Rice Drying Mechanism

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Rice Drying Mechanism

ME490A Senior Design Project

Professor A. J. de Ruyter

Fall 2007

Rodolfo Gonzalez

Department of Mechanical Engineering

San Diego State University

e-mail:[email protected]

Sokha Sim



e-mail: [email protected]

Vladimir Sinaniz



e-mail: [email protected]

Advisor

Morteza Monte Mehrabadi, Ph. D



e-mail:[email protected]

The information contained herein is the exclusive property of SDSU and constitute confidential

proprietary information which shall not be used,


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duplicated, or disclosed to any third party without the prior written consent from the Dept of

Mechanical Engineering, or unless otherwise indicated

on the document header.

Table of Content

Abstract. .. Pages 3

Project Definition ... Pages 4-5

Functional Specifications ... Pages 6-7

Assembly/Part Drawings.... Pages 7-13

Bill of Materials ..........Pages14-16

Basic Concepts........Pages 17-21

Design Analysis......Pages 22-27

Task List ... Pages 28-30

Conclusion ...... .Pages 30

Reference Material ...Pages 31-34






SENIOR PROJECT ABSTRACT

TITLE: RICE DRYING MECHANISM

DOCUMENT NO.

MESP 0002

PRINTED: 12.01.07


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A

2.13.2007

Initial template release

A. J. de Ruyter

This semester a solar dryer with a duct system was designed. Very similar to the one on this

web site:

http://www.buildvision.dk/pdf/inspection_of_solar_dryers_in_ghana.pdf

The difference with this design is that is has a mechanical mixer to slowly mix the rice as heated

air is blown from the bottom since mechanical mixing was recommended in a few articles when

there is little heat addition. Preliminary designs were made for a weight winding mechanism to turn

the mixer similar to the mechanism in a grandfather clock. If for some reason this mechanism is

unable to work properly a small motor will have to be used. A manual mixer would be easier to

design but our advisor advised against it since he pointed out that people would be less likely toaccept a mechanism that required significant additional manual labor. As for additional heat it was

elected to use a small electric dryer for emergencies. The reason for this is that upon review of

several fuels such as diesel, propane, wood and rice hulls most were found to be tricky to work with.

It was previously concluded that building an efficient Biomass Furnace would have been the best

option for having additional heat. The only problems with that idea was that samples of the actual

biomass that would be used were not readily available so as to accurately design a delivery system

and the expertise needed to properly design a inexpensive biomass furnace that was also eco

friendly was also a determining factor. A small generator to power the fan is the planned power


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source and if necessary will also power a small electric heater for emergencies. Trying to use a

watermill to generate additional electricity was also considered but we determined it could not be

assumed that there would always be a stream readily available to generate enough electricity. The

prototype design that is planed next semester is going to be Scale in that only one drying station is

planned and for full scale drying four full setups would have to be combined in one room four times

as wide. One issue that was not addressed was rice storage before and after drying. It is believe that

the form that the rice is stored before drying would also help the overall drying time and that

modified bins could aid in the removal of additional moisture as well as preventing additional

moisture reenetering the rice.






SENIOR PROJECT DEFINITION

TITLE: RICE DRYING MECHANISM

DOCUMENT NO.

MESP 0002

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2.13.2007


A. J. de Ruyter

TEAM MEMBERS

NAME

EMAIL ADDRESS

PHONE NUMBER

Rodolfo Gonzalez

[email protected]

(619) 474-8635

Sokha Sim

[email protected]

(619) 286-2089

Vladimir Sinaniz

[email protected]

(619) 660-1678

1 SPONSOR

EWB National Chapter

[email protected]

2 FACULTY ADVISOR

Morteza Monte Mehrabadi, Ph. D

Phone: (619) 594-2450

Fax: (619) 594-3599


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Email: [email protected]

3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

In areas where many communities grow rice, such as those in tropical Asia, most farmers dry

the rice after harvesting it on "multi-purpose drying pavement". In most cases, this is the local road.

