Richard Feynman, 1963 (from The Feynman Lectures … · Web viewRichard Feynman, 1963 Il est...

F: Energy sources, delivery and storage - Transforming Resources 9 May 2023

Module Big Idea : To have electricity and fuel we transform energy sources which derive from natural resources.

Core messages:

1. Our daily activities require electricity and fuel from Canada’s energy mix.2. We have developed and rely upon technologies for the conversion of energy.3. The production of electricity to meet our needs and wants has impacts. 4. We need to deliver and store electricity and fuel to provide us with energy for our daily lives.5. Canada’s energy sector has a long-standing history.

Visitor experiences:

F Energy sources, delivery, storageF1 Module L1 Title: Energy transformation

F1 Module L1 Text:

Accessibility considerations.Physical Accessibility - Assure appropriate reach range and clear knee space. Assure 70% contrast.

Sensory Accessibility -

Intellectual Accessibility - Choose easily understandable icons and minimal, simple text. Text shall be written for language skill of about Grade 6 level reading comprehension. Use short sentences and avoid words that represent complex concepts.

Accessibility Exemptions:

Programming and Outreach opportunities.Additional quotes about energy could be requested from YAC or survey group.

F1 Introduction. Provides visitors with basic information that they need to understand this module.

F1-1 Energy Quotes (on outside of loft). Quotes will be used to inform people that we really don’t know what energy is. The quotes will be free form, visually interesting depiction on the “walls” of the energy loft. L2 quote text

There are no ideas […] more obscure and uncertain, than those of power, force, energy. David Hume, 1748

Il n’est pas d’idées […] qui soient plus obscures et plus incertaines que celles de pouvoir, de force, d’énergie…

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David Hume, 1748

It is important to realize that in physics today, we have no knowledge of what energy is.Richard Feynman, 1963

Il est important de se rendre compte que dans la physique d’aujourd’hui, nous n’avons aucune connaissance de ce qu’est l’énergie.

Richard Feynman, 1963 (from The Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol. I Ch. 4: Conservation of Energy

The cheapest energy is the energy you don’t use in the first place.Sheryl Crow, 2007

L’énergie la moins chère est celle que vous n’utilisez pas.Sheryl Crow, 2007

F1-2 Energy basicsF1-2 L2 title: What is energy?F1-2 L2 text: Energy is the measurable ability of a system to do work. Walking to school, starting a car, switching on a light bulb. All these “systems” use energy.

F1-2 Graphic: F1-2 Image title: Two categories of energyF1-2 Image caption: Kinetic energy - energy in motion, being used now; Potential energy - stored for later use, with additional labels as below (30 words)

F3 Energy Street. Our daily activities require electricity and fuel from Canada’s energy

mix. In this full-scale replica of a modern loft,energy street, visitors complete daily tasks and when they do they learn that energy carriers come from a mix of energy sources. An energy meter keeps track of the energy use within the space. Topics addressed will include energy conservation and efficiency.

Accessibility considerations.Physical Accessibility - Assure appropriate reach range, clear pathways and open knee space for all loft activities. Assure close approach to artifacts. Assure 70% contrast.

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http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/I_04.html

http://ryansearch.net/


Sensory Accessibility - Provide port for alternative input/output device.



Programming and Outreach opportunities.F3-4: My energy use and footprint interactive has the potential to be released to a broader audience through our website. F3-3 A number of the Energy games have the potential to be released online (e.g. Buzzfeed, our website) – E.g. F3-3-5 Natural resources and pop-culture pop quiz; F3-3-6 Personality Quiz – What energy source are you? F3-3-8 bejeweled style tile matching game, Possible development for programming: F3-3-9 Dice board game – 9 or 10 sided dice, with associated game board. Roll dice (or do an enclosed dice like trouble), and visitors can move along a board to the next square the same. Must roll all 9 different types before getting to end… (LTE?)


F3-1 Energy Street. Your energy use. Visitors get introductory information about the energy in their lives, encountered/integrated as part of the loft. For example, appliances such as the TV will have information about the sources, how much power it takes to run and cost required to provide us with energy to watch TV.

F3 L2 title: Energy in our lives

F3 L2 text: Where does the energy that we use in our everyday lives come from?We harness energy from these sources:

List of sources with icons (these icons are introduced here and used throughout exhibition): oil, natural gas, coal, hydro, nuclear (uranium), wind, sun, ocean, geothermal heat, biomass

F3 L3 shout-out text: Some sources are called renewable – the energy that we harness from these sources is replenished or renewed naturally. Other sources are non-renewable. Once we retrieve all these resources to harness energy, they are gone forever.

F3.0.1 Wall text: F3.0.1 L2 text (on wall): Energy comes to us in our daily lives either as electricity or as fuel. As you interact with the loft, notice that the energy that you use is related to the sources in Canada’s energy

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Anna Adamek, 2016-12-15,

The order is important, sorted by productionPrimary energy production*, by source, 2014 NRCan


mix. Canada’s northern climate and geography means we need a lot of energy to travel, heat our homes, and transport goods we manufacture and consume.

F3.0.1.1 L3 text: What is electricity? Electricity is a carrier of energy. It is a basic component of matter, an existence of charged particles. An electric current is a flow of this charge.

F3.0.1.2 L3 text: What is fuel? Fuel is a carrier of energy, made from oil, natural gas, coal, uranium, and biomass, that can be burnt or that reacts with other substances to releases energy.

E.g. Energy source --- arrow ----- electricity (beside appliance); Energy source --- arrow ------ fuel (beside garage)

Supplemental information to inform design and appliance: Electricity is generated from a range of sources, including hydro, ocean, wind, sun, geothermal heat, biomass, oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear. We use oil and natural gas primarily for transportation and heating, but these fuels can also produce electricity. Some energy sources such as biomass and geothermal are used for residential heating.

