1. METHODS IN MEDIA RICHARD ROGERS

2. WHERE ARE WE NOW? FROM VIRTUAL TO DIGITAL METHODS3 VIRTUALS, OR 3 WAYS OF SEEING THE WEB 1. Web as Cyberspace (1994-2000) Virtual as distinct from the real. Virtual studies 2. Web as Virtual Society? (2000-2007) Virtual is part of the real. Offline as baseline 3. Web as Virtual? Society (2007- ) 'Virtual' as indication of the real. Online as baseline Now: Use online data about society & culture, and make 'online grounded' claims 3. CLAIMS GROUNDED ONLINEUNDERSTANDING SOCIETAL CONDITIONS WITH THE WEB AS THE BASELINE quot;This newspaper made an inventory of right-wing and extreme right-wing sites.... The newspaper found 150 of such sites that came and went over the past 10 years. The internet archive's wayback machine was used. We found that the number of right-wing and extreme right-wing sites grew after 11 September 2001, the rise of Pim Fortuyn...The growth was explosive... The difference in language use became smaller.... The internet is revealing a hardening of the Netherlands.quot;- NRC Handelsblad, 25 August 2007On 20 September 2007, it fell out of the top 1,000 results. 4. CLAIMS GROUNDED ONLINEUNDERSTANDING SOCIETAL CONDITIONS WITH THE WEB AS THE BASELINE quot;Deze krant inventariseerde en vergeleek rechtse en in taalgebruik radicalere extreemrechtse sites... De krant spoorde 150 sites op die de afgelopen tien jaar kwamen en gingen. Daarvoor werd het internetarchief gebruikt... De inventarisatie laat zien dat zowel het aantal rechtse als extreemrechtse sites groeide na de aanslagen van 11 september 2001, de opkomst van Pim Fortuyn... Het maakt ook duidelijk dat de verschillen tussen rechtse en extreemrechtse sites kleiner zijn geworden... Internet lijkt daarmee de weerslag van de maatschappelijke verharding in Nederland.quot; - NRC Handelsblad, 25 August 2007 5. DIGITIZED VS. DIGITALMETHODS Digitized methods Online surveys - Finding the list to mail them to.Online interviews - Become written exchanges by email.(Online) observation - Watching users over the shoulder.Online samples - Become difficult. Also issue of exhaustiveness.Online investigative reporting - Fact-checking by phoning/surfing? 6. DIGITIZED VS. DIGITALMETHODS Distinction between methods that migrate to the medium and those native to it General Digital Methods Protocol - Follow the MediumWhich objects are available? (Links, tags, threads, timestamp...)How do dominant devices and platforms handle them?How to learn from and repurpose medium methods? (Mash-up...)Are findings grounded in the online? Is the online the baseline? 7. DIGITAL METHODS OBJECTS & APPROACHES 1. The Link - As reputation marker and indicator of a politics of association 2. The Website - As an archived object, awaiting use 3. The Engines - As ordering devices, providing hierarchies of credibility 4. The Spheres - As bounded, engine-demarcations, with distinctive qualities 5. The Webs - As national Webs, with characteristics that may used for diagnoses 8. DIGITAL METHODS OBJECTS & APPROACHES 6. Social Networking Sites - As friends' tastes for 'post-demographic' profiling 7. Wikipedia - As networked content, held together and 'co-authored' by bots 9. 1. THE LINKHow is it often studied? Hypertext, small worlds, paths and social networks Hypertext Theory - from reading texts to authoring stories by clicking links.Small Worlds and Path Theory - concerned with distance between people, and the route to take to reach someone.Social Network Analysis - people's positioning in a network, e.g., centrality and betweenness. 10. 1. THE LINKHow else to study the link? Follow and repurpose medium methods Follow Google, which grants sites status from their links.Capture inlinks and outlinks from sites, using link ripper, Yahoo inlink ripper, or Issue Crawler and actor profiler.Profile actors. Show politics of association, and reputation. 11. LINKING AS POLITICS OF ASSOCIATION . GM Food Network - Highlighted Actor Inter-linkings, Govcom.org, 1999. 12. LINKS AS STATUS MARKERS GM Food Network, Actor Link Profiles, Govcom.org, 1999. 13. E-Culture in the Netherlands: Network and Actors Ranked Actor Profile 1 of 10 9Ranked Actor Profile 1 of 10 Ranked Actor Profile 1 of 22-Nov-2006 25-Aug-200825-Aug-2008Ranked Actor Profile 2 of of 9 Ranked Actor Profile 2 1022-Nov-200625-Aug-2008 Ranked Actor Profile 3 of 10 9 Ranked Actor Profile 3 of22-Nov-200625-Aug-2008 Ranked Actor Profile 4 of of 9Ranked Actor Profile 4 1022-Nov-2006 25-Aug-2008 Criminal Justice Reforme-cultuur e-cultuurCriminal Justice Reforme-cultuurCriminal Justice Reform e-cultuur Criminal Justice Reform e-cultuurthomas.loc.govpicnicnetwork.orgusdoj.gov vsbfonds.nlncjrs.orgminocw.nlaclu.org mondriaanfoundation.nl(14) inlinks and (0) (8) outlinks(10) inlinks and outlinks(8)(10) inlinks andoutlinks inlinks and (4) (0) outlinks (7) (9) inlinks and (10) outlinksinlinks and (1) outlinks(8) (9) inlinks and (3) outlinks inlinks and (1) outlinks Google actor pagerank for issue Google actor pagerank for issueGoogle actor pagerank for issue Google actor pagerank for issueGoogle actor pagerank for issueGoogle actor pagerank for issue Google actor pagerank for issueGoogle actor pagerank for issuethomas.loc.gov is not returned inE cultuur , beeld, fotografie,vsbfonds.nlis not returned in the usdoj.gov is not returned inncjrs.org is not returned in the Speech van Staatssecretaris Van eCultuur Denot returned in theaclu.org is Mondriaan Stichtingthe top 1000 results foreducatie. Ronnie Stevens,top 1000 results for quot;Criminalthe top 1000 results for der Laan Symposiumquot;Criminal in top 1000 results for eCultuur hecht groot belang aantop 1000 results for quot;Criminal-134 -- -31 41-Oleksandr Justice Reformquot;.quot;Criminal Demchenko, Eileen e-cultuurReformquot;. Justice Justice Reformquot;. Beweging, ... Van mijn kortecultuureducatie, zowel voorJustice Reformquot;.Bell, Erik Driessen, Hanneke aanwezigheid moet de volgende jongeren als voor