With frequent rains, the farmers must move the rice quickly and often. If the rain continues, the rice

is lost, not to mention the rice lost from vehicles driving over it.

The percentage of the crop lost could be as high as 10%. This problem has been identified by

the Philippines Ministry of Agriculture. The local agricultural






engineer has a prototype dryer the farmers can use to dry crops even when it rains.

It is quite interesting - the primary source of energy being the rice hulls and a small dieselengine to drive the fan.

4 ESTABLISHED WORK

Rice: Chemistry and Technology edited by Bienvendio O. Juliano

Research rice drying methods and patents.

Work to be utilized includes periodic meetings, library and patent research, and designing using

various softwares such as SolidWorks, MATLAB, LabView.Definition_RDM_Senior Project

Definition_SIM

5 SCOPE OF WORK

The dryer needs improvements, which could be done by members of Engineers Without

Borders. The area is safe, there are numerous contacts already established, and there is a Peace

Corp volunteer in the area for the next two years that could help with the project. There is a

possibility to developing drying rice mechanism without said prototype.


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Anticipated research of rice drying methods.

Analysis of rice drying mechanism patents.

Designing our own type of rice drying mechanism, or improve the prototype.

Fabrication and testing will be done after design process is complete.

Special documentation may be needed to provide to fit EWB-USA design criteria.

6 DELIVERABLES

Project documentation such as National Brand Computation Notebook, 74 sheets numbered,

4x4 quad for notes, sketches, research, and contact date. Other documentation is a 3-ring binder

used to store printed research and other miscellaneous data.

Reports include meeting with senior project advisor, senior project professor, EWB-SDSU

chapter, EWB advisor, and presentation to senior project classmates.

Prototype will need to be developed and test data.

7 TARGET DATES

10-23-07: Most of the trade research should be completed.

10-30-07: Preliminary design phase must commence.

12-4-07: Preliminary design must be completed and ready to be presented.

8 FUNDING

Partial to full funding by EWB.

Possibly self funded.






FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS


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PROJECT: Rice Drying Mechanism

DOCUMENT NO.

MESP 0003

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2.27.2007


A. J. de Ruyter

1. Environment

Application Domestic Rice Dryer

Standards JSAM Standards

ASAE Standards

Temperature 0F to 110 F, non-operating

77 F to 100 F operating

Humidity 71 to 85% RH

2. Interface


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Machine Switch color-coded-green, on-off for all, except Backup Heater

Back-up Heater color-coded-red, switch on-off only

Fan Dial color-coded-blue, adjustable speed

Speed Range Dial ranging from 0 to 3 m/s

Cleaning Fan easy to clean and disassemble

Mixer should be easy to clean

3. Performance

Temperature control non (fan speed controls overall temperature). The

Back up heater will have independent temp control

Compensation Up to 50% increased fan speed when heater is not used

Mixer failure Weights reset or motor speed increase

Capacity 50-65 rice pound load

Air inlet 12 mph max

Flow Rate, Medium 1-3 m3/min The information contained herein is the exclusive property of

SDSU and constitute confidential proprietary information which shall not be used,




4. Other

Mixer Sand cast metal

Spring loaded assembly

Plus 200 lbs. load capability

Belt driven mixer

Attachable to a weight or motor system


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Handles 3x1x6 cast iron steel with 6 in handle

Bin Dumping action movement

Held the bin bed in place by handles The information contained herein is the exclusive property

of SDSU and constitute confidential proprietary information which shall not be used,




ASSEMBLY/PART DRAWINGS


DOCUMENT NO.

