing signs will have predetermined safety documents. These include Safe Work Method Statements.


Page 22

Safe Work Method Statements A Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS), also known as a Safe Work Procedure (SWP) or Job Safety Analysis (JSA), details how specific hazards and risks involved with installing pre-cast concrete crash barriers and other related tasks will be managed. It is developed by the employer/PCBU for their employees/workers or by a sub-contractor.

SWMS fulfil a number of objectives:

They outline a safe method of work for a specific job.

They provide an induction document that workers must read and understand before starting the job.

They assist in meeting legal responsibilities for the risk

management process, hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control.

They assist in effectively coordinating the work, the

materials required, the time required and the people involved to achieve a safe and efficient outcome.

They are a quality assurance tool.


Page 23

To complete a SWMS:

It must also be available for inspection at any given time, and be reviewed each year and amended if necessary. An example of an SWMS form can be found in Appendix 1B.

Reporting Any safety issue that you identify will need to be reported in accordance with the worksite plans and procedures. This could include a written, computer-generated or verbal report and may be given to a safety officer, your supervisor or a member of the management team. Other reports may include hazard identification logs and records.


Page 24

1.3.2.4 SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURES Safe Operating Procedures (SOPs) sometimes also known as standard operating procedures are written documents that are used to prevent incidents occurring when using machinery or equipment that has a risk or hazard associated with it.


Page 25

SOPs for situations that you could come across in your work may include:

Situation: Potential SOP details:

Site Traffic And Other Machine Movement Licensing, familiarisation, inductions, right of way rules.

Overhead Or Underground Services Dial before you dig or Look up and live.

Traffic Control And Restricted Access Barriers

Stay within the bounds of the traffic and vehicle movement plans.

Working At Heights, In Excavations/Trenches, Confined

Spaces, Or In Proximity To Others Training, obtaining and abiding by permits, communication.

Damaged Or Defective Equipment Tagging out, locking out, isolating equipment.

Worksite Personnel/Workers, Visitors And The Public Mandatory worksite inductions, barriers to isolation areas.

Environmental And Structural Hazards

Environmental protection training, environmental isolations, fencing, barriers.

Chemicals And Hazardous Materials Specialised training, keep away and keep others away, notify environmental officer.

Weather Conditions Not working in conditions above or below a set temperature, shorter work periods, more work breaks.

Restricted Access Areas Training required to enter the zone, PPE requirements, work instructions, emergency procedures.

Safe Parking Practices Stay within the bounds of the traffic and vehicle movement plans.

Often SOPs will contain a JSA, SWMS or MSDS as well.


Page 26

Safe Parking Practices

Part of the safety requirements and procedures that are common on any worksite working with machinery is good parking procedures. Commonly these procedures include:

Parking well clear of overhangs.

Keeping all access ways clear.

Parking well clear of refuelling locations and sites.

Parking away from excavations or other possible environmental hazards.

Ensuring vehicles are parked and secured from

unauthorised access or movement.

1.3.2.5 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Emergency procedures relate to all activities on a worksite and may include:

Emergency shutdown and stopping.

Extinguishing fires.

Organisational First Aid requirements.

Evacuation.

Emergency Shutdown Of Site Or Equipment Use of emergency shutdown equipment on machinery and site emergency shutdown must be done in accordance with worksite requirements. This could need to be done in the case of fire, investigation, accident and incident.


Page 27

Use Of Fire Extinguishers Fire-fighting equipment on site could range from small hand held extinguishers through to large water cannons. While water cannons are commonly used for dust suppression, they can be turned into a fire-fighting unit if necessary.

If a fire starts on site it is essential for the correct type of extinguisher to be used for the type of fire. Steps before using a fire extinguisher:

Evacuate the area.

Isolate the area.

Call emergency services or other designated on-site procedure.

If it is safe to use an extinguisher to attempt to control the fire, use the PASS system:

Pull the pin.

Aim at the base of the fire.

Squeeze the trigger.

