,,,,,,,,,, I'"" j 1.•",1.... /'

lI ' h lll U'<l1 II .I"()lball.l(amr lta,~ mill, J";JO, u'Ilhma a.a" mm ,,,al~ II" , II', 1''''/'''I\lo"al/''''lball. " ..., ...",h" lJ.

IQ;J~. Ih r I'. (}l" d" ,,·... 'iu"m /l " I1.... lJ. CIU'"l{" R, a", 6,,\t"nb", "I b"tll 1"'''''11 lI"d 11".. '''I'lm.UYl I",r up 101110 ... ph"'o<{,,,ph.... m til/., d...",,! flf>m II panommn l,h"I"·<{mph, T h... " ."',Id...." r ,Ir,b u-....', "" '" "'111 a S f I.(hllmpHm"hlf> m !lJ;J8

RHODE I SLAND HISTORY

Puhl i..hed Inlin RIIOIH r'l.A"'-O IU STOR ICAI. '>()(:a:TY

52 POWUI. "H~ U:T, PROVID.: ....C.:, Illloln: 1..1." .... 0

029()li a m i prinu-d 0)' a ~ra lll o f tht,STAn Of' auonr ' ''LA NIJ ,\N II P IH I\' W f:N (: .­

P I.ANH TlO''', .l- J oseph O arrahv. Governor .

Duncan H u nter xtauran . pu,ud,." tDenm.. E. S ta rk , vice p rewdrntj am es F. T wadd el l. vier pft'5ldnll

David W. Du ma '>. secrrtarvTalbot Ran to ul . a.Hulant J'Crt'taf)'

Ceorge H . C icrna. treasurerJohn H _ Dru rv. aHutant tUa.'iIHI"T

Alix'u T . Ji..h ber~ , d"utorClifford P . ~l onahon , durctor emrntus

Carl Budenba ugh . f~lIou ' 0/ the ."ion~t"

P I' 811C.~T10:>';~ CO \ I.\IITI U

Stuau C. Sh erman . chui rmanlI t'IlI Y 1..1' . Bec-k ..... i th . Jr."11 , . "tulip Dan ,WI·m ll·1I l ). (~ a ll l' ll

C h;n ll'\ F. :\1' [1

Normau W. Smith(;01t1 0!l S . Wood

ST.... t ·

Nan n Fish t'r C h ud acoff. eduorXoel P. Con lo n. mal'lQ~m.~ editor

~t ar..ha Pt'It'T\. tnctu re rdnor

ISSS : 003S·4619

lvsur-d Quarrerl v a t Providenr e. Rhode lvland .Februa rv. :\la y, :\ug: u\l. an d :"Jo \t'ml wl. Scroudcia " ! )( hl a ,l:;t" paid at P roviden, C'. Rh"tk Island .

Thr n IlIJdr ilia nd 1/ I ,I IOTl I II I .)//( U'/)' 11.\,\ Il "In nort'.llmn\l!lllltv lor uIH 7IW'I.1 of (fJ1ltrlbU((JTj.

T ..bl e o f Con rer ns

(~nrRt' T . llm •.-ning: and Desearega uonof Rhod e lvland P u b li c S< hooh.18:;S-IHtlfib,· [ _a u'Tn ,a ' Gro.umall 99

Sea Caprarn-, C.aroll',i ng in Sur inamb,· Hub~' 1 II ', Kennv 107

Rhode' h lalld \ Pro Foot ball Champion s ­192M!" O\'idenn ' Steam RolinIJv [ ohn (~ . l/og m g ia1l 11 9

From the Col k-cnons inside badt ('(Wf'T

\'(}t.t:~u: .16 :>'; l!MBf:l1. 'I s on:.\IUR 19 77

Hhud.. 1I11H1d lIutor)' l 19-l2· ) .111,1 ii' p'n1l"Cr'.....nHhod.. 1.III"d I lulor.ud S<K'''I\' (;01/..( 1" "" 119 111· 19-1 1).nltl PublulIlIe,.., Hhod.. 1>11I"d U n lm /( dl .\<K ,..n ( 1 1I9~ ­

190I I,ur ...a,!;oblr HI minolurm hum XrHn. t ·n " ....""\ lulUlilm•.~ :'\o ll h Zeeb Rndd ...\nn ..\ , 1><." \h( hi~an

HIlO'>. (315) ifil -HOO. Plr il'oC' wrue Iflr (orTl!-'If<,f' Infor·mauon .\ItI,I~ appearmg III lh" jnmndl .ur ab-tractooand mdru'd rn H u la" ( 1I1 .-fbi/ rll( l, and .-f,.,....(II: H u la ,..lind I .•', .

An appeal from a colored man whoseFather fough t in the Revolution.

--_...•.•. . - --Som~' look 10 ['alitkal power; ....e d i··,hin ,I"in~ ,..., >'0 long 1\. " ou r l"' llTl..<; nnd

con!lC'i..neee m"y be reached.The CoDlltilutioo lIUll Lll"' <of the ~tat...." .. ", d)(' no nl:l.ll on ""('Oun! of his

eelor, Then .1,t>re i<II,,! Tie"t oblai n•..-j 10 I'ro ....r il"'. U ~ OIl Il<n)unt ..f our eoloe j

h il not an infringc'm""t of our righ l' ; 1'rt>'Cr ibin;: u; ; 10 ny Ilml we Ihallnol be peeraiued to enr--r eU1'l in "("11001. Lo"';lU'" we a re mlo!X'd ; to ",fulle US..Imi.~ion to the High S~houl a1hogt"l l"'r ?

If ou r right~ io lb i. maucr may he ,li,n':;:I",I.·<l lo ", ;, (y predjudkes, m:l.1no! any or aU of our rigbl' ...... 10 ;;D.lif~· -i"l il"r p"'..lj lldi ?

S houlJ not parties 11.:11 ,multi g r:lIify 11,,·iT 1 >n~1jIl ,li"'·. a;;ain<l j.JOOT .I,il <' or

poor oolon"<l chi l<lff'o .'1' I'j>ort P ri vnre S l"! ,ool . I;,r 110 'I I'u .,........ an d It'! II,,' P ub-

lie schools owned by a ll.. be for AU? W l ~lY fur :aU l'u!' lic o'C lt<)I)l~ M d ha ve

eq uAl right, th..rein. " , co ......1 jo;llI o....' r- 11.,· IL t:

A Foreigner, th e mom"nt 11,· p i>l"'" hi.• (,",! on r ...:Ii i to re- i,I.., hM A r ig-litto free, equel an d '1.1lproscribrJ ...IU,-:ll i.", :l.1 a·h ,,,,t;,;!,·,, lIaJugh he 10M not paida farthin;;: to Ih<J StJlu:_: h i~ ri.; h::\ 1'·tOl ... ·r i . .......uf('t] in. but th(' roloreJ

m'~n ill " .. nied tI, i. ri;:-ht ; ' :''''' ;;'' " " ,\: ;"" 1,0;-'1 .\ m,·r iClln , a ,-iliun, a~ I......abid ing en.... Ibou:;h a tax p" ,-,·r. 1 1t''' '<l ~ ' 'I , h··~..·,,, lanl of ,h. ,.. 100 (UU;h l furI h~ ("O\ln lr y'" io<lqK'n,Iar.C'l" : "p' : ;l;-lin-I ': ." (IItl:,·r . of II.......· L·, no", __k ou r

ah ore in ""v('rtf and 10 .otJ\~ ' ·:'i' ,·,.l i" .·r im.·. Y"., .u,·b II F..., <:igr,,~r CII n .... Ik

inw lUIy of y ou ' l'uhli ~ 'chool .>--"-:'! I, Jvs I , ",ilo sc fAII"'r (ought ..ilh 1J·0u4.i"1t'/II, am d riv en frolll Ib~ir .100...... I ; l:~tng ::r1millt ,d lin ! 14"" aod justice ia

_ ,.h us , t11~ much .1',·QOu'lCl..d 'l--.'M:"" of J".t:J~ T<u.~y nla t ..... a.,brt~ ,: bytho.-e ....ho ..oulu ueol Ui our ri:;!.' , ....: Ih,u though tI,l I.e ou r rig ll!; you lUIwh it.. en-n Are nol oou "d '0 I'\" 'i-"" '! it, 'I ,,,I ".';11 r" II", ,. re, I',,: ! ,UI uoju,,! prcdjudiee,

In J.,o,ing educ.:.I",,1 a I':lrl, h>' tI", ~ : " j,-, I " ~ io1c'" uf ...·I.ar.. lc intere-t i. created;

cvlu n.-d meu a ..... nul in,llie..,.] 1<; "'''i"'''' i" to, a ", 1 l.ly "u ~u in eummon for thecommon good , our c: ,il,l ,..,n a rc 1.,,,.:;!JI I.- -;~un~ or l ' IO :,li l)" :IonJ ,I,·p,.eo>ll ion ; tI' at

II...y are UOI ,;0 riuotlll ' ul l",r •• ",1I;d , :. c":" <lt,'e,l lo 0.1'1 ' ''1' ' '0 u" ,1 IQ <.I"II~<j the ir

a"" ir:>lion . T lli. We 1,;,u w Iro ;n ":'i~' . ;' i" n,"'; fill ! ill,,~ I I IlJr!J~ 'wl,[ Oil 0 117mi"d,. \\' e ><lnl ,·li "lC'.< "" k our"..lvcs h.l ' C ."I tu r ,-a h n ,t.;.

T huugh we vote men IIlIJ ev .. ry otriee, thuu;;;, we "" j" he G .,,·..rllor <; thoull:uw e ",'led the-e tha t mnke Ill.. b ...; . J'lt We are 1" 'O'rril, ,·t! ill I....i.,;,:e'<l"cah 'd.

E very one 'll' Ih.., ., ')"'I'i-ed Ca:.le · cl ,oo l . in t" whi ..l, oo:.."",,J children lire

for ced, lUI' puor, \"C'ry poor school .. n, co m:", r ,·.! t" Ih,,;l' ar" tlllc\ 111<'10. Y'" they

11,"" man tnine'd nt a . llIlIl".,ful e XI" 'Ih e. 1 '1, ~ ",I",I'ITI {'I I), ~ "{"ud Cr "m"'wrIClwoloj 1M, ('il:!, I",,· ,. JOT 11r. ~ ['"l yT"r, ~{[r" rOlI II, ~ &,jl~ $,;0. l/i,d If,r!!hUrl di,lrihul,J ," jl.~y ougl</ tn "al'" {,.,om, tl.,,!! wnuld 'lOt h,,,-,.. "u ri ! I0 mr-ll.'

au d ll",re would out hnve been more tllUn from Il,r..e to 6 vt' in I'uclo "<"Imo l, eJ;.

"'''1'' ill perh ap ... one or two !'t'hool ~, wher .. the re w"ulJ h,.,..., loet'n '" lew more .T hey have bee n "",,,, j,U'd ;n (h.. ... h""L.• oJ ll , ~ ." rroun, llIlg S tltll' i with good

r t,.•u lt ~. A greal deal more opposi tion m" ni f,·· t.,u it- plf i ll n""I,,n , prevlc ue IQ Ihec1ulH;;" Ih:l.n I", . .....,·n here, bu t when the elun:.;c IOtJk " b el.! a ll worked well.

We know Ih:at a sec re t B.Jld B. desper ate o[,l oo~ i lioo i . a t work "Kain ,! us, bu t... he n AllY on e .... 1,i,l"-'r" anything into you r cur, 01 " u. lh ,' kill<ln,'" In all o ... ll.' LO

e.lJ-'lllin Ilf'tore you 8uff'er it ' 0 e trc'ct you r coDvicd, m:l anJ our i"t~rl'. t._ Gi ve

ju . ti('(' a Ir ial io Ihii taauer, then if lOU ... ill proocriloc ni. (l ra tlt u . ...ur re"Ona­LIe lawful ,,'i·h, and J on slw ll hav~ ou r I~,ting gratitude T he Stall!! , haJl h~veno true r llOQ~ eith er in peace or war.

lCIl AHOD NORTH UP.Prvci,uNN, FH, 1859.

1/111' I ,~,."

IrhGbod Sor lh"p'" pl~lI . tmmrd m hrod,juJr Imm . 'm ·I,h" u :r . Ih, I H"~J thlll (; ",,£, T . [) m,,' lIm r.: lo o k "" m hI'(,,,.'lId, fO d~",r.:r~£IJl' R hod, I , /ar,d ', l",hI" " h,," /, HI ,h,' '''Ih (''''' ' Iln'.

99

George T. Downing and Desegregationor Rhode Island Public Schools,1855-1866

Or~;Hlilt-d ..ltu~~lt" In ou rlaw racial di-crirniua­lion in Rhode lvland puhlic educat ion b -ean ahnIlf"i~hhmin~ ~1;l"'kI(hu"I'I" fir,. Iq :::- i, laled agn m ..',epal ;t!t' ,choo]'" \rtH'1l tlu- R;l\ vran- r-nar n-d dt",egrq~;llion law in 'pring IH55 . (;t'Cll.~e TDowning , a hl,lI l ratete- rhen Ii\ing in Pr ov ­idenr e. "'-IoU' In Charlee Sumner - ('n il, ...1 "ilalt' ..w na tot from :\l a\ 'kIChu'tt"h - "hn had in HH9providr...1 It'gal I HUIl<,t>1 in a cu ir again<,J the (iI' ofBovron thai . though unvuo e-,..[ul , had led diu'ol\'10 legi ..Iauvc nmrnph in !W>:l . f) ' lwn in g ideuri­lied dw (-;\u'-(' of r.uial jlhlin' in .ht· 1'\OIlh withSunun-rv ,>ellalmial oppo,illfJll In v un hem " ]'1\".

erv: " ( JI ll' (' \' id t"IlH' ' Ih " , the-re i ' ;1 Xorth . ' 01 ;1' Ix·~ I \ t'n 1)\ tha t :'\"uuh ', df>lII~ honorable and jlhthb~ ;t t b .., of it , t ili/en.. heretofore IHo ..r ribed: Ihl'I am proud til '<l\ yo u I nohle :\tr " ;uIHI'l,th i ,e llgagt',l 111: thr- work go,', hl'a n 'h OI L Sull rhen­I' m ur h vet 10 Iw done." Do wn in g wa nte-d aboli­tion nf '>('gre!{att'd ,(hool, III R h od r- "land .1'

h ell . Ill' e-xplaine-d 10 Sumner rb .u R hod e lvla udla w-, "';I id Ilolhmg a bout till' ,uhj('( I. and uult-t'd

hlack childn-n through IllI"1 o f th t, ..ta ft' attendedlegutu puhlit '" hoo!.. wi th whlln. {)1I1\' Pu n i­dt,TIt(· , 1..... I'W pOII. ;m d Bl i..lOI - \\ /11'11' lllo, 1 hlal1 ,liH'd - mainla int'" ch\l ill( t "(ololnl ..(hool," b~

loca l Ol(lIna lll(', " T h i, ) dl,..ile 10 dl"t1o~ ." Ful ­filhng thaI plt-dge, Dn wllI n g bt'(.IIlW in lilt' (Olll'>!:'of iiI(' 11t"1 dt,( ;Idt' ...-h<ll tilt" lIIaJOI aUlhout\ unRhodt, I..la lld hlMk .. ( ,II" " I he 11I0..1 famoll'

:'\"q ;:-Io ill III(' ..ta tt' ;lI1d Iht · man Ill"..t J(''' poll''l hkfOl a ho li ..h ing "I'p;natt' ,( honl , ." 1

Allh {lugh Ih l " I l l o m im'nl 1l1TWI ('(' ll ln -n 'nlll l ..·

bla(k " 'alit'r 1l<lnidp;Jlt'd in all Ih t, Idt'OlngKal

and Iltaltical (1IIIIIH"t'l..it,.. aHe(ting lhe I<IlC', hi ,-

• ..\ " , ~ , . , w 1",,10 '''''' " I h",,,, , .•, r",h ... " [' '' '' ' '1 ' ' (\, \1r(;, ••"m,tl1" ,,, " IH>! " I [ 1,,' 11" " " " ,11/" /,,, , ,\ ""d II",\ " C'" \''''11, ....'' ,m,l ,\'a/l"'/II/l'''/II11'' J\'''~-J.~''I::

I l· IIl,III•• l" llIu'I'''' ,,1 11I1n" " 1'1..", 1'1'li!.

bv J. 1I1I' ff' I /U' c; '111_\11I1111-

IHTi;lIl " haH' 1101 !{1\Tn IU111 d ue .nn-n non. Dowu ­in !{' .. II1\0hl'lw'IIl III Ihc' ' I hool 1 ~1l 11t- \ " 1' ] 11 '1

one dremat« c'Ili..c,dl ' in a IIJTI .~ and producuvr­l ifl' , hut 11 il lununan-, IIl II( h ;t1IO '1l lht' 111.111 _ \\"h ow:r, (;'·Ol~" 1', !lllWIllIl,L; , ho w (Ild lilt' fi~hl hum ix, 'd 'I huo]., fil into h i.. gem'ra l .Ip p lo;r, h 10 li lt'

t ar e- q llt' ~tioll , and in whar \. 'a, d id h(' IInpI C'" hi "per ... .nal ~ t \ II ' 'III th e m"\I '!llt'lIl :

I' n ha p .. tt l!' tlnh h!;1t J,. ,pok" "III<1n of h i , da vnOI ;1 "v-H-madc" mall , DOWIIIIl ~ , '>l ·fond ·~t·III '! 'I ·

tinu 11 1l'rnb(,1 ot thr- 111l1tlWIII bL1I1.. hU lil .L;C'"i , i t"

1It' \ I' r t'xllt' lic'I1lt'c1 PO\'l'II\" , ITIw h I,'" vlave-r v. H i,fa lhl 'l , Thoma -, DOh-n in g , wa-, 1)(11 11 III '-\111.m alCounrv . \ ' H ~ lIl i ;r III li!!1 to a , 1;l\c' woman . H t ,!