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2.27.2007


A. J. de Ruyter


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Note: The following drawings are meant to give a general preview of the proposed design. For a

more detailed representation the drawings and assemblies in the drawings folder that accompany

this repot should be viewed using SolidWorks 2007.


















duplicated, or disclosed to any third party without the prior written consent from the Dept ofMechanical Engineering, or unless otherwise indicated







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Bill of Materials

QTY/ASSEMBLY

ITEM

PART #

DESCRIPTION

-01

1

Casing

Casing, Rectangular/tryangular roof

-02

2

Rice_bin

Container/Mixer

-03

3

mixer

Mixer, Cylinder

1


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1

1

4

Rice_bin_Mixer_Pin

Connet mixer to belt

1

2

5

Rice_bin_Blade_outer_seal

Protect bin and makes it tide

1

1

6

Rice_bin_Blade_inner_seal

Seal pin with bin mixer

7

Rice_bin_Lid

Rectangalar shape with air flow exit

8

Mixer_air inlet

Screem seal to maintain rice in place

9

Turning_handle


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ratoate to unload and reset bin

10

back_bin_ front_holder

Holds bin Upright

11

back_bin_holder

Holds bin Upright

12

ductWork_SIM

Airflow to the mixer

13

solar collector

Solar Collertor

14

solar collector lid

Protect Solar Collector

15

outer holter

Holds handle in place connected to wall

16

outre _holder handle

Protects bin from falling over

17


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dispensing bin

Rice Bed Bin

18

Gas Generator

19

Fan

20

Motor

21

Flexible Air duct

Document number:

BOMPA001

Item

SIZE (in)

MATERIAL

COST

VENDOR

1

36x72x52

Wood

150

McMaster-Carr

2


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23x30x31

Stainless Steel

100

McMaster-Carr

3

16 Dia x 23.75 H

Cast Alloy Steal

35

McMaster-Carr

4

1.5 Dia x 4.75 H

Cast Alloy Steal

10

McMaster-Carr

5

4 Dia x 2.5 H

Stainless Steel

20

McMaster-Carr

6

8 Dia x 1.05 H

Stainless Steel

20


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McMaster-Carr

7

19x2x25

Stainless Steel

15

McMaster-






Carr

8

12 Dia x 1 H

Stainless Steel

10

McMaster-Carr

9

12 Dia x 1 H

Stainless Steel

35

McMaster-Carr

10

14x31x4.5


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Stainless Steel

50

McMaster-Carr

11

14x31x4.6

Stainless Steel

50

McMaster-Carr

12

20x71x45

Sheet Metal

120

McMaster-Carr

13

36x4x55

Wood

45

McMaster-Carr

14

36x.1x55

Plastic / Vynal

10

McMaster-Carr


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15

10x4x7

Wood

20

McMaster-Carr

16

6x6x6.5

Wood

10

McMaster-Carr

17

19x7.18x20

Stainless Steel

30

McMaster-Carr

18

Standard

400

Home Depot

19

Standard

20

Home Depot


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20

Standard

100

Home Depot

21

Standard

Alumium

10

Home Depot

$1,260.00

Estimated

Item

WEIGHT (lbs.)

1

100

2

20

3

1.5

4

0.5

5

1


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6

1

7

0.5

8

2

9

3






10

7

11

5

12

20

13

20

14

5

15


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1

16

1.5

17

2.5

18

19

20

21






DOCUMENT NO.MESP 0005 RELEASED: 3.14.2007 CONFIDENTIALITY: NOT PROPRIETARY, OK TO

DISTRIBUTE. PAGE 1 OF N


Design Requirements

Hard

Heat Output

Adjustable

x to y kW

Fan Speed

Adjustable


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x to y m/s

Container

Constant

protect from outside environment

Container

Constant

Insulated material

Mixer

Stable

Stable during spin

Rice Bed

Ease

Easy pour in and out

Rice Bed

Constant


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Fan Speed

Adjustable

Specific output speed for Rice sensitivity






Concept 1

Rotating Rod Mixer

Has blades to mix during rotation

Solar Heater

Fan

Blows from left to right

Rice Bed

Rice enters from opposite side of fan & heater



duplicated, or disclosed to any third party without the prior written consent from the Dept ofMechanical Engineering, or unless otherwise indicated


Concept 2

Rice Dryer Bed

Rice will sit below while air blows up and out

Air Channel


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Allows for hot air to move up the channel