F3.0.2 Loft appliances Overview: Energy loft (data on energy use (lightning bolt) and $ next to appliance highlighted below in purple): (approx. 10 Appliances with source labels 5 words each). Energy source icons are always present beside each appliance, and dollar signs appear when the appliance is turned on.

Den - kid’s room with energy games Energy games (see section below)

F3.0.2.1 Prop: Large scale light switch and a Philips CFL light bulb (or a couple, with different colour lights)

Icons: Hydro, oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, wind, sun, oceanF3.0.2.1 Pcap: Electricity, 13 watts,

F3.0.2.2 Prop: Large scale plug to plug in with 3 prongsIcons: Hydro, oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, wind, sun, oceanF3.0.2.2 Pcap: Electricity

Entertainment room F3.0.2.3 Prop: TV (focal point)

Icons: Hydro, oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, wind, sun, oceanF3.0.2.3 Pcap: Electricity, 25.3 watts for EnergyStar TV (or 132 kWh\day, or we can ask: “How long is your TV on every day?”)

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Dawn Hall, 2017-01-06,

For each of these interactive products, can we use a bar with low, medium high impact on energy consumption, instead of just providing a number?

Anna Adamek, 2016-12-15,

Order is important, sorted by electricity production

Dawn Hall, 2016-10-28,

I think it works better here. If we say what is electricity, should we also define what is fuel?


F3.0.2.3 L3: 65% of Canadian households have at least two televisions

F3.0.2.4 Prop: Video game console (PlayStation with Minecraft or similar videogame)Icons: Hydro, oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, wind, sun, oceanF3.0.2.4 Pcap: Electricity 130 watts for PlayStation4, 180 w for PS3, 120 w for xbox, none has EnergyStar designation

F3.0.2.5 Prop: Stereo CD Player,Blu-ray Disc Player,DVD Player Icons: Hydro, oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, wind, sun, oceanF3.0.2.5 Pcap: Electricity, 5 watts for EnergyStar Sony stereo

F3.0.2.6 Prop: Comfortable seatingF3.0.2.6 L3: Appliances account for 14% of the energy consumed in the average Canadian home

F3.0.2.7 Prop: Dell notebookIcons: Hydro, oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, wind, sun, oceanF3.0.2.7 Pcap: Electricity, 60 watts but with EnergyStar features, it can be as low as 7 w in low power mode

F3.0.2.8 Prop: Ceiling fanIcons: Hydro, oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, wind, sun, oceanF3.0.2.8 Pcap: Electricity, 60 watts

F3.0.2.9 Prop: Portable fanIcons: Hydro, oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, wind, sun, ocean F3.0.2.9 Pcap: Electricity, 115 watts

F3.0.2.10 Prop: Portable electric heater Icons: Hydro, oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, wind, sun, oceanF3.0.2.10 Pcap: Electricity, 1500 watts

F3.0.2.11 Prop: Block heater Icons: Hydro, oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, wind, sun, oceanF3.0.2.11 Pcap: Electricity, 500 watts

F3.0.2.12 Prop: Coffeemaker Icons: Hydro, oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, wind, sun, oceanF3.0.2.12 Pcap: Electricity, 900 watts

F3.0.2.13 Prop: Tablet with pop culture quiz Icons: Hydro, oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, wind, sun, oceanF3.0.2.13 Pcap: Electricity, 10 watts when playing a video to 3.5 watts short idle

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F3.0.2.1.14 Prop: AC/DC band poster F3.0.2.14 Pcap: AC/DC? Not just a band!Direct current – or DC – flows continuously in the same direction from a generator, batteries, thermocouples, or solar cells to an appliance. Alternating current – AC - the low of electric charge reverses direction smoothly and regularly. Quote from MIT, School of Engineering: “Alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) are notable for inspiring the name of an iconic metal band, but they also happen to sit right at the center of the modern world as we know it. AC and DC are different types of voltage or current used for the conduction and transmission of electrical energy.” “One looks like a straight line, the other a wave; together, they power your laptop…”

Entry F3.0.2.15 Prop: Large scale thermostat

Hot Icons: Natural gas, oil, coal, biomass, geothermalCold icons: Hydro, oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, wind, sun, oceanF3.0.2.15 Pcap: Electricity, XX watts

F3.0.2.16 Prop: Washer/dryer stack (in mud room) Icons: Hydro, oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, wind, sun, oceanF3.0.2.16 Pcap: Electricity, 500 watts (washer); Electricity, 5000 watts (dryer)F3.0.2.16 L3: 84% of Canadians use their clothes dryer on a sunny summer dayF3.0.2.16 L3: 85 to 90% of energy used to wash clothes goes to heating water

F3.0.2.17 Garage Icons: Large: Oil (fuel for car)

Smaller: biomass for biofuel

F3.0.3 Overall energy meter: At one point in the space, an overall energy meter is present and changing, beside which the $, $$, $$$, $$$$ change based on what’s on

F3.0.3 L2 title: Energy Efficiency and Conservation

F3.0.3 L2 text: To harness energy we have to convert enormous amounts of natrual resources into electricity and fuel. We can decrease these amounts by increasing energy efficiency and conservation.

F3.0.3 L3 text: Energy efficiency uses new technologies to reduce the use of fuel or electricity. Energy conservation consists of actions we take to reduce our energy use.