Sweep the base of the fire. Notify your site emergency management team as soon as possible after a fire has been identified and call the fire brigade on 000.


Page 28

First Aid First Aid is the initial care given to an injured or ill person. Every site will have a first aid officer but you need to be ready to undertake basic first aid treatment until help arrives. Depending on the situation you may need to:

First aid is an important life skill. Undertaking a full first aid course is highly recommended. Evacuation Involves the removal of at risk personnel/workers from a dangerous area. Things to remember:

Keep calm.

Move away from the danger to a designated evacuation point.

Do not allow bystanders entry to the area.

Call for emergency services.


Page 29

1.3.3 RISK MANAGEMENT Risk management is the process of reducing or managing the risks when working with a hazard or in a hazardous situation and should take into consideration the context of the organisation and worksite. Risk management must be conducted in accordance with:

Legislative, organisation and site requirements/procedures.

Australian Standards (AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009).

Codes of Practice.

Employment and workplace relations legislation.

Equal employment opportunity and disability legislation. Risk management is made up of the following stages:


Page 30

1.3.3.1 CONSULTATION AND COMMUNICATING WITH OTHERS

This should be planned for and carried out at every stage of the risk management process. Identifying risks and hazards and coming up with ways of controlling them includes talking to the people with knowledge of the situation, or who are directly affected by any action you may take. Controlling a hazard can be a team effort and its important that everybody knows what they need to do and how/if they need to change their work process to suit.

1.3.3.2 RISK/HAZARD IDENTIFICATION HAZARDS CREATE RISK. CHECK FOR HAZARDS. A RISK is the chance of a hazard hurting you or somebody else or causing some damage. A HAZARD is the thing or situation that causes injury, harm or damage. If you can remove or at least control a HAZARD you can reduce the RISK involved.

Each worksite has its own specific risks and hazards. A site induction needs to inform you of any hazards which exist on site. Some of these hazards can be removed through staff training, better equipment and safe work methods. Talk to the OHS/WHS officer for more information.


Page 31

Hazards that may be found on a worksite may include:

Environmental hazards adjoining walls and structures, unstable or uneven terrain, holes and pot holes, excavations, trenches both open and recently filled, cuttings and embankments, over-hanging rocks, trees, dust and noise, unstable faces or areas.

Working at heights or in confined spaces.

Traffic conditions.

Overhead structures and services.

Installed services underground or above-

ground power lines, telephone lines, gas pipes, cables.

Structural hazards fences, facilities, buildings,

other structures or obstructions, poles, traffic areas, work zones, out of area zones, access points bridges, through traffic bridges, buildings.

People site personnel/workers, non-inducted

personnel/workers, site visitors, others authorised or unauthorised.

Equipment in use or unattended vehicles,

conveyors, fixed plant, overhead structures and services, abandoned equipment.

Chemical hazards fuel, chemicals, contaminants, gases, dusts, hazardous substances or materials.

Damaged or defective equipment could include

pressurised hoses and fastenings, non-pressurised hoses, ancillary machinery equipment, vandalised equipment.

Weather conditions storms, heat, floods, fires,

gas leaks, humidity.

Material hazards hazardous materials and substances or manual handling/lifting issues.


Page 32

1.3.3.3 RISK/HAZARD ASSESSMENT A risk assessment involves completing a risk analysis and a risk evaluation. By assessing the likelihood and consequence of the risk, you are able to understand the situation better and respond in an appropriate way. Assessing the risk/hazard involves two stages: 1. Risk/Hazard Analysis

Risk analysis is used to determine the seriousness of a hazard based on how likely it is to happen and the consequences if it does happen. The risk level of each identified hazard should be worked out.

Using a table similar to the one shown here you can assess how high the risk level is.

