Riga, 25th April 2007

Expert meeting

Twinning LV/2005-IB/EN/01Water Quality

Adapt SCS & HBV to Latvian conditionsUse the long-term hydrological monitoring sites

& their land cover characteristics in a pilot catchment.

Test SCS & HBV for all the discharge monitoring sites

0

4

8

12

0 5000 10000

l/s/k

m2

Catchment of discharge monitoring sites km2

Apply SCS & HBV to all the Latvian river

Calculated discharges for the Latvian rivers

Hydrology monitoring

Adapt SWAT & TRK to Latvian conditionsUse the existing long-term water quality monitoring sites

& their land cover characteristics in the selected pilot drainage basin.

Water quality monitoring

Land cover typesin the main water quality monitoring sites

0

20

40

60

80

0 20 40 60 80 100% Forest

% A

gric

ultu

re

Test SWAT & TRK for all the long term water quality monitoring sites

Water quality monitoring

Water quality monitoring

Determine the drainage basin characteristics of the 222 rivers and 263 lakes monitoring sites which will be surveyed over the 3 years period

Select monitoring sites with the largest range of size and landscape structure / cover

Water quality monitoring

2000 4000 6000 8000

400

800

1200

Net Nitrogen input (kg km-2 yr-1)

Nitr

ogen

flu

xes

in R

iver

s (k

g km

-2 y

r-1)

Baltic

European SW Coast

St Laurent

North Canada

Mississippi

USA SE Coast

USA NE Coast

European NW coast North Sea

Adapted from Howarth et al. 1996

Water quality monitoring

0

10

20

30

40

50

1 103 106 109

Hectares

Kg N

/ H

a /

yr

From Omernik 1976

Water quality monitoring

0

20

40

60

20 40 60 80 100

kg N

ha-1

yr-1

% of land use as agriculture

Landscape structure

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

35,00

40,00

1999-08-28 1999-10-17 1999-12-06 2000-01-25 2000-03-15 2000-05-04 2000-06-23

To

tal

P (

kg)

Monitored dataSWAT model results

Water quality monitoring

Optimize the temporal framework

Proposed water quality monitoring in LatviaSampling effort

Nutrients (N & P) & Basic indicators (O2 – pH, conductivity, SM)

Total of analyses

Nb of sites with

Monthly sampling

Nb of sites with

Seasonal sampling

Daugava 552 5 123

Lielupe 208 9 25

Venta 260 7 44

Gauja 152 3 29

30 50560

12 15204

15 20260

8 15156

128

80

34

27

35

51

32

23

245

165

24

65

221

100

1172

1180

Choose the best spatio-temporal framework for water quality monitoring

Water quality monitoring

Sampling at low water in summerin winter

Sampling at high water during snowmeltin autumn

1 - Easy to planify

2 - Meaningfull in terms of representativeness of low flow (baseflow) conditions

3 - Provides realistic values to calculate nutrient fluxes

Proposal for nutrients and basic indicators

65 sites with monthly sampling instead of 24including low and high water seasonal sampling

100 sites with seasonal sampling instead of 221

Purchase autonomous automatic samplers

Measure Dissolved Organic Carbon

Test SWAT & TRK for the selected high frequency water quality monitoring sites

Apply SWAT & TRK for the low frequency water quality monitoring sites

Water quality monitoring

Apply SWAT & TRK for non monitored sites

Determine sites at risk

Link Surface & Groundwater monitoring

Establish threshold values for groundwater

Identify the receptors at risk within each groundwater body Groundwater associated surface waters:

•Rivers, Lakes

•Transitional, Coastal waters

•Groundwater dependent terrestrial ecosystems and wetlands

•Human use (drinking – irrigation – industry – farming)