F3.0.3 labels: Energy meter, cost

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F3.0.3 Artifact beside active loft meter

Watt-hour MeterThomson Houston Electric Co.Lynn, Massachusetts, United States1890Artifact no. 1992.3062F3.0.3 Artifact Caption: Until first watt-hour meters were developed around 1890, electricity bills were based on vague estimates. Watt-hour meters allowed to measure energy consumption more precisely.

F3.0.3 graph: “Hockey stick” graph inside a loft that shows consumption of energy going up drastically in the 1950s. See page 3 on F3 Road to Overconsumption panel from Energy: Power to Choose in reference images on Google Drive.

F3.0.3 GCap (could be illustrate with historical images): We didn’t become energy dependant overnight. Our consumption has increased steadily for much of the twentieth century, and particularly since the 1950s.

F3-1 Canada’s energy mix map. Visitors look out the loft window and see a large map which shows the location of sources from which Canada produces its energy.

On wall above map: F3-1 L2 title: Canada’s energy mixF3-1 L2 text: When it comes to energy resources, Canada is a giant. We are rich in renewable and non-renewable sources of energy and we use a mix of these to power our lives.

F3-1-1 infographic (infographic with icons, depicted like art on wall close to map) F3-1-1 infographic title: Where do the energy sources come from?(One sun with arrows down to all of the different sources – to draw out for team).

Hydro← Water ←Sun (fusion)Ocean Energy (Tidal and Currents) ←Water←Moon (gravitational)Nuclear ←Uranium ores ←U ← supernovaeOil ← underground deposits of hydrocarbons ← dead organisms ←Biomass (food) ←Sun (fusion) ↖Earth’s heat and pressure

Natural gas ← underground deposits of hydrocarbons ← dead organisms ←Biomass (food)←Sun (fusion) ↖Earth’s heat and pressure Coal ←underground coal beds and seams ← C ← plants ← Sun (fusion) ↖Earth’s heat and pressureWind ← Sun (fusion)Solar ← Sun (fusion)Biomass ← plants, waste ←Sun (fusion)

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Geothermal ← primordial heat deep inside Earth ← colliding cosmic matter ↖decay of radioactive elements deep inside Earth ← colliding cosmic matter

F 3-1-2 Energy source challenges and opportunities Coffee table photo book – keep icons and colours consistent for the book and the map): F3-1-2 title: Opportunities and challenges of the sources in Canada’s energy mix. F3-1-2 L2 text: As we transform a natural resource into energy that we use every day we impact the world around us.

Hydro: Icon Hydro image:

[Opportunities] Very efficient, converts 95% of hydropower into

electricity Renewable, abundant and reliable with long

lasting facilities. Cost-effective and relatively inexpensive to the

customer Research into new technologies and dam

design improves environmental footprint.

[Challenges]• Dams change a river’s ecosystem, affecting plants, animals and communities. • Dam construction is expensive.• Emissions from man-made reservoirs are higher than from natural bodies of water for 2-4 years

Wind icon:Wind image:

[Opportunities:]• A wind turbine pays for itself in less than a year • Lowest overall life cycle CO2 emission of all energy sources • Up to 80% of a turbine can be recycled

[Challenges:] • Storage technologies need to be improved• Does not produce energy on demand• We still need to learn more about the effects of wind farms on communities, ecosystems and the ground.

Solar icon:Solar image:

Opportunities: New research is constantly improving

performance and reducing costs and the market is growing

Panels can be installed on existing surfaces Does not emit greenhouse gases when in use Produces power during peak demand

Challenges: • Commercial solar farms alter environment impacting plants and animals. • Conversion rate is still low at approximately 15% to 21%•Storage and inverter systems need improvements

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Biomass icon:Biomass image:

Opportunities: Energy from biomass is not dependent on

one specific resource—wood, waste, plants, and animal matter are all potential sources of energy

New research is constantly improving yields, reducing costs and eliminating waste.

Challenges: Use of fertilizers, agricultural machinery,

transportation and processing increase carbon footprint

Energy, land and water are needed to grow biomass on a commercial scale, putting stress on the environment

Economic costs and energy expenditure in the life cycle need to be better assessed

Geothermal icon:Geothermal image:

Opportunities: Generally small environmental footprint Geothermal power plants can operate

continuously they have a constant source of energy and require very little down time for operations and maintenance

Challenges: Installation costs are high: The cost ranges

from $2 to $6 per watt of energy produced Resources in Canada are underdeveloped,

requiring research and public awareness is low.

Ocean icon:Ocean image:

Opportunities: Canada is one of very few countries with an

operational ocean station and expertise in this area

Movement of tides and ocean currents is predictable

Research into new technologies improves environmental footprint of ocean energy

Challenges: Estimated per watt costs for tidal power

installations is high Storage technologies need to be improved Commercial exploitation is relatively new and

many environmental effects still need to be studied

Oil icon:Oil image:

Opportunities: Relatively inexpensive and efficient energy

source Secure and reliable and with established

storage and transportation infrastructure.

Challenges: Decline in conventional oil production Extraction, processing, combustion and waste

has large environmental footprint Extracting and processing oil requires large

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Drives the Canadian economy Has generated new research on oil

exploitation and the environmental remediation techniques

amounts of fuel, contributing to an overall depletion of nonrenewable resources

Oil and gas industry accounts for 26% of Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions

Natural gas:Natural gas image:

Opportunities: The most efficient fossil fuel, with the lowest

emission and contamination impact among all fossil fuels

Well established transport and storage infrastructure

The lowest installation cost per watt among all energy sources.

Current research improves efficiencies and environmental footprint

Challenges: Natural gas from conventional reserves has

peaked with unconventional reserves being more difficult and expensive to exploit

Extraction, treatment, transport and combustion has large environmental footprint.