LIKELIHOOD

CONSEQUENCE

Insignificant Minor

First Aid Required

Moderate Medical

Attention and Time Off Work

Major Long Term Illness or

Serious Injury

Severe Kill or Cause Permanent Disability or

Illness

Almost Certain M H H VH VH Likely M M H H VH

Possible L M H H VH Unlikely L L M M H

Rare L L M M M


Page 33

2. Risk/Hazard Evaluation Risk evaluation is based upon the outcomes and results of the risk analysis. Risk evaluation involves making decisions about which risks need to be treated and the order in which they should be treated. Your evaluation should be used to determine how soon you should act to remove or control the hazard to achieve an acceptable level of risk.

Using a table similar to the one shown you can evaluate how soon you should act to remove or control the hazard to achieve an acceptable level of risk.

RISK LEVEL ACTION

VERY HIGH Act immediately: The proposed task or process activity must not proceed. Steps must be taken to lower the risk level to as low as reasonably practicable using the hierarchy of risk controls.

HIGH

Act today: The proposed activity can only proceed, provided that:

1. The risk level has been reduced to as low as reasonably practicable using the hierarchy of risk controls.

2. The risk controls must include those identified in legislation, Australian Standards, Codes of Practice etc.

3. The risk assessment has been reviewed and approved by the Supervisor. 4. A Safe Working Procedure or Safe Work Method has been prepared. 5. The supervisor must review and document the effectiveness of the

implemented risk controls.

MEDIUM

Act this week: The proposed task or process can proceed, provided that:


2. The risk assessment has been reviewed and approved by the Supervisor. 3. A Safe Working Procedure or Safe Work Method has been prepared.

LOW Act this month: Managed by local documented routine procedures, which must include application of the hierarchy of controls.

Any task with a Very High risk level is absolutely unacceptable to carry out. Steps must be taken to reduce the risk level.


Page 34

1.3.3.4 RISK/HAZARD TREATMENT Once risks have been identified, analysed and evaluated, risk treatment options need to be considered and applied. Risk treatment involves selecting one or more options to modify a risk and then implementing the selected option/s.


Page 35

Consider Hazard/Risk Control Strategy Options The Hierarchy of Hazard Control is the name given to a range of control methods used to eliminate or control hazards in the workplace. The Hierarchy has 6 levels.

It is important that you understand what each level in the hierarchy stands for and how they can be implemented:

1. Elimination This is the best kind of hazard control. Eliminating or removing the hazard completely reduces any risk connected to it. An example of eliminating a hazard would be removing dangerous materials from the site, or repairing defective equipment.

2. Substitution This is where you swap a dangerous work method or situation for one that is less dangerous. An example of this would be to use a group of people to move an item instead of trying to move it on your own (where the item cannot be broken down into smaller loads).

3. Isolation This is where you isolate the hazard. This might mean fencing off an area or restricting access to the hazard in some other way.

4. Engineering Controls This is where you use an engineering or mechanical method of doing the job. An example would be installing ventilation, or using a piece of equipment to move a load instead of moving it by hand.

5. Administrative Controls

This is where site rules and policies attempt to control a hazard. It can include working in teams, setting specific break times and frequent rotations for repetitive work or using signage to warn of hazards.

6. Personal Protective Equipment

This is your last line of defence and the least effective control it should be used in conjunction with other hazard control methods. PPE includes any safety equipment worn on your body. Workplaces often have mandatory PPE requirements to go on site.


Page 36

1.3.3.5 MONITORING AND REVIEW Monitoring and review are an important part of the risk management process and should be planned for at every stage. This involves regular surveillance and checking and responsibilities concerning it should be clearly defined. It is important that monitoring and review results are recorded and reported according to organisational policies and procedures.

1.3.3.6 REPORTING AND RECORD KEEPING

Make sure you record any action youve taken and talk to your supervisor and OHS officer about the control strategies in place. Reports and records could include:

Risk Assessment Reports.

Incident Reports.

Job Safety Analysis (JSA).