O W I!t' I, who pmbabl v Lulu-red nltlllM'.lu'c'd t)()lhmothe-r and I IlI ld , and rlu-n pa id 101 rht' 1)(1\ ' ..

edlll ;ll io ll. T homa .. ranu- uou h 10 lighl in tlu-\\"<11 " I IHI2, and Ih('11 "c'l lip a ' ll (((,~ ..IIl II I\'''I'' 1hou ...· a nd 1,I lI 'Ii lig rvrahlixh nu-nt III IIH' ,' '' lIm el ­r ia l di,aiel o f dowmwn Xe-w YOlk . R I' lIIg IIIIx'(olll(' 011t' of th e nr he ..r hla( k.. III Xr-w YOl k . he­ell)o\I'(1 cordial n-Ianon-, wuh pltlluint:'1ll a nte­bel lum whrn- poht u ian.. and hU~III('~~nH'fl \,hoparn uuved hi .. 1l',ram,1Il1 SIIf IC'IY IC\ ld t'l I' llIiJp110111' , d(' ..n illl llg 111 hi ~ fa rnn ll~ dial~ rIll' kn i, bBOI Itdl held f!ll C ha rln D lckc'n .. in Il'll:! , 11!11nlth ;1t Idle..llllwlll" " WI' H' LlImt'tl Ollt 10 Do...-n in g,th e ~It'al ma n Ilf 1""lel~, \\'ho H'( ('I \ t-dS~ ,~~ ." )It'm oonallc politic i,lIl Sannwl.l , Tildfon I('m i lll ...t'tl IIIIflli!l ; l l )( IUl e;ll illl{ "a l Olt\\"n in ~ ' , in 8ro':lIl '1l1t'(,1,

'" Ih t" la hl c'" of OUI 1t'''Ilt't ted and 1I " I If 'l la h lt­

( olOl l'd lri('l1d who Illl'lI \\"a ~ l lH' n t'lmolli ( o of

:'\"c'w York." Bla( k~ C"IC'l' lIlt'd T huma.. DO\" n in gMau'>(' whilt' !;l\oT d id 111 11 kc't' p h im hom in·

\"(Jh-ellll'nt in tilt' ca u ,,' o f hi, own ran'; th,'\ kllt 'w

him a'> "large-hea rted. puhl ic-sp irued a nd a ra cialaboli uon ist ." :\ man of KH'a l personal dignirv.Do wni ue o n IWO on av io nv rd uced 10 lea ve st ree tca rswhen orde red bv r,l< ivt r undur tor v. the fi rvr nme ge l­ting th rown off . a nd the seco nd rime forci ng rhe con ­ductor 10 ha l L do.... n.!

\'r-org"I' Thoma , [)o wn in g , h i,> d dt'..1 co n . bor nin IRI9. Rlt' \'.- up ill a Iill iqul' en vi ro n rnem. andOlll" (an ;t p p lt'l rare- rhe- U'Il\ inn~ o f h is earlv vear 's .CnmlllK In kuo .... Ihl ' ..oc ia l Iion-, of Xew Yorkw ho \I \ilNl h i-, Ia rher'v n-vraura nt . and enjovingmater ia l lux unec Ihal h'",- o lhr-r hlae k r hildren ofhi .. ume dream t nl. he "";1" pall o f th l" b lac k el ite .\"r- I UU I Oil the- \!Tl'('l C,("fIl Rt' wa .. ju..t ano therblar l 1)(1\ \uhjt'( I 10 what o n", o f hi .. en n tem­poraut'\ at rbe- :\I u lbl',f\ SIH"{'I Colo red Schoolcalled " lilt' eve-r-pte-w-ru. ever-e ru chi ng S t'KTO­ha re" of t'aI h ru m-teen rb -cen rurv :'\1"w Ynrk,[)uwninK l.ue r n-called d u- reeutar ~lon i nR ofblar k r hild reu bv ....-hue g"a ll~" . a nd also remem ­bered the- fl'l'lm l/: n f hurmliauon ....-hen a cla vvmatewa .. " lUI lnl III) III a rn -ila tion room 10 produce acom pl" illon n il a J':1\( 'n ,," bl('( 1. rh at the m rredu ­Ii " o f Ih t" vi ..ilnr ~ rrngh t hl' "'lIi ..Iied . Ih t' ~ doubt­ing the e-;IIMI il\ of a rolored boy to p roduc e a(Om lx l..i l ion."

C,l'or !<!: l'T Dn wn in !<!: '" mature o u tloo k o n lill'W;I' roon-d in Iht'..l' I lnld hoo d e vper ieno-s. T ha th i.. Iam ilv had " mad e i t" in man-ri al te rm .. in­d uced rhr- \OIl11l/:t' r Do wning- In ..wallow wholeth e ;H<j u i, ili n ' va hu- .. of middle-s la .... Am er ica . Ill'told Ieflow hl,« b In Ii \{, thro ugh hard work a ndbuvi nes -, r tue-tprise-. and hi .. advire- 10 h is o w n' OIlS er lux-d H o ra lio A I~l ' l. Di..mi-,..in ~ vkin color01 \ ir n-levant. nnw llill~ a ..pi n-d to the ~ td lll ~ o f an-Iined. " TII ·bITd Amer ic an g:1'nl l" llla n , a nd..ou~ h t 110 a ....O f i.uion with [owe-r , Ia ~..e,> o f ei therran' . Iii .. It'''' ll'( t lot di ..umuon .. of dd'~ rathertha n Iho \t' 01 r.n e- wa s I'x p liri l: "There ar e ..oe ia lhaT'> wh il h t';Uh and 1' \ 't'l\' ind i\ 'idual ha ~ Ih{'l ig: h l 10 l'1t'1I In h 'l'P flu l ;tl i wilh whom he dol' '>no t d t,..ilt , LIITlilia l intt'l ({llll'ot' ." Bm Ih e de~ire 10hui ld a h ilal-i..1 t' l it i" It,ll o .......h ip (ollided ..... i th thefao o f ATIl t'l i, an rari ..m . !'o ma ll l'1 ho ..... r{''>Ix '(l ­ablt, a bLIl k I1l;Hl JiKl' l1o wnin l/; m il/;ht be, wh ilep rejudill' a -Ill',i1I'lI" fru ..lr al ed hi " '>OCial a mbi­tion'>. Thl'Cdl)cI', fa r fro m ind ucing: Hlmplacency ,[)o ..... n in g:·.. l'lljuHIll'nl of p,a llia l wh il l' acceplan(emadt' h im a ll Ih(' mille lIl ~ i "lenl u n lola I a(("'pl­am t'. He hffanlt' .l d (x n inain' inlt'Kralion i ,>I.'

Hardlvu lal tful tl\;1I1, Do wn in g: could not II'­m ain sih-nt if Ilt' \ U..!X'I It'd tilt' \ l ig h tt'\1 dt'gre,' ofd i..c rimill,lIi o ll a !<!:aiml hlar kv, a nd ,hi s Ionhngh t­1Il' ~ " wou ld, lI.. t hi m m o m-v and IXlp ul ari ty o\'ertilt' ~'l' a r ... In 11'169 It" l,lITWl\tt,d: " I Iwli('lH' th a I I" 'o u ld ha n' ht'l'n a m illionai l t' loda \' had I lx)wt"t!Itl pH'j udill' ." Ei Kln Y(';ll .. la t('f Do wn in g a mi b­Uled 'ot't hal b in hmi l ll' ~ " a nd po li tin 10 hi .. he ing"a ma rty r 10 th l' <all\l. ' , trXI ind q x'ndl' flI in d a l in l/;10 (TO.... ;lI1d n ili e- ilt' pTl'jud ice..." Whi te raci..m....'a .. 1101 Du ..... ning: " nnly enem y. lI i ~ hope fo r fu llpdn iripalioll i ll Am el ican lifl' .....a .. eq ua lh Ih led t­t" nrti I" htu L na liunaJi ..m , a nd he ( oll\ i \ l ent) ~

n p pn 'o("(j \o)ulllary a\ we ll a .. fm cM "t'Krt'Kdlio Tl o fblaf b from wfult'". T ht' (ln ly S t'gro 1t"<Id er of hi ,>

101 I.H1 Rr. F T . IlflW' ISG

.I"t" who - t"\t"1l III IIIlW , 01 ~H'a lt"' 1 d l" l'a il ­

would 111,\,'1 l' I!l, id"1 hl,lI k W IM1:l l i,m ( ' I :\! ,iI OlIl

10Inllll<ll iOl I, 10 IIH' end o f hi, Iii , ' Dnw ll I Il~ ad ­vora ted ,III a l ter n.ui ve- p la n lll a lllfl"ll~' d l·,i/.: Ilt'd t,.end ra. ial vu ile. hut .11"'1 ~ e1\'1 I1~ Ilw lateru fum ­lion of I'a,ill!o!: hi, own vtaru.. ;ll\xlt"l it" .. : hI;). 1.. ,vhould d l..appe;J1 1Il10 A me l l« I '" !,::I' lleli, nwll illg:pOI t1l1ou!o:h rarial amalgamauon . H I' ;)( ted (JUIhi, 0\\11 do. "ine ill IX -I I wlu-n he- married ";1'1t"1\;I

O e C.. .I"I', whov- lIlol hrl wav \\h ilt" a nd \dlll,t"

w('a ll in f.nhcr had "'Tn hUIIl III Ill(li a , ~

llow lltn,I{ " goo d Iouuuc in Rh.xk- "land ;1111'1

hi , ITMrl iag c' It' III I' " II'd hi ' I)<"III\!' fl'c'lin,I{ ' "hn lll

AIII I'l lI a wh ilt" , h;lI 'WII Ill .~ til" dl" l rt · 1m lull ;1(­

« 'pl;lIl1l ' i n u. I n 1~16 , ;Il I WI·Ill \ - '>('U ·11. hI' »pem-d;1 '1I11l1lll'1 branch 1)1 hi, £;(I hl.'l " u-vrauru ru 111:\t"W I)fIlI. ")fJl) 1"I)f'lllInt" .\ IIWl if ;I' \ r noc r ta-b­rona b le Ir'>(Jl I 1. 11\ ..... 111 \1 '.11, 1,l t, '1 flO' , 1;1111,1;1

1,lleim/.: hll\II ]('" III I' l ll \ u kl ll I' a nd III 1111' vum ­nu-t 01 IK'i 'I, wit h 1; ll' i t;t1 IJ< lI lll wI' t.! frcuu hi ,

f.uher, Downin g hui lt ;r 11IXlll\ hou-l in :-;1'\'1 )< 1l1.'I I'" (;111 110 11 " : , rh.u ;1I11;UII·d.1 dl'" l1glll, lwd tnh... hilt' , 1Il'IIII' It' . EIWI!o!:I'l il . 11''' llll l d ul . ;Im lll ljllll' .Ihl.· \'"ll1gl' l O n W lIl ll 1{ W;J\ 1)f'I"mtll~ In RII, ,,,kl - Iand wh.n hi, I;IIh ..1 W;I' III "C'" Y, ,, I.. -,1 1lI,'Il

.. I .."nw "".llth ;lIul" ''''dli ll ' 01 UPI""I" 11" 1whnc \lll n-tv."

"lhrv rlun wav tl u- man who wrrur- t" _'l l'U;lIm

xunuu-r til I W1.'1 "holll R h' llk hbnd 'o' h ' )<Jh,DO""Il IIJ\;:" d t", i ll.' lor i nlt'l::'r;nIO ll u-llevn-d hi, re o

jl'll ion " I 101 . i.ll ""IUl;ltio ll i ll .1 11 ph;} '>(' , 0 1 hit' ,inl lud llllC h" rlUIJIl'Il ', 1,1I " ;111011 , H e- .11", Ill'

Ilm!t"tl;l '"KI.:'·~JIf'lI IllJlIalln~ I..n·n in,i .l.( hI IIllOWhile- "1'1)(· I·c la .... m r nl all l\ I)" ... n ln g: ;),1..('(1 101SlImnt> I ' \ .lI d . :h a I H O ITlIIWl lt , 1I''''''' 'clah ll- lInllh ,l'l ll po ll l i, a l k adl' l, 11ll' , .. lI alOI IIl1g h l Ill' .1111t- toIIlIlut 'llII ' I'0W('f I1I0kl' l'> 01 I'ro\tlkm e: " Yo ll , lit'

,IWa ri.' t h;1I ;I , 1'!l ;1l 11 1 1.1", ill I Ill' , 11 \ 01 IJ I O \ II It' m l '

I lii t" i t. I'h"" J;!:t> Ilt' l a lh "' I in I fli t " , hil I IMIl Il 11­Lu h ~o II1l hl~C Il\ nll .. cL."" ,llw "' ('allln , "" nd

Ihl"ll Chlld lC'II II' PII\;III' ",h,It,)" IIlIIU' '>(1 nl'll

111;111 III Bl " ,o ll T i ll " 1LI" ;IH' \nll l .1'''''' Mit" ;1IIt.!

\\ou ld 1.1\1' 111 \1111 1 '>\ ml Mlln III IIII' IIMltl 'l , If 11 '111< 1 n ' lhln l I'iI\f Jll . 1"'1 ;111'>( ' n" t ,I t ln tt'd 1111'11,1,\ ,"

Ihe PI() ' '' ' ~ Jt 'Ka ll o lll ' t cku,l:: l' tli ;1I I tf b part 'lIb 01p,i \';n l' " hoo l 'Judl' n l\ I\' i..1t to lOllI' I llt"J!: " II IO ll

"II poor w hi lt'\ p " ,\.I1 I('(! III Ih, ' 1l1ll l.' It'I·lllh ((' 11'Ill n a, II d o c" 111 IIII' l"'I' IIII1· lh . II wa, C" I II '( i;llh

1t'1t"\;t! 1l 10 R h nd t, h ttnd "hil II \ Iill h.HI .. 1" 01'­1.'11\ fj ll ;t l d ll <Ilio n 1m fO It" ilCn'!1I11l1 {i li l l'lh ,,-i\ h-

illg III \1'" ', rhu- di\fl;lIlChl'llI~ I'IWI'I'II,I" mr­m i .~ I ;iIl " 111..1,1\ III 11,(' lilt" pllhli, "ho"k Hll r

0 111\ " btu I.. l il..l' Oo \, n in.1.: \\ho kl l ,01111,,1 LIl'kin hi gh wlt i tl ' ' 01 il, t\ co u ld It;I\I' '0 b t d/ t'll h \l lg ',~I" t l 'd \ 111 h .m ;l pP('; ll to thr - \\1';.llh\ IlIlkl'd.;I1,,1 ;I,h;IIIII.·d . 11 hi m wlf, he ;l11d"d " I ",,, lid n' ,111."1 an ;Ug UIIWIll IIPOIl Ihl\, \t'l would It'd 1"'11­

fied in "lIl1win.L: II III .ud 1Il dlo-I ""g lilt' 1\I\t .n u ldc'"ilt,! ..

O" w nlll /.: d id nol [,1 1..1' pllhl " ;11 11011 111111 1 1 ~ :-. 7

whe-n wu h ;1 fl 'w 1111 '1It!, hI ' l il i l l" tl·t.!;L Ill" I>.I­ga ncl.1 1.l lIIlhli g lL tm.uu cd filII ,01 h i, 1'\\11 pocl..l't ,,llC" i rh l ,eg l'·.I!;\ ll'tll'c! ll' arion . II l1nU ,~h till' p t,·.....at plI ll lll 1HI.·l·llIlg" .uul III p, II11l'h k l IClIIIl .Ol lw n i ll~ alglll,1 hr-, 1.1't' . II I· ' h ;ll"ell tb.u hI;" I..,,-hoo].. \\1'''' Inkl"" III "hltl' IOUlllt'lp.lIh lit

uu-u IhU',IIItUH' 1;1< II" 11''' , 1lI1,1" I( 11 ' I,',t' 11t'1', .l lu l, l lIIltl, IIUll illll; l ()" \\ lIi n g wOIlIl1 l ]t ,1 ('\1 '11.1' ­{'-'PI ,, 'paLlt .. 'I h""I, II Ibl'\ \\t 'II ' t' ljll<lJ. hi" .111'"

1,1;11 1.. , 1',ltdl a 'H" l il.. l' ' ,I!WI Kl tod t, [,l.lI l1l l'l'> , .mdlI ll' l d ''' l ' dl''''I,,'d ti l<' ,: 111](' . 110 1 t'lj tli',III-III . e-du-I all ' 1Il.11 Ilt. ·ndlh ,,, w hue- ... i It- \'''11 1 1111 If ' , Ill 'ma nv \ 1;lII'lI1t'nl, I" l'I"ml lwlll &"I'lll l,III' "II lilt''III re-vv 'll d"'t"gII ·/.: ,III' III Ihe-te-. ( :h :lI:1I 11'11,111 ;111\.

I\(' ;II.." 1Il,II.k.1 hl. II<1II1 apl't ·,,1 I" ttu- 'Lilt ' " \' hili '

d il l.' wnh a htvuuv 1" " 111 1 - Rh' l(k l vl.unl hl.uk-,had 1" "\1'11 ttu-n l'IIl IIIt'IlI 11" 1""1 .1 1,,111 \ 11\ ,td m/.:

wuh j,>n\l' I\ a li\c" III Ibl.' 1) ' " 1 R dlC'll i"11 'J I 11'l 11

aga ln 'l tho,,' wlnu- w h o wa ntl·" 10 hlf ',lC kll ti lt'\ 11 1II agl.' . & 'f ;111'" 0 1 \1 11 h 11'\1" 'Ih lhll ' Iw h,,\ " "

bLu l.., h, IIII)f:('1I ~ 1\1' 1l 1Il;lIlhlllK I "rflragl.· .. 1111

GEORGE T. DOWNING,tLATE OF :5 BROAD at., OW YOU,)

1'l(t 'I'I:n:TO~ 0.' r ill<:

lIO"~I:Ii'''!l ILOU., SOrTl1 TOntO ST..

."t' .... , • • p, •• " • • , •• , • • • ,.II", ,........NEWP ORT . It. 1.

ACCQlllll ODAT IOS !I FOJ( GliSTLE!lI ES BOA.waD_DIl'UIEKS A.?lO GA.:'IIE "IIPPE."

Al.... CO:-;' FECTIOS Elt y . t .,~el h er " 'itl> FItES CIl ""J ot her)IA lJE fJI~IU}; for FAm LH:....

Pic NiCl and Salling Parties~~r..(',l in nUll}' furbi.h...! rri'·.1I~ , .. rIo", or ..,,,1 10 .'rJH,

" ••1" ...u .• it;.ppll .. d 1. C.........