Some techniques such as fracking may increase risk of contamination of water sources.

Oil and gas industry accounts for 26% of Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions

Coal icon:Coal image:

Opportunities: Coal is widely available at a relatively low cost

compared to other fuels A reliable and secure source of energy with

established storage and transportation infrastructure.

Canada is the world’s second largest supplier of metallurgical coal, the coal used in steel production

Current research improves efficiencies of metallurgical coal and capture of fly ash.

Challenges: Life cycle impact on the environment is high The burning of coal has the highest CO2

emissions. Because of environmental factors,

governments have enacted policies to eliminate or limit coal-fired power generation

Nuclear Fission icon:Nuclear fission image:

Opportunities: Canada has world’s largest high grade

uranium reserves in the world, and is among the top producer

Nuclear generating plants release fewer greenhouse gases and produce virtually no pollutants that contribute to smog and acid rain

A reliable energy source Research and strict government regulations

Challenges: Radioactive waste is difficult to store safely High capital cost. Uranium mining can seriously affect entire

ecosystems Public perceives nuclear facilities as dangerous

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ensure the safety and decrease the waste of uranium mines and nuclear facilities

F3-2 ArtifactsF3-2 Artifact group title: Solar and wind power

F3-2 Artifact group caption: We are constantly developing and improving technologies to directly capture the energy from wind and the sun.

F3-2 Artifacts:

F3-2-1Selenium Photoelectric Cell1925Artifact no. 1979.0266F3-2-1 Artifact Caption: An experimental cell used at a dairy plant in Canada. This may be Canada’s earliest photoelectric cell. Photoelectric cells are activated by light waves. They are commonly used in automatic doors.

F3-2-2 Photovoltaic PanelPhillips Electronics IndustriesToronto, OntarioAround 1980Artifact no. 1983.0669F3-2-2 Artifact Caption: This is a typical crystalline silicon solar panel, the most popular panel on the market since the 1980s. This panel was part of the NRC Renewable Energy House, created to educate Canadians on renewable energy options.

F3-2-3Solar TileSRS EnergyPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, United States2010Artifact no. 2010.0091F3-2-3 Artifact Caption: Fully integrated Solé Power Tiles imitate clay roofing tiles.

F3-2-4Solar Cell (this artifact is missing from the warehouse at the moment, if we find it in time, it will be displayed)National Research Council of CanadaOttawa, Ontario2010Artifact no. 2010.0156 F3-2-4 Artifact Caption: Developed at the NRC Institute for Microstructural Sciences, this solar cell is made with an organic polymer and can be printed on a thin film

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F3-2-5Solar PanelKonarka Technologies, Inc. Lowell, Massachusetts, United States2010Artifact no. 2011.0157F3-2-5 Artifact Caption: This solar panel was printed using Polaroid film technology.

F3-2-6Semiconductor-based Solar CellsCyrium TechnologiesOttawa, Ontario2011Artifact no. I03214 to I03217 F3-2-6 Artifact Caption: These Quantum Dot Enhanced Solar Cells are among the most efficient solar cell technologies. The dots are designed to capture a specific part of the solar spectrum. As part of the company’s Concentrator Photovoltaic cells, the dots have helped create a conversion efficiency greater than 40%!

F3-2-7 New solar panel artifact:New solar panel, same panel as installed on the museum’s roof. We could provide information on what natural resources are used to make a solar panel.

F3-2-8 AGroup title: Wind

F3-2-8 Artifact Group caption (could be illustrated with an historic image): Raj Rangi and Peter South created these models of wind turbines at the National Research Council of Canada in the 1960s to test various versions of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs). Until the late 1980s, their VAWT design dominated the North American wind farms.

F3-2-9Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ModelRaj Rangi and Peter SouthOttawa, Ontario1960sArtifact no. I03204

F3-2-10Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ModelRaj Rangi and Peter SouthOttawa, Ontario1960sArtifact no. I03205

F3-2-10Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ModelRaj Rangi and Peter SouthOttawa, Ontario

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1960sArtifact no. I03206

F3-3 Energy games. Our youngest visitors can assemble a block puzzle map of Canada’s energy mix (inspired by the energy mix map) or play Canada’s energy mix tic tac toe. Instructional text and labels 30 words per game.

F3-3-1 Block puzzle map (ages 2-10) Canada’s energy mix: Looking the same as the Canada’s energy mix map viewable from the loft window. Young children can spend time assembling a replica of Canada’s energy mix map. The puzzle could be made out of wood or robust foam (or similar material). The puzzle pieces could be divided by province/territory and/or by colourful energy source logos throughout the map.

F3-3-3 Energy mix suduko: Energy mix magnetic sudoku (Ages 10+) http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/files/pdf/sudoku-en.pdf http://www.eia.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=energy_sudoku 9 sources instead of numbers. Each row can only have one symbol for the 9 sources. Audience: Older kids, adults. (need permissions)

F3-3-5 Natural resources and pop-culture pop quiz (ages 12 and up) (20 per question, 10 questions) Can be updated regularly to reflect time of yearQuiz asking pop culture questions relating to the natural resources industry. The quiz would has up to 10 questions which are answered using multiple choices – physical input such as sliders or flip panel. After each question, information would be provided relating to the correct answer. After having answered all the questions, the visitor will receive a simple score (9/10 or 90% for instance).

F3-3-7 Energy mix twister – like the classic game of twister, but the large board is made up of energy symbols. Spinner with rotating arrow and 10 energy mix icons is attached to the wall, and can be used for either twister or hopscotch.

F3-3-8 Energy mix hopscotch – one source logo per square, move to each square when you spin the rotating arrow ) On street if possible, looks like chalk drawing?

