Ribbon fish

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Transcript of Ribbon fish

Page 1: Ribbon fish

Arnab BasuII nd semester

S.I.F.;C.U.S.A.T.

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GENERAL INFORMATION:-Ribbon fish also known as “Hair-tail” or “Cutlass

fish”.It is a leading by-catch species in India.Thin, elongated, compressed, ribbon like body,

caudal fin absent, body colour silvery with prominent canine like teeth.

Mainly marine, but some time found in the estuary.

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Taxonomic Classification:-Phylum- ChordataSubphylum- VertebrataClass- ActinopterygiiSuper-order- AcanthopterygiiOrder - Perciformes

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Ribbon fish have 4 commercially important Varity (found in Indian water) belonging under the:-

Family: Trichiuridae

Sub family: Trichiurinae

Sub family: Aphanopodinae

Sub family: Lepidopodinae

Eupleurogrammus intermediusE. muticus

Trichiurus lepturus

Lepturacanthus savala

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Lepturacanthus savala (Large-headed ribbon fish) & Distribution

Trichiurus lepturus(ribbon fish) & Distribution

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Eupleurogrammus muticus (Small-head hailtail)

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Species Length in 1st

maturity(cm)

Size-wt. Environme-nt

Climate Identifying character

Trichiurus lepturus

46.3 -47 Max length : 234 cm (M)

Marine; brackish; benthopelagic

Subtropical

•Body extremely elongate, compressed. •Dorsal fin relatively high.•Dorsal spine 3;soft ray 130-135

Eupleurogra--mmus intermedius

- - ,, - •Dorsal spine 3 & soft ray 123-129.•Caudal fin absent.•Snout elongated.

Lepturacanth-us savala

- - ,, - • Lateral line running nearer the ventral than the dorsal side of the body.• Pelvic and caudal fins absent; anal fin reduced to spinules .•Dorsal spine 3-4 & soft-ray 110 -120

E. muticus - - ,, - •Dorsal spine 3& soft ray 139 -147 •Caudal fin absent.•Snout short.

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Other Non- commercial Species:-

Trichiurus gangeticusT.russelliLepturacanthus serrattus etc.

•Among those 4 commercially important species Trichiurus lepturus is important dominating species found throughout east and west coast.

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Food & Feeding Habit

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Stage Food

Post-larvae and juveniles larvae and Small juvenile (anchovy, clupeoids, carangidae), cephalopods larvae, calanoid copepods, post larvae & larvae of penaeid prawns & shrimps, crabs, acetes etc

Adults Commercially important fish and other organisms i.e. Stolephorus spp. Kowala coval, Sardinella spp., Leioggnathus spp., Dussumieria spp., polynemids, Carnax spp., Acetes*, Penaeus & metapenaeus prawns, octopus, squilla*,crab larvae, isopods, Sepia spp., megalopa larvae etc.

•Ribbon fish are predacious, carnivorous and some time shows cannibalistic behavior and selective feeding behavior.•Feeding both during day and night.•Intensity of feeding is not related to the spawning activity.

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REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

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DIFFERENT REPRODUCTIVE STAGE OF RIBBON FISH (BAL AND RAO)

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SPAWNING SEASON

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On west coast, peak spawning season April- June. But in east coast it is February to June , peak in May.

Another is November - December.

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Spawning period of different species different.The breeding grounds of ribbonfishes are outside

the usual fishing ground; ripe fish, eggs, early embryonic stages and larval forms are not very common in inshore waters.Species No. of spawning

batches (per year)Time

Eupleurogramous intermedius

2 March- April , November & December.

E. muticus 2 ,,

Lepturacanthus savala 2 ,,

Trichiurus lepturus 12

June(Prabhu,1955)May-june & nov-

dec(Tampi et al.1971)

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FECUNDITY

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It is varies depending upon species to species.The gonads are bi-lobed & lie above the alimentary

canal.

Species No. of egg

Eupleurogramous intermedius

2249(40.9 cm) – 9950 (45 cm)

E. muticus 1327 (49.5 cm)- 2087 (55.1 cm)

Lepturacanthus savala 9178(37.0 cm) -17347 (54.0 cm)

Trichiurus lepturus 4000 (42.0 cm)- 16000 (60.0 cm)

FECUNDITY – FOR DIFFERENT SPECIES OF RIBBON FISH (BAL & RAO, 1984)

Bal, D.V and Rao, K.V (1984) Marine Fisheries, 1st Edn., p 469, Tata Mc-GrawHill Publication, New Delhi, India

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SEX RATIO

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Percentage of male is always lower than female, in the peak spawning season– April, May, August & November.

Ratio is:- 1:1.4(male:female)

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AGE AND GROWTH

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The age & growth of fish varies depending upon species to species & duration of the year.

Male grow less than female for every species.

Species Year I YearII

Eupleurogramous intermedius

20.7 cm (For Male)21.5cm(For Female)

31.6 cm (For Male)34.1cm(For Female)

Trichiurus lepturus 18cm (For Male) approx.

21.5cm(For Female) approx.

30cm(For Male) approx.

33.1cm(For Female) approx.

Lepturacanthus savala

- -

E. muticus - -Max. size for E. muticus and Lepturacanthus savala------58.4 cm &56.4 cm respectively

Bal, D.V and Rao, K.V (1984) Marine Fisheries, 1st Edn., p 469, Tata Mc-GrawHill Publication, New Delhi, India

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DISTRIBUTION

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Major and abundant fishery resource among the marine pelagic fin fishes of the Indian seas.