102 C;t(l\tG t: T . [lOW!\; I'>;!;

de nied the Ioreign-bom . So he in vo ked the nn-m ­

or) 01 a traduioua l a lli a nce t.WIW(TTl Rh ode "lam!b lat ks a nd wcahhv wh ile~ who ra n rhe \l a le .1

Down in g thew u p a pennon demand in g cha rthe kg l ~l a tln(' har cepa rau- \.{ ho o k 11t>l olle( ted\lg l1a rllle~ and had Ihe dOl. urne-ut pr esented in till'ho us e of rC:'!ll t~\t' llIa ti\'e\, which laid it over tonext v-svion . In jan uarv I R58 Dow n in g tnlifi edfO I rhr- pet i tion ar a nWt,ting o f the hou-,« tom ­m ill et' on educauon a nd provoked irnrnedian- de­lllllHi a tion fro m whuc Iavoriug vraur-, q uo . FOIth e lime Iwin g ue-uhr-r a ca ll tor juvt ir e nOI ada "appeal to t ht- white- di u ' wa-, d ft'( lin'. The Pro v­idrnc e l uulv [ournal, Re- p u hlu-an and strong hami -vlav r -r v. r-durnialivrd th ar lilt' qurvnon o fhlar k rig hh wa-, i rn-le-v.uu to cd uca uon. Eachtow n ill tlu- , ta le chou ld mal c' u-, ow n ,I hoo larrangeITW lll'\ hav-d UpOll 100a l expedie-nrv. BothIMt>~ in I' lt l\id c·lll t' . '\;rw pon, and Bfi ~t() 1 fa vor ed\egregar iOll IXTa U\e blac k \r hooh wet r- gO( K.!. a nd('\Tn'OIH' k nrw tha t if hkll b mundan-d whilt'" hcxl!\. whj n- pan-nr-, wo u ld It'lUll\e rtwi l r hjl­

d ren. n p!'f1a llv Iht'i l da ughu't s. Pa n-nt-, wouldaho \IOP nltLIIg , I hCK.I I taxev . bl ingi ng p u h lic ed­uca non 10 a ll end T I](' journal t.d if'\ t'd rhar ag­uauon for m ixed ,( bonh wac ellg illt,t' lt'd bv "hll\~

lllt'dd lt'I\." a t' l1 p llt'lJl t~m fOI [)OW lllll ,~ . A spn la lnW('l in g o f th t' P Tu n d t'm e ~( hoo l hoald n !u lt'dIh{', papt'f\ l in n . In Fd)\u ;II \' i l Tll ~l j Ol i l\' It' pOl!o f the educatio n C ornmi tlc'e tl p held the ol d ~y\­

t('ll1. whi le OIH' d ",elll t't . a ll ;l!lo li tion i.,r. Ll\ olt'dlIlt' IIt'ltIi OIl. .-\ It' p le,eTlta ,i\'t' moved "I ha l ir wa,Ilwxpc'd it'll t to Ir ,l!; i,la le u pon lilt' q tlt"slion ,"wh irh rnnti Oll pa " l'd wir ho u l lo ll ( all HIlt'."

At th e IlI'XI se.,slo n in l XS9 1' ''IIlt" wba r [)OWl1ll1 .~

("a i led " lhe ru g: o f wa r." :\{ "'r two 'Ta l \ o f ag ir;l­lion, th e \dHK.l l i s ~t1e IWCa TlH' rhe r;HI.,t' 01 " mOl!'k d in g . I Olll lllot ion a lltl g"t'Iwra l i llwH'st" lh an 'l I­mos, an\ lhi ng t'he. The ("(Huse o f d ebal e HI rh t'ho u se o f fepl l' \('I1l;lli \ t>\ indir ared th aI a 11001 \'0[1'would he riO'll', Ull1 il IHo -seg lt'gati llll lotces lin ­\'C:'lkd a petil io n \ igTwd In fOll y-li ve Plo\ id C'11l1'bla tk s ag ain '\! o ltl la willg \(' pMall:' " hookThough Ih l,ft· wo uld 1)(' ( h.uge\ lhal lTlan y of thesig nalult·\ W ( ' ft' fOl,l!;ed or o hta llw<! o n /;the I.ll t'­ren\ es. rh i, Ilt'ti riOll dama gt'd the Olix('d Sf ho o lIlo sit ion by .,rle ngt he n ing dOtlh lS a hflllt wh('rl j('1Dow ning spo ke for Rh ode hlall(l blarb. Wh althen olTu fTed til the hou~1' is b('\t d t'\nilwd h~'

Do wning , wri ti ng in lh e third Ix'r \on :

TIl(' ruxl mm.e U'(j,1 for 1.\'\ (Jrul n f lo j(g . Chair­

IIWI! of Il!r Commillrr Oil Education, to .l;f'1 upand nb""" .\l r. /JOl" lllIlg 111 1/ most .\ h rlTll r f lli man ­IIrr, attarhrng 1/1.1 IIwlll'r,l, dwr,gmg him tri thmisrrnresrntctmn, and 11!t' likr , to surh au r x­

tent {I.I to elicit e xpresssuns of shame and co w a rd ­

Icr - nne memhrr .I u g g r ,l l lIl,g thai the eentle man

would br nurrr I I H" lU I/I! Jr({ HI his ,l / lFn l!. onh lir, j ' (l,I nu.o rr tha t ,\lr. /J m.1.' 1I/r1lf; li'a,1 not flt' rlll/III'II

to rrfll\". Thrrr'\(l/ M r. n Oli' l lIl l g u.ittun 111f' her,r'IIJ0\,lIlg a seat 1, ' l l h thr reporters al rhe reporters:tab]r , I" i t h thr eves of rve rv mrmbrr on IIITIl .li'III/I/g til pav IIlOl/f'\' for Ihr fJTIl,jfrgf' to "I'

hrard. M orr than onrr did thr hOfJrful lhfJI,ghl

co mr 10 him: " I will yrl br in suc h a position inthi,\ Hause, thai I rna)' rrp l)' 10 .\lr. Flagg, sha llhe. lIJcr Tnr, thrn br honored wllh memhership;"

Do wning 's p-r-o nal ,I' p ira tlOTls a re a-, ev ide-ntin rh i-, ac count a-, is h i, <ic'- l ig-h t in bt'in g- thecent er o f wh ite anenu on . Alt er Flag g 's two hourdiauibe. the r-nnven xus 01 tht> house was that "asther e- seemed to lx' a diffen-no- o f opinion amon gthe rolon-d people . and a -, :"oh . DOWTllTl g sho u ldhe all o wed a ll opportunuv to npl v 10 tlu- attackmade u pon him . " the qur- snou would be referr edto a sllt'(ia l lin' man comnuuee. Though lh ePrOl'idn lu /Ja llv j o u Hl lI 1 sli ll gr u m bled lhatbla fh " bo lll and brou ght up hn t''' lik ed ~eg:Tt'ga ­

,i nn , and o n ly "l1e ",comt'r~ and agilalrus." lha l i\Do wning , wa lllt·d ,(I chang-e, a r lh e end o f :"ola v lh t'sIx'c ia l cOnJm ille(' ft'UltT1nJelHkd a n end 10 , t'pa ­fa ll' sdHltlk hur Ih(' ho use adJoUl twd wl tholl l,tt l ing ,9

Befo rt, th e l~fiO Il'g i\lari \f' \t's\ iOT! Downingso ug h r ht'lp fforn lh e organi,,'d a bolilio n i'ir mO\I'­nWTll . I" kadin .~ :">:ew En gl aml olga n , rhe L /br r ­(Il(H, had Ill,t'n sym pa thetif in irs lTJlOll lllg o fDo wnin g \ haltll ' , and th t:' Rhod e hland Anli ­SlaH'q' Assol ialion had tlificia lly \ tl Pl 'Orled him .~{'\ t'Tlhel {' ~ ~ . Downing complained in a lert t'l toWilliam Lloyd f; ;nri \OlI. l'd itOf o f th e I ./ hr m lor.

th ar " wt' han' lIor u'n'lH'd lIlucb a"i"al1( (," froma lx ll lt io ni\ rs " Ill th e way of rem ark s aml ptlbl1cIdn u il\" wilh th e Olo \"('m eTH ." Thne foll owed aprn.~ I'I'S\ It' port. D{)wnin .~ it' lt lha l a Tllilj Olit \ ofIhe 1('gi slaltlU' f,(l \'{)fed dt'\('gre~ari on , but ft'al ed 10fhalkll ge th t' arch-segrl'gil l ttl 11ls r~ o f I'fo \"ldt'llt e.BUI Downin g 's biggesl compl ai11l , tri .~gered b\rhe ~ t1rpr i \(' petitioll of lht' PIT"IOlIS :"olaf( b , wa~a tXl\I l hi s fellow b1atk~ , a nd her(' hi s -.el1\e of

IO~ G f,OMG., L D()W~I~G

el it ism is bla tant: " n U' pann-s to t)l' lx-nef uu-dha n ' been '>0 edurau-d . an' ..n ig nora nt a \ In the-irinlert'\l on rh i.. "UbJN I, with come exo-puon- . a"not 10 £('('1 aneln . or rhe independence Of thent'u'"i" for -.acri fiu·, in 1111' m ailer : tll'll((" rhe-vwill no t all a , Ihey shou ld: m a ny wh o wi th 11'

fe(" 1 a de-pendence- u po n rho-e lht·), mil,", o p po"e intaki ng a n ani n · pa ri in Ih l\ ma u er" nownin~

could not imagi ne an~ blark Iavoring wparate\£honl\ in good failh .' o

The ne xt lew year .. wert' di\l:'Oura!l:illj:l; . TIlt' i,,­'> lIt' r ame up in [he hlJu,>e in IRfiO, flld ;1J~llllH' Ul\

Ilew ha rk and Iorrh an d th e hou-e pm lpoll('d r-on ­sideranon . Ih i\ rime tn only IWO \'lIlt·... ~I a ll t'f\

co n nected wij h the v-cewion (ri..iv prevented It'R­ivlauve auenuon 10 v bool v in IN61 . and ..orneco n\,( ience-, wel t' "lIIe l~ soothed wh en th e Pr ovi ­denr e v ho ol comm uu-e r (' ~ol \"('tl 10 im prove phv..­iral rrmdinrms in hlac k ..r-hools. Downing moved10 Bo-ron ..... h ell the Ci \'il Wa r began . and th e

tshrrtuor n-ported rhat "hi, I h jldn-u darlv n-joir e­in t he fan . lhal Ih,' tkwd roJ" nf k llnwl("(I~ , ' aredivpenwd wuhcut regard In accidemal difktellu'"of r nmph-xiou." Sinc e Downing ' Iill owne- d prop­en, ill R ho d e Islan d. he would be heard homa~a i n . 1 1

Hv 186·1. w he-n tlu- 1t'g-i"laIUl t· IWXl took lip th ei\ \ lU'. puhlic opinion had ..hi lled , ..h ,eg:rq~;tl i(J lI ­

ivrv repeated Iht'i, pral\(" for lo(__a l ronnel of edu­calion . a ne-w weapon wa ...available 10 proJJ(I 'nem-, 01 m ixed \c hool'>. T h(' Xort h wa .. no lon germ('f('l y fij:l;h l ill .~ st'(('" io n. hut a l\l ' ftt·t'i n~ vlaves .a nd hla rks were , t'[\' ing: wi th di vnm uon in t he­l 'n ion armv . R("(Jt'(l in g- the flew vpiru. an ;11\ 0 11­

vmouv Iener 10 the Pm l " dn la ' Dtt/flo [ourna l ar­g:U('(! tha t whilt''> should Ileal "the r hrldren ofIh o \t ' lalh el ' . who m , b lar ka-, Ih('~ ' fila , be. W('wnd In lht' baulefield 10 combat wi th sla\'t'hnldt'r"UpOIl , Ian' ..o il, a .. our equal s." T he tUIU \t' educa ­lion com mi uee reponed a hill fo rbidd in g: a ny 10-

<-a ll t\ Irnm ~q>arat l rl~ th e rat t" ill p uhli r- ,e lloll l"hut nu-mber uom till' three ,eg-leg-,n in.~ cniev fili ­hU, ll' II'tj t he- nu-a vurr' 10 death . TIll' llt'I'l""it\ for afili h ml f'r p ro\'('(lt hal a majorit y fav ored tilt' bilJ ,a nd in .!an llan IRIi.1 the I' ro\,idt 'lH't, Ci ly Coun cilmade a de~ p(,l"a l {' t-Ifritt 10 stave off d e, e,f!; U'galiollbv auth0111 1llg- HIIl,nUC lIOIl of vix new "colored" houh ," Si nl t' rhen- had bo-n o ll ly twO vurh~I hool, hdlll{', i hi-, mov e wou ld pn-vnmahlv vhriwtlu- Iq,;:I~ lalurt· ;t n-al dt'~ llt, to aHo u l t' Xl r-lh-nr,If ' q);lr<lh,' . nltKa tlo rl 101 hlac k, . On e di " cllting:rouucilm.ur . \ \, il ll;t lll BlIl l1l '\ , would han- IH'IJ(" ojthi, {har;ujt' in li lt' ,tge Ilf e-maurrpauon. FOlll1erl ya ,eg-lq;:<t til flli' l , he- now lx-lieved tb<l t "n.uiunallvw'e hav e leal he-d a po int when e-x pediem v ill OUIdeafing-, with the co lOlf'd m a n must be d i ~caJrled :

we have lear ned 111 th l' grea r r rivi s th at lh el"f' isno divnnruou in the rig-ht, o f ( lI il(, lI~ llI Jl." I ~

Il o wnin g: reentered th e pir ru re in l8Ii1 wit h a1{'tH'] to th r- [ournol. l ie dema nded uuegra uon" htT;lLl,e It is rig!u . lx -ca uv- it I' con tra rv to t lu­Iell el and , p i ti t of OUI Ccnc tinnion to havr- itmhetwiw." In Do wn in j.:' , o pi nio n a ll Jlle judin 'ag ai lht hlal k v e ma na ted hom '!<l\f'IY , S ince rhelnion armv and t lu- propov-d thnt -emh a me-nd­m{'nt wne 1II the prOII'~' o f wipin g 01lt tha t in­~ IItUtl()II , equal ng bt ~ fOJ non h{'lII htu k, W,I<; lilt'0111\' (llll(f'J\'a hle <I 11'W{'1 to c harges 01 ill('OIl, is­lell'\ ,un' 10 l o rnt' ftolll fOllnt'T , lan'ow lw l'. 111Ih i, it'llel Do wni n .1;: a l", Iwtta yt'l l. 1II ,oJJ1l'w ha tilnolu lt'd ~ty Ie , hi, If'' pt'{ l fOJ wh itt' \'<l lun ~tml adq;:n'e of o Ull ig-h t ' llOhol'l\' 10 wa ,,1 fe llow hl atk ~ ,

"WI' oe lif'\e that 1)\ (Ont al t in th e pll bl i{ ~( hoob

wilh til(' u'fi llt'1I11'1I1 a nd nllt Ult' . ' p urlt't. l by in ­' p ilt'd d fOl I. t'!ljoyt-d 1)\ til(' dOll1ina n t ria " Ih ete ­o f, OUI (hi ld lt ,tl will ca lc h thf' emotio n."

T h t, lllaJollly of th e ed ura li o n n lmm itl f't' ill18fiS IT<Olll lllt'lld ed a bill ~1 \'I lIg eac h lo, alit y th eoptio ll o f in tt'gl <l led 0 1 ,e palate- Inn-t'q ua l <;(- hooh,whi le a mi llority report , I i l ing " tIl(' grea t l'H' I1tSo f lhl' lime" a nd Ill<' ' 1 1I ({'~~ of int{'g- Ial ioll inBo,t o l1 , a,kl'd fOJ a n elld to ~l'g-rt'ga tlon.l~ DOW ll­ing no w plt' palt'd a IWtilioll, , ig:llt'l l by hllTl,dfan d 'Oint· m her olarb, add lt'" ed 10 th e go\'elllOl,J arnt's Y. SlIl lth, Jl'q un tl ll,g hi ~ in flut'n {'t'~l gaill 'l

Ihe major i t\ l eport , Repealin g th l' a lg u llw nT lha ta ll ract' d "tilH tiOll~ ~ lf'm n1f'd fmm ;lntl rllll 't di ewllh , lasTly , f)tIWnifl g: sl ressed llll' imIH ;\('li rahilil\'o f .W hOllest ,eIMra le- bll l-t'q lla l a rra n.!;:elllt'l1t !Je ­( a th e o f th e huge ex pl' ndi tu le, Jll't es ~al )' to upgrad e

hl;u k "hook W ith totlg-ut'~ in <h('ch, the peuuou­e rv pI ote-vn-d ag-a in'l Ihis "a, ta vpaverv." T hey- raiseda mo re h;h ic i"tll' - that lip to now Rh od e ldandlaw had be-en ,i lt'nt on the ,ubjeCl, a nd th ree- (li lt"

bad ,eg-lf'gated n n th ei l ow n. The m ajorit y re-port , ifuavsed . wou ld place 0 11 thl' ~ t alf'\ stat li lt' book v fo rthe fit, t ti me- "a Jlro - ~Ll\ {"fY . blac-k la w" aliowlIl g­disr rimiu auou betwe-u lilt' laCf's.11

\-ka nwhi 1e, th e hou-«: rook lip Ill{' minoruvint{',gra tilm i'l le po rt first . De-pin- a petuion a­g-a i n~ l i t signed hy Thoma , A, Doylt·, JJl ;IY'()l o fPr ovuk-uc v and "o ther lughl\' 1l' ~ l x ·(t<lhle a nd influ ­en tial titilelh," a nd 111 th e fat e o f 'O I1W parl iamen­tar v uir-k -, I)\' opponents. the house lla"ed the mcas­UH' hy tb r{'< ' \ote~. Hut th e crate se na te anu-udrdthe hill 10 a llow locali lie ~ to segregate . and rhenPO~IPOI1t'd considcr.u io n hv two vote-s a s th r- ~t'~­

cion ended Wh t'11 Do wn in g- bea rd that tfn- gover­nor had abetted t hi~ move ht- wa v Iu nouv. SimI'~Iat<' dt,( nou v we-rt- lO lTl in,l;: up ill Aplil. f)oW l1 i ll .~

published a n "Addre-ss to :\eg ro \'otn~" ill whic hhe a nd till ee ot her b lac k, re-fused to bat k thegovrr nrn fo r ree ler non . They urged member - ofthe rar e to ~U ppOl I fOI gO\'f'IIlOI a nd lieutenantgo\,nno l two whitt, pohti r-ian s - Ed w ard Harri snf Cllmhnland a nd Ro wl and I Llla l d o f So u thKin g 'lO wll - who fa vored dneg n'ga tio n of'fbook Thou,f!;h thi , h;1<1 no efff'l t 0 11 th e e1e{­tio n, i t lIld ua tet! th at Do wn ill !2; pf,!tf' i\-ed tIlt' util ­i ty o f a b lal k \'Oll llg- bioI' promollll ,!!; the' raee ' ~

i ll \{ 'I{'~ I~ wh ile If'ma in ing- i tuk pendt'Jll o f pa ll V<lUiIl<Hlon . 1.\

In lhe tall o f IH6S 't',g rt',l~a tio l1 heg-,Jtl III (f u lIlbleof it, OW ll we ig h t. Bli ~IOI ' , co lo red 'fhoo l wa~l1 ol Olio u sl\ bdo w "a ndanl a nd o n th e w lge o fdo~ing , TIlt' Ill'W t ha il llla n o f Ne wpoJl's ~,h()()1

('omm itt t'e - I 'ho mil' \\'ell twl lrth Il lgg-IIl\ llll , a{Io , t, fr iend o f Do wn in g and a n a ho li tio nis t who hadHlIlu na nded hla tk tro() p~dllrin,f!; Iht' war - led !\"'ew ­pOl l tn end '(' par;w ' ~rhook Onl y P ro \i df'J1 ce COll­t ill llt't1I(' (a k itralll , bUI Ihe Iegi , la ti\'{' ,e"io ll o f Iflfllia~~ ll rt'd Iht' ra u,e o f equa l l ig bh. EIl"\{'l1 yea ls af te lDl)Wnlng wrott' to S UlTlll el , htll h h01" t" wilh lil tlt,d eba tt" , o \'elw helm in g ly \'0 1('<1 10 ou tla w " 'par;ltt',c !loo l, in til(' ~ lale , a nd ended Ih{' na of kga l ,t',gll"­g-atilll i 111 Rhllde Island ed ulil til lll, I6

Thoug-h th e d lange in alt itude', hrough t by th t'war ga\'t" lhe final h low to fa~ tf' 'rhooh , Down ·ill g \ yean of t' lwrgelic leadel , h ip laid lht' {'''t'll­l ial ha ~i , for dc, t'grt'g"atinn . W ilh Olll h is t' ffon~

IO~ C,[ORGf r. f) O W ";l S C,

Ihf' , la lt·\ blat'" would have had 10 wa il IO Il ~n

for ;111 end In '>(' 1><Udll" educauon. (;t'Of!o:I" T .f)o ...-ni ne - a 'f' If" IJn'tlinu ,h clue bl.« I.. manimpe-lle-d II) fi~hl 'ot~ It"~a l H JIl in an amalgama­liulIl ' l rucial phJio""ph\ a nd hi .. own '1;1111' r on ­,("Ill ' - \,,("11 wt ved the C J II '(" nf rar ia l ("(Illa lil\ inRhotlt· " la nd .