F3-3-10 Periodic table element building blocks. As part of the overall gallery theme, the periodic table blocks are present and can be used for building. Make sure have specific blocks related to hydrocarbons, solar cells, uranium etc, so that we have programmers that can come and build specific energy sources.

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http://www.eia.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=energy_sudoku


F3-3-11 Toddlers tactile scene: sun (touchable rays), clouds (soft), wind turbine can turn propeller, tactile sun (lights up when big plug is plugged in), pump for oil, water, trees, dam, rocks.

F3-4 My energy use and footprint interactive. Your daily activities require electricity and fuel from a mix of energy sources. Visitors can choose from the different activities that they do daily to get a cumulative output of the energy footprint that they use in their lives. Information visitors will get includes: how they compare with others that have done the quiz, , . At the final output screen, visitors can remove activities and see what the effect on their energy use is.

F3-4 L2 title: Mission: find out how much energy do you use in your life?F3-4 L2 text: Compare your energy lifestyle to other visitors and see where Canadians place as energy consumers.

Potential questions (Each multiple choice question has a certain # of points assigned to them, which gets summed at the end): Icon on each of the different pages/questions (not one per possible answer).

[1.] How do you get to school or work? [a.] Walk[b.] Bike[c.] Car[d.] Bus[e.] Subway[f.] Motorcycle

[2.] How often do you fly in an airplane?[a.] Never[b.] Once a year[c.] Twice a year[d.] 5 times a year[e.] More than 5 times a year

[3.] Where do you live?[a.] Apartment[b.] Townhouse[c.] House[d.] Mobile home

[4.] How many TVs do you have?[a.] 0

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[b.] 1[c.] 2[d.] 3+

[5.] How many fridges do you have?[a.] 0[b.] 1[c.] 2[d.] 3+

[6.] How often do you use your dryer?[a.] Never[b.] Rarely[c.] Once a week[d.] Every day

[7.] Which of these do you use daily? (a couple pages or one page) [a.] Kitchen stove[b.] Dishwasher[c.] Washing machine[d.] Videogame system[e.] Air conditioner[f.] Electric fan[g.] Microwave[h.] Toaster[i.] Kettle[j.] Coffee maker[k.] Hair dryer, curling iron/flat iron[l.] Hot tub

F3-4 L2 Output Page 1.

How do you compare to others who have done the quiz.o Press on graph and get more information by going deeper – is this possible?

What are your best 1? (how you compare to others, what if you answered differently) What is your biggest 1 point getters? How do Canadians compare worldwide: 4th in electricity according to IEA 2014 data. 2nd in

energy according to World Bank 2016

F4 Hydroland. Visitors explore Canada’s hydro energy past and present and must make decisions on an interactive about how to best place dams to power a city. Visitors learn about Niagara Falls and see a governor used at this site.

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Accessibility considerations.Physical Accessibility – This experience is a combination of digital and mechanical interactive. Assure appropriate reach range, clear viewing and clear knee space. Assure 70% contrast. Assure close approach to artifact.

Sensory Accessibility – Provide alternative input for energy stories.



Programming and Outreach opportunities.Hydro stories could appear on our website. A digital version of the Hydroland interactive could be developed.


F4-2 Canada’s Hydro energy. Panels located around the interactive andgovernor and the motor & generator set (50 words for each of L2 texts below)

F4-2-1 Panel 1. F4-2-1 L3 title: Hydro in Canada F4-2-1 L3 text: Canada has been built on hydro energy. Since 1800s the hydroelectric developments had defined our country. Canada accounts for approximately 12% of the world’s hydroelectric output. Hydroelectric generation is the predominant form of electricity generation in Canada, accounting for over 60% of all power generated. Quebec is the largest producer of hydroelectricity, with 93% of the province’s electricity being generated by hydro facilities. Most of Canada’s electricity comes from hydroelectric mega projects including Quebec’s La Grande project near James Bay; Niagara Falls in Ontario; the Churchill Falls project in Newfoundland, multiple projects on the Columbia River in British Columbia, and projects along Manitoba’s Nelson River. Today Canada also invests in developments of run-of-river projects, which use natural water currents in rivers, and do not require dams and reservoirs.

F4-2-2 Panel 2.F4-2-2 L3 title: How do we harness hydroelectricity?F4-2-2 Graphic: Dam, turbine, generator, etc.(Text informs graphic): Hydroelectricity is energy harnessed from falling or flowing water and converted to electricity. The amount of electricity that a hydro station can produce depends on the quantity (volume) of water that flows through a turbine and the height from which it falls (the head). Water

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moves through a perpetual cycle driven by the Sun. It evaporates from lakes and rivers, cools and condenses to form clouds, and falls back on earth. The hydroelectric plant converts energy of moving water into electricity without exhausting the source of energy.

F4-2-3 Panel 3. A Place holder for a story that may be added laterF4-2-3 L2 title: Hydro story F4-2-3 text: Stories that have previously been under-represented: women, visible minorities, youth and Aboriginal People

F4-3 The story of Niagara Falls (photo diary and artifact)F4-3 L3 title: The story of Niagara Falls F4-3 L3 text: On November 16, 1896, electricity harnessed from the waters of Niagara Falls was transmitted to Buffalo, New York—a distance of 27 kilometres. This accomplishment proved hydroelectricity could power cities far away, changing our world forever.

F4-3-1 Artifact (GovernorEscher Wyss & Co.Zurich, SwitzerlandAround 1903Artifact no. 1992.0819F4-3-1 Artifact Caption: This governor controlled the flow of water through a turbine and so controlled the speed of a hydroelectricity generating unit at Adams Power House No. 1 at Niagara Falls.