volwassenen.Vos, Frans Nauta ... boodschap uitgaan: eCultuur ... Uit onderzoeken van Ineke ... Ranked Actor Profile 5 of 9 25-Aug-2008Ranked Actor Profile 7 of 9 25-Aug-2008 Ranked Actor Profile 8 of 9 25-Aug-2008 Ranked Actor Profile 5 of 1022-Nov-2006 Ranked Actor Profile 6 of 10 9Ranked Actor Profile 6 of25-Aug-200822-Nov-2006 Ranked Actor Profile 7 of 10 22-Nov-2006Ranked Actor Profile 8 of 1022-Nov-2006e-cultuur e-cultuure-cultuur e-cultuurCriminal Justice Reform Criminal Justice ReformCriminal Justice Reform Criminal Justice Reform doen.nl fondsbkvb.nl creativecommons.org waag.orgsentencingproject.orgojp.usdoj.govojjdp.ncjrs.orgstate.ny.us (8) inlinks and (2) outlinks (7) inlinks and (11) outlinks (7) inlinks and (7) outlinks(7) inlinks and (12) outlinks (5) inlinks and (0) outlinks(7) inlinks and (5) outlinks (7) inlinks and (2) outlinks(6) inlinks and (0) outlinksGoogle actor pagerank for issue Google actor pagerank for issue Google actor pagerank for issue Google actor pagerank for issue Google actor pagerank for issueGoogle actor pagerank for issue Google actor pagerank for issue Google actor pagerank for issue creativecommons.org is notwaag.org is not returned in thedoen.nl is not returned in theFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Information about crime, courts,Now let's look at theojjdp.ncjrs.org is not returned returned in the top 1000 results Governor Pataki Introduces top 1000 results for e-cultuurtop 1000 results for e-cultuurView as HTML Het Virtueel--sentencing, criminal justice159 imprisonment movement, the second for the top 1000 results forin e-cultuur -Criminal Justice Reform10358 Platform, sectorinstituut voor-73policy analysis, punishment, great criminal justice reform ofquot;Criminal Justice Reformquot;. Initatives. Police and Publice-cultuur , stelt zich als. doelalternatives to incarceration andthe past two decades. TheProtection Act, Criminalom e-cultuur in Nederland te ...reform.expanded use of prison ... Procedural Law Reform to ...Ranked Actor Profile 9 of 925-Aug-2008Issue Crawler-discovered actors,Ranked Actor Profile 9 of 1022-Nov-2006 Ranked Actor Profile 10 of 10 22-Nov-2006signi cant to the e-culture sector e-cultuur Criminal Justice Reform Criminal Justice Reformin the Netherlands.* flickr.comafk.nl Legend followthemoney.org albany.eduaimsterdam.nl (6) inlinks and (2) outlinksamsterdam.nl(5) inlinks and (3) outlinks(5) inlinks and (3) outlinksanymeta.netbeeldengeluid.nlcreativecommons.nlcreativecommons.orgcultuurfonds.nldel.icio.usdoen.nlemaf.de Google actor pagerank for issueGoogle actor pagerank for issue Google actor pagerank for issuefabchannel.comfeedreader.com Method Flickr is almost certainly the followthemoney.org is notbestis the author of Explaining and He online photo managementlmfestivalrotterdam.comreturned in the top 1000 results 18 Criminal Justice: CommunityInsert the organisations in the Virtual Platform database -592sharing application in the world.lmfund.nl for quot;Criminal Justice Reformquot;.Show offand Criminal photos and Theory your favorite Justiceas the starting points for an Issue Crawler map.lmmuseum.nl videos to.the view Dr. Duffee's Reform To world, ...ickr.comPerform this over time and make a ranked list of persistent actors.Vitae - click here. [Photo ... fondsbkvb.nlRank and profile actors in the shown issue network (August 08),frankwatching.com and show their ranking according to Google PageRank per issue.hku.nlhollandfestival.nlhyves.nlidfa.nlkunstenaarsenco.nllast.fmmarketingfacts.nlmediamatic.nl E-Culture in the Netherlands: Network and Actors _______________________ -minocw.nlmondriaanfoundation.nlmondriaanstichting.nl 08prinsbernhardcultuurfonds.nl September NovemberAnalysis_ Richard Rogers and Sabine Niederer.syntens.nltransartists.nl Design _Marieke van Dijk.uva.nlvsbfonds.nlData_from Virtual Platform. Analysis and visualization from issuecrawler.netyoutube.comand tools.issuecrawler.net by govcom.org. *Each actor was present in the e-culturenetworks in April, June and August 2008. 2008 Govcom.org 14. DYNAMIC URL SAMPLINGA METHOD FOR THE DISCOVERY OF CENSORED WEBSITES Using lists of sensitive sites for Iran, researchers, using the Issue Crawler, perform hyperlink analysis, discovering further URLs, and run them through a proxy in Iran for code 403s (forbidden). On 20 September 2007, it fell out of the top 1,000 results. 15. Method & Findings:A Censored Network: Iranian Social, Political and Religious Sites Using Issuecrawler.net, crawl URLs (on 30 MarchA hyperlink analysis method for censored Website discovery.2006) from the OpenNet Initiative's list of Iranian social, political and religious sites. Find network of sites through one iteration of co-link analysis (pictured). Fetch each site through a proxy in Iran (on 18 May 2006). Discover sites previouslyrdki.com unknown to be blocked. Compare newly discoveredvoanews.com blocked sites with entire list of Iranian Websitessh-shafa.comchecked by the OpenNet Initiative. The finding isi-w-o.orgthe discovery of 30 blocked sites in Iran.medusa2000.com rowzane.com iranazad.com tehrantimes.comzagros.infomarzeporgohar.orgwomeniniran.com siasate-kargari.com shamlou.orgkasravi.infoavairan.com radio-international.org Newly discovered blocked sites:didgah.comsharareha.com ihrwg.org sarbedaran.org bbc.co.uk/persian jebhemelli.net http://home.bip.net/radiohambastegi/jebhe.org http://ir.mondediplo.com/ azadi-iran.org peykeiran.com nashrieh-nameh.com http://www.alahwaz.com/ radiokomaleh.comwpiran.orgetehadchap.com http://www.ashoob.com/fadaian.org http://www.asre-nou.net/irandokht.comjebhemelli.org komalah.org http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/ iran-emrooz.dealahwaz.comun.orgiran.mojahedin.org radiofarda.com http://www.channelonetv.com/ golshan.com home.bip.net/radiohambastegi http://www.didgah.com/peiknet.com http://www.didgah.net/ hayateno.org kargar.org payvand.com/news panahjoo.comroshangari.com