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I ·on ,.."", l .d '''' '' I''' . \1... II.IKI'l . \I' rrl I. I"~I .

\ m;::u'l 19.I W,!-I ..\' 1> ' )''''. T"h,,,,,.. \ pll l I'I . I "' ~ I . .\',." ,r",. Tm,,., , :\,,,,·,,,1,,·, :!'I. Illi i .1 ' . '1'>, h,,' If,.""1I ' .l{h l" "d I ;""lrl : , I /, ,, ,, ,. " ' /j /a, . U",I" al,. ", ' " III,..\'",,., ,.,.,,,1, COIf,,' \' 1\ \"I·, q . ,n. { :''' Ill ( . rr . · " " , ~ . l ,

1'177, I '.f. I L~ ( J" rl... I), · ( .. "",·I;,"lIh ,"" \\,1111"", { o.

~dl. Thf Cn lor,." l'al r"'I ' " II /" ,1"''''1' '''' /( """ /11,,,'" 11\'" ." n· \\".,11,"1, I ~ ""l:ll h- I !'l, .",,1 ,\,." , l' ",kT"h,,,,... :\"" ·,,,h.·r ~~ . l!'l ' 11

h ( :h..,le-, .\ 8.u rlt-. S,.g ",,., III / Iff' f,I""d "' HI,,,,J,. 1>1" " d .1...... .. 1'011 · n.p. . 1....1~ 1 ]~; I_,h,.,,,,,,,. 1,,1> :!U. I!'I ·, ',

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t .·I"');II'.'I , \ 1." ~", I!'I"!'I : 1"/'''''11' '' . .I.,n".11\ ~' l , II'<',~

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It'l l. .l p,il IW.!I. 'L""I>"!<'llIh Hu- "orl "I ll" "' llI l1 ghlm,,·lf . ,.\ ,l.·1t hu-t .f< ' "Unt i, 'II /'"" " I"",. IJII, /\}"'....al, \I,ll' h ,1, '" 'I , \1. .. , h :''': '. 1" ",' .'1. I i , IW,'t

III I. ,h,.,,,,,,,. ,\ p lll !'l :....1. I I'I ~'I 1), ''' lIl1lg '" 1.,1111"''' .

O. t"I..., 1. l!'ll'l . ( •.JI"" ." 1' ,' I . ·h . Ro",.. " I' " M "1.11>, .. , ..

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1.'1 """ ,d,.,,, " f h" h }",.. " " I , f.·hm 'I Ii . I"h.~

I I I l,,,,"'"g and " .Iw" . "' 1 1,.. ( ~ , I " 1 1 \, I,,~ ,I Q'''·'lr "" . ~

h ·l" 11,11' :?JI. I!'IIi ', . "11":III••I II) .I"h" II ." 1.1Ilr." \ . B" '" "1·n ll ' ·" H'. t u,rlllik m B.ll rku . 5i

I.~ I'rt ll',d,.", ,. /Jillh' 1""""'/' \!.l ll h 1·1 III, I I . \ 1'" 1 IIl<Ii ', .

II, B." , I<-II . .~!'I . I.,b,.,,, ,,,,. \"'1" ... .. 1,,·. I ',. :...., . IM! i', : 1;11.1"11 ( .t ,kl ,r"'lIl. ' 1''''' 1("'' f. ",II " " Q o", ,- .~ 1.' /r "I 1'1","1'"11 ',." / ,, ,.. ,,1, If ' ll !!"' ''' '' C ,· .. 11....·11 \ .11,· I ''' ' ' 'I ,H '1',, '' '. 1tJt-iII ' :""I'I, I',,,, .tI " ,. I,,,,,, },,,, ,,,,,I.h ·I" I"' '' II.\1.11. I, l. !'I . l !'Ih' ,

..

IOfi

SHIPPING HORSES wanted.

NICHOLAS BROWN,and COM PAN Y,

Want to buy immedi-ately, a few likely SURINAM HORSES.

.\'" h"la ' Ih " to "" 'HId t ;"mpll"\' IId ' 'f''TI" ,.d mIl,,. r ",,,, I..nu· (; .11' "11" / 11 "" 11 " "i. 1;" -1t'" I""". , 10 " /Jd" " '/11, 11,,, f) " "h <,,,10"\' 01 '';/.I .m/Jrrl ,m 11.,. ,,,, , ,1," 11 " '''<1'' "I .\"",h"f " ' '' ' '' /J. Hhod" h lll" d ... ., luHI h"" " " lId"' lI: 1,,,,,,,. and ot h... I!"..,h to".,h Ih" Hld ,h.m," {;11-1 I' ",bllbh th" h,,"'" .h. p fH'd " ...." .\'/1..1111:/1"",'1 I' ll"''' . <I brt'''d '1"'01111,r/lI\"d m HI" Hf" 1, I<I>,d "' .\"lIn /lI!/I,, \t"1I <,o/.l'llr,·"

107

Sea Ca ptai ns Carousing In Su rina m

III 1!1-I Mthe eil\, All :\-!tN 'um of Sl. Loui -, pur -I hased II \(' 1 );llIlIill~ <it'll Cilptam,\ Camus",!!; HI

Surinam, Remo va l o f rha r ca nvas hum R hod e­

" land I n tht· :\li dw('", wa.. d \OllT<I' 0 1 Iq~r('f 10

,om/' and perhapv nlie! to OIht· ( r il i/ t'Il". fOI a n i..tJohn ( ;IT l'IIW O,j(1 had r-apr ure-d (01 po,lt'r il y ;1

memnrahle bacc hanalia (If Rhod e 1"I;lm!e, ,, w ill)

- 11\ lilt' IOllll: arm of r omr ide-nre - found rhe ru ­'>t'1\(·, I II pou (uI IH" Duu h HII' lIl '- 01 Surjuamvome tinu- d uuug th e lat e 17:10... ,\ 10 <,[ participant 'in that ~ab wou ld 1;11 0 hol d prominent PO' 1110'"in the (I\il and IIIIJllan h i..torv of III ' :\b j l·"l ~- · "

(,,10m of Rhudf' lela nd a nd Prov idence Planr a ­lion .. a nd dUring ,ht' Amerir-an Revnlutron . Iden ­tification o f the- re-ve-le-rs i .. pan of till" traditi on oftlU' J elll kt' ''''''> . a Ia n ulv d i.., il1 ~ ui ..hed in tlu- l ift' o !Rhode lvland for ~!·m'Talion.. . ( ' m il it .. "'lle 1ft t!U'Cil\ An \I U '>l 'UIIl , tha t pIC lure ha d alwa v-, 1..:t· 1I III

l ilt' po.." ·.... ion of John .klll 1<('..' dr-..rr-udent ... wh o..o ld i t w ith ~ I "at 1e·luft,m H·, " ,ide [rom its \'a lllt·a.. a wor k of a rt. acwxiauona l in lt'Te ,>1 make.. Sl'a

Cnpta17l\ CafmHlnl: /1l SUfl1lam a puuocaliH''tmh . It i .. li lt' purpo -.c: nf Ih i .. pape-r to exa nu neil II W ,' I!' pov-ihle- 01 prohahle rha t all 01 ..onu-:"t' .... port a n d Pro vidence men h.mrs a nd mar inerv.Iradi l io na l" idt'l\ l ififfi . (uu ld hil\t' bt'e n III SUI­ilJ;lm a l Ihe lime G U'f'llwnod dqJined Ihem III'>l u h Iloganhian a ttiltld{·...

J ohn CnTll w( MMI was IMlrn in BO..tOll 0 11 Ike ­emoc, 7. 1727. IIi .. la lhel Samlld \"·il .. il p rcl'>l M:"r ­ou .. lIlel( halll a nd h i , UIU It· ha;1I a profe,'>ol a l

lI al\il rd . In 17·12 John wa .. a ppl{'llIiu-d 10ThfllT1;" .!nh ll 'I O!l. ,· 11.c: r a \ ('J. prilller. d e ..igll{'r o fg ra n' ..IOIU''' . a nd pailll eT of riu ' hu(kt'h. ..h ip..,

-"I " If" " " "ll WIIIll', o f t . l1 ~li,h . BIO" -11 l 'll i '-" I'il \' . MIKnlll \ 111.1. \(0 h i, fi r' . .. f ....\(·r.l l nmlll hu uon' '" 0 11I[MI/:.... lor r\ ·Ii..· \r"" " 1/:0 - ~Rh(MI., hlalltl C:; llf' II " ..(

17"~." Hhoot' l <!tHld IJ ulo'lrtl l 'iIKIt'/\' (;01/..<110'"~.l:i lOt .nlx-r 19'\~ l 9i , 107 .

!Iv R otrert It'. Kt'I /ln '*

,HId p Oitral"'. (;tW'llwo' KI did all f'n ,l.( t ;l\-i llg o f

Yak Cillit'~c' and ,t hOUI 17,17 hi s '",1 1Tlt'1I01l 111

rlu- fil,t bvan A meruan .nti ..t • Ii i, ..uhjec r \,,1'> ,I

.....rva m . AmII' Arnold. m"I(' rOl l1l1li ;lIh I..no w lI :h

.II'!'e y Nan uv . Thai prim i .. n o w III 111(' :'I-IIN'UI11

o f Fili I ' A I "' , Bovmu. It -, pllh licltilltl l ine It'ad~:

"P rinu-d bv j. Tu rner for j. Bill k ami so ld 11\h un at rlu- "ipt1: 1;111(" III Q Uf1' I\ ,"iUN'1. Bov tou." I ...

udveni-emem a ppe-nre-d in Ihc' H t }\ ( rJl/ (;a~ ,'(/" IIli

1)1'«'11I1,..1 20 , 17·1,'( :\101(' impouam i .. tln- nota ­tio n ( ;Tn ' tl U'tJtl (J ad 1'l l'It m pmnt 1'1 [ecu: H"I lt' il lh

rhe IMII II :l i l ar e tilt' li n t'..:,\"alu.Ti' her l't:!TIOIH Sluff dn/l/a,'\

I II thousand Shap"", (l Ihrlll\rlTl tlll'a\"I:

Th o ' one Form difft'H [rom cnnthr r ,Shl"~ .\ t ll l of a/l thr rerm mrm ,\l II/hn :T hrn, ladir s. 11'1 not IH/dl' rl'\/lt li n ,

RId OW'I that ;\"lI rll/,' ts )'OIlT Snln,

lIu-ir autheu. il u Hkt"d lu- wa .. (;II"t"II WO/.d , a ut II ,

ip.urd In mnn - 111<111 a (C' lltUf\ :'1-11 . I\i plill .~ " n-.mar k that "tln- Co101lf'r .. lad v and J Uth O '( ; ' ;I(ha lt· vivn-r.. under Ih ,' ..kin ,"

Turniug III portranure-. GU'('lI wOfMI pamn-dpt lllllill l '1l1 tIll"" h ;1I1t .., ..h ip captuiuv, ( I C'lg\, IlIUI.

and l.mu lv gI OUp" . Alan BLI"llll~h.. mai nnu nedthut (;lrtll\HMwJ W,I' nOI p.arlil ularlv , I.. i l III hUI1)(,li (> \<'(1 him Ih t' m m l popular po ru a il p.1.illlt ,(

1...lwc,<,n Smiht'll :tIld Coplt,\ . lit' P~llll[{'d h i.. "li b·jeus a ~alll\l Ornalf' bal I..gI OU!IIJ., \ \ l lId1 ~ ug.l!;t·..tc'tlth t·iT :IHhwlII ('. Ii i, ..o n \..-r01f': " I i i .. (ump,lIl\ \ \iI'

..oughl 111 \ fa Int' W,h nOI ((ml lllt'd 10 hi" OWII

lo\.. n. hUI ('x ll' IHkd .11 1 n\t' l .-\ lI l1'licl." l

In 1752. wlt"1l ht, \\'<1" tW l'll l y,lin' , (;tl 'I'llwtlIKllt-fl

Rll..tl)IJ fOI Surina m w ht' lt' h i' I ;uril'd (III hi .. 1'1'011''> '

•

lOX HA C:'\PTAIN~

'1011 wnh t oll'IIll'lahk 'I ll fe". TIlt' f) lI l u m a rv of

Xalllmnl RIOI!.!'!flh\' ~lffOIlIl( - pn-pa rr-d ho mllalWI' of n Ol l o l hi ldl .J (;II';' n\\'ood - ~! a1t'~

rh:u w hile in vurmam lit' !" IIIHed 113 pot tranvand w;" paid H,02:) ,~lI l1dl'l', In :'>old v 175H C W('Il ­wood kit rOI Arn vu-idarn 10 pl'lft'1 I lus ~k ll l i llllwf/olillling In H oll a nd he m ovrd in a rtl' liff lit II '" di d a 11I11111)("1 of ponr;Hh, and ,l udi,'dundr-t FIgt'r'lll'l. ,\fll'l i' ,ojol llll in Pa ri v. he-uuic ed ltl i.ondllll ill l71i1. Thl'll-' he was wt-llIt'tl'I\I '1I , invircd IJ\ .unvr-, Itl Ilw il an nual dinuer;II Ihl ' Tur k-, I lead. ,lilt! III Ih,lI ve-a r I'x hi hi led IWo

pH I U TI" - ""'lI' of Boston, X,Eo and Ponmu of a(;/'/Illnllllll , .\ll hollg h hI ' dill rath er wd l bv hivp~li lllill~ hr- r-v r-utunllv hrrann- all ;' 11 uur tionecr .0\1 t he It' ,!U,"1 oj IIw L u i oj Rul l' hr- jourm-ved in177110 H oll.md and Fran ce bll \'lll g both .-ol1n­l ion, a n d individua l I'ai llllllg"" ,\ pmrrau 0/(;It'I' IlI,'ood Iiol lt' hv \\" Pl' lh t'l ,h"w" vvm bohcal­1\, ,HI iUli,!', lu l"II" with hll l,lw, a m i a ll auc riuu­1,,'1', ham mer, l ie died til :'>o la rga ll' in 1792.

The tIll( ia l vear-, 01 ( ;UT ll wllOd ', l ift' i ll '0 fara, WI ' an- O ll J( e-rm-d \\Ttl' 175'2-17;J,I\ - l ilt" periodof hi, u"l(ll'IHt' III Sur marn. IIn e,li g-in io n 01 rhelivc of Ih o , e a lkg;edly po ruao-d ill C I('l'n WtMMl' ,I'll IIIit' I. 10 a", r-nuin if rhe- , wr-re-, IMl" ibl}' 01

Jlloh.l hh , in Ilw , U,'~t d mi ng Ih f' li lTH' of hi .. l e ~ i ­

dt' lll t' , F l o m l ilt' 11';111, 111 of lht' pi l 1111 1' i l I' I)()\­, ihlt · Ihal lilt' "It' nl 1ll 1 ,~ lll wd l h a n ' I)(Tll tlt'ep ht'll lwt! in hi, hl;,ir l, \felt ' Ih m t' tk p il led;1t Illall yIhe lt ' on lhe hig n i .~ llI , 01 di d C n ', 'n wt)()d fill illIh t, plt ll llT Wll h fatt" 01 R h od t' hl and wort h ie,Ill" had IIWI flom liml' 10 linw dUl i n.~ h i~ six v('a l'inlh" Dllll h lolon\? rill' ha la ntl' o f Ihi . pa[)('rwill ttlll~i,1 of "lillI ' conl' l[Jclng en d nKl' a nd'Ollll' pi a u,dJk (0 11 jl'f Ill[ t',.

\\' h al would b;l\(-' hrollglu lh t' ~t' Rhode hland ­t' l' 10 I III ~ D Ulrh pOll III 17;J2-175H? Trade, R botl "h b lld !own., p r llli l p~dly :-':nq)(11 1a nd P I()\,iti.. nt " ,had fOI \Tar, canied n il a rlu i\ in g- IT ;Hle , If'gal ;m dI lle g"a l. wilh Fn g li. h , b enc h , Sp;mi,h, and D luchcolonie, ill IIH' WI'''' Iml i(', a nd lh e r Orh o fn Ol lhern Smull AII1I'l i(';J. :\\ carty a ~ 1707 CO\e1 ­I l f lT Crl lwe f lf l ilt' Ibl ha d",' , lfHlTp la l llt"d I II Ihe

Blla td 1II ' I'lad,' in 1,'llldoll : " I I wOllld be ,( Hnt'help !O Ihi ~ h Lll1 d If Ih e Trad e hel wlTll :-;e wEn gland a nd Surina m Wt'l;' o h'IJW II'd, fm if I Ix ·r ig-btl\' inlOlIllt'd , g-n'al qualllu in o[ RlIm , S Ug";uand mola" es go in le I ur n lor hOl se~ , flo wer andother Pro\ii \ion~ , "z

II WI ll 1)(' ltTa lkd Iha l troru :'>o lal li:lf) u nnlFelnuarv 17ti:i (; \( \ 11 Bsitai n and Frilllt " WI'I(' in­n-rmun-nrlv at war I II [ IIl O I )\' , Xorrh ,\lIIelll'a. OIlrhr- 11I gh \I'a,. a mi I I I Ih t' \fe , ! ludie-, - tln­

'Ilugg"k kno wn In Arm-r ica a, Iht' Fn-nch audIn d ia n \fa r and i ll Europe a' Ihe SeH' n \" ';11 "\\' ~Il . Al thou gh wa r was nOI derl.ucd until 17:·)1)hovtik- ;rtl, wen- rornnunrd 0 11 ,hI' IIIg-h \I'a, a nd111 tilt' \ft" 1 l ndie a' r-arlv <I' 17'j I F! "IHh \\" ,, 1 In ­

dian I ' 11'l1lit" \\"It' not ,t' lf-'I I'laini llg; Ih ey IH" ­dill I,d 'llg-, Il, lollt'l' , and ind igo 101 ('X pOll andilll portt't! ,lap lt, .~OOt" f rom thr- m Olh l'1 rouutrv.