Reflective Solar Heater

Uses reflectors to increase heat production

Fan

Fan will be powered






Concept 3

Solar Collector

Position to collect solar energy at optimal angle

Mixer

Rolling wheels, container spins for mixing

2 x Hydraulics

Hydraulics for pouring in and out

Backup Heater

Electric Heater with on-off switch

Generator

To power fan

Fan

Fan below to pus


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Evaluation of Concepts

Concept 1

Concept 2

Concept 3

Characteristics

Size

Portable

Not Portable

Portable

Weight

>50 lbs

>50lbs

>50lbs

Vertical

Low

Highest

Medium

Performance

Stability


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Medium

Low

Highest

Height adjust

None

None

Yes

Efficiency

Medium

Medium

Highest

Cost

Medium

Medium

Medium

Manufacturability

Medium

Medium

High

Ease of use

Low

Low

Highest


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DOCUMENT NO.MESP 0004 RELEASED: 12.01.2007 CONFIDENTIALITY: OK TO DISTRIBUTE. PAGE

6 OF 6 DOCUMENT NO. MESP 0004 RELEASED: 12.01.2007 CONFIDENTIALITY: OK TO DISTRIBUTE.

PAGE 1 OF 6

Rice Bin Mixer Pin: Loading

Mass (lbs)

Height (in)

Length (in)

Mass (kg)

Gravity (m/s^2)

Force on pin (N/m^2)

200

1.75

4.75

90.71

9.81

890

Material: Cast Alloy Steel

Force is applied on the pin. The information contained herein is the exclusive property of SDSU

and constitute confidential proprietary information which shall not be used,


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Rice Bin Mixer Pin:Stress

Mass (lbs)

Height (in)

Length (in)

Mass (kg)

Gravity (m/s^2)


200

1.75

4.75

90.71

9.81

890






Rice Bin Mixer Pin:Strain

Mass (lbs)

Height (in)


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Length (in)

Mass (kg)

Gravity (m/s^2)


200

1.75

4.75

90.71

9.81

890






Mixer: Loading

Mass (lbs)

Diameter

Length (in)

Mass (kg)

Gravity (m/s^2)


200

1.5


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1.25

90.71

9.81

890

Material: Cast Alloy Steel

Force is applied on the mixer pin.






Mixer:Stress

Mass (lbs)

Height (in)

Length (in)

Mass (kg)

Gravity (m/s^2)


200

1.75

4.75

90.71

9.81

890


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Mixer:Strain

Mass (lbs)

Height (in)

Length (in)

Mass (kg)

Gravity (m/s^2)


200

1.75

4.75

90.71

9.81

890






Task List



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DOCUMENT NO.

MESP 0004

RELEASED: 12.01.2007

CONFIDENTIALITY:

OK TO DISTRIBUTE.

PAGE 1 OF 1

Task

Description

1.00

Research

1.01

Prior art

Sun drying, Solar drying, Biofuel, Electric

1.02

Technology

Fan, Solar collector, Generator, Mixer

1.03

Theory

Hygroscopic Rice, Rice drying theories

1.04

Patents

Rice Drying Machine (PN#4270280)