Safe Work Method Statements (SWMS). Keeping records is important as they can help ensure that any risk management activities are traceable. Records also provide a basis for improving methods and tools in the risk management process, as well as improving the overall process. It is very important that you obtain and confirm all safety requirements before starting to install signs or any other activity. To confirm the requirements you will need to ask any questions you may have and listen to the answers. Applying them means undertaking all tasks in the required manner.


Page 37

APPENDIX 1A WORK HEALTH & SAFETY COMMON TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU)

A person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) replaces the term employer. A PCBU includes all employers, sole traders, principal contractors, unincorporated associations, partnerships and franchisees. Volunteer organisations that also employ people will be PCBUs.

A PCBUs primary duty of care is to ensure the health and safety of everyone in the workplace, so far as is reasonably practicable.

Officers An Officer is a person who makes, or participates in making, decisions that affect the whole or a substantial part of a corporation. This includes Health and Safety Representatives (HSR).

Workers Worker replaces the term employee. It is defined broadly to mean a person who carries out work in any capacity for a PCBU.

A worker covers employees, contractors, sub-contractors (and their employees), labour hire employees, outworkers, apprentices, trainees, work experience students and volunteers.

Reasonably Practicable

Reasonably Practicable is defined as action that is, or was at a particular time, reasonably able to be done to help ensure health and safety based on the following factors:

a) Chances of the hazard or risk occurring (likelihood). b) The degree of harm (consequence). c) The knowledge of persons involved in the situation relating to the hazard or risk

and methods of eliminating or controlling it.

d) The availability and suitability of ways to eliminate or control the hazard or risk. e) The costs involved in taking action to eliminate or control the hazard or risk

including consideration of whether the cost involved is inconsistent to the level of risk.

Due Diligence

The Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (the WHS Act 2011) imposes a specific duty on officers of corporations to exercise due diligence to ensure that the corporation meets its work health and safety obligations. In short, they have a responsibility to ensure that the PCBU is doing everything it should to ensure health and safety.

The duty requires officers to be proactive in ensuring that the corporation complies with its duty.

Due diligence may be demonstrated through the following courses of action:

1. Acquiring knowledge of health and safety issues. 2. Understanding operations and associated hazards and risks. 3. Ensuring that appropriate resources and processes are used to eliminate or

minimise risks to health and safety.

4. Implementing processes for receiving and responding to information about incidents, hazards and risks.

5. Establishing and maintaining compliance processes. 6. Verifying the provision and use of the resources mentioned in 1-5.


Page 38

APPENDIX 1B SAFE WORK METHOD STATEMENT SWMS Name: SWMS Created By: Date of Creation:

SWMS Summary: Last Reviewed Date:

Company/Contractor Details: Project Details: Name: Client:

ABN: Contact Name:

Address: Site Address:

Contact Number: Contact Number:

Email: Start Date:

How to complete this SWMS:

1. CONSULT: Consult with all persons who will be involved in the completion of the work. 2. LIST: List each of the steps in the task work being done. 3. IDENTIFY: Describe the health and safety hazards and risks arising from each step in the work. 4. RISK ASSESSMENT: Review the level of risk associated with each hazard listed. 5. CONTROL: Describe how the risks will be controlled, and describe what hazard control measures will

be put in place.

6. RESPONSIBILITY: Allocate a person to be responsible for the hazard control measure. 7. REVIEW: Review the effectiveness of the control measures and apply further hazard control

measures as required.


Page 39

Training/Qualifications Required To Carry Out Work:

PPE Required To Carry Out Work:

Are All Workers Adequately Trained And Qualified?

Yes / No

Legislation, Australian Standards & Codes Of Practice Relevant To Work (Where Applicable):

Equipment Required To Carry Out Work:

Environmental Statement: Safety Checks Required Prior To Commencement Of Work:

Coordination With Other Trades:

Permits Required For Commencement Of Work:

Have These Permits Been Acquired?

Yes / No


Page 40

Risk Analysis Matrix Use this table to determine the level of risk associated with an identified hazard.