F4-3-2 ArtifactMotor and generator set, 1904Manufactured by Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USAArtifact no. 1992.2277F4-3-2 Artifact caption: Hydroelectric equipment is built to last. This powerful motor and generator set ran machinery inside the Adams Power House No. 1 at Niagara Falls for almost 60 years.

F4-3 photo diary

F4-3-1 image 1F4-3-1 image caption: Niagara Falls in 1678, R. P. Louis Hennepin

F4-3 Group caption for images 2 and 3: Cheap, plentiful power attracted hydroelectric companies and other industries to the Niagara region creating a serious stress on the environment in the early 20 th century. Close cooperation on both sides of the border helped cleanup and restore the area. Today Niagara developments are some of the best managed and cleanest in the world.

F4-3-2 image 2

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F4-3-2 image caption: Trench excavation at Sir Adam Beck 2 Station

F4-3-3 image 3 F4-3-3 image caption: Credit will be enough here F4-3-4 image 4F4-3-4 image caption: Sir Adam Beck Power Station was designed to marry the beauty of the falls with industrial developments and blend the natural and human-built environments.

F4-3-5 image 5F4-3-5 image caption: The International Niagara Board of Control regulates the water flow over Niagara to divide it between Canada and the United States, and to ensure enough water for hydropower while preserving dazzling experience for tourists.

F4-3-6 image 6F4-3-6 image caption: The development at Niagara continues. Recently, Ontario Power Generation built a tunnel under the city of Niagara to bring more water to the Sir Adam Beck Generation Stations and increase its generation capacity to power 160,000 more Ontario homes with hydro.

F5-2 Energy storage. Visitors see artifacts and images and learn that through history we have looked for ways to store energy and today we have yet to find the best solution.

F5-2 L2 title: Energy storage.

F5-2 L2 subtitle: Why is the storage of energy so important?

F5-2 L2 text: Our lifestyles mean that we depend on a continuous, available supply of energy. This means that we need a system to store the large amounts of energy that we harness from natural resources.

F5-2-1 Photo: F5-2-1 Oil Sands product tanks – Suncor

F5-2-1 photo caption: Oil is kept in large storage tanks which can be above ground (shown) or below ground.

F5-2-2 photo credit: Union Gas

F5-2-2 photo caption: Natural gas is often stored underground, in large reservoirs. These can be natural formations which have been adapted to hold pressurized natural gas.

Electricity storage:

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F5-2-3 Artifact group caption: Even though over centuries, societies have developed different ways to store energy, we are still working to develop a durable, reliable, efficient, inexpensive, and powerful enough device.

F5-2-3 Storage Artifacts: F5-2-3-1ClockGermanyAround 1800Artifact no. 1970.0534F5-2-3-1 Artifact Caption: For centuries, clocks and watches were powered by springs. Winding stores energy in the spring. As it unwinds, the spring transfers energy to the clock mechanism.

F5-2-3-2 Leyden JarArtifact no. 1984.0955F5-2-3-2 Artifact Caption: The Leyden jar, developed around 1744, is a simple form of a condenser or a capacitor, which stores electric charge.

F5-2-3-3 Watt Beam Steam Engine ModelM. H. FarrellToronto, OntarioAround 1940Artifact no. 1971.0401F5-3-3 Artifact Caption: The flywheel attached to this engine stores rotational energy and maintains a constant speed and smooth engine operation.

F5-2-3-4Voltaic Pile, 1799-1814Made by Jacques Alexandre Charles at Cabinet de Charles, Paris, FranceArtifact no. I????French name: Grande Pile de VoltaLoan from : Musée des arts et métiers (the credit line to be provided)F5-2-3-4 Artifact Caption: Alessandro Volta created the pile, an important step in the development of the battery, in 1799. The original pile contained a series of silver and zinc plates separated by cloth or cardboard soaked in salt water. Metal plates acted as electrodes and salty water as the electrolyte.

F5-2-3-5Wet Cell Paris, Franceca. 1900

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Artifact no. 1976.0157F5-2-3-5 Artifact Caption: A wet cell is a form of battery with a liquid electrolyte. Thomas Edison used a wet cell battery to power his phonograph. Photo Credit: U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service, Thomas Edison National Historic Park

F5-2-3-6CapacitorGeneral Radio Co.Concord, Massachusetts, United States1959Artifact no. 2004.0374F5-2-3-6 Artifact Caption: Capacitors can store electrical energy and release it much faster than a battery.

F5-2-3-7Powerwall Battery, 2016Made by Tesla Motors, Sparks, NevadaSold in Canada by MPower SolutionsArtifact no. 2016.

F5-2-3-7 Artifact Caption: Imagine having a battery strong enough to power your whole house. Tesla’s Powerwall is a step in the development of such a storage solution. Powerwall can be connected to a solar roofing tile to story the energy of Sun and power a 2 bedroom house for up to a day.

Props: Different common batteries – AA, AAA, C, D, watch, F5-2-3-8 Prop Group Caption: Natural resources go into even the batteries that power our common every day devices.

F6 Canada’s nuclear energy. Canada has expertise in nuclear energy, both in fusion and fission. Researchers in Canada continue to conduct high-level, advanced research into this type of energy. The Tokamak nuclear fusion reactor will be mounted on columns. On one side of the Tokamak a series of interactive stations that look like a Tokamak control panel will have visitors explore concepts crucial in achieving and containing fusion. On the other side of the Tokamak, visitors will encounter artifacts that relate to nuclear fission and magnetized target fusion. Visitors will learn about these forms of energy generation, and will try their hand at working together to simulate a fusion process inside the Tokamak.