T wo yt'il1' hdOll' war was dl', brecl a Bllli , hbit )! kadr \, ',1' d i'l llpl lll ,L: Ihl' illleHlllU\t' IWI\\t,{'tlF! ,urtl ' a nd hl' l (o lonit", If th e hlot kadr wa, d ltT­\1\1' (oltllli'l, wou ld ' Uffl'l 101 10lld, and ir wo ul dmuke- Irfi ll in g 0/ lrr-ru h nava l \'t,~,,' I, and prrva­re-e- rv imp..vvibh- in their \\' ("1 In di an IMJlI' , XonhA rm-r uau En g-It , h (O lll rli", - Rho dt, hb lll i I h icfa mong" the-m - look ,uh;mlagt' o f l ilt' vim.mena lit! \llld .1'lpk l'l o \ 'i , itm . , lumber . and hor-« : lflrlu- ivla nd s. la kill .~ ill 1('11 11 11 at \IT\' ~Hh-a lltagl'''u,

la in '1 1.~~11 ant! molavv-,Once war wav de- Ian-d. Ira dlllg wit h Ilw Fr eur h

wav illt-ga l /01 Eugli vh coloma I" and penalucw('n ' "'ITrl', I II' Wl'\ TI , Iradi ll ,C: ( llIl l inut'd wi l li (h t,n e ll lla l D Ull h Ri l ha rd P il! t" ind it;lI'" how in­gt' ll iOll' ('(Illl ma l Irad t'r , ('x p loired D ult h lIeu ­n a lil y -

T ll f' rf',IIT/r ( n J/l 'oll ld nol /if' (IJmlllf'lf' ll,tllloUI

((mlrol of al! f'x/mrl ,\ from III,. h m r( ,1 dOrJI1I1IOl11to 11t'!lIral aJ wt'll a.\ f'llf'/ny emoltru,I, Thu u 'a,1

fJa r ll r ll la rl y 1!f'(t'.I-\a ry to lilt" 11't' .11 [ m l w l , for III,.

Nor/It A m l'T/r aTH had /mlg f'.\lflbll,\It,.d fl Imd/'

lI'llh Iht' F ff'/If h Ihrow!.h III,. n ll l eh ami n a lll ,11I

1,lll/wh. T ht' Irg-/J! Tlghl of lilt' gfJl't'rrlmt'Tl( 10 firf'­

1't"llt /1 1,'a.1 dOldJtful, T o rt',llram Irndt' !I,llh (ht'

,.llOTn' u'al mIt' thlllg-, bill 10 lilioff'lt' with EIIg- ­

111'1/ IH o IJrr l \, whuh 1,'a,1 1/01 df'mIJII,llrgblv d/'­

s!,I!;Ilt'd for IllS IJo rl,'i 1f'f1.'i fl llt!lhrr,~

In a n aH l'mpl 10 pl ug lhi , loop holt' IIll' Boa rd01 Tradl' in Lond on o n O ('[ohe r 6, 17S6 orcl l' I('dcolo ni <t l g"OIt'r lloh lola } an emlJa rg-o on a ll (oln­n ial ,hip' w i lh Cill,gm', of IJTol i,i oll ' u nl e\\ (heyW('It' tO n~ig llt'd 10 anollH'1 Bril i, h (olon\'. Rht M! t'

"'land . WIUfh l'a n 's ref er s 10 a ~ " IhI' !lome 0 / allAhll , e, ," pai d lillie or 110 a rte lt l ion 10 th e, e O f ­

d en , LOld Loudon , Br il ish rom rna ndt'l in A lI1n­il ;\, WTOl t' 10 \fill iam P iu lh al Rhod e " landIT;Hlel ' w,' le "a la w!f'" \l'l o f , m u,t.:g lns. w h o IO Il-

109 ~EA CAJ"TAI SS

1'1 ;t II

'''''' ... 1;."./

I'.\l~ .\ \t. \ IiI II O Q

•• ,:..-l. ...~I '::r'. .'. ........ """ ,' ~ .....',r . ~ " &"'M .~-,

( _" InA.. r. ~ , _ .. I ~ ..

.~ 17(0'1 pit", " I Ih~, If\' o/ I'" ." ", ,,,,b,,. /h~ ""'1'" ,"'" 0/ d~,/ ..."llo" In '1""'111'" (tW Rhnd~

,,/,,',d f!.()od •. ,hOll·.' t" 'n d~m~,," ,.'h" h It,,dn,, u'~ rh~ ''''P''H'''/I~ "I rhn <II Va, a t~nU' ofr",d~ fll. rh~ I' ,,/! h ~ 0" ,1I1p, ", /h~ I,a'/>'" ,"'" /h~ I",' "" ,h~ '11' Idr. I nv / f",m"J.Il"d~IlIHl 1''''' d~ r" ' ~ '''Il/ II''' l!, nr ' 111m,,"" " , Jl ~hh ll ~" '" haal Tn"", . ;';"'''''''''11Hd .1I< 'J)[(' II.Hll l ·.\ 11.1' . .-Im 'lnd,,,,, 1'7(,1}J.

rinual lv "11111'1, Ihr r m'm, wuh what pUI\ I ..i,Jll\the ' ....- <1 11I. and hllll !'; tlu-rr gfMM h in baner lllrthe-m." Ill'sp ill ' penalne.. Ih e hi.e:hh profna hleIradf ' Hout i she-d ill the- lan- I7 .">OS.1

..\n ingr ll io ll, d.., i{l' fm ca rr yin g; on 1111 , uade ­wuh a ,t'I llbLUllr' 01 I t'g; ~di l\' wa ' 11\ mea nv 01flag , o f t t uce-. Rhodr- lela nd a nd Pe-unvvlvarnawere 11I0'1 ,1( 11\1' in rlu-, vu btcrfug e. The owne-r o fa fla .e: Il f It UI I' \ 1·\\("l u lldt'r lfMlk . unde r oath . 10

tra n 'pOlI Frem h p ri ' "IH 'I ' o f W;J I , !!:t"Ilt' rd lh '>t';I­m en . 10 a FIt'IlI h port in rhe \\'(" t Ind ir , 1111'1 (" IIIbe eXl ha ng('l! fo r Blui ,h 'J1 i ~OJH'l s . POll I . olli ~ .

( ~lladt'l"lIpe i ll tt u- Le-eward "land , was tmn bu sed . Thi s ~OOIl berame a r;l(1.1'1. lor d('~pi l l ' a la wfor bidding r-arrv ill ~ mere handi se n il thew e-x­rhanKI' ' O\ ;t~r.., fl a g , nl truce \ t' ,'>t'b someume-,Idt Rhude Island wuh ••, few as 1""0 or th re-ep nsouer s. b ur wu h su bstan ua l ra lgl)l"\ whll hWCI (" sold a t premium prir e- , Admiral Knowle- s

o f rhe- Roval :'\ ;1\\ WIOIt': "The Xo n hem Colonie,uwd 10 bin FU'Jll h Pnvoner-, a t ;1 !!: rt'a l P rill' o fOllr ,lIlolhel fur a PI('I I ' nc ~' 10 ~(J In rhe 1"11'111hlvlaud v tha i III' h ad at It-ng lh Iw('" ohligl'd If)

rhn-an-n Ih t' Fn-m h C o\l·tllllH'1ll th.u he wouldscu d 10 En g-land all FU'1I1 h Pr i, ollt,,,, if thev de­l iven-d ;1Il ~ EIl .~l i ~h 10 :'\or tht'TJl '-Ia ~~ of r rlllt·." ~

0 11 0 11(" (j(I';"ioll G u\t'r nor Il o pl.1J1\ ft ''' I '~,j anag of rr ur e hll' lIst" 10 a cbip owner who had!!:OIW If) Boston In huy French pri wmerv, rbcreIx'in g none av.ula hle-ar lilt' rime- in t" iltwi Prov­idem e III ~~'WP("I " AII (udin g [( l ( ; OH '[l l l lr

Sh ill ," ' JI 1\I.I\\a( hll 'tl· [I,. 110 gU ';I[ Iri en d nl -Rhodr­

leland . ov er \i x" fla y; , of tr ure . laden wu h car.~n,

saikd from Rhode "land po rtv III rhc vr xtee-nmonth-, IJl('\ ill u , 10 17Sl'L ( ; 0\'1'111111 Chmou of:'\('w Y ork ..o ld Spani sh and Frellt h 1)(1 'o(IIU" r ~ at'0(1 rnanv pl\l ol r \ IX'! head. The t)ll' lfIe~, had go t­n-n so OUI of hand that ill 1759 Governor

I]() _~ f_" C.-\ PT,-\ t N~

Hopkins at t ht- ~lJOllg uq;ing of William P illrefu -ed to g ra rlt all ~ more f1ag~ of truce.

It ha -, IWI'II non-d that Rhode ls la nd'v tradewith Surin a m wa ~ of Ion.": ~ t a [J(h llg - a nui-anceto tlu- Briush a~ ea r ly a ~ 1707_That Surinam. a

Duuh port a nd neutral. had g:n'at udvantagr-, forlo lo n ia l nlt'lIh al1l ~ "'.j~ made even mor e (lea rdming tlu- Frt 'II1 h and Indian War. 111 17.15Danid .It'n. ke-v. who llla ~ have hlTTI al t ht- Sur ­iu.un ( ;il oll ~al , W,l~ nne o f a {omrn ittl'l' of hn'appornn-d In t he Rhodr- leland Avsernhlv to draft;1 h ill proh ib it ing ex pOl t of Iood 01 war m;:llnialstoanv FlI ' IHh I)llll ill Nonh ..\lJ1t'l ica . One sen ­te- nc e- in tilt" hill i-, ~i g-l1lfi! ';llIt : "Proviciunv vhal lIw landed wirhiu hi -, .\bj l'~ I\"S domi nion s and,ww!lne e/'p u nh-,-, al Surruua m. Esquebo 01

Re,I....1li t ' ~ , "h

I-hI' Dut ch ~O\ t ' l l1l 1H' n t had opene-d trade withrllg:h ~h uun haru-, 11 11 70 1_Tbt, ,1g'l lTIll t'1lI supu ­lau-d 'b,1l parr o f t\1t h (al go wa c draft hm*~ fm1I,t" 0 11 t he- , uga l plant.niouv . R hode Is land \:'I.;anagan"'tt rounuv raiv-d vturdv work animal s.and rlu-v, w ilb ,ht, somewha t in ft' t io r Rhode Is­

land lOb;u ( 0 , lumber . ,w d pto\i~iOlI~ wet e 'laple~

01 trade 1I,('d in obl'linin,!!; I ,U,e;Ot'~ of 1l10b~", ' s a nd' Ug,ll at lh! ' Dllll h poll . Onll' Ih t' war ~tan ed th t'Dut( h lran"lllppl'd Yankt't' plol'i,ion, to tlwFn'l l{h i~lalUk Thi ~ hi g-hh plOfit 'lbl e l rade \\'d~

Ilm'art' llnl by lilt' Brill ~h " R u k 01 I7:J6" wh ichhdd that a IIt-UlJ ;t! power co u ld Itot In wa r 1IJl1('leg-ally engage in a rradt' lorhiddell in pt'au',!\:onn.dh' Ih t' DUl( h did flOl Iladt, wilh henrhWt"1 Indian i,lanel, . a nd their \TS't'lS welt' t l lll ~

~ u bj('C1 10 fapture hy th e Royal :"'al'y . Tht' fha mt'

for hanU SOllH' P'(lfH ~ kepI th e trade fl(}lII i~hi ng.

l TlIIler 11I ('ssurt' frolll (;fIITrllol Sh ir lq a lld I ,llldLoudon , how('n'l , the Rbf)(h' h la nd ASM' m hl\' injalluiln 17:)7 10lhadt' "e x po n a rio n h 0 111 a ll)' POltor plan' wllhm thl ~ fo lon\' to a n\' Du rch o r lIeu ­rral por !. '" Thl ~ IS n llt ' o l lh e law .. Pa rn probahl yhad III !JUlld when he' 'l'ill'll lhal " R h ()(!t, hla ndpa "t'll 1,1\'0"\ \~-bif h would hillt' had .'xf(' lIel1l rt' ­

su l t ~ had tlwy Ix,t'n t' nfOlTed and obeYf'd."Trading Wilh th l' ('IIl'Ill\, IlSlIlg f1ag ~ 01 tnlH',

aml trad ing wllh ;1 ilt'utra l r,,"ion, the D u \(h , fo rtlan'iShipping- plovi sioll' 10 rht · Frt 'llfh ha \'e be!'l lnOled . Our R hnd t- hbnd all(e~lor.. had sril l an­Olht'l fle\it e ro tlUll an hOll e"l poum! dut ing wal­tim! ' . Pfl Va lt ' t'l IIl g-.

A pri \-att't't is all alllled ITSSt'! . ow ned and

manm-d In prtvare IWl ..on s. fommi~ , i()lwd hv tln­gov er nment . aUlhorillll g thl' owm'l~ 10 1l~1' it

agaill ~1 h ' ''lile nauon-. p.mirularlv JI1 lilt' raprllr('of me-r r haru ~h ilrIJillg . Ttu- r curum ....l()IJ ~ , rallcdIt 'llt'r ~ o f marque . we-n- iwued hy tfn- Admirahv III

In rolonial ,e;O\t"lll O[, when authorizr-d In th e Ad ­miral tv . I' l il 'a let'r in g- W,l' verv popular wuhRhode Ishmd uu-n hanr v and mariuer s. 111 the Warof the Spauivh SUn t'SSlOIl, 1701·li l :i, CaptainWilliam Wall ton of Por rvmour h . fi r~1 Rhode lv­land privau-er , wa-, uunnussionrd on jum- 25 ,170210 opera te ag-aiml lilt' Flt"I1( h in the Cull ofSai ru Lawrence. l it, n-tumed t" ;'\: ewpOfI in Sl'p­tt'JJ1I)('r with th ree r-apuned ~hip~, one III th em ;1

French ptivan-er , and all loaded with fish . DUlin gKing (;('()Jgt" ~ W,lI ( 1739 · 17'11'1) th e gover nor ofthe colon y Wil~ authorized by thr- king 10 i"ue"k-tu-r-, o f :'.IarqlH· and Rt'!'r i~;ll 10 anv 01 eunlo \' in g- ~uhjt'{I~ , " T he gover nor. in nun , author ­ized rhe r-a p rai n " [0 ~t"t fonh ill a hovuk- manne-rth r- sa id n ·,,,, 'lundt'r hi-, romma ud and tln-n-wir hhy fOI(1' o f ar m v 10 appr r-h..nd . ~('ilf' and rak e rht', hip" \t' s~t'I~ ami good s helon gin g 10 Sp,rin 01

Franre and hrlllg' rhem into a COUll III :\dl11ilal t~

for roude-nuuu iOIl ." ~ ;'\: t-ar lv IHO pri \',ll t'('l, \\'1'\1'

rommi cviom-d ill Rhode- lvla nd h t 'IW! ' t"n 1702 andlhe o ll lhn 'a k of ll'\nlulior l SCHnt' d"t lllglll~ lJ('d

co lo n ia l fanllli t·~ t'n gagl,d in Ihi , lll( tal in' hut

dallgl'tou~ t'lItt'rIHI~t ': B n l wl I ~ , :\LtIIJtJll('~, Ellt'IY".l Tpdike.., Anau lr.., .I 1' Jl( knt ·~ , and H o p kin ' t" _ Fot­lUnl'~ wele matle and 10,1. Rle hanl Pallridgt" aQllakt'l, ti ll" COIOll\ \ ag('nl in (,o m lo ll , n 'l)llIwd10 the king in 1757 " th a t i l is well knowll Iha tlhe Culm1\' afOl,d i~ ex trt 'mel y ohnoxiull ~ to Ih f'h el ll hand nlllt ball o hjt'f 1 of th l'n R{,~l'lllmt Oil;I{(o t III th e grl'at .\Ii'l hid dOll(' to 1ht'il Tladt,tIuring lIlt' la'1 Wa r 1)\ R hd l'ri\att '!'l\ 01 ....·h it hlhl'y fitlet! oUI mor e lhan ,Tn \ o lbl'l of tht' :"'onh­et n Colon\s. "~ It i, ,I bil ,1 ~ ' U lll P l io ll lllal pr i\'a ­l('e'" pl('ying on FlTflC h ~hlPPll1g in lIlt' WestIn d it" would freque ntlv p u t illlo Suri nam , a Ilt'll­lral 1)l1ll dmi n g- 17.'H · 17.'lH,

Given the poli tical \ ilUalion a t the liTllf' lhel(, isgood r('a\OI l to helil'\'(' that Rhod(' Is land mari nerselll'!:aged in p r iva let'ri llg , f1a g-~ of lmce. or lradingwi lh a lIelllra l na tioll would make freq ul' nl U~f' oftht, DUlch port . It ~holi id hf' nOll'd tba l ohta ulIlll'!:a ca rgo al Slltinam t.o u ld be a li me -nmsum ingbllsint:'s~ . There well' no warehou,t'~ whert:' a te­lu rn cargo could oc r('adily ohla ilwd . A raplilin or

III ~FA C.",PT,",l :';~

~ u p('lcaIKo Ircquetulv had tll \(';lIc h uru a I'Lt Il U'I.

~lJpph' him ... ith wood Ior !uIH'h and wa ll lo rdl'll\en of ~UK:;1t and n1<)la~....~ at the 1'011 . Th i~

makes qtnte p robable that 011I ~h i pma~ler~ roulda ll he in por i lor '01111' time il ....-ai ung car~Ol'~_

wha t e\ ide-nee i, rhen tha t tho\(' lust v so ul-,lim ned 11\ Green w ood were " WIt"?