1.05


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Publications

McClaren Issue date: Jun 2, 1981

1.06

Standards

JSAM Standard

1.07

Available Products

Delta Rice Dryer

1.08

Project Definition

Replace Sun drying with Rice Drying Mechansm

1.09

Functional Specs

Air flow, heat flow, heat output, mixer

2.00

Design

2.01

Brainstorm ideas

Solar powered, wind powered, gas powered

2.02

Consult experts

Advisor Dr. Mehrabadi

2.03


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Develop Concepts

Developed 3 concepts

2.04

Evaluate Concepts

Material selection, models cost, pros and cons

2.05

Design review

Dr. Mehrabadi, Dr. A. J. de Ruyter, individuals

2.06

Select design

Combined to one model

2.07

Create 3D model

Modeled in SolidWorks

2.08

Design review

Dr. Mehrabadi

2.09

Consult manufacturer

Delta and Solar Power

2.10

Evaluate cost

Product and material cost


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2.11

Finalize design

Assembled and analyzed

3.00

Analysis

3.01

Loading diagram

50 lbs on support material

3.02

Weights

Weight of mixer, rice, and rod mixer

3.03

Dynamics

Movement of mixer container and rod mixer

3.04

Stress & strain

Stress and strain analysis on the supports

3.05

Thermal

Backup heater, solar collector heat

3.06

Fatigue

Rod mixer, support


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3.07

Review by expert

Dr. Mehrabadi

4.00

Drawings

4.01

Assembly

Assembled parts in SolidWorks

4.02

Parts

SolidWorks: solar collector, casing, duct The information contained herein is the exclusive

property of SDSU and constitute confidential proprietary information which shall not be used,




4.03

Schematic

Used Google Sketchup for concepts

4.04

BOM

SolidWorks drawings

5.00

Prototype

5.01


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Obtain material

ME490B Spring 2008

5.02

Write special instructions

ME490B

5.03

Fab parts

ME490B

5.04

Purchase parts

ME490B

5.05

Assembly

ME490B

ME490B

6.00

Test

ME490B

6.01

Define equipment needs

ME490B

6.02

Define test conditions


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ME490B

6.03

Write test procedure

ME490B

6.04

Obtain equipment

ME490B

6.05

Test 1

ME490B

6.06

Test 2

ME490B

6.07

Evaluate test data

ME490B

6.08

Process test results

ME490B

ME490B

7.00

Documentation

ME490B


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7.01

Procedures

ME490B

7.02

Manual

ME490B

7.03

Engineering Specs

ME490B

7.04

Cost summary

ME490B


Help

WBS

Tasks

Start

End

Calendar Days

Status

.

Spring Semester 2007

..


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1.00

Research

9/11/07

10/9/07

29

x

1.01

Prior art

9/11/07

10/27/07

47

.

completed

1.02

Technology

9/11/07

10/27/07

47

.

completed

1.03

Theory

9/11/07


42/57

10/27/07

47

.

completed

1.04

Patents

9/11/07

10/27/07

47

.

completed

1.05

Publications

9/11/07

10/27/07

47

.

completed

1.06

Standards

9/11/07

10/27/07

47


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.

completed

1.07

Available Products

9/11/07

10/27/07

47

.

completed

1.08

Project Definition

9/19/07

10/27/07

39

.

completed

1.09

Functional Specs

10/3/07

10/9/07

7

.

completed


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..

2.00

Design

9/19/07

11/20/07

63

x

completed

2.01

Brainstorm ideas

9/19/07

10/9/07

21

.

completed Activate/De-activ






2.02

Consult experts

9/19/07

10/9/07


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21

.

completed

2.03

Develop Concepts

9/19/07

10/27/07

39

.

completed

2.04

Evaluate Concepts

10/28/07

10/30/07

3

.

completed

2.05

Design review

10/30/07

10/30/07

1

.


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completed

2.06

Select design

10/30/07

10/30/07

1

.

completed

2.07

Create 3D model

10/31/07

11/12/07

13

.

completed

2.08

Design review

11/12/07

11/12/07

1

.

completed

2.09


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Consult manufacturer

11/13/07

11/13/07

1

.

completed

2.10

Evaluate cost

11/13/07

11/20/07

8

.

completed

2.11

Finalize design

11/20/07

11/20/07

1

.

In Progress

..

3.00

Analysis


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10/10/07

11/30/07

52

x

completed

3.01

Loading diagram

10/10/07

10/30/07

21

.

In Progress

3.02

Weights

10/10/07

10/30/07

21

.

completed

3.03

Dynamics

10/31/07

11/30/07


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31

.

In Progress

3.04

Stress & strain

10/31/07

11/30/07

31

.

completed

3.05

Thermal

10/31/07

11/30/07

31

.