F6 L2 title: Canada’s nuclear expertise

F6 L2 text: What is nuclear fission vs. nuclear fusion?

Nuclear fission is the process of breaking apart an atom to generate energy.

Nuclear fusion is the process of melting or joining atomic nuclei together.

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Dawn Hall, 2017-03-22,

We’ve added a brief explainer about fusion vs. fission that we will have with similar diagrams – one with uranium breaking apart, one with hydrogen fusing together.


F6 graphic – nuclear fission vs. nuclear fusion. TBC

How fission works.

How fusion works.

F6-0-1Graphic: H+H = He + Energy (See 1:09 to 1:24 of youtube video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N4yWhA1mVxA )

F6-0-1Graphic text: The mass of a single He nucleus is smaller than the mass of the two H nuclei that formed it. The extra mass is converted to energy and released. On Earth, only three lightest elements: hydrogen, helium and lithium have a chance of fusing.

Accessibility considerations.Physical Accessibility – This experience has 4 interactive stations. Please assure appropriate reach range, clear viewing to the Tokamak and clear knee space. Assure 70% contrast. Close approach to governor and images of Niagara Falls.

Sensory Accessibility – Provide alternative input for energy stories



Programming and Outreach opportunities.


F6-1 Energy visions: nuclear fusion. Canada was the second country in the world to build a nuclear fission reactor and today is one of the few countries to have an expertise in nuclear fusion, and magnetized target fusion. Visitors will find out more about the history of nuclear research in Canada and the ongoing research.

F6-1-1 The Tokamak interactive: The Tokamak nuclear fusion reactor will be mounted on columns. On one side of the Tokamak four interactive stations and a screen that look like a Tokamak control panel will have visitors explore concepts crucial in achieving and containing fusion. To “achieve the fusion” (light circulating fast and flashing inside the reactor) visitors need to complete tasks at the four stations:

F6-1-1-1 L3 title: What is Nuclear Fusion?

F6-1-1-1 L3 text: In nuclear fusion two or more atomic nuclei join together to form a single nucleus. Nuclear fusion happens constantly in active stars including our sun.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N4yWhA1mVxA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N4yWhA1mVxA


F6-1-1-2 graphic text: Nuclear fusion – making the energy of the Sun on Earth

The natural atmospheric temperatures and pressures of Earth are not appropriate for fusion to occur. It needs to be millions of degrees Celsius and high pressure. Scientists strive to develop technologies – like the Tokamak de Varennes – which imitate and contain the fusion process that happens in the Sun.

F6-1-1-2-1 Image of sun

F6-1-1-2-1 P cap: Nuclear scientists around the world strive to achieve controlled and sustainable fusion reaction that would produce enormous amounts of clean energy.

F6-1-1-2-2 Image: ITER collaborators (under construction, or rendering?)

F6-1-1-2-2 Image caption: The ITER initiative in France is a global collaboration on nuclear fusion. The goal of ITER is to build a large, experimental nuclear fusion reactor. If scientists can achieve controlled and sustainable fusion reactions, we could produce enormous amounts of clean energy.

The ITER initiative in France is the world-leading collaboration researching nuclear fusion.

F6-1-1-2-1 Image credit: ITER

F6-1-1-2-2 Image: ITER (under construction, or rendering?)

F6-1-1-2-2 Image caption: Nuclear fusion occurs naturally in the sun where temperatures reach millions of degrees under great pressure. But here on earth we don’t have those conditions, so scientists – like those at ITER - must continue to work to create and contain nuclear fusion.

F6-1-1-2-2 Image credit: ITER

F6-1-2 interactive:

See LED lights and hear sounds on control panel increase at each station as activity is completed. See lights leading up to Tokamak as activated and then have Tokamak light up with light spinning fast, and burst of light and sound when all 4 stations are active.

F6-1-2 interactive L3 title: The challenge of Nuclear Fusion

F6-1-2 interactive L3 subtitle: Nuclear fusion – Scientists have been trying for decades

F6-1-2 Video: on screen embedded within control panel: See video of fusion reaction: http://www.visionlearning.com/img/app/library/objects/Flash/VLObject-2747-040421040452.swf

F6-1-2 Instructional text: Can you harness the fusion process of the Sun inside the Tokamak?

F6-1-2 Artifact:

Tokamak de Varennes Nuclear Fusion ReactorHydro-QuebecVarennes, Quebec1979-1997Artifact no. 2001.0474

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Dawn Hall, 2017-03-22,

We’ve divided this into captions for 2 pictures.

http://www.visionlearning.com/img/app/library/objects/Flash/VLObject-2747-040421040452.swf


F6-1-2 Artifact caption: The Tokamak de Varennes was constructed between 1979 and 1987 and operated for ten years until 1997. High costs, lack of consistent support and provincial and federal politics led to the

F6-1-2-1 Control Station no. 1: Activate electromagnetic field

Instruction: Slide to turn on electromagnetic field.

F6-1-2-2 Control station #2: Heat it up

Visitors using a spin interface to increase the temperature which in turn, makes the molecules go faster. Increase temperature on dial to 150,000,000C http://www.iter.org/sci/whatisfusion - could.

Instruction: Spin dial to increase temperature.

F6-1-2-3 Control station #3: Activate vacuum. Visitors pump air out of the Tokamak to create a vacuum. Visitors would see a sign switch from inactive to active when the vacuum is engaged, and can see a pressure gauge go down as the vacuum increases.

Instruction: Pump out the air to create a vacuum.

F6-1-2-4 Control station #4: Speed it up

Instruction: Move thruster (like airplane) to get molecules moving at top speeds required for fusion.

Output: See atoms smashing together, fusing, releasing energy.