Distribution in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific regions and in India they are distributed all along the coast with abundance in the northwest and central east coasts.

In India T. lepturus found both east & west coast---dominating species. Contributed about 92 -95%.

Gujarat, Andhrapradesh, West-bengal, northern Maharastra, south-east cost of Tamilnadu, karnataka, Kerala etc are important landing centre.

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FISH & FISHERY

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The ribbonfish landing in India has shown an increasing trend with considerable annual fluctuations.

Average Landing(‘000 tonnes)-Throughout the India

YEAR QUANTITY

1961- 1970 28.33

1971- 1980 57.32

1981- 1990 65.28

1991-2000 121.27

2001-2005 153.38

•Maximum Landings- 197.11 (2002)•Minimum Landing- 16.45 (1963)

•Landing for 2007- 114.12

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Average Landings(‘000 tonnes) -kerala

YEAR QUANTITY

3.99

8.26

19.42

15.60

10.16

7.14

18.65

18.65

19.15

1961- 1965

1966- 1970

1971-1975

1976-1980

1981-1985

1986-1990

1991- 1995

1996-2000

2001-2005

Landing for 2007 --- 11.76

Max. Landing 31.78 (2001)Min “ 0.17 (1964)

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YEAR

1976-1980

1981-1985

1986-1990

1991- 1995

1996-2000

2001-2005

Average Landings(‘000 tonnes) -ORISSA

QUANTITY

0.37

1.11

2.70

2.46

4.76

7.36

Landing for 2007 --- 8.61

Max. Landing 8.61 (2005)Min “ 0.13 (1976)

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YEAR1961- 1965

1966- 1970

1971-1975

1976-1980

1981-1985

1986-1990

1991- 1995

1996-2000

2001-2005

Average Landings(‘000 tonnes) - ANDHRA

QUANTITY

5.67

7.04

7.66

9.70

7.32

5.11

8.18

12.02

11.52

Landing for 2007---6.40

Max. Landing 20.17 (99)Min “ 2.76 (1963)

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YEAR1961- 1965

1966- 1970

1971-1975

1976-1980

1981-1985

1986-1990

1991- 1995

1996-2000

2001-2005

Average Landings(‘000 tonnes) - KARNATAKA

QUANTITY

0.21

0.27

0.35

0.78

1.14

5.33

4.03

6.03

9.77

Landing for 2007 ---15.02

Max. Landing 15.62(05)Min “ 0.02 (1964)

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YEAR

1966- 1970

1971-1975

1976-1980

1981-1985

1986-1990

1991- 1995

1996-2000

2001-2005

Average Landings(‘000 tonnes) - goa

QUANTITY

0.22

0.11

0.74

0.93

1.64

1.63

1.00

2.11

Landing for 2007 ---3.98

Max. Landing 3.98(05)Min “ 0.01 (1972)

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YEAR1961- 1965

1966- 1970

1971-1975

1976-1980

1981-1985

1986-1990

1991- 1995

1996-2000

2001-2005

Average Landings(‘000 tonnes) - maharashtra

QUANTITY

4.43

5.11

9.50

9.86

12.39

18.91

25.64

38.51

39.95

Landing for 2007 --- 13.91

Max. Landing 66.28(02)Min “ 1.78 (1962)

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YEAR1961- 1965

1966- 1970

1971-1975

1976-1980

1981-1985

1986-1990

1991- 1995

1996-2000

2001-2005

Average Landings(‘000 tonnes) - gujarat

QUANTITY

0.46

1.47

1.30

9.76

10.15

22.66

38.24

57.61

52.23

Landing for 2007 --- 43.62

Max. Landing 83.21(97)Min “ 0.29 (1962)

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YEAR

1976-1980

1981-1985

1986-1990

1991- 1995

1996-2000

2001-2005

Average Landings(‘000 tonnes) - WESTBENGAL

QUANTITY0.42

2.12

1.94

2.36

2.55

6.57

Maximum Landing- 8.02(2005)Minimum Landing-0.14(1980)Landing for 2005- 8.02

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CRAFT AND GEAR

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Basically ribbon fish is a by-catch species. So, it is come with other species….

Gear are used- Trawl net, Dol net, Gill net, Seine net, hook etc. are used throughout the India.

In kerala mainly used- Trawl net, Gill net, Seine nets.

By using trawl net ribbonfish landed 73- 74% .The gill net, purse seine and others contributed

to 15- 16% during the decade 1991-2000. For catch juvenile trawl net, boat seine and ring

seine net (mesh size less than 10mm) are used.Gear Amount(%) Year

Trawl net 74 1991-2000

Drift Gill net, Boat seine, Shore seine, Purse seine and others

16 ,,

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STATE GEAR

Andhra Pradesh Trawl net, Gill net, Seine nets

Orissa Trawl net, Gill net

Karnataka Trawl net, Seine nets

Goa Trawl net, Gill net

Maharashtra Trawl net, Dol net

Gujarat

West-bengal

Dol net, Gill net

Bag net, Trawl net, Gill net

STATE-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF GEAR :-

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MANAGEMENT:-Ribbon fish is very important species as a by-catch,

so for save this species many management options like effort regulation, closed season, closed area, gear regulation, mesh regulation.

Intensive approach also seen for ensure good brood stock, for fishery industry.

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OTHER FACTOR:-It has low price in the market, so

acceptable for poor people as a food- used as a cheap protein.

Dried ribbon fish also use as fish product.

Pearl essence formed from the guanine(present in the skin)

Frozen & dried fish both are exported China, Japan and other southeast Asian countries.

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THANK YOU