LIKELIHOOD

CONSEQUENCE

Insignificant Minor

First Aid Required

Moderate Medical

Attention and Time Off Work

Major Long Term Illness or

Serious Injury

Severe Kill or Cause Permanent Disability or

Illness

Almost Certain M H H VH VH Likely M M H H VH

Possible L M H H VH Unlikely L L M M H

Rare L L M M M

RISK LEVEL ACTION

VERY HIGH Act immediately: The proposed task or process activity must not proceed. Steps must be taken to lower the risk level to as low as reasonably practicable using the hierarchy of risk controls.

HIGH

Act today: The proposed activity can only proceed, provided that:


2. The risk controls must include those identified in legislation, Australian Standards, Codes of Practice etc.

3. The risk assessment has been reviewed and approved by the Supervisor. 4. A Safe Working Procedure or Safe Work Method has been prepared. 5. The supervisor must review and document the effectiveness of the

implemented risk controls.

MEDIUM

Act this week: The proposed task or process can proceed, provided that:


2. The risk assessment has been reviewed and approved by the Supervisor. 3. A Safe Working Procedure or Safe Work Method has been prepared.

LOW Act this month: Managed by local documented routine procedures, which must include application of the hierarchy of controls.


Page 41

Safe Work Method Statement

Work Step Associated/Identified Hazards

Risk Level (L, M, H, VH)

Hazard Controls Revised Risk Level

(L, M, H, VH)

Person Responsible

Work your way through each step in the work process, giving a brief description of what is required at each stage.

What hazards can be identified for this step?

What is the risk level?

What hazards controls will be put into place to deal with the identified hazards for this step?

Has the risk been reduced?

Who is responsible for carrying out the work and maintaining the hazard controls?


Page 42

Work Step Associated/Identified

Hazards Risk Level (L, M, H, VH)

Hazard Controls Revised Risk Level

(L, M, H, VH)

Person Responsible


Page 43

Personnel/Worker Signoff All personnel/workers required to carry out this task need to be listed below. By signing this SWMS, each person declares that they have carefully read the SWMS and that they understand their responsibilities and requirements to complete the work.

Name (please print) Position / Qualification Signature Date

Senior Management Signoff Does this SWMS meet the necessary safety requirements? Yes / No Does this SWMS require review? Yes / No Review Date: Additional Comments:

Name: Position: Signature: Date:

RIICRC206A INSTALL PRE-CAST

CONCRETE CRASH BARRIERS LEARNER GUIDE

Module Three Erect Crash Barriers And Clean Up

RIICRC206A INSTALL PRE-CAST CONCRETE CRASH BARRIERS Module Three Erect Crash Barriers And Clean Up

Page 2

THE CUNNING FAMILY TRUST AND THE PEACHEY FAMILY TRUST TRADING AS SAFE WORK RESOURCES PTY LTD ABN 90 785 129 255 (SAFE WORK RESOURCES)