http://www.fadaee.org/ zan.org jonge-khabar.com mani-poesie.de http://www.fedayi.org/etehadefedaian.orgradis.orgiran-e-sabz.orgcpiran.org http://www.fwhi.org/rahekargar.netfadaee.orgfedayi.org http://www.geocities.com/~fedaian/hamshahri.netranjbaran.orgkomala.org http://www.gozareshgar.com/ kanoon-zendanian.org http://www.iran-jommelli.com/amnesty.org gooya.com radiobarabari.net http://www.iranazad.com/baztab.comshahrvand.com http://www.irandokht.com/forughfarrokhzad.org isnagency.com fadai.org negah1.com siahkal.com http://www.komalah.org/asre-nou.netashoob.com http://www.kvinnonet.org/ ettelaat.comiran-newspaper.comtudehpartyiran.org mihan.net http://www.mani-poesie.de/ news.gooya.comavayeashena.com fwhi.org http://www.medusa2000.com/nehzateazadi.orgpdk-iran.org http://www.mihan.net/ rfi.fr/fichiers/Langues/rfi_persan_main.asp http://www.negah1.com/golshirifoundation.org gozareshgar.comirna.com http://www.peykeiran.com/ ilna.ir wsu-iran.org channelonetv.comiran-chabar.de http://www.radio-international.org/ iran-jommelli.com http://www.radiobarabari.net/ shamlu.comkvinnonet.orgtoufan.org avayezan.com marxists.orgA co-production between the Govcom.org Foundation, Amsterdam, and the http://www.rdki.com/geocities.com/~fedaian OpenNet Initiative, a partnership between the Citizen Lab at the Munk http://www.roozonline.com/ sharghnewspaper.com hadisara.comir.mondediplo.comCentre for International Studies, University of Toronto, the Berkman Center http://www.shahrvand.com/for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School, the Advanced Network http://www.zagros.info/Research Group at the Cambridge Security Programme at CambridgeUniversity, and the Oxford Internet Institute, Oxford University. iransocialforum.orgrooydad.com Legenddidgah.netInternet Censorship Visualizations________________________2006A Censored Network: Iranian Social, Political and Religious SitesBlocked sites roozonline.com Newly discovered blocked sites 06Accessible sitesData_by OpenNet Initiative and map by Issuecrawler.net. alefbe.com Analysis_by Richard Rogers, Nart Villeneuve and Erik IRANInaccessible site (owing to DNS issue)Borra, and design_by Marieke van Dijk. Size of node indicates inlink count from network. 2006 Govcom.org and ONI 16. A Censors Network - Iranian Political, Social and Religious sitesA method for censored Website discoveryUsing lists of sensitive sites for Iran, researchers, using theIssue Crawler, perform hyperlink analysis, discovering further URLs,and run them through a proxy in Iran for code 403s (forbidden). 17. 2. THE WEBSITEHow is it often studied? User and Eyeball Studies Usability - quot;Don't make me think.quot; Also: The Web is blue.Eye-tracking - Heat maps tell stories, and help redesign sites.Site optimization - quot;Grabbing more eyeballsquot;Site features - types of interactivity ergo participation 18. 2. THE WEBSITEHow else to study it? As an archived object, awaiting use. Internet Archive literature review - articles about it, but not how it's used. (Exception: Wayback machine articles.)Follow Wayback Machine's interface. It privileges single-site histories.Capture a site's history. What does it tell? 19. A METHOD FOR DEMARCATING AND DIAGNOSING NATIONAL WEBS 1. Demarcate National Web Domain name, language, IP range, Whois2. Diagnose Condition of National Web a. 'Youthfulness' (freshness through datestamps) b. 'Brokenness' (link validators) c. 'Cohesiveness' (linking to other national sites - example) d. 'Datedness' (software versions running) e. 'Dated users' (browser versions of users) On 20 September 2007, it fell out of the top 1,000 results. 20. 3. THE ENGINEHow is it often studied? As a dark web-maker, as attention deficit, as 'googlization' Engines include and exclude by not indexing orphans; by burying sites.Engines encourage attention deficits. Users rarely look past result 10. 'Contemplative man' replaced by 'flickering man.'Googlization turns the engine into an object of mass media critique. Google as monolith.Surveillance studies. Ones search history becomes new databody. 21. 3. THE ENGINEHow else to study it? As a (temporal) ordering device and epistemological machine Capture and reinterpret the engine's results.Inquire into the new orders of things, and hierarchies of credibility.Inquire into stability / volatility of site rankings with the Issue Dramaturg.Query individual sites for partisanship and commitments with the Lippmannian Device. 22. ON TOP OF THE ENGINE: THE LIPPMANNIAN DEVICE How else to study it? As a data source to be built upon to study source partisanship Capture engine's results.Query each of the first hundred result for terms.How far are terms from the 'top of the Web'? (Source distance.)Inquire also into sources' partisanship and commitments. 23. Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Sallie Baliunas) Research Question_To what extent are climate change 'skeptics' present in the climate change spaces on the Web? Findings_There is distance between the skeptics and the top of the search engine returns.epa.gov (0) bbc.co.uk (0) defra.gov.uk (0)unep.org (0)bom.gov.au (0) ipcc.ch (0) pewclimate.org (0)davidsuzuki.org (0)panda.org (0)mfe.govt.nz (0)ec.gc.ca (0) exploratorium.edu (0) climatechange.com.au (0)greenpeace.org (0)climatechallenge.gov.uk (0)guardian.co.uk (0) iisd.org (0) g8.gov.uk (0)campaigncc.org (0)foe.co.uk (0) state.gov (0)scidev.net (0)eea.europa.eu (0) whoi.edu (0)cbc.ca (0) energy.gov (0)marshall.org (6)climateark.org (2) un.org (0)dar.csiro.au (0)theglobeandmail.com (0) acfonline.org.au (0) gcrio.org (0)nature.com (0) grida.no (0) nature.org (0)ecokids.ca (0)royalsoc.ac.uk (0) climatechangecentral.com (0) iea.org (0) ecn.ac.uk (0)ecy.wa.gov (0) worldwildlife.org (0)realclimate.org (55)faqs.org (0)metoffice.gov.uk (0) open2.net (0) scienceagogo.com (0) eldis.org (0) ft.com (0) who.int (0)climatecrisis.net (0) ltscotland.org.uk (0) abc.net.au (0)climatechange.ca.gov (0) envirolink.org (0) mofa.go.jp (0)sourcewatch.org (0) iucn.org (0) dfat.gov.au (0) ncdc.noaa.gov (0) climatescience.gov (0)climatechangecollege.org (0) ciel.org (0)ucar.edu (0) Source_google.com Product_of the Digital Methods Initiative, Query_Sallie Baliunas dmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Bram Method_Search for query Sallie Baliunas in top 100. Organized in order. Nijhof, Richard Rogers and Laura van der Tools_Google Scraper and Tag Cloud GeneratorVlies. Design_Anne Helmond. Date_30 July 2007 CLIMATE CHANGESCEPTICSCC_BY:NC:SA 24. Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Timothy Ball) Research Question_To what extent are climate change 'skeptics' present in the climate change spaces on the Web? Findings_There is distance between the skeptics and the top of the search engine returns. epa.gov (0)bbc.co.uk (0)defra.gov.uk (0)unep.org (0) bom.gov.au (0)ipcc.ch (0)pewclimate.org (0) davidsuzuki.org (0)panda.org (0)mfe.govt.nz (0) ec.gc.ca (0)exploratorium.edu (0) climatechange.com.au (0) greenpeace.org (0) climatechallenge.gov.uk (0) guardian.co.uk (0) iisd.org (0) g8.gov.uk (0) campaigncc.org (6) foe.co.uk (0) state.gov (0)scidev.net (0)eea.europa.eu (0) whoi.edu (0)cbc.ca (0) energy.gov (0)marshall.org (2) climateark.org (0)un.org (0) dar.csiro.au (0) theglobeandmail.com (0) acfonline.org.au (0)gcrio.org (0)nature.com (0)grida.no (0) nature.org (0)ecokids.ca (0)royalsoc.ac.uk (0)climatechangecentral.com (0) iea.org (0)ecn.ac.uk (0)ecy.wa.gov (0) worldwildlife.org (0) realclimate.org (0)faqs.org (0)metoffice.gov.uk (0)open2.net (0)scienceagogo.com (0) eldis.org (0)ft.com (0)who.int (0) climatecrisis.net (0) ltscotland.org.uk (0)abc.net.au (0) climatechange.ca.gov (0) envirolink.org (0) mofa.go.jp (0) sourcewatch.org (0)iucn.org (0) dfat.gov.au (0) ncdc.noaa.gov (0) climatescience.gov (0) climatechangecollege.org (0)ciel.org (0)ucar.edu (0) Source_google.com Product_of the Digital Methods Initiative, Query_Timothy Balldmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Bram Method_Search for query Timothy Ball in top 100. Organized in order.Nijhof, Richard Rogers and Laura van der Tools_Google Scraper and Tag Cloud GeneratorVlies. Design_Anne Helmond. Date_30 July 2007CLIMATE CHANGE SCEPTICSCC_BY:NC:SA 25. Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Robert Balling) Research Question_To what extent are climate change 'skeptics' present in the climate change spaces on the Web? Findings_There is distance between the skeptics and the top of the search engine returns. epa.gov (0)bbc.co.uk (0) defra.gov.uk (0)unep.org (0) bom.gov.au (0)ipcc.ch (0) pewclimate.org (0) davidsuzuki.org (0)panda.org (0) mfe.govt.nz (0) ec.gc.ca (0)exploratorium.edu (0)climatechange.com.au (0) greenpeace.org (0) climatechallenge.gov.uk (0)guardian.co.uk (0) iisd.org (0)g8.gov.uk (0) campaigncc.org (2) foe.co.uk (0)state.gov (0)scidev.net (0)eea.europa.eu (0)whoi.edu (0)cbc.ca (0)energy.gov (0) marshall.org (2) climateark.org (2)un.org (0) dar.csiro.au (0) theglobeandmail.com (0) acfonline.org.au (0) gcrio.org (0)nature.com (0)grida.no (0)nature.org (0) ecokids.ca (0) royalsoc.ac.uk (0) climatechangecentral.com (0) iea.org (0)ecn.ac.uk (0)ecy.wa.gov (0)worldwildlife.org (0)realclimate.org (11)faqs.org (0)metoffice.gov.uk (0)open2.net (0)scienceagogo.com (0) eldis.org (0) ft.com (0) who.int (0) climatecrisis.net (0) ltscotland.org.uk (0) abc.net.au (0) climatechange.ca.gov (0) envirolink.org (0) mofa.go.jp (0)sourcewatch.org (4) iucn.org (0)dfat.gov.au (0) ncdc.noaa.gov (0)climatescience.gov (11)climatechangecollege.org (0) ciel.org (0)ucar.edu (0) Source_google.com Product_of the Digital Methods Initiative, Query_Robert Ballingdmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Bram Method_Search for query Robert Balling in top 100. Organized in order.Nijhof, Richard Rogers and Laura van der Tools_Google Scraper and Tag Cloud GeneratorVlies. Design_Anne Helmond. Date_30 July 2007CLIMATE CHANGE SCEPTICSCC_BY:NC:SA 26. Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Paul Driessen) Research Question_To what extent are climate change 'skeptics' present in the climate change spaces on the Web? Findings_There is distance between the skeptics and the top of the search engine returns. epa.gov (0)bbc.co.uk (0) defra.gov.uk (0)unep.org (0) bom.gov.au (0) ipcc.ch (0) pewclimate.org (0) davidsuzuki.org (0)panda.org (0)mfe.govt.nz (0)ec.gc.ca (0)exploratorium.edu (0) climatechange.com.au (0) greenpeace.org (0) climatechallenge.gov.uk (0)guardian.co.uk (0) iisd.org (0) g8.gov.uk (0) campaigncc.org (1)foe.co.uk (0)state.gov (0)scidev.net (0) eea.europa.eu (0) whoi.edu (0) cbc.ca (0) energy.gov (0) marshall.org (0)climateark.org (0) un.org (0)dar.csiro.au (0) theglobeandmail.com (0) acfonline.org.au (0) gcrio.org (0) nature.com (0) grida.no (0) nature.org (0) ecokids.ca (0) royalsoc.ac.uk (0)climatechangecentral.com (0) iea.org (0)ecn.ac.uk (0) ecy.wa.gov (0) worldwildlife.org (0) realclimate.org (0)faqs.org (0) metoffice.gov.uk (0) open2.net (0) scienceagogo.com (0) eldis.org (0)ft.com (0) who.int (0) climatecrisis.net (0)ltscotland.org.uk (0) abc.net.au (0)climatechange.ca.gov (0)envirolink.org (0)mofa.go.jp (0) sourcewatch.org (28)iucn.org (0) dfat.gov.au (0) ncdc.noaa.gov (0)climatescience.gov (0) climatechangecollege.org (0)ciel.org (0)ucar.edu (0) Source_google.com Product_of the Digital Methods Initiative, Query_Paul Driessen dmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Bram Method_Search for query Paul Driessen in top 100. Organized in order. Nijhof, Richard Rogers and Laura van der Tools_Google Scraper and Tag Cloud GeneratorVlies. Design_Anne Helmond. Date_30 July 2007CLIMATE CHANGE SCEPTICSCC_BY:NC:SA 27. Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Sherwood Idso) Research Question_To what extent are climate change 'skeptics' present in the climate change spaces on the Web? Findings_There is distance between the skeptics and the top of the search engine returns. epa.gov (0)bbc.co.uk (0) defra.gov.uk (0)unep.org (0) bom.gov.au (0)ipcc.ch (0) pewclimate.org (0) davidsuzuki.org (0)panda.org (0)mfe.govt.nz (0) ec.gc.ca (0)exploratorium.edu (0) climatechange.com.au (0) greenpeace.org (0)climatechallenge.gov.uk (0)guardian.co.uk (0)iisd.org (0)g8.gov.uk (0) campaigncc.org (1) foe.co.uk (0)state.gov (0) scidev.net (0)eea.europa.eu (0)whoi.edu (0) cbc.ca (0) energy.gov (0) marshall.org (0)climateark.org (1) un.org (0)dar.csiro.au (0)theglobeandmail.com (0) acfonline.org.au (0) gcrio.org (0) nature.com (0) grida.no (0)nature.org (0) ecokids.ca (0)royalsoc.ac.uk (0) climatechangecentral.com (0)iea.org (0)ecn.ac.uk (0)ecy.wa.gov (0) worldwildlife.org (0)realclimate.org (42) faqs.org (0)metoffice.gov.uk (0)open2.net (0)scienceagogo.com (0)eldis.org (0) ft.com (0)who.int (0) climatecrisis.net (0)ltscotland.org.uk (0)abc.net.au (0) climatechange.ca.gov (0)envirolink.org (0)mofa.go.jp (0)sourcewatch.org (14)iucn.org (0) dfat.gov.au (0) ncdc.noaa.gov (0) climatescience.gov (0)climatechangecollege.org (0)ciel.org (0)ucar.edu (0) Source_google.comProduct_of the Digital Methods Initiative, Query_Sherwood Idsodmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Bram Method_Search for query Sherwood Idso in top 100. Organized in order.Nijhof, Richard Rogers and Laura van der Tools_Google Scraper and Tag Cloud Generator Vlies. Design_Anne Helmond. Date_30 July 2007CLIMATE CHANGE SCEPTICS CC_BY:NC:SA 28. Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Richard Linzen) Research Question_To what extent are climate change 'skeptics' present in the climate change spaces on the Web? Findings_There is distance between the skeptics and the top of the search engine returns. epa.gov (0)bbc.co.uk (0) defra.gov.uk (0)unep.org (0)bom.gov.au (0)ipcc.ch (0) pewclimate.org (0) davidsuzuki.org (0) panda.org (0) mfe.govt.nz (0) ec.gc.ca (0) exploratorium.edu (0)climatechange.com.au (0) greenpeace.org (0)climatechallenge.gov.uk (0)guardian.co.uk (0) iisd.org (0)g8.gov.uk (0)campaigncc.org (0)foe.co.uk (0)state.gov (0) scidev.net (0)eea.europa.eu (0) whoi.edu (0)cbc.ca (0) energy.gov (0) marshall.org (0)climateark.org (0)un.org (0)dar.csiro.au (0) theglobeandmail.com (0) acfonline.org.au (0) gcrio.org (0) nature.com (0) grida.no (0) nature.org (0) ecokids.ca (0) royalsoc.ac.uk (0) climatechangecentral.com (0)iea.org (0) ecn.ac.uk (0)ecy.wa.gov (0) worldwildlife.org (0)realclimate.org (13) faqs.org (0) metoffice.gov.uk (0) open2.net (0) scienceagogo.com (0) eldis.org (0) ft.com (0) who.int (0) climatecrisis.net (0) ltscotland.org.uk (0)abc.net.au (0) climatechange.ca.gov (0) envirolink.org (0) mofa.go.jp (0)sourcewatch.org (0)iucn.org (0)dfat.gov.au (0)ncdc.noaa.gov (0)climatescience.gov (0) climatechangecollege.org (0)ciel.org (0) ucar.edu (0) Source_google.com Product_of the Digital Methods Initiative, Query_Richard Linzendmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Bram Method_Search for query Richard Linzen in top 100. Organized in order.Nijhof, Richard Rogers and Laura van der Tools_Google Scraper and Tag Cloud GeneratorVlies. Design_Anne Helmond. Date_30 July 2007CLIMATE CHANGE SCEPTICSCC_BY:NC:SA 29. Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Patrick Michaels) Research Question_To what extent are climate change 'skeptics' present in the climate change spaces on the Web? Findings_There is distance between the skeptics and the top of the search engine returns. epa.gov (0)bbc.co.uk (0) defra.gov.uk (0) bom.gov.au (0) ipcc.ch (4) pewclimate.org (2) davidsuzuki.org (0) panda.org (0)mfe.govt.nz (0)ec.gc.ca (0) exploratorium.edu (0)climatechange.com.au (0) greenpeace.org (0) climatechallenge.gov.uk (0)guardian.co.uk (0) iisd.org (0) g8.gov.uk (0)campaigncc.org (3) foe.co.uk (0) eea.europa.eu (0)cbc.ca (0) energy.gov (0) marshall.org (2)climateark.org (1)dar.csiro.au (0)acfonline.org.au (0)gcrio.org (0) nature.com (0) grida.no (0)nature.org (0)ecokids.ca (0)climatechangecentral.com (0) iea.org (0)ecn.ac.uk (0) ecy.wa.gov (0)realclimate.org (45)metoffice.gov.uk (0)open2.net (0) eldis.org (0) ft.com (0) faqs.org (0) climatecrisis.net (1) ltscotland.org.uk (0) abc.net.au (0)climatechange.ca.gov (0)envirolink.org (0) mofa.go.jp (0) iucn.org (0) dfat.gov.au (0) ncdc.noaa.gov (0)climatescience.gov (7) climatechangecollege.org (0) ciel.org (0) Source_google.comProduct_of the Digital Methods Initiative, Query_Patrick Michaels dmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Bram Method_Search for query Patrick Michaels in top 100. Organized in order. Nijhof, Richard Rogers and Laura van der Tools_Google Scraper and Tag Cloud Generator Vlies. Design_Anne Helmond. Date_30 July 2007 CLIMATE CHANGESCEPTICS CC_BY:NC:SA 30. Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Steven Milloy) Research Question_To what extent are climate change 'skeptics' present in the climate change spaces on the Web? Findings_There is distance between the skeptics and the top of the search engine returns.epa.gov (1)bbc.co.uk (0)defra.gov.uk (1)unep.org (1) bom.gov.au (0) ipcc.ch (1)pewclimate.org (1)davidsuzuki.org (0) panda.org (0) mfe.govt.nz (0) ec.gc.ca (0) exploratorium.edu (0)climatechange.com.au (0)greenpeace.org (1)climatechallenge.gov.uk (1) guardian.co.uk (0)iisd.org (0) g8.gov.uk (0)campaigncc.org (0)foe.co.uk (0) state.gov (1) eea.europa.eu (1)whoi.edu (1) cbc.ca (0)energy.gov (1)marshall.org (0)climateark.org (2) un.org (0) dar.csiro.au (1)theglobeandmail.com (0) acfonline.org.au (0)gcrio.org (0)nature.com (0) grida.no (0)nature.org (1) ecokids.ca (0) climatechangecentral.com (0)iea.org (0) ecn.ac.uk (1)ecy.wa.gov (1) worldwildlife.org (0) realclimate.org (33)open2.net (0) eldis.org (0) ft.com (0) who.int (1) climatecrisis.net (1)faqs.org (0) metoffice.gov.uk (1) ltscotland.org.uk (1) abc.net.au (0)climatechange.ca.gov (1)envirolink.org (1)mofa.go.jp (1)sourcewatch.org (27) iucn.org (0)dfat.gov.au (0) ncdc.noaa.gov (1)climatescience.gov (0)climatechangecollege.org (1)ciel.org (0) ucar.edu (0) Source_google.comProduct_of the Digital Methods Initiative, Query_Stephen Milloy dmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Bram Method_Search for query Stephen Milloy in top 100. Organized in order. Nijhof, Richard Rogers and Laura van der Tools_Google Scraper and Tag Cloud Generator Vlies. Design_Anne Helmond. Date_30 July 2007 CLIMATE CHANGESCEPTICS CC_BY:NC:SA 31. Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Frederick Seitz) Research Question_To what extent are climate change 'skeptics' present in the climate change spaces on the Web? Findings_There is distance between the skeptics and the top of the search engine returns.epa.gov (0) bbc.co.uk (0)defra.gov.uk (0) unep.org (0)bom.gov.au (0)ipcc.ch (0) pewclimate.org (0)davidsuzuki.org (0) panda.org (0) mfe.govt.nz (0)ec.gc.ca (0)exploratorium.edu (0)climatechange.com.au (0)greenpeace.org (0) climatechallenge.gov.uk (0) guardian.co.uk (0) iisd.org (0) g8.gov.uk (0) campaigncc.org (1)foe.co.uk (0)state.gov (0) scidev.net (0) eea.europa.eu (0) whoi.edu (0) cbc.ca (0) energy.gov (0)marshall.org (8) climateark.org (4)un.org (0)dar.csiro.au (0) theglobeandmail.com (0)acfonline.org.au (0) gcrio.org (0) nature.com (0)grida.no (0) nature.org (0) ecokids.ca (0) royalsoc.ac.uk (0)climatechangecentral.com (0)iea.org (0)ecn.ac.uk (0)ecy.wa.gov (0)worldwildlife.org (0) realclimate.org (35)metoffice.gov.uk (0)open2.net (0) scienceagogo.com (0)eldis.org (0)ft.com (0) who.int (0) climatecrisis.net (0) faqs.org (0)ltscotland.org.uk (0) abc.net.au (0)climatechange.ca.gov (0) envirolink.org (0) mofa.go.jp (0)sourcewatch.org (21) iucn.org (0) dfat.gov.au (0) ncdc.noaa.gov (0) climatescience.gov (0) climatechangecollege.org (0)ciel.org (0)ucar.edu (0) Source_google.com Product_of the Digital Methods Initiative, Query_Frederick Seitz dmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Bram Method_Search for query Frederick Seitz in top 100. Organized in order. Nijhof, Richard Rogers and Laura van der Tools_Google Scraper and Tag Cloud GeneratorVlies. Design_Anne Helmond. Date_30 July 2007CLIMATE CHANGE SCEPTICSCC_BY:NC:SA 32. Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (S. Fred Singer) Research Question_To what extent are climate change 'skeptics' present in the climate change spaces on the Web? Findings_There is distance between the skeptics and the top of the search engine returns.epa.gov (0) bbc.co.uk (0) defra.gov.uk (0)unep.org (0) bom.gov.au (0) ipcc.ch (0) pewclimate.org (0)davidsuzuki.org (0)panda.org (0) mfe.govt.nz (0) ec.gc.ca (0) exploratorium.edu (0) climatechange.com.au (0)greenpeace.org (1) climatechallenge.gov.uk (0) guardian.co.uk (0) iisd.org (0) g8.gov.uk (0) campaigncc.org (1)foe.co.uk (0)state.gov (0) scidev.net (0)eea.europa.eu (0) whoi.edu (0) cbc.ca (0) energy.gov (0)marshall.org (0) climateark.org (1) un.org (0)dar.csiro.au (0)theglobeandmail.com (0)acfonline.org.au (0)gcrio.org (0) nature.com (0) grida.no (0) nature.org (0) ecokids.ca (0)royalsoc.ac.uk (0)climatechangecentral.com (0)iea.org (0) ecn.ac.uk (0)ecy.wa.gov (0) worldwildlife.org (0) realclimate.org (14)faqs.org (0)metoffice.gov.uk (0) open2.net (0)scienceagogo.com (0) eldis.org (0) ft.com (0) who.int (0) climatecrisis.net (0) ltscotland.org.uk (0) abc.net.au (0) climatechange.ca.gov (0)sourcewatch.org (64)envirolink.org (0) mofa.go.jp (0)iucn.org (0) dfat.gov.au (0)ncdc.noaa.gov (0)climatescience.gov (11)climatechangecollege.org (0)ciel.org (0)ucar.edu (0) Source_google.com Product_of the Digital Methods Initiative, Query_Fred Singer dmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Bram Method_Search for query Fred Singer in top 100. Organized in order. Nijhof, Richard Rogers and Laura van der Tools_Google Scraper and Tag Cloud GeneratorVlies. Design_Anne Helmond. Date_30 July 2007CLIMATE CHANGE SCEPTICSCC_BY:NC:SA 33. Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Willie Soon) Research Question_To what extent are climate change 'skeptics' present in the climate change spaces on the Web? Findings_There is distance between the skeptics and the top of the search engine returns.epa.gov (0) bbc.co.uk (0)defra.gov.uk (0)unep.org (0)bom.gov.au (0) ipcc.ch (0) pewclimate.org (0)davidsuzuki.org (0) panda.org (0)mfe.govt.nz (0) ec.gc.ca (0)exploratorium.edu (0)climatechange.com.au (0)greenpeace.org (0)climatechallenge.gov.uk (0)guardian.co.uk (0)iisd.org (0) g8.gov.uk (0)campaigncc.org (2)foe.co.uk (0)state.gov (0)scidev.net (0) eea.europa.eu (0) whoi.edu (0)cbc.ca (0) energy.gov (0) marshall.org (4)climateark.org (1)un.org (0)dar.csiro.au (0) theglobeandmail.com (0)acfonline.org.au (0) gcrio.org (0) nature.com (0) grida.no (0)nature.org (0) ecokids.ca (0)royalsoc.ac.uk (0) climatechangecentral.com (0)iea.org (0)ecn.ac.uk (0)ecy.wa.gov (0) worldwildlife.org (0)realclimate.org (27)faqs.org (0)metoffice.gov.uk (0)open2.net (0) scienceagogo.com (0) eldis.org (0) ft.com (0)who.int (0)climatecrisis.net (0)ltscotland.org.uk (0) abc.net.au (0)climatechange.ca.gov (0)envirolink.org (0)mofa.go.jp (0) sourcewatch.org (0) iucn.org (0) dfat.gov.au (0) ncdc.noaa.gov (0)climatescience.gov (0)climatechangecollege.org (0)ciel.org (0)ucar.edu (0) Source_google.com Product_of the Digital Methods Initiative, Query_Willie Soon dmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Bram Method_Search for query Willie Soon in top 100. Organized in order. Nijhof, Richard Rogers and Laura van der Tools_Google Scraper and Tag Cloud GeneratorVlies. Design_Anne Helmond. Date_30 July 2007CLIMATE CHANGE SCEPTICSCC_BY:NC:SA 34. 4. THE SPHERESHow are they often studied? Blogs as new genre, as news and as empowering voice. Blogs as 'genre' (recognizable with reverse chronology), and constructed / reified as genre by software.Blogosphere as parasitic on news, and obsessed with MSM.Blogs and blogosphere as organizers of voice (Sony DRM) and authenticator of voice (Iraqi bloggers).'Web sphere' as a 'special collection' of archived sites made by editors around events, e.g. 9/11 collection, Tsunami collection. 