F6-2 Nuclear fission: see Power to choose graphic (not timeline, just graphic at bottom) https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B9aEt2IKBZhoMXNHMEszQ1FpaEk

F6-2 graphic: Nuclear fission depicted graphically similar to how we explain nuclear fusion:

F6-2 L3 graphic title: What is nuclear fission? F6-2 graphic informative text: Nuclear fission breaks apart an atom, usually uranium, to generate energy. When the atom is struck by a neutron, it splits apart and releases energy, radiation and more neutrons. These neutrons form a chain reaction, striking other atoms of uranium.

Panel above counter rail.

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https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B9aEt2IKBZhoMXNHMEszQ1FpaEk

http://www.iter.org/sci/whatisfusion


F6-2 Prop: U element cube, or popped out periodic tableF6-2 Illustration with caption: How is uranium formed? Supernovae explosion origin, element created, consolidated into earth

F6-2-1 Artifact: DosimeterNational Dosimetry ServicesOttawa, Ontario2010Artifact no. 2010.0157F6-2-1 Artifact Caption: Dosimeters measure employees’ overall exposure to radiation in a uranium mine or a nuclear power plant.

F6-2-2 Artifact: DosimeterAtomic Energy Canada LimitedChalk River, Ontario1994Artifact no. 1995.1563F6-2-2 Artifact Caption: Dr. Brockhouse, who conducted his research at the Atomic Energy of Canada Chalk River Nuclear Laboratory, was a co-winner of 1994 Nobel Prize in physics.

F6-2-3 Image: F6-2-3 Cigar Lake Uranium mining F6-2-3 Image caption: Canada is among the three largest producers of uranium in the world and supplies over 20% of the world’s uranium demands.

F6-2-4 Artifact: Prototype Fuel Rod for ZEEP ReactorGeorge KleinCanada1945Artifact no. I02163F6-2-4 Artifact caption (Text from F6 Zeep panel to be reused): Nuclear power is a young industry. Canada’s ZEEP (Zero Energy Experimental Pile) reactor only produced its first watt of power on September 5, 1945, making it the first operational reactor in Canada, and the second in the world. ZEEP put Chalk River, Ontario on the atomic map, and led to a whole new industry in Canada.

Graphic arrows leading to artifact #2.

F6-2-5 artifactFuel Bundle for a CANDU Nuclear ReactorAtomic Energy Canada Ltd.Canada1975Artifact no. 1989.0002

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F6-2-5 Artifact caption (Text from F6 Zeep panel to be reused): The research required to build ZEEP ultimately spurred construction of the CANDU (CANada Deuterium Uranium) reactor. Canadian designed and built, CANDU reactors use natural uranium — easing fuel fabrication, and eliminating the need for uranium enrichment facilities.

Arrows from Candu artifact lead to L3 shout-out texts: F6-2-5-1 L3 shout out. Nuclear energy (Text from F6 Zeep panel to be reused): Canada’s facilities produce energy.

Canadian nuclear facilities provide reliable energy. Nuclear reactors produce approximately 17% of Canada’s electricity.

Used nuclear fuel bundles in Canada are currently sealed in concrete silos and lead-lined casks. The used fuel remains radioactive for thousands of years.

In Canada, one quarter of a nuclear reactor’s construction cost is spent on safety measures such as core barriers, and safety systems and their backups.

F6-2-5-2 L3 shoutout. Medical isotopes and pure research (Text from F6 Zeep panel to be reused):Canada’s facilities produce medical material and conduct pure research.

Irradiation technology sterilizes more than 40% of all single-use medical supplies in the world. Canada is an important producer of Cobalt-60, an isotope used to treat various cancers. More than 5,000 diagnostic tests per day in Canada require radiation.

F6-3 Magnetized Target Fusion F6-3 L3 Title: Magnetized target fusionF6-3 L3 text: Scientists are looking at other ways of achieving nuclear fusion. Magnetized target fusion contains and compresses deuterium and tritium with a magnetic field. The resulting plasma is then injected into a molten mixture of lead-lithium, and subjected to acoustic shockwaves that create the conditions required for fusion.

F6-3 Artifact: Magnetized target fusion Proof-of-Principle deviceGeneral Fusion Inc.Burnaby, British Columbia2003Artifact no. I03207F6-3 Artifact Caption: Canadian company General Fusion is exploring the commercial possibilities of Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF). The MTF reactor would consume little natural resources and produce no radioactive waste.


F7 Light bulb interactive sculpture.

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Accessibility considerations.Physical Accessibility – This experience is above accessible viewing height. Assure controls on second level are with clear knee space and reach range and easy to use.

Sensory Accessibility – Assure lights do not have ‘strobe’ timing. This is a very visual experience. Are there ways to have sound or touch incorporated – i.e. a station where visitors can hear artistic representation of the light bulbs? Visitors can trigger the light bulbs by touching a replica?

Intellectual AccessibilityAccessibility Exemptions: Entire sculpture is outside of maximum viewing range from the exhibition floor.Programming and Outreach opportunities.These light bulbs could be triggered via the internet, allowing people from across Canada (or around the world) to control the internal space of the gallery.

F7 L2 title: Interactive lighting F7 L2 text: Look up! Light bulbs are the ultimate metaphor of energy at your fingertips. This interactive sculpture features over 1700 light bulbs including a mix of artifacts dating back to the 1880s and functioning modern light bulbs.

Want to control the structure? Visit the level 2 mezzanine or login from our webpage *link*

F7 Artifact tombstone:

F7 Artifact caption: This sculpture contains light bulbs producing illumination using natural resources such as carbon, mercury, sodium, tungsten, tantalum, and lithium,

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