The information, software, products, and services included in or available through the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products may include inaccuracies, operational or typographical errors. Changes are periodically added to the information herein. Safe Work Resources and/or its associated companies/businesses may make improvements and/or changes in the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products at any time. Advice received via the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products is of a general nature and should not be relied upon for personal, medical, legal or financial decisions and you should consult an appropriate professional for specific advice tailored to your situation. Safe Work Resources and/or its associated companies/businesses make no representations about the suitability, reliability, availability, timeliness, and accuracy of the information, software, products, services and related graphics contained on the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products for any purpose. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, all such information, software, products, services and related graphics are provided "as is" without guarantee, warranty or condition of any kind. Safe Work Resources and/or its associated companies/businesses hereby, to the maximum of extent permitted by applicable law, disclaim all guarantees, warranties and conditions with regard to this information, software, products, services and related graphics, including all implied warranties or conditions of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title and non-infringement and to the extend guarantees, warranties and conditions are implied and cannot be excluded, Safe Work Resources limits its liability at Safe Work Resources option to the: replacement of the goods or the supply of equivalent goods; repair of the goods or payment of the cost of having the goods repaired; payment of the cost of replacing the goods or of acquiring equivalent goods; or resupplying the services or the costs of resupplying the services. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, in no event shall Safe Work Resources and/or its associated companies/businesses be liable for any direct, indirect, punitive, incidental, special, consequential losses or damages or any damages whatsoever including, without limitation, damages for injury or death, loss of use, data, profits, revenue, production, opportunity, goodwill or any similar loss whether or not in your reasonable contemplation, arising out of or in any way connected with the use or performance of the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products with the delay or inability to use the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products or related services, the provision of or failure to provide services, or for any information, software, products, services and related graphics obtained through the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products or otherwise arising out of the use of the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products whether based on contract, tort, negligence, strict liability or otherwise, even if Safe Work Resources or any of its associated companies/businesses has been advised of the possibility of damages. Because some states/jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages, the above limitation may not apply to you. If you are dissatisfied with any portion of the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products or related services or with any of these terms of use, your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue using the Safe Work Resources website, applications, documents or any other products or related services. Your use of the Safe Work Resources information, software, products & services is governed by the laws of the state of Victoria and you hereby agree to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of or in Victoria and courts of appeal therefrom.


Page 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Review Log ..................................................................................................................................... 4!Module Basis .................................................................................................................................. 4!3.1 Erect Concrete Crash Barriers ............................................................................................... 5!3.1.1 Setting Out Barrier Positions ................................................................................................................. 5!3.1.2 Erecting Crash Barriers ......................................................................................................................... 6!

3.1.2.1 Operating Plant And Cranes .......................................................................................................... 6!3.1.2.2 Safe Lifting Techniques ................................................................................................................. 8!3.1.2.3 Installing Barriers And Other Fixtures ............................................................................................ 9!

3.1.3 Joining Crash Barriers ......................................................................................................................... 10!3.1.4 Sealing And Finishing Barriers ............................................................................................................ 11!3.2 Clear Work Area And Store Materials And Equipment ....................................................... 12!3.2.1 Clearing The Work Area ...................................................................................................................... 13!

3.2.1.1 Disposal Or Recycling Of Materials ............................................................................................. 14!3.2.2 Stacking And/Or Storing Unused Materials ......................................................................................... 15!3.2.3 Cleaning And Storing Tools And Equipment ....................................................................................... 16!


Page 4

REVIEW LOG

Version Number Date Updated Details of Updates Version 4H Released July, 2013

MODULE BASIS This module is based on the unit of competency RIICRC206A Install Pre-Cast Concrete Crash Barriers: Element 2 Erect concrete crash barriers. Element 3 Clean up.

2.1 Set out position of concrete crash barriers according to job drawings and specifications. 2.2 Erect and/or install barriers in the correct location. 2.3 Join barriers according to manufacturer's specifications. 2.4 Seal and finish barriers against weather. 3.1 Clear work area and dispose of or recycle materials in accordance with project environmental management plan. 3.2 Store or stack unused materials. 3.3 Clean, check, maintain and store plant, tools and equipment.


Page 5

3.1 ERECT CONCRETE CRASH BARRIERS The installation of pre-cast concrete crash barriers involves the following steps:

3.1.1 SETTING OUT BARRIER POSITIONS

Pre-cast concrete barriers are heavy and difficult to manoeuvre; therefore it is very important that you accurately set out their positions on the site before unloading them. Follow the drawings and job specifications to ensure that you are locating and aligning the barriers correctly.

Site requirements, including environmental considerations, will determine the setting out method you use. In some situations, you might use pegs and markers to indicate the required location. At other times you might use paint to mark the barrier positions on the ground.


Page 6

3.1.2 ERECTING CRASH BARRIERS When erecting pre-cast concrete crash barriers, always make sure you are working within the requirements of your organisation and the manufacturers instructions. This includes ensuring that any mechanical plant and lifting equipment is operated safely and correctly.