II is believed that john jenfLf'\ purr haced 5~l"a

Captam J Carou IHlJ:r HI .... urmnm; c(,Tl;l i nl~ un u lit-, cale 10 t he C il)' An xtuseu m it wa-, never o ut01 th e 1 )I ,,~e'>5i on 01 hi , di rect desCf' ntlt'IlI~. FIllrno-r 0 1 1....·0 reru ur iev t he p it run- hung m Ihejt'IH Le.. homestead o n Smi thfield Roa d . XonhPTl l\ idf'l1I e , where jt'I1ILe,>' dewenderus lin ' OIlIh i, tim e. From IRI9 un n! IHSH the- p.uruin g wa..

in Ih t' BlooLlim", Ma csac huv-u .. home of :\Iar yj t'luLe\ Wild ( :\11'. C ha rles Wild ). While there ilIIIU!ellH'1II an unfnrrunate H ' ..mrarinn bv a loca l..i.lI:ll and ('aniaKI' painn-r. 011 j U1l1' 6, IHiMEd ard A. Wi ld . brothe-r -in -la w 01 :\Ir.._ Wild . p UIin , i li n~ the Iamil v uadinon a bout the pe-rson-aKt'~ rcpn-cented in Ou-en wood ... pai n ti ng . Wrld "note " The O ld jcncke.. l)ietur t"" is IIU' 51a rr lllK:1'01111 ol thi .. t·nquir~ . 10

The llilin linv; nwa..U1t's a p prox imatd )' 38xi51I1( tit''>. In t hi~ Il'Lu iw'ly " na il art'a all' tWl'llly -tw ofig IlH·... o n ly (('n of whom han' 1)("t"1l ide n tif il·d.John jem I.:e\ i, ,how 11 in Ihe ri~h l hac Lg:rOlllldholding: a (-andle 10 h~hl tht· \,:a, for (;rITnwoodwho i.... tt·ad,'in~ h im'l"lf al II\(' d OOl .....al a, Ill"\ ol1lih . In til(' l i ~ht fOH'RrOiIiHI ~ il hoi a.. I'o wt-,o f Pro, 'id l'IlCI' i, Jl;1\·in .1:: ;r dane in ,l:: [1' ''011 to \'oun g(;I)lHre\' :\l a lbone o f :"-: t'WI)llll _Sea led ;11 a ro undl;lble. in \ a n in /;; de~H't"\ of (on'\.CioU'lle5~ . ;ltl'

'tt'"u'n men . Al Ihe leI! of 11ll' table i\ ;1 mallIh ll1L i ll.~ from a ra i, t>t! ho ..... l n b,t'rn>tl hy a gl' mlc-­mall holdin~ a lonv; p il M' ill h i, r ig-h i ham!.~t'ilheT of Ihe\t' .....nr lh it·~ ha , ht>t'n id t,ntified ,~ I O\' in ~ c1ocLwl'" Ihl' IIt"XI lig:llle. dre..",u in gra' ,weaTII1~;1 QuaLt·' "!)\" lliit i, (:aplain :":ifhola\CooLe 01 :":t'''·IMln . .-\ lon~ ' tt'm med pipt· I'> fami ­ly '>I:'I'n ill h i.. !t·fl hand . lit, i,> ( ba tt ing ..... ithC"lpla m E",·I.: I lo pLln , . a fa mou\ IHi,·at ttr..IlMn...ho hold, a wilw ~ Ia" i ll hi, kit hand and j~

i~nOlillR Iht · \I('t'pin~ "gllll' o n h i,> Id l ..aid 10 hI"h i, Inothel SII'I'lwn 110,,1.:111\ . T o !I ll' Idl (IfS tt'll !wn I l l lpk i l1 ~ ,ii' a bl \Il'-( lliItt'd ~ 1t·t' IM'1

Iholl ~hl tn he J O' l·ph Walllo ll o f ~t'WPOIt who i,ahnut 10 1M' halhl'tl in punth ......hilt- ;II Iht' .,;lIneIIrnl ' ('..;tpt,lin ,\ lI\hto , (' PaRe of P to , id t-nee ,omi"

in to Itll' ,]( 't'pl'"l ', poe LI·I. Two fr,l:: lllt"' . !j\ 1I,II!1 ­

non Dutchme n . ma y be no ted . One ce-a red on ar he-vt , Inwe-r ri~hl , co-m-, 101M' llllhlll g a k g . hurt

per hap.. in the (',en ing 's g-d it, . :\ " 'cund Duu h­man. <lIt,,,t'<1 in gral . holdin~ ;1 hottll ' a nd ~ Ia\, I '

' ta ndi ng be hi nd t he ,Jtoep i n~ wanton. A uad uionin rhe Iarmlv hold, that rhc g:(' lIlkma ll ill Ih t't;lhlt' wi th lu-, 1"1( L to the vie-we-r i-, Danielj "IJ(ke-, lalhel o f john. Wilh flin t' R hude h -land revclh-r .. {Onj('cll lI;t ll..- idenufied. k , uv ex­am in e wha t i ~ Lno wn of tlu-ir when-abour-, in the­1750, 10 'it'e if rlu-v could pt.)~,ihh have bee-n inSurinam at rlu- lime nf rhe partv .

It seems probable tha i the flil rt, occurred ahe!the derla ra rio n of war in 175fJ ra ther th an earlier ,Trade th en wav ricku-t hUI p lofi l'> were al so g lea l­er . T' he o lcle"t celebrant at rhe part' wou ld ha n 'IM>t'n Dan u-I J('I1(Le.., about ,'iii in IiSK , 'it'nwtllill!rl t"! nf the film of l j .miel j en r k...... and "ionwho hat! traded wnh Sunnam a nd the Wl' ~'

Ind H'" fo r m anv \'(''11' . Dan iel .J ell( Lt·.. wav for,o rne ''1'',11'> a j ucure o f rhe COUll of Com monPleas: in li6·1 om' of Iht, ()J i~ill;( 1 uu,u'!.', ofRhod t, 1vla nd C.olleg:t·. now Brown l ' ll i \ e r ~ i l \ ;

a nd a gl'llerou' (on lll hutor to the hllildin~ 111I ?iS o f li lt' Fil 'l Rilpti ,[ :\It' t'ting: Hml\t', o ldt,,,B;'pli ,t ,huIch in :":OI lh :\mt, t i('a. II I' f('plt'\l ' l1IedPlOndelll t' in Ihe Gt'llt'l al '-\ ~ "'mhh' from l i BllIu il 1757 . SiK:llifi(amh. pt·,h'lp5. Ilt' did 1101" ;llId 1(11 de( 110 11 lhat \ea r but .....a' l'!t"CINi III17.'iH and 'eI\Tc! (On ti lll lo m ly Ulll il 1771. In [75:)h t· ....'a ' o n a n A,~'mh[\' n llllm lllt'l' to pa , Iht·Rhode h la nd lIollP~ ~I'lil 10 CII)\" Blt' lOn, ;lIld ht,aho hellM-d draft a hill prohlhilln~ ,hlpmnll ofp ro" j\i on , 10 a n\' Frene h pOT! in :"-:011 h Amt·, i( ;1 ,Iht, bill pr t'\' l oll~h I1wllliollt·d, ....,h it h ' IMTi fic llI\pt 'lmi ttt'd tra d ing: wi llt Sur in am . In [757 Dan ielj t'lukt'\ a nd SOil h illt'd Ihe Aw : m h h fllr 8~)ll ulld !> . SO ,hillill~" fot hoarding FIt'm h J.ol h o n ­en of wa r . a nd SO pound\ " In l Ct ITying:- an O ldFrt'lHh rn;ttl to Anl lg ua a nd home a.~;r i ll in tht ,~ Ioop Kill" i<l4I," a f1 a~ o f tlllu·.11 Wl wthel th eFrench m an wa\ '>0 old a nd m ili la ri h lI' I'It'" thaiFrench oUkiah in An li g:ua wo ul d nor ~wap himfOI a n able-hodied E Il~Ii..hnl;tIl, o r whetht·! Ih ll ­it'! j efl('Lt·.. and Son Willlted 10 hold him to ma kt·leKaI <I nothn voya ge willm'H'1 he Lflo wn . .nlt'Il>t el pt fell 1.liI Hn ' ·1l1 of Ihe\(' h iII, ...·01 ' ,igllt'd I" joh nj t' llI ke, who plnhabh wa, Oil Ihe \o\ac:,'. l ilt' ,-\,­~'mhly Tt'c{)rd~ al<,(1 ,>ho', Iha t Dilll lt' l Jt·IJ(Lt·~ ill

11 2 'f A CAPTAI'-'; S

~'''4 C,.plam. C/I''''''.' ''' ;: m '1""'11"'~ 1> \. J"h..c .......I<·",><I.I,H.

I",.."" TIv" I. ...." ...~""'... <>I f.,

.

li:li W.I' lin ;1 lllmmi"1'" 10 ",allllllt' all f1a~ IIIHU'" , h l l" It';t\in.e: R hll, k h l;tllt lill a"IIII ' that 1If)

ca l !o:" III"I lllt l lha l IWle"a ,\ II) k~'(II"I'I,nt'r, ,IIUII U"\ , wav car ned . Thl ' nll~llI "':TIIl 101M' ""11111!!;

the fn , III !!; ll.ltd lh t' ,hI< l.' ·I1 ' . :"o:OIIll!i: rhar Daniel.!t'IUl.I·' "-,I' not ,I m embe-r o f tilt' .\ "('lIl h " hom:\1.1\ li ':li t1111l11hc folhmll1 !o: H·.n , Ihf'l t' i-, a11l'''lhllil\ t h,u lit' ( o u IlI 11;l\(' \o\ ;u.:nllf) Ih, ' WI'\ IJlltll~" ,lI ltl 'vur mam ami I,,'ul h.1I1.. III nme forII·dnl lllll III .\1 <1 \ 1'1."'.'4 . II ",'( ' lIh Jaill\ Ct' l l;li nIha l John J ..I1C I.,... h;l .. III "' 1II 1I1,lIn ; h i , lathercould 111",, 111\ al..o h;I\~' 111 '(' 11 .

I he .I{I,,, t1 l'1l\ ;m 011 \111' !;H .. ilk 0 1 lht' rahk­w('all l1g a niccun ha l ;1I1l1 hhl!' I ' MI wuh u-d

1<II 11 1g i ....aid 10 bl' F ..,,1.. 1I0(ll..ill ". lir "l l orn ­11l ' lIltk r·in-c b id 01 11 11' C"1I1111" llIa l :"o: ;l\~ . Ollt· 0 1({ll llIll' J..lan d ... Iamou.. ({1·\ "l llI ll lllal \' fi.I{UII·v.ROlli In ."'1uuan-. t lu-u pal l 0 1 (' ro \ idl"lu I'. O il

.-\1'111 :!li, li lM, h ..1.. wou ld h,l\" 111 '1'11 "houllOv heu ( ;" "I'lI wIIII< I p;lillWd lilt' I' il 11111' . One of11I 111', Iuldn-n . Ioru 0 1 whom "1IIIIIIwI'(1 t ht- ....a. "

IJ(' ..hippe-d ;1-. a " ra w hand" "II Ill .. hiorlwiW IIII,lIl1'" \('....e-l 10 "'UIII1;1111 III li.'l'l . l it> "oolll{tll,I COIl1I11 ,II1t! HI h i.. 11\\11 ;U II I wuh Ill " I"olllt'r .."'u 'plwfI and \ \ ' jll l,lIl1 "a.. ;.....lH i;llt '(l 10' rnauv\ , ';11 " " IIh 1' f1 ' \ it/t 'lll I' and :"o:1'h 1M 'II rm-reh;IIII'hhl' d" "II,"!1 ..harl·" In ..hil'" , 111lI1fl,IIlIII'cll,\ him .,\ 1 on" 1If1le' in lilt' 1j"I>lh 1111' lI o p l.. lII" "muhIJ\\ IlI'(11 1I ..11 ;111 '11 "WIWI,hlll III "I' lfT Il \t" .... I· I, . I ~ In

lill Ill' Illa ll lt'd Ik "lf( ' BIII ,ou~ Il ... 1"'II~hlt'l of ;1Ill"" h.llIr ,lil t! " 'a ,alll;lIlJ . ,mcl l" I'cI III :'\f ''''''1'"1110 1 ;IIIIIUl It'll \1\11 " , III I j" :,:! 111" 1ll0\("(llO Pun 1­,It-llll' ,l1 u l "lOll wa .. 1111;1 10 11I 111 1111'(' 10 " h a \ f' I·;tll ·of till' ... hoo l h,," ..,' and "pp"llli a I('al h"1 fOI ..;tidhOIl ...·." \\' jlh hi m lIll Ihi .. l om l11l1l "I' wa ..:\il h"la .. ( ;" ,,1..1'. a l" , a "'Ill m ,1I11 P;Ill\ gon . Oillhl ' d l" I,u ;uioll III W;11 ill l i ':.li. :\f' \\ p" " alld(' 11"idell ' " Ilw IC h a lll .. h;...I'· IIn ll,. l lllJUr \(' ....I·j.,, l ' I I\ ,II'TI ... TIH" 11l1g-;II1 IIIll ' / ' rm ',dn " r -o lIn l h\ :"0: 1< hoi.... ,11111 J o hn I\l o h ll . ;-': il h"l....1~" ..... f·Il , .\ m l)l, I...· P.Ig, ' . ;Incl 1'.,, '1.. 11"l ll..ill-.­m,t11~' Ihu'(" ,IIHf'....ful \(J';t~"" d ll l lll~ 17:l6·5M..... ilh lI o pl..in .. <1\ Ihf' IIM..I('l. In J all lla ,,' 1756l'ml"d,.,ut' caplUrt'd il .. fir \ 1 pr ill'" wh ll h 110 1'1..111 "!o:all ;llIll, 1"II;llllnl />"\' ,,, III hllll"1 clf hi .. " iit'olilt" hU'IIlI'" ,llId lllll{allllll ill 1'" " ,/,1",/(,, ' , I ;III~

lUI" " ",I" h;tntlll"il 11\ .1 ,,1111 BI', ..... II, 1111'11 1>111\1"1'll!\ \( ',11' " Id. It I' llllt·' ....lIl1g III;" /)n/r,. \ 1i!'1\ ''';I~'' IIIIdl"1 ht"! (' 111\ 111, '111 1' IIW I1<"I .. W,I' iiI "',Ir·111.1111 " 1·lw hUlI ll l1g ~1l11l11l1 111 lh,'", IJlI\alt't' I ..

""' .1" 1II rllt' ( :;11111"'\11I ,.. Ullht· \ \"..... 11lI1i t,.. <I1l11 il

I" "mill'" IM"..ihlt' Ihal on "m' 01 1110'" III Iht' ....\ II\ ;II{'" 1"",1.. Ilo p l.. m .. c llu ld h.u e pUI III ,II

"'IHIll,IIn fOI PIO\ l .. i"II" and 11I1....lhh ;l (;lI.L:" IIIhllll l{ h.1< I.. ltl ({hl.KII· f.,l;tmL lt

On 1':...:'1.. ', It'h in tilt' ( ; ll'~' n h lH II I purure. ar ­IOldlll~ 1'1 Jf' IH I..f'" Ianulv 11 ;lIllIi'III , ..In·p" , he-ad111 h.md. Su-phr-n 11. " . 1.. 111 ... "'tt"f,Ilt"1l \' ~I' born on:\ tlll h 7. li07 . tht' Hnh Hili' HI fr\( ' ...: 111 .. III

W ill i.lln and ({\I1h lIo p l.. lII \ \,'ho did nol "fo llo wIIII' " ',1" In hi ....ar lv \1';11' ;1 bl llll"l ;11)(1 ..urvevor .Iw w, ... ,II tivt- i ll 10 w 11 a Hai l'. IqJl ....,·lll ing ~I i t­uau- ill rl1l" (; "111'1;11 .\ " " l1lhh hrnn l i 12 unu!l i ,12. III 1716 h e- wa .. ,·kl l,·,1 ~I Ju,lIl" of tlu- Co mto f C O lll ll Hlll Ph-as, In 17,10 I,, · jouwd E,, ·1.. III h ...lnrvim-.... ve-nnut- , an d t wo \";Ir, lan-r 11](I\Td rl '(' r,, \ id l·rlt (· wh..,,· II(' livr-d ill ;1 m od ,'" !rOil"" " 11"'o tl lh ,\ t , in 'cncer /l h.. hm l'" ..raud-, llM I:1\ n-.

Illo"'" III ;J lIf'arl" 1" 1;llio lil . 11" 1'1..11I ' wa, t"!n u-d.1-:""'''101 ol lht" 101011\ III l i "" 1 and li:llI. II i....1ll11·....1ll Wi ll i;lI11 ( ;" '1'"' ' c1i"c1l11llflil l' a nd in\ t lll h Ii."'!'! Il o p l.. m .. wa"l·lnlnlli. fil l (;",('11(""u ... ·, p irt·" 1.. 1111 and rnntmne'd ill ullio' uruil \1;1\

l i li:! 11,· auend-d th« .\ IIMIll ( ~ ' lI \t 'n ll O Il in li:II .IM~allll ' hi..ndlv \..-u h B euj.mun Fr,llIldlll , ,lIld II"

nuued 10 R hll(Jt. lvl.m d ,III I·llIh ll ' I....111 "UI' P" I!I'1"I f-ranl..llf1 ' .. plan 101 .. 101"111 .111111I011 lI o p l.. i n ,W;I' 111I' lit,1 Ihanl ..II,II ..1 Rh' lIlt- hLlIlcl Cnllt-gt',lIn l ;l \i g lWI (,flht' Ik l 1.II ,lliol' of Ind '·I" ·lItkn(( ·.l'

Chw " I h ... 'ucu·....11I1 \I 'IIlIl11'" wi lh F...: ·1.. W;I.. ,IP,Il IlWI..h lp III Ih l' p li\it lt'l '1 U"tn l\af \,hi(h nMd ,'" '\t 'I;Jlp!olilah lt' IIll ;" " ;1.g;11t1-.1 I'l f'IICh ..fll l' p IlIg<f lll i lig 17FJ·17 'ltl . In tilt' Ii:!n.. 110 ,,1.. 111 " (;llIit"d.111 ,ill ;11 111110111011' 1" ,1 1111 :,1 kwl Wllh "',11111Wl\ \' ,u tl ," lorlllt' l go\(' l lIor ..... ho 10,,1.."<1 .dlf'r :\('w ­!,'OII IIw· rnt-. III tIll' ( ;"'11',;11 .\ ....,·lll llh ;1.. 110 1'1..111 'I,,, ,l.. , ·d ,1fI" 1 lh " .... "I 1'1' ,\ idt' lll ,. ;lll d IIll' !lor Illl"I 11to wn , "f l it, · ' l;l lt·. OUI of Ihi, il l kd ill .~ l ;lrm ' ,I..la n dl' l \\li, Il o pl..il1" "'Il'd \ \' ;ll d .lIul tJl" Chi ' W;I"h'\ lltl ll1 \\"c HI ....l'·1 III "" '1'11 '111111"1 17':li . I lopl..lII"Ill ..!. h Ul rill' tr Ia l I kalh ..111m .. Ih;1I he' \' ,1' inR lll lIll' hb llli or \ 1,1 al hU""h ,II II'a ' l Ulllil "'1'1"It'mIM'' 1j" :"J i ..\ ... h~' w , ,1"1 r"1 1 ~"\ l"III'" III .\b"hli :li'l rhl" ;1110 "' '' onh 11\1' month .. 1111 11I1ll 10 ha\('\lJ\ ,I~I'(IIO "'UlIIl.tnl ;m tl lMc I.. .\ ...1 , .IIUlllbw fOI"lilt ,. III ,I II pll>h.lhlhl\ hI' \\011111 kl\t· ..1,1\('(1 in

R lu lIll' "l.lIld .."Ii, iling "11"111111 " ,11'1" '.11" Ih.1Ililt" It·nll..,·.. lJ,ldlll l'lI lIkllltl\llI~ "'11 'l'lwII 11"1 1­1..111-. ,I' 101 '" 01 Ih,- 11'\1"111'" ... \'I"II~ . II clO('" " Till ,hi ml·\( ·I . Ih .1I IIIOlllt'! \\. i I!I,lIl1 110 1'1.. 1II". a I1MllIlf 'l

115 ~f.A CAPT," I .....

and pli\all"t"l ..man rould haH' IX'I'1l in Surinam a trhi v li me. II i.. eOIl;t'lllIIe hUI il w-e-rn .. mon- pso b­ahle than tha i Sn-phcu Ilopkin .. was thl'u·.