In Progress

3.06

Fatigue

10/31/07

11/30/07

31

.


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completed

3.07

Review by expert

11/23/07

11/23/07

1

.

completed

..

4.00

Drawings

11/12/07

11/27/07

16

x

completed

4.01

Assembly

11/13/07

11/20/07

8

.

completed


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4.02

Parts

11/20/07

11/27/07

8

.

completed

4.03

Schematic

11/13/07

11/20/07

8

.

In Progress

4.04

BOM

11/13/07

11/20/07

8

.

completed

..

Finals


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12/3/07

12/11/07

9

x

completed

Oral Presentation

12/4/07

12/4/07

1

.

completed

Submit Project Files

12/11/07

12/11/07

1

.

completed

End

Project Title:


Project Manager:

Rodolfo Gonzalez, Sokha Sim, Vladimir Sinaniz

Last Update Date:


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12/4/2007

Template

XL-EasyGantt V2.2

Notes:

ME490A Fall 2007






Conclusion

The final proposed design is not yet concluded. The testing of a possible weight winding system

is currently in progress. As well as the testing of the amount of heat addition for the solar reflector

so as to determine if its size has to be increased or if mirrors would have to be added to increase the

heat addition. We are working under the assumption that additional airflow and mechanical mixing

would be enough to generate adequate rice drying while still maintaining quality and still keep the

cost of drying the rice low, despite the proposed heat addition being relatively low. We are also

working under the assumption that there would be little or no electricity in the areas where the

proposed rice dryer is to be built. For these reasons the final generator and fan specifications will be

the last ones to be concluded since these will be purchased and could limit the final design

parameters. We will continue to look for ways to improve the design up and till the prototype has

been built and tested. The construction of this drying mechanism will produce a final design thatcould aid in the rice drying of underdeveloped regions as well as providing a starting point for other

groups to continue the development of a more comprehensive drying mechanism and or make

improvements to this mechanism so that it can be adapted for use in a larger range of situations.






54/57


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Consortium. December 2007. .

Brain, Marshall. "How Hydraulic Machines Work." Howstuffworks. November 2007. 1 April

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Car Hydraulics. ZerCustoms. November 2007. 21 August 2006.

.

Cheruvanky, Rukmini. " What is Rice Bran?" ADM Alliance Nutrition, Inc. September 2007. .

Darling, David. "Flat-plate solar collector." October 2007. 1 October 2006.

.

"Dry-bulb temperature." Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. October 2007. 9 May 2007.

.

"Grain Drying."North Dakota State University College of Agriculture. October 2007. 1 November1994. .

Hall, Carl William, Brooker, Donald B., and Bakker-Arkema, Fred W. Drying and Storage of Grains

and Oilseeds. New York: Springer, 1992.

"Hydraulic Drive System." Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. November 2007. 27 November

2007. .

"Hydraulic Press." Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. November 2007. 4 December 2007..

"Humidity." Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. October 2007. 11 December 2007.

.

Janjai, Serm, and Tung, P. "Performance of a solar dryer using hot air from roof-integrated solar

collectors for drying herbs and spices." ScienceDirect. October 2007. 19 March 2005.






"Pascal's law." ENGINEERING.com Incorporated. November 2007.

.

"Pascal's Law." Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. November 2007. 21 November 2007.

.

"Principles of Rice Drying." Rice Quality Workshop 2003. September 2007. 1 April 2003. .

"Renewable Energy-based Drying." Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) in Asia. October

2007. 30 December 2005. .

"Rice in various types and forms." Koda Farms. October 2007. 1 November 2003.

.

Nave, Rod. "Pascal's Principle." HyperPhysics. November 2007. 1 August 2000.

.

"Newton's Law of Cooling." eFunda. November 2007. 10 December 2007.

.

McClaren, Jay L. Rice Drying Machine. Patent 4,270,280. 2 June 1981.

Marshall, Wayne E. and Wadsworth, James I. Rice Science and Technology. New York: Marcel

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