After the barriers have been delivered on site they need to be unloaded and placed in accordance with the drawings and specifications. Always watch carefully when the barriers are being put into position to ensure they are in the correct location. Once they are in place on the ground it can be very hard to move them.

3.1.2.1 OPERATING PLANT AND CRANES When unloading and installing crash barriers, you could be using a variety of equipment such as:

Cranes.

Forklifts.

Tele-handlers.

Other authorised and approved heavy lifting equipment and mechanical plant.


Page 7

Pre-cast concrete crash barriers are bulky and heavy, therefore all equipment must be suitable for the task you are undertaking. You must be aware of the capabilities and limitations of each machine or piece of equipment to ensure it is not overloaded or unsafe to use in the circumstances. Follow your site safety requirements, including safe operating procedures, for selecting and using cranes, mechanical plant and lifting equipment.

Always make sure the equipment will allow you to complete the crash barrier installation as safely as possible. For example, if site conditions deteriorate, select another, safer option.

When selecting a crane you need to ensure it is appropriate for the environmental conditions you are working in. Also make sure it has the appropriate reach and capability to bear the weight of the load. This is particularly important if, due to site conditions and hazards, the barriers are to be lifted and moved at the extreme edge of the boom extension.


Page 8

3.1.2.2 SAFE LIFTING TECHNIQUES Your site safety requirements should outline the safe lifting techniques that must be applied when erecting concrete crash barriers. These techniques may include the following:

Using the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

Applying Safe Operating Procedures (SOPs) for

cranes and lifting devices appropriate for the task and weights. For example, the crane operator should check:

The Safe Working Load (SWL) of the crane.

Lifting slings or chains are undamaged, suitable for the weight of the barrier, and they have the appropriate lifting hook.

Establishing an exclusion zone to keep the area

clear while the crash barriers are being lifted off the delivery vehicle. This will ensure that no people other than the authorised installers or the crane dogman/dogger can enter the lifting area.

Checking weather conditions never lift the barriers in high wind.

Continually monitoring the movement of the load

to make sure it remains safe, that no personnel/workers are put in danger and that the crane remains stable. The dogman may use a tagline to control the rotation of the load while it is in motion.


Page 9

If you do any manual handling during your work you should also remember to:

Avoid over-bending your back.

Bend with your knees not your back.

Use approved manual handling equipment where available.

Use team lifts of heavy objects.

3.1.2.3 INSTALLING BARRIERS AND OTHER FIXTURES Depending on the job specifications and manufacturers requirements, some types of crash barriers may have to be drilled and dowelled into place. You will need to use the correct tools to bore the holes into the pavement or concrete kerbing. Also follow the specifications for dowelling. Make sure that all of the correct resources are available for the installation process, and that the barriers have the correct configuration for the task.

In some circumstances, additional roadside fixtures may be required for the installation. These may include:

Signs or direction markers.

Guide posts and reflective delineators.

Guard rails.

Fencing.

Other specified materials and combinations. If you have any questions or concerns about the installation process, re-check the drawings and job specifications and ask your supervisor or another authorised person for help.


Page 10

3.1.3 JOINING CRASH BARRIERS With the pre-cast concrete crash barriers now in place, you need to join them together to create a fixed installation along the roadway. The manufacturer will provide specific instructions and diagrams detailing how they are to be joined and finished. These guidelines will reflect the shape, size and composition of the barriers. The drawings and job specifications will also tell you how to join the barriers together in a way that suits the particular environmental conditions at the site.

A common joining method involves the insertion of a pin between each barrier. This is useful when the crash barrier is configured to a curve or bend in the road. Once the barriers are lined up and in the correct position, pins are inserted through holes that have been pre-drilled into the concrete. The pins can then be driven into the ground or simply used with locking pieces to hold the barriers together.