The 141'1l11t'llla ll in q uakel ~r;l\ holdill ~ a 10111-;

..n-mmed piJx' and t halt ill~ wirh I-:..e l.. H fJp l...lII " i..<;.;Iid III Ix' :\"il hob .. O:x,kt'. born in Pro vide-me- 1111

Februarv 3. 1717 ami died th er e 1782. Ear lv inlife 11(" "'1'111 10 ....;1. wa v an able- eaptmn and u..u­all\ a 1);111 ,lwnl'l 01 \("""'b he commanded. Later

he r anu- a ..holl' . e-..Ia bl i..beda rOlx' manufa. 101\

and did ..llIp repans. li t· a 1"1) operan-d a d i..nllcrva nd wa .. a tl>TI ..ide-rahle- landownr-r ill ~I a ....af h u-..e-u-, a nd COtHlt't ju ut a .. we ll .... in Rht...ll· lvl.rud.Cook e wa .. deputv !(o\t' lIIor 111 176H. 1769 . andagain III 1775 . After Le x ingto n and Concord on.-\ p ri l 19. 177.'j lilt' Rhlldr lela nd A..'>t-mbl~ author­ised the- t;u ..ill!( 01 ;111 ". \ 1111\ 01 Ob-ervanon" forddc·n ..r- 1.1 1111' r olonv. (;O\ellll.1 Jo..eph wam o n .hirnsdl lwth;tp.. d me-mlx-r of tln - Su rinam pa lly .Id u'oI'd 10 .i!( n Ih t' ;1f I .md wa .. vucpe- nde-d hom(Jilin' bv the- _-\" l' m h l\. :'I: ifhol a .. Cooke w;'" r-h-r-t­rei 10 fill hi .. p!;Ut· in :\"mem lwt 1775 . hd d fllIilt"(01 Ihltt H·.Uo;, and \olullla ri ly u 'l ilt'd 10 pti\'atc'lilt-..-\.. !(mt'rrlor fin .\ 1.1\ -I. 1776 ht' ~i!(nt'(llht'

rt'lllllKiallflll of alk!(i;lIh't' 10 C,t'ulg;t' III \owdIh;11 d;l\ In Ihe C,('llt'fal .-\ ~ <,t'mh l ) t'X<l111\ 1"'11

lIIu nt h .. Ix' lol(' Ih e Cnlll inl' lIIa l Cnll~H''''' t!t"( I,ned(Jilt indt' IN' lIdt ,tltl' ho m ( ; , (';0 Bri l.lin . O:Hlkt· wa ..a tr u~ lt'(' (If Rhod e hlaml ColIl'!o;I' fro m !7j)li u nt ilhi .. d t'alh .l-

:\-I ar iti m t' Pa P<' f~ in the- Rhodt' hland Archi\'t'"s~how :'I: ich o la s Cool..e- pan o w nt'r on IWO ona­sions 01 \t"~'>t'h namffi PrOl'id~nu_ Onl y fht' sllXJpof Iha l namt' con((' III.. us. bondffi o n :'\:O\'e-ffibt'r I.17.i 7 wilh :'I: ichola~ C..ookt' a nd AmbroSt'" Pa~e a so w nl' rs alld "10 pro(t't"d. h en et' 10 Pon Lolli ~t' o nII hpaniol a in Ihe Wesl Ind ies. a", d Fla.~ o f Truct'w it h a numher of Pri<,(lIl t'r s. Su hjt"r1s o f th t'Frell(h Kill ,lit who ha\'t' been brou,lithl illlo Ih is(OUlllrf ~inct' Ihe- r.ommence-ffie lll o f tht" Prt"st'1lIWa l ""ith FranCt'. a nd fro m thenct' 10 br inK su(ha nd 'to man y Bri ti sh Su bjt'Cu a .. a fe Pri <,oneT!> inIh t' ">a id Port Loui~ as he- ca rr iffi wi lh him . ifIh t"re to Ix' had in [X( han ,litl' for Ih l' Pri'tOneTS""h o m lit' ca rr ied in lilt' sa id Sloop."

As Daniel Jt'lI(kn dnd "Oil Joh n wt're e.a ITy i ll~

p ri\O Ilt' ... in K " Hl U: ll t . \0 luI) Wf'rt' N icho la sCool..e- a nd Am bro Sl' l' aKt" in P' OI" dn lu . Cool..t'billed the (ulon\' "fur Boa rd of French Pr i ~oner 'io

(o n Ship) [&1 :5:16 and Ca ITyin!/: Fr t'n chmt'n 10

Wt'SI In d u-.. [100:10" and fUllht"! noted . " Thevwa nt adnutu-d In land Iht' ht'll l lum-n a l Bar­had " t·... \\' ;1'> obl ig-('d III IM\' hi s IM ....;I,I-;t· 10 An ti ­gua ." Th l'> ;u!tk d 1" 111 INJlllHh to tbt' bill. 1I1l1"there i.. 1'\ itll' lllT Ih;l l a \f'\wl owned b\ CtNlk('and l·'l .~l ' wa .. in the- \'iti n i... 0 1 'sur m a m .tlu l mav\\'t·1I hav e ..loPlx"!,l Ih('l(' to PICI.. up (ar.~o fOl the\o\'a!!:I' horne. d r-"IJlII- Ihc' Lit I that Ihi .. "' ;1 " (01­bidden in Iht" bond .

Shown In' Gre~'llwooti \fJlllill llg mru 11ll' INII kr-tof slt'f'pJllg .lo..-ph \\' ;1111011 . A llll ll o ..t· I'a g!" wa .. ;J

pr onuneru a nd we-ll-tu-dn I'l fl\ uh-nre ttH'11 hant .vhip nwnr-r . ..h ip rna . EI·I, and ill( itlellta l l\ lne u lu-r ­in- law III J(lh n Jt·ru I.. t·~ . He- die-d on ))t'( t·m lx·t :!9.1791 ;lgI'11 riM , Thi .. dare wa-, found on IIII' mvideco\el 01 , I " , " f)ul(J~" fur thr True Chrivian/)11''''11" tl\ Robeu B.n d a \ . JllIlllt'd 1)\ ];1111(' ..

Frankl in in :'I:ewlXIII i ll 1 7 :"~I , T ill . ran- IN11. 1... . adden ,,' (If the- Q lM kt'I ". W;t. II..t-d rarlu-r rhan t lu­Bibit' a .. a "' I)(J'> ltOl \ lor \' it; t1 ..1.Hi.lin of rht · Pa gelami fv. II would ;l lIlx'a l rh.u :\ 1111.10 "1' !';I.gl· wa ..

born III 1 72~ a nd wou ld h.l\c· lx-e-n .t t.K llll ~ .i cea ...of ;1g;1' ;1I Iht' lirnt· of Iht' Smin.lln pall \ , 1.11...1'rn.ln\ a \(JIIIl!( R h fl(lt' hlandl') tit' 11IrlWtJ 10 Ihe..ea . dUfln~ the li ,iO,, ;.., lIla ..u'r of Iht, ..IIHlp .' am h,bll!( (;r~'·"U1md . ;tml ..IIHlp (;~fH~l" . all of 1'111\ '­idell n ,.ll In :'I:o\'(' rnht'l 1757 . " .. noH·d . II(' " ';1" aP<l Il I1l'I of l':il ho la . Coo l..t · and "tht'l ~ in ClW lw r-..hip of ti lt' l' ro l ' l dn u r I)(Hldl'd to pl olt"t"d wit hpri\(lI H'l'> 10 lIi "p ;H1 io la , Wh a t i.. mort- p ,,,h,lh ll't1wn Iha l ..lUh a \e..",·1. ahel dl'" hal~ing ht'nlhpri\()flt·,\ . and po....ihh lakin!( ,llx);Jrd ;1I1 I'qualnllrnbt'l (II En!!:ll..hml'lI would Iht'n plll(l'('tllOSlII in a lll 1111 a lel u t ll (d lg;O of ..uga r a nd nu,la ....hfor Pr o \ idc'nl e? elHlkc' ;ltu l " ;lgt' IX lih had ,I ..u h-..ta TH i;11 li na lH ial in t("l t·..l in th i. \llpge: il add~ to

IIH' Iikt·ltlllHHl o l lllt'i l plt'S('m e ill .Su rin a m O il

Ih'l t t.K}i ~l eloll " (·\TllinK. Pa .~t· was lal l'l o w ner orpari ,,"" IWI of half ;I dOTt'1i Pl i\ 'Ilt't'T~ dllllT~ IheRe\ o lu lio n . Alt t'l Ilw wal ht' app(';l1\ rnn..lh lHh.J\1' Ix't'n ill Iht' (o.....lal IJade ,

On Ilw ti .~h l ~ idl' 01 h i ~ pa llHITl~ Glffllh(IIlfi..hm..... a Kl'n lle m;l ll ill a li!(hl "I ut' coal .~ i \ lIl~ at1a llnn~ Ic·....o ll to a tl't' lIage hoy. Traditioll;J1 ly Ih t'H'ella .~('f ha . bC'en idt' 1l 1ified a .. ( ;lMlfrq l\tlll.MHleof :\"ewI HIII a nd h is in "ullfiOl a. ~ i ( h O!;I" Po wno f P lm itlc·II( ('. I hd int' iE I ~ ~ l.lI l.Kmt" who i..Ih t' in..ulU lo r alld }'0"" ('1 lht' pupil.

801h fam iliN. W I' It· plolTli llt'1II a ....IIII' ow nt'l ..a nd Illeldlall h in Ih t' Wt'\1 IlId i t· ~ lTade . T ht"

110 SEA CA PTA I ~ S

,\b lho lH' lamilv rntue 110m \'irginia 10 :-.JI 'WpOJl'01111'111111" utter l70ll . Co lonel :'Ilalho llt" ;." the- cld­t-t (;oo.!fn'y wa s ca lled, brrame a nu-rrhant andvhj p OWTl('1 tradin g Ch idly in sugar. rum . mo­

la"l's , a nd ~ 1~1\'es . Fm a li llw 11(' wac prOSIWHH IS,hall a fi ue' town h(IIIS(' o n 'I 'h anu-, Stlt't'l a lit! a lso ar ouuuv s('at a t Tanuuanv I IIII a fe-w m ilt> .. ourvide­:\'t'WIMltt. D u r in g rhe Spa ni ..h \Va l, 17.'J9- 1748, beucrknown as the War of Jenkins' Ear, Co lolle l \-la lbolH',with parun-rs . lu-quent!v Bro wn .. an d \ \'allTO IIS,had ..nell privau-e-r v ill al tion On the w hole thesewete pl llspnoll~ n ' IIt UH'S, hut \-Ia lho lle took hislo"n tlMI , O n Ikn'm lJl'! 2,1. 17,1.') two n ew pri va ­t('I'IS, r hir-flv owne-d hv \-b lholle, e-ach mourningtwe-ntv-Iour gun .. a nd r-ar h man lied b v 2fl{l m enlrfr :'-:I'wport. t-moumered a hmrirarn-, and nci rh­r- wa .. heard hOIl1 ,Ig"in , O ver ,100 lin's W('It ' lo stand 200 ;\ ('WJlOl t wnnu-n wen- widowed .!'

Coltllw l ,\ la lho lle had rhn-e ~ons - oulc(; t><lf IT\' juniot CClllct'lIlS lIS. l i t, had lx-cu cd u­cured al Qu-en-, Colll 'gl' , O xfo rd . \-Ia lhollt' Pajx-r -,in th e :":C'WpOIl 1I 1 ~ (o l i (;d SCM it'ly r-on tam a letterhom Ed wa rd ,"iCO tl in :-';ewpolt 10 Codhl'Y,\lal1MII!{' J tltl in l in London telli llg o f lilt' loss o fIll(' IWO ship.. in thr- gre;tt ga lt· of De-e t-m bcr 17·1 5and of h is fa fhn 's pnT,l t iclll" fiuamial condhiou.Youn g Cndfn'y i~ lo ld In d i..conuu uc hiv lawstudie-.. al rhr- h ill .. o f Co urt and reuun imme-di ­an-lv 10 :\'n vpo lt . Re-t u r n Ill' did and enu-red thef.mulv hIlSillt's ~ , ,\ \(,sSf,1 wa .. named aftr-r h im th l'

r fJIm g (;odf ft' V , a nd ill 1756 he wa~ pa rt ow n(' l 01th t' pli\al('('1 (Jthd[o w hll'>(' homl Iw ~ig:lH'd

:\ lIg llsl 26, 17:,ll. 'n lt" ~ Ia ri l l llle Pal )('l .. in d icalt'

Ih"l Ilt' ami hI" fa th f'l a l..o oWllt'd tilt' pl i\ a tt'('l,\lrlff,gflll lilTII ..ed ill ;\m n n lwl 17:)1'1 , In th at yl',n~I a lhone wou ld h a\'t' IWI'n t lll rty- fo llr: Ihi s ('o ul d\\'1' 11 h ,1\1' IM'(' n Ih(' agl' o f l ilt' ge lltlnllall o.!a ru' ingma ..t(·r III lI lt' hill t., o MI. ' l ilt' pli \,:IIt't'l in g ar l i\ 'ity

o f thl' ~Ia !hmlt ' £ami I\' lTl a~ , ' s II t'llI ildy I M J "~lb le

th a i ( ~O(tf lt' y ~ lal hOl J(' cOll ld h a \,{' bel'll on a

fa lil ih \'I'<,se l pIl'yi ng 011 Frendl Slll p pi llg a n dla lt'1 in SUl lna m awai ti ng cargo. T b;lt lIlt'~ lalbtJ lIt,~ h ad ,HI inl en ,..1 in Iht' alea i , (t' ll a in for1Il A llg ll ~1 175Y (; odlr t' \ 'l p p l ied 1m a lla g (If tlll lTto C';l\elllw 10 11 \ ' a nd ('oll(,( t h o m "a i\11. :'Ikt i]l'nw ho ,ll the rHltlnl'ak i rlg o f th e War had in h isha m h th eil a bsu lutt' pr opelt \' o f ,, !,oul tw('myl!lous;md li n es whu h thn han' tltll IM'ell ~ l h le to

col k n." C"yl' t11 Il' IS \('Jy (10"1' to S u rllla lll ,If lh t' d anCin g m a slel is indt'ed C odlrey

\-la lbu ll(' J I. it is q uite pos~ihle tha i his yo u ngpupilrnu ld ha ve bee-n N icholas Powe-r of Pr ovi ­dcnr e- . The P o wer fa mi ly came Iro m Ma ssachu­sell' Bav r-olnnv in 1639 . By rradi uon the eldest..o n in eac-h gencra rton was na m ed N icholas. Th e

firs t Ni chotav . fo llower 01 politual a nd religiousradical Samuel ( ~o l'\on . was rr ied for heresv a ndsr-dinon in Bo ston III 16·1 3 b u t dlslllls~.ed w ith a nadmouiuon. In Providence- he purchased a lot o nthe sou theast rotuer of wha t is n o w Po wer a ndSIHJlh '\-Ia in Strt'elS. Mer rhan t a nd a t O llt' u mcto wn r-o nstahle a nd surveyor o f h ig hwa ys. he d iedin 11):,7. The v-rond Nicholas was k illed in theCrear Swa mp Fight of Kin g Ph ilip's W a r foug htin \\'e ~t Kingston 011 Decem ber 19 . 1675. Thethird ;'\ H h o las was a men haut and hol de- r 01sn'era l l()w ll off ill'S . 'Th e fourth Nicholas. bir thdate u nk now n, rUIIl di stifler a nd merchan t. di edIII Su rinam 0 11 Fr-bruarv 27 , 17H , Bv h is wi leAn ile Ti lli nghas t he had a SOIl, horn April .'),1712, l ilt' fift h Nic ho las . w ho like h is forebearswas a nu'rc ha n t. div ull rr. a nd rope maker. AI th eunu- of tfn- Sunu am party he- woul d haw' beenabuu srxter-n: tht- you ng m all bei ng in struc ted inda llcing: could we ll have been that age, III a nother11'11 yt'ars ,h i.. ;-':idlO la .. P OW{'I , in pa uner vhi pwuh Joh n a nd Nic holas Bro wn , a nd co m ma nd­In g Ollt' of rhen \'t's'>( ' ls, was in the Sun nam uade .I.i ft- wa .. nor al l da llt in g for N ich ol a .. POWt'I ,h owever . In 177 ,1 he direrred thelouer v w h ic h rai sed[2,000 to he lp b u ild th l' I\.feellng 1lOllS{' for th e FirslBapti st SIKi(,ty, a nd in 1775 h e was d larg:ed to pre­p a re six fie ld p in t's fm deft'tht' o f lhe lolo ny ,Fin all y in 17HI h t' "manumi llt'd and St'l fl t'c' h isn t'gr o man Plin ll,." lY

It is tr ad lli on al ly bt'lin'l'o.! th:lI t ilt' ..onmolt'ntgt"ll lkma n III thl' hlue ("o a t s('a tt'd fl('x t 10 StephenH o p kin s, ulI(()nsci ou~ o f th e in dt glllll es he isu nder go in g , is J o seph Want on of :"'t'~IMllt. TIJ('Wa nt on f:tm ily , m ig- in a l ly ft om Hm loll , pl a yed ad i..ti n .~ lIis ll('d ro le in th t' IMllitital a nd lommen-ia llift' of Rhode h b nd in till' t'igh tl,t'tll h ' t'lI tm y. :":0It'ss th an four \\'anton s, including Jmt'p h . \\'t' It'gO\'t' ! no!S. T h e fami ly t'lllt'rpr ist,s incl tld c'{l sh ip­bllll din g , 1Ilt'I( hamh sHlg a nd, w h ell tHll e, pl'r ­milled , pl ival lT t in g . J o st'ph Want oll . SOli o f Gu\'­eln01 .Io st'ph \\' an ton , was hOln o n AUglls t I:) ,170:) :lIId wou ld h av t' bet"n about l i fty-th n 'e a t th ennw of th e pa llY. Thi ~ a,l.~T is {()f}sistt' llt wilh th efig ure p Ol"l ra yt'd bv ( ;It't'n .....ood. J ohn Rll ssell

..