35. 4. THE SPHERESHow else to study them? As engine-demarcated spaces with qualities. Capture engine results.Approached in terms of comparative media studies, or cross-spherical analysis. Compare engine results across spheres.Inquire into qualities of the results per sphere: blogosphere, Websphere, newssphere, tagosphere, etc. 36. Issue Animals Hierarchy in the News (Google News) Research Question_For the issue of climate change, how prominent is each animal (in text and image)? Are there significant differences per 'sphere' (web, news, blogosphere) in the frequency with which each animal is referenced? Findings_In the news, for a text query, the polar bear is the animal most associated with climate change, followed by the cow. puffin pika sea turtleeaglecow whalecranedolphin polar bear frog walrustiger elephant panda penguinorangutan marmot red fox Source_news.google.comProduct_of the Digital Methods Initiative, Query_climate change + animal x dmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Esther Tools_Google News Scraper and Tag Cloud Generator Weltevrede and Sabine Niederer. Design_by Date_15 July 2007 Esther Weltevrede, Sabine Niederer and Anne Helmond. ISSUE ANIMALSCC_BY:NC:SA 37. Issue Animals Hierarchy in the Blogosphere Research Question_For the issue of climate change, how prominent is each animal (in text and image)? Are there significant differences per 'sphere' (web, news, blogosphere) in the frequency with which each animal is referenced? Findings_In the blogosphere, for a text query, the polar bear is the animal most associated with climate change, followed by the cow.cow puffin pika sea turtle eagle whalecrane dolphin polar bear walrus tigerelephant pandafrog penguinorangutanmarmot red fox Source_search.technorati.comProduct_of the Digital Methods Initiative, Query_climate change + animal x dmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Esther Authority_a littleWeltevrede and Sabine Niederer. Design_by Tools_Technorati Scraper and Tag Cloud GeneratorEsther Weltevrede, Sabine Niederer and Anne Date_17 July 2007 Helmond. ISSUE ANIMALSCC_BY:NC:SA 38. Issue Animals Hierarchy on the Web (Google) Research Question_For the issue of climate change, how prominent is each animal (in text and image)? Are there significant differences per 'sphere' (web, news, blogosphere) in the frequency with which each animal is referenced? Findings_On the web, for a text query, results are distributed across all the animals not particularly favoring one issue animal. puffinpikasea turtle eagle cow whale crane dolphin polar bear frogwalrus tigerelephantpandapenguinorangutanmarmot red fox Source_www.google.com Product_of the Digital Methods Initiative, Query_climate change + scrape top 100 results for animal xdmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Esther Tools_Google Scraper, Compare Lists and Tag Cloud Generator Weltevrede and Sabine Niederer. Design_by Date_15 July 2007 Esther Weltevrede, Sabine Niederer and Anne Helmond. ISSUE ANIMALSCC_BY:NC:SA 39. 5. THE WEBSHow is the Web often studied? Without the plural. In the singular.As cyberspace, as a technical infrastructure which gives rise to place-less-ness.As a separate space. 40. 5. THE WEBSHow else may they be studied? As national Webs that are telling Through a recognition of IP address location technology.The emergence of national Webs, also being archived as such.Diagnose the condition of a country through its Web. 41. THE WEB IS GROUNDEDContent is served according to one's IP address 42. DIAGNOSING THE CONDITION OF A NATIONAL WEB METHODS FOR DEMARCATING NATIONAL WEBS 1. Demarcate national Web By domain name, language, IP range, WhoisFor domain-level demarcation of a national web, see http://generatenational.net 43. DIAGNOSING THE CONDITION OF A NATIONAL WEB METHODS FOR DIAGNOSING NATIONAL WEBS 2. Diagnose condition of a national Weba. 'Youthfulness' (freshness through datestamps) b. 'Brokenness' (link validators) c. 'Cohesiveness' (linking to other national sites) d. 'Datedness' (software versions running) e. 'Dated users' (browser versions of users) 44. Query: Number of results available per TLD served by Google Region Search Method:Query all quot;site:ccTLDquot; and all quot;site:gTLDquot; in United States Google The World according to Google IIIRegion search with GoogleScraper United States Domain Topology Digital Methods Initiative 09 August08Map generated by tools.digitalmethods.net.COM (6730000000) .ORG (1630000000) .NET (1330000000) .EDU (270000000) .GOV (171000000) .US (166000000) .INFO (93500000) .BIZ (37700000) .TV (36100000) .WS (20300000) .CC (19400000) .NU (7310000) .MIL (4530000).EU (3010000) .FM (2800000) .INT (2760000) .TRAVEL (1750000) .MOBI (1750000) .LA (1730000) .TK (1390000) .NAME (1310000) .CAT (1030000) .BZ (804000) .SU (528000) .MS (425000).CD (415000) .COOP (334000) .AD (284000) .PRO (261000) .ASIA (214000) .SC (214000) .AS (188000) .IM (167000) .AERO (129000) .AC (114000) .JE (59600) .DJ (48400) .MUSEUM (47300) .GG (42900) .SR (42600) .JOBS (20800) .TP (7180) .AX (4950) .TEL (5) .CA (3) .HU (2) .UK (2) .ID (1) .NL (1) .IN (1) .BR (1) .DE (1) .TO (1) 45. The World according to Google V 46. The Palestinian Political Webs: Separate Spheres?What kind of 'state' of the Palestinian Web is suggestedby the Hamas-related sites?Fatah-related and Hamas-related Networks ComparedMethodInsert Hamas-related sites in Issue Crawler.Perform co-link analysis. Render as spring map. FindingsThe Hamas-affiliated news agency, Palestine Information Center, has numerous mirroredwebsites in various languages, hosted and registered under the main domain namePalestine-Info, with different domain extensions (Palestine-info.info, Palestine-info.co.uk,Palestine-info.net, etc). These sites, together with otherHamas-related websites do not link out to other (Palestinian)websites.Instead, they provide links to RSS-feed readers, whereby individuals and other sitesmay subscribe to Hamas-related content.6 September 2007 6 September 2007What kind of 'state' of the Palestinian Web is suggested by the Fatah-related sites?Method Insert Fatah-related sites in Issue Crawler. Perform co-link analysis. Render as spring map.FindingsMapping the Palestinian Web Space ___________________________ Fatah's Palestinian Web may be characterized primarily as a 'civic Web'.Fatah-related and Hamas-related networks compared Fatah-related websites link to each other as well to Palestinian NGOs, Palestinian Media and to a lesser extent to International NGOs and Media. 