Page 11

3.1.4 SEALING AND FINISHING BARRIERS

The joined barriers will need to be sealed and finished in accordance with the job specifications and the manufacturers guidelines. This will increase the structural stability and safety of the crash barrier as well as extending its useful life. Sometimes only the joints are sealed, by applying a resin then placing a rubber strip or seal over each one. This funnels water and dirt away from the joint, which could be a weak point in the crash barrier. If the barrier is to be a permanent fixture, the joints may be grouted together with a cement compound to ensure they are weather-proof.

In some situations the entire concrete crash barrier may need to be sealed against the weather. You might be required to coat the whole surface with approved products such as:

The crash barrier might also need to be painted to increase visibility for motorists. Again, this should be done in line with the manufacturers specifications and your site procedures.


Page 12

3.2 CLEAR WORK AREA AND STORE MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT Once you have finished your work tasks, you need to clear the work area, store or stack any unused materials, and make sure that all tools and equipment are cleaned, checked, maintained and stored.


Page 13

3.2.1 CLEARING THE WORK AREA Good housekeeping is necessary to control hazards and risks on the worksite, but it also promotes good work practices, pride and ownership of the job. It is your responsibility to clean up after your work activities and not leave it for someone else to do. Worksite requirements for clearing the work area and disposing or recycling materials will be outlined in the project environmental management plan, quality requirements and/or site-specific procedures.

Clean-up procedures may include:

Removing any potential hazards. Duty of care towards others means not leaving a possible source of accident or danger for other people.

Preparing any equipment or materials for transport

away from the site.

Cleaning up and using the bins provided to dispose of rubbish from workers, e.g. food and scraps.

Making sure you use appropriate PPE when dealing with

waste or possible hazardous materials as you clean.

Disposing of materials or recycling them (where possible) in line with the site Environmental Management plans or Waste Disposal Plans.


Page 14

3.2.1.1 DISPOSAL OR RECYCLING OF MATERIALS

Common waste materials that may be found in your work area could include:

Fencing and temporary barricade materials.

Concrete and unused or damaged concrete crash barriers.

Paints and adhesives.

Bolts.

Bearers and uprights.

Brackets and fastenings.

Aluminium sections.

Steel sections.

Timber.

Reflective materials.

Footing materials. Each of these will need to be managed in accordance with the site waste management plans.


Page 15

3.2.2 STACKING AND/OR STORING UNUSED MATERIALS Any spare or leftover materials that are still usable will need to be stacked in accordance with requirements and stored in an appropriate location. Stacking methods should be appropriate to the materials, ensuring that they remain in good condition for longer and can be used again.

Careful stacking of signs and fencing materials, for example, will prevent them from sustaining damage such as bowing, twisting or warping. Crash barriers will need to be stacked and/or stored in safe conditions that will prevent damage such as cracking, chipping or corrosion of the concrete. As they will be stored outdoors you may need to cover them with tarps to minimise exposure to the weather.

Store all materials in accordance with site procedures and/or the manufacturers specifications. Take note of any special conditions to be met so that any warranty conditions are not voided. In the case of additional or unused bolts, brackets or fastenings, make sure they are taken back to the depot or workshop and put into appropriate storage locations in case they are needed at the next installation.


Page 16

3.2.3 CLEANING AND STORING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

After using tools and equipment, it is important to ensure they are:

Cleaned to remove all dirt, mud moisture or other contaminants, in accordance with manufacturers specifications.

Checked for any damage if anything is wrong, report it;

then, if possible, carry out any repairs.

Maintained in line with manufacturers recommendations or your worksite procedures/standard work practices.

Stored correctly in the appropriate location. Most equipment, plant and tools will have designated storage instructions to ensure the items are kept free from damage and can be easily found the next time they are needed. Storage requirements could include:

Storing the item in a padded hard case box.

Storing the item in particular environmental conditions,

e.g. temperature-controlled. The site procedures and manufacturers guidelines for cleaning, maintenance and storage should be followed regardless of the type of equipment and tools being used. Keeping them in the best possible condition prolongs their working life and ensures they are safe to use.

RIICRC206A

Documents

Transcript of RIICRC206A