Rice Water Management Management and Its Imp… · root seminal roots pendimethalin injury. Timing...
Transcript of Rice Water Management Management and Its Imp… · root seminal roots pendimethalin injury. Timing...
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Rice Water Management:Its Impact on Pest Management
and HarvestLATMC
February 11, 2010
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Types of Rice Culture Based on Water Management
• Upland rice – planted dry, flooded by rainfall, usually on steep slopes or where rainfall, usually on steep slopes or where water unreliable
• Lowland rice – also called paddy rice, fields surrounded by water retaining barriers or levees to maintain water in ponded situation
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Primary Purpose of Growing Rice in Flooded FieldsFlooded Fields
Weed Control
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Water Management Systems
• Water Seeded– Continuous flood
• Dry Seeded– Delayed flood
– Delayed flood– Pinpoint flood
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Continuous Flood• Rice is water seeded• Shallow flood maintained• Rice must be above water by 4th
leaf• Water level raised as plants
grow
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Pinpoint Flood• Rice is water seeded• Field is drained briefly (3-5 days)• Shallow flood established• Shallow flood established• Rice must be above water by 4th
leaf• Water level raised as plants grow
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Delayed Flood• Also called prolonged drainage• Rice water or dry seeded• Field may be flushed• Permanent flood not established
until rice is 4 to 5 leaf
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When should rice be flooded?
As soon as possible
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Why flood early?• Better weed control• Better nutrient utilization• Better nutrient utilization• Earlier maturity
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Flushing
The addition of water to a field to the point of saturation of the soil the point of saturation of the soil surface without maintaining or holding a flood on the field. Essentially a rapid flood immediately followed by a rapid drain.
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Water Management – Supply
• Must have adequate supply• Must be able to flush in 2 to 4 days• Must be able to flush in 2 to 4 days• Must be able to flood in 3 to 5 days
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Water Management - Timing
• Knowing when to flood and when to drain is critical
• Old “Rule of Thumb” often correct• Old “Rule of Thumb” often correct– If flooded and problems, drain– If drained and problems, flood
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Effect of Water Management System on Rice Establishment
• Continuous flood Poor• Continuous flood Poor• Pinpoint flood Fair• Delayed flood Good
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Effect of Water Management System on Red Rice Suppression
• Continuous flood Good• Continuous flood Good• Pinpoint flood Fair• Delayed flood Poor
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Water Management – Depth
• Water depth critical especially in seedling stages
• 2” difference in surface elevation can make • 2” difference in surface elevation can make or break stand establishment
• Uniformity of depth more important than average depth
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Water Seeded Rice Seeds Germinating
Radicle emerging
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All Rice Herbicides Work Better With Work Better With
Water
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Water Effects on Foliar Applied Herbicides
• Rapidly growing healthy rice plant more tolerantmore tolerant
• Rapidly growing healthy weed more susceptible
Contradiction?
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Physiological Response• Healthy rice plants have ability to
either metabolize or prevent the metabolism of herbicidemetabolism of herbicide
• Healthy weeds lack ability to do either and take it up rapidly for effective dose
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Herbicide “Activation” of Soil Applied Herbicides
• Distribute herbicide evenly• Gets herbicide into soil solution• Gets herbicide into soil solution• Moves herbicide below soil surface
– Prevents UV breakdown– Reduces oxidation breakdown
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mesocotyl
soil line
secondary roots
primary root
seminal roots
pendimethalin injury
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Timing - Water
• May depend upon management system
• Delaying flood• Delaying flood– May help in rice water weevil
suppression– Will reduce red rice suppression– May reduce weed control in general
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Cocodrie2002
Distribution of Rice Water Weevil Larvae Per Soil Core and Effect on Yield in Early
vs Late Flooded Rice
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Cocodrie2002
Distribution of Rice Water Weevil Larvae Per Soil Core and Effect on Yield in Early
vs Late Flooded Rice
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Crown nodes
Here three crown nodes are clearly visible with a fourth starting to form.
Crown nodes
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Green ring
The appearance of chlorophyll accumulation at the internode between the fourth and fifth crown node (usually) signals internode ringsignals internode elongation – the change from vegetative to reproductive development.
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Drain Timing for Harvest
• Silt loam soils – when 2/3 of panicle straw colored
• Clay soils – when ½ of panicle straw • Clay soils – when ½ of panicle straw colored
• Grain moisture between 30 & 33%• In dry season may let plants use water –
stop pumping
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2/3 panicle ripe ½
panicle panicle ripe
Silt loamSilt loam clayclay
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