07 Analysis by Anat Ben-David. Design by Marieke van Dijk. September A co-production of the Govcom.org Foundation, Amsterdam, There are no links to other Palestinian political actors or to any official .ps websites. and the Information Society in Palestine project, Cambridge.The research presented in this publication is the result of a project supported by Canada's International Development Research Centre (www.idrc.ca). The Information Society in Palestine project was conceived and implemented by the Advanced Network Research,. Cambridge Security Programme, and The SecDev Group (www.secdev.ca). 47. 6. SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES How are they often studied? Presentation of self, class conflict, friends? Presentation of (a more expansive) self.MySpace and Facebook have different 'classes' of users.Distinction between real-life friends and 'friended' friends. 48. 6. SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES How else may they be studied? As post-demographics Post-demographics is a recognition that profiles are made of interests, i.e., favorite media interests (movies, TV shows, books)Study how profilers make use of preferences. 49. 7. WIKIPEDIAHow is it often studied? As a question of accuracy, as a scandal-maker Wikipedia is compared to Encyclopedia Brittanica.Wikiscanner, the tool that 'locates' anonymous users, shows normal (and scandalous) publicity management.As an abnormally vigilant community of free-labourers. 50. 7. WIKIPEDIAHow else may it be studied? As networked content The top editors of Wikipedia are bots, followed by humans (with software that sends alerts).Capture Wikipedia data, and enquire into the technicity of content.How dependent is Wikipedia on non-humans? 51. Wikipedia editing by bots and users: Overall percentage of Bot activity of all edit activity Wikipedia editing by bots and users: Overall percentage of Bot activity of all edit activity________________________________Govcom.org, 2008. http://govcom.org/August 08Analysis by Zachary Devereaux, Sabine Niederer, Richard Rogers, Bram Nijhofand Michael Stevenson. All wikipedia edits Visualization: Rosa Menkman. Percentage of bot edits 2008 52. Human, Bot and Software Assisted Activity on Top Twenty EN Wikipedia Articles 2513783067Bot Edits4644 Software Assisted EditsHuman EditsHuman, Bot and Software Assisted Activity on Top Twenty EN Wikipedia Articles_________________________________________Digital Methods Initiative, 2008. www.digitalmethods.net August 08 Analysis by Zachary Devereaux, Sabine Niederer, Richard Rogers, Bram Nijhof and Michael Stevenson. Maps by: Rosa Menkman, Auke Touwslager and Marieke van Dijk 2008 53. Wikipedia Bot Activity in Most-Used Languages Worldwide What is the level of bot activity per language, looking at top 20 of most-used languages?JapaneseFrench VietnameseGermanArabic TamilMarathiBengali Urdu Javanese Hindi Spanish ChineseKorean TeluguPortuguese English RussianItalian Human, Bot and Software Assisted Activity on Top Twenty EN Wikipedia Articles_________________________________________Govcomorg Jubilee, 2008. www.govcom.org August 08Language scaled by Wikipedia size Analysis by Zachary Devereaux, Sabine Niederer, Richard Rogers, Bram Nijhof and Michael StevensonPercentage of bot activity Visualization by Auke Touwslager 2008 54. Wikipedia Bot Activity in Endangered and Revived Languages What is the level of bot activity per language, looking at endangered and revived languages? Endangered Languages Cornish Vro Manx LadinoFriulianRomansh Aromanian Sanskrit Upper Sorbian Corsican Scottish Gaelic Samogitian ChuvashAragoneseOccitan Breton Revived LanguagesHawaiianCornish Manx West Frisian BelarusianBasqueGalician EstonianHebrewCzech CatalanHuman, Bot and Software Assisted Activity on Top Twenty ENWikipedia Articles_________________________________________ Govcomorg Jubilee, 2008.www.govcom.orgAugust08Language scaled by Wikipedia sizeAnalysis by Zachary Devereaux, Sabine Niederer, Richard Rogers, Bram Nijhofand Michael StevensonPercentage of bot activityVisualization by Auke Touwslager 2008 55. CONCLUSION: METHODS IN NEW MEDIA DIGITAL METHODS FOR (NEW) MEDIA RESEARCH 1. Links are reputation markers. 2. Websites as archived objects awaiting study. 3. Engines as epistemological machines with new orders of things. 4. Spheres as demaracted engine spaces for comparative study. 5. Webs as national, to diagnose the condition of a country. 6. Social networking sites as sets of friends' (post-demographic)tastes. 7. Wikipedia as networked content, dependent on bots for quality. What would a research bot do? 56. quot;There are methods in media.quot;THANK YOU Digital Methods Initiative, http://www.digitalmethods.netGovcom.org Foundation, http://www.govcom.org Text online: http://www.govcom.org/rogers_paris_medialab.pdfSlides online: http://www.govcom.org/rogers_paris_slides.pdf 57. Findings grounded in the online ProjectsSee also: Crawling Myanmar and Finding Links to Western Firms Discovering the Success of Pakistan State Internet Censorship 'Wet' and 'Dry' RFID Imagery: Where are the humans? Global Human Rights Network - What's on the Agenda? Public Media Projects - What kind of Publics? And more at http://www.digitalmethods.net