Hallkl1 , h"'OII;1II 01 Ilu' \ \'; lI1 lon , _de-cc ribe-dJIl,eph ," ,III oJluklll nu-n h.uu . Opnlen. e in:"\"""I)()1l dt'II\l ,t1 hom mariunn- uade- and \\'all ­tou-, dealr I'''' 'n,i,,'h ill fi,h , meat . lu m ber.

hur'I" , and '1)t;'"" ,uI,ti candtev. lIatlin!l: to vanou-,Wt" 1 IIlt!i;m pOlh , hlin~ ilJK home the lI'lM I vuaa ranti 1I10L",t·"

W ll h 1111' OUtlHl\'" of rtw FIt'llI h a nd Ind ia n\ \' a l lhe \\',1I1l0 n , "'TH' ,u li \(, in pli\al('('rin!l: , Rt·­1w ee-u li ,'jti and 17,')i'I Jo'>( 'ph Wa lll o n jt .. Jo..e-ph",'0IL w a Ii, t'lht:d a , p'1I1 n w m-r of three priva­ren..: rill' l)Ji!l: [)"(Ul1 If t' . t h .. ' tin .... "'('/('0. . and lhl'

bnganune '\'m p um. \ I"leall Bow let and Ro lX"JIGoddard we-re- 1»;1l1 O .... ru-t 011111' lJt'fla/IU". jo-eph\ \' a Ill Oll .II, would h.o e h,'('n nnl~ twentv-eight inli :i!'l -.c) olni"u,h Ill' ruuld 1101 hI' th e middle­aged vle-e-pe-r ill (;II'·n .... OIl(1', p.lilllill!l: . \\,h l' lh('!hi , t.nher wa c IlwH' r-, enjue-lv vpecula tio n. T radewa -, hli ,1.. .1IIt! Ill' lIIi ~lll \ '(,1\ w ('11 haH' IX'( 'n thereloollllll: alte-r bmih illl c'u·" ". .J"""ph "a, fir"lelecte-d !l:!l\"1Il0l in 17hY alU! continued in offu e101 'IX H,..h . ()m i ll ~ rh i-, lime he w a' also nne 01a (f 'UI! of iuh n ira ln II) enqui re in to the brumng1)1 lilt' n-vemu- (UlIt·! (;O .I!J t't' . In a -ence he wa-,

Ioned W ( ,111\ ... ·a u·! n n hoth vho ulderv. he had-.cmlt" " mpalll\ loT the pa lliot (',11'''(' h ill a, .~I)\ _

('11101 Iw wa, vwor n to uphold llu- lawc. \\'h" n the(olo n\ vou-d 1111;"", a u Anti , o f Ob-ervauon .w an um rd lheti lO , i/.: 11 tilt' hill ;lI ll hOliJ i n~ rhi ...wa-, ' lI' IIt'rulc'll in .llUl(' l ii5 a nd dc poved on0'1(1)1'1 31 . I77 S. \ \ ',11110 11 ', ,om, j o -eph Jr. and

Will ia m , welt' lo \·" li 'I ' who Ii'll j\'ew pon o n thedr-parnm- o f lhe H,i ri,h in 0 ( 101)(,'11 779 . a nd th ei tpr ('I)( 'r r~ wa, I ouf l-.c 'a lt'li . 'nll' eX'gfl\'(' rllf lT W,l~

nOI mulevn-d hy vithe-t Ihc' Bruivh 01 III(' n.n ives.II I' dif'd ill 17l'l(P O

TIl(' , It'l( ht,, 01 the Il;trt ygflt '" , all hough in ­(lIlll p kt t" d" in di , .ue- rhat ;t1 1 o f them \\T \{' r-m-r ­gt' li{ I" uk" . \,(J\,tg ing r ruuin uo uvlv hl'l wt"t'nRh"d, ' b la nd ,t m! \\" "1 Indi an isla nds and SUI­ina m . Ihal d llling earIv yl',Il' o f the French andIndi an \\'al Itw iT f1a~ o f truce- \U\';!K(" and pti va ­let'J i ll~ I' rHt' l p r i,," ma ll' a h u llIl<i llll y (I('ar lhatrhey ,ou ld wi'l l h an '. hy tlH' 101l !l: a Im 0 1 (( li n­(idc'Il'I' . tX"('1l ;111 OI l Su , in ;lm In lit, ma(1c- PO\! ­humou,h famuu, h\ rht · hru ,h of r ;l ff ll wOod .I am (0"" iou, lha l I han' nol ah,()I IIII' ploof h UI

I am Il' m ind('(1 a l Ih i, po im 01 ThoH\tu '" laeoni(("lHr~ in h i, }ol/mo.l on :"\m l'm ht-I II . 1850:

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11 9

Rhode Island 's P ro Footbatl Ch am pions1928 Providen ce Stearn Roller

Rhode Island ,i l ~ ..quarelv in the shadow of Bos­Ion .... far as major-league prole....ional SPOI I\ ar econo-med. Orr-an Stalt' n -..ident .. aenerallv take aroolin~ illtt'H'\[ in the Red Sox , Patriots, Ce lucs .and Hillin... RUI a lm o ..' hal! a centurv ago . in1928. Rhode Island ha d itv o wn National Footba llLeague r hamp inn s. Providen ce Stearn Roller . Thesrorv o f that ream is rhe ..to'l ()f a n era of pro-Ies..iona l foot hall much differen t from tha t oftodav .

In the ro<tring: ' ....-emies . the America n puhlicfound a hoo.l uf popular heroes in ih <'p'.miIlRgr eat ... Standing: wuh Charles Lindbergh on thepedestal of unalloved admiration .....ere such mena s bawball plav e Babe Ruth . OOXt'T Jad Demp­vev. and teuui .. pla\t'l Bill Tifdeu . ('.ollt'g:( · 1001­ball pl uvers aho shared rhis ad ulation , wit h RedGrangl' of Ill inll i\ . Ernie ~en'n (If Stanford . andth e hun H o t semen of ;'I;out' 0<11111' national(jgur~ beca use o f Iht'il gndiron eeploirs. Collegefoo tball wa s an immen selv popular specta torspon, wirh team .. such a .. Xor re Dame, Stanford ,Yale, and Dartmouth drawing: hVKt' fo llowingsholh ill person and thro ugh newspapers andne wsreel s .

In ..lark COllllaSl proft's... ional Ioorball wa ..srrugghnl/: 10 su rvive, a neglected ..tepchild in thespons bo.XJm . The :-':alional Football League wast'llI errlll!: only iT ... nlnlh '>('a~n in fall 1928, and in­..tead Ilf roarillK (fOwds in huge merropolitanstadia , ..mal l. i llli malt' audiences 0 11 moslly..ma lll'l fil' ld .... it'wl'd tht'" league' s ,·onteSh. P rofoolball held Ih t' sa ml' place in 1928 Ihal pro

· :'01 ,,\ ill S,.. i ol ,,~ \' . l lnin-I,in 0' Rh. ..l" " ['Ilul 1'170.<llull)J '·...' lu J~' .. 1.1'" "UlII'I11 'II I ' ll i"''' I, i l \' " r Cc>ll1l1"l Ii. Ill .:'oil 1f, '!<t lH!'( ia n wi,he, 10 .., ...nd " " ""1\' Ih"nl \ 10 J;I' lCr nnln. eu,1> O t!..n . fknn \ tlledman . P..dU.. John'>')n..1m.! 1'..1.. ' 1...I " d.. lI . J' . lor Idl m!: m.. lh l ' '101\ H

n ark and field hold s todav. a fkdgling protes­vional "pCII I living: in lilt' vhadow of a popularcoll('g:I;lte ver sion. C,o ll,'ge sta rs had nationalreputauons: profe-..siona l "lars e-ither hat! loca lfo llowings 01 la bored in nh'>(__ u ritj .

'1'('11 d u b... formed the held for Ih(' 192H :-.:n.ra n ' , The S ew York r.ial\l ~ (1927 rhampionvj.Gtt'l'1I Bav Pill ker~ , Chn a go Bear ... and C:h i('a~o

( 11 0 W SI. LoUIS ) Ca rdinal -, a ll (01l11X-1«1 111t' 1I andstil l com pere rodav. Other h iK-( ilY du n.. i ll t he­runnine wert' the :o-;'I'W Yo rk Ya n k('('s, Det roitWo lw'r ines. and Frankford Yellowjackets whopt aved in a suburb of Ph iladel p h ia . Completingrhe pack were POII\\·illt' ( Pa.) Maroon s. DavtonTrianKles. and Providence Stearn Roller , n-presen ­latin'" of ..mallet ,-illl" rha t srill rould rorupere ina sport "rllg~ling 10 ach it'Vl' a hi!-:· Img llt' image.Leag ue- mem bersh ip had Huc tu.ued rh ro ug h the:-':Fl : .. nine -vear hislor~ , hillinK a pea k of tweruv­two ill 1926 ami a new low of ten in 192R. Someream.. ran sta ble opera lions bUI othl'r ~ had run o nImauc ial rt't'is a nd dropped OUI. Col!l'gl' sta rso ften steered c le-ar of pro ball a l ter g raduanon andsoug h I mor e S('( ure employment.

Pr evid ing ove r tha t preca rious young :\' H . wasJot' Carr, league preside n t . who had gained exe­cut in' expe rience in minor-league 00<,('0011 , Tohim I(ot"s muc h o f the credi t for keeping the :-':FLah,,'e Ih ro ugh irs lean ~·t'ars bt-fore Wo rld War II .AlthuuKh ht' d id m uc h 10 li gh ren up lht' cir(u il .C. rr pUl u p wi lh ex ttt ' lTwly lom e \Chl'du li ugpra<t in's in lht' 1920... (n" ead o f bei ng fixed intill' !e;ll!:ue office, Ihe \lht'dule "'-a.. drawn up

I

II

I,I

120 ~ l ""~l lUll-Uk

a mo ng th t' u-amv ,1H'1ll " 'hl" . Th iv deren uu liza­non revulu-d In I"am, I l l a ~in,l; d ifferen t num berso f ,l;amt" : in 192K Ilw wea k C h Kag-o Card inalssched u led rmlv "X lea g ue n Ull'·\I'. wh ile Fr ank ­fo rd a Jlall~I"(1 ;1 h igh o f \1X1('1'n ga mes. Yellow­jac kel " unuvual '" hedu le revulu-d in IhUI fro m a(-il\ la '" p U'U'lIl1n!( proj''''\lI11lal 'pOlh even ts Oil

Sundavv . 'H III' rhe lI'am plaved all ia homegarue nil S'i!U ld.;I\' and ucuall v traveled 10 thehorne o f 0l'POI1l'lIh 10 p);1\ ;1 -erond Kame 0 11

Sundav-. \fh ilt' Fr;lIlkfurd pl;l\ed home-and-awavdoubleheaderv . (:f("('!l Ba\ Pa l k"I '> "'-'I up anunusual rhme-en -game - clare which vrarted withfour \lfal~hl IHiITW ,I;, IITlt" and ended with five\lral~ht toad KalTlt" . The ChKa!i!;o Beare ar rangedfor te-n home and rmlv three road games. o ne o fthe-m .1 Ifip ano" to...-n 10 p la\ the Cardi na ls . Inudduinn 10 II'a!(llt' gamev. teams Ircquemlv\( hr-duled IIMlehe , .IK'lin\1 non -league p ro team sdurine the 'ot' ;I'oflll . \\' i lh nnh n ne d ivivion and novrandardued w he-dule . the league cha r np ion chi pwa , awarded nn IllI' bavi-, (I f winnin g percen tage.Sq ua b hl es \Olllt ' III1lt" bro ke ou t O't"T lh i\ u ileriono f cha mp ionvlup. wuh mle- , in 1920 , 1921 , 1924a nd 1925 hot lv r omevred in posr-s-ason sq ua bb les .

:"01 onlv Ihl' :'\Ft. hill a l\() foo tball il \t' lf had ad iffl'J('1Il loo k ill 192R fr OITl wha l it ha \ uxJa\-.Olle-pl ;lloo n . , ixt\ "mi ll Ll II' fool ball wa ,> ,> Ii ll Ih l'I UIe. wit h rill' \t";IKU(' 10 , 11'1 of t' ig h lt"t' n men anind ical io ll o f u lIl\(' nalin- uw o f ~ ll b\ Il I U le,> alltlllnft'a 'l hd i ' l oj \I M'r i ali\ I~ . T l'a m\ Ketlt'Til ll y li nedup in lht, , i ll~ l t" W ll1K [Ol llla linn , a dl'plo ym t't11I)(",r ' Uilt'd fOl , hort ya rd agt' powe r pla y~ . On lylht' Chil ago Ik ,lI S 11'>1,11 lilt' T ·for malioll, a nd lh ey1I'>1'd a r OIl'>l'I\'a li n- li g lll ·T whidl a [ ~o [elll i lst'l fm;li rl l\' Ifl in , itll ' IW llllng I' la p . i' l'i lh (" l \ ing lt·­WLTlg nUl h,!, il ' 1 W I' 1(' .l!;fM II I lnlln ; lti(l r l ~ OIl! o fwhilh trl l l;(" : Illlrtba lll ,lr li ri a n , gt' l1elally , a n'dlh t' at 'I Ia l " tliu k fnl Ih ild -ilnd -Ioll g ~ i l ua l ion,> a ndfU I dt"' I)('ra lioTl ' -<l lC h- tlp rh i \l's. T ht, lx' ,> I-kn ownil.MHhall ' Iii" in ..\nwl i(-a W('II' IUll nel S li ke ha lf "hal k Rt·d G ran gl" ,11111 fll ll hack El mt· :'\('\'(' rs: rh t'{"Ta o f rht' , Ia r I kl \\i ll~ qua ll f'rba ck wu uld nOId a wn unl il lilt" 19·1O ~ .

In 192Mlh t' :"FI. had a :'\ ew En Kland o u lPOSIin Pu n ,idt'lln ""\ Sll'am Ro ll er. O rKall i,ed a '> a pro­fession,ll It'am in 1916. Ih t' S,('am Ro llt'r hadplan'tl a '" ht'tluk o f Jea ml'\ lno\lh ' a~ai nsl =' t" wEnKla nd It'a m.. 'IUh d\ :" t"w Londun ix'forejoi n inJe Iht" :S; FI. fur lilt' 192:; \eason . In Ih rtt

1"';lg W" ,("a\on, hom 1925 rlu o u gh 1927. the tea mhad a rorubim-d 19- 17-~ n-r ord ,0111 romin ue d top ion '>I'\elal gallll";1 ~(",Il a ga in ' t non- league Ne-wEngland rivals. Th ree nu-n <han -d ownershi p andmaIMKt'IlH'1l1 - Cha rle-, Coppe-n . j ame, E. Doo­lev . a nd 1'1"It'1 l a udau . Coppen WUlt· manv ha ts:in ad dit ion IU \t'n ing ,t<, generu l ma nager o f th eSteam Rolh-r , h,," had a buddi ng law pra<ltee a ndWTOrl' a It'JeliLu 'pOliS r o lum n for th e Providenc e[ournal. Coppen had ber-n 'pon\ edi tor of ,he[oumat. IJlIl h i\ involvement in rhe Stearn Rollera nd 111 man;l~iIlK boXl'" led 10 h is ~l\' i n~ up tba rpo-inou . D(MIIl·\ . also an anomev. wa-, co mmonlvaddrevo-d a, "j udge." II I' had vuccerded W ill is J.Kno ...·lt·\. a mliult' l \ Ietim . av jll(l~e of the Eigh rhDivuir t COlli I III 1916 and served in that pml fora vear before Tt'\i!i!;nin!i!;: Iht' title never theless SIUC \.:.10 him lor lilt'. .-\ cuong advocate fOI lega lwa!'!:t'fIllR 0 11 hur\(" Til( in K in R hod e Is la nd. hewou ld ht"!olTle prevident u f x arragan -en Parkrarertar k in 193M a nd hold rhat o ffice unul hi ~

deaih in 1%0. Laudau ca rne 10 R hod e Islandh o m hi-, n auv e It.l l~ at a voung age a nddl,\t'!upt"(l;l 11ICT;t li'e rea l es tate huvinevv wi thla rKe ho ldi n K\ ill Flurida . lit' alco became Pro v­

idt'Tu -e ' \ 1t'ad ing ' IM Il'" Ilfomnll'l . In addil io n 10

Sla~ lIl~ ba \t'ha ll. hnxi nK" \(1((1'1 . a nd d og Ta(in~

in P rnvidt'llf t" ,lI ltl lll' i~ h hmi n!,!: ci l ies in the ,> 101 11'.Laudal i a lso huill in 1925 Iht, C HIt"d ron1l', ano Uldoor ' latii u lll o n :'s'on h :'<olai l1 SUttl for hiq- d t'rae-ing:, a ~ l x'l 1;llo r ' pon Iflllr h 111 vog ue in tht·1921h. Tht, lTla ll who mana Kt"d biqde ra(-in g- forLa utla li. C harles TlITd lll". j , o il('n IIwnt ioned a ~ apart -ow ner o f lh t" Su·<trn Ro llet ;ll1d ('\'{'n a p pea rsin rht· It'am 's oni , ia l p inllr t" , h UI h{' had nofin a llcia lor milllag:n i<d m it· In tlw foorha ll cl ub.

!.(x al l,d Ilear lilt" P rtlvid l'lIn ··Pa wll Hk el cit y lillt,on lh t" \ i rt' 1I0 W on IIp it'd hy E.M . Lot"w mo \'ieIh in '"in , tht· C n kdm llU', homt' len Ih ' Slea mRollt'l , '>I'a lt'11 <t pplOx lm,llt'ly 10,000 s pt'((a IOr~ ina n o\'a l o f blt-aehl'T \ , u rroll lld ing a wood l'nhank t'd (wit- llilfk , Slt"eply ha n ked arou nd IUrn sand f1 a lU'1 Oil \lta i~h ra way~. lhis !Tack I'nclo'>l-djuS! l' llo ll!(h ~lOlInd 10 fil .1 loolha ll " t' ld . wilh\<11111' ~liKh l p lOb lt"ms . Equipped " ,ilh \t'al\ a nd ahI'll( h fOT pl an'l'> 0 11 t'ae h \ u;l i!'!: hta wa y, Ihe ual kran '\(1 110"'" In \itlt' li lll'\ IhOl I pl ol\I''' lackl ed l1 t'a rIXJlInu,lfy 11Ilt'\ ht'{l ll("n tl ~ caromed imo fro mrow\ o f '>I'ah. OU(' ('nd lont" {'xlt'll tied a rl'g-ula llo nlell \ a rd \ , bUI Ih l' o lhl' I Sllt' l( hl'd o n h "\'t' \' ,ud~

121 ~ n:A \1 ROIUR

- - ---- - ~.·~...._ ·.1II.'It••".,..._.,• •,. .. .. ..~_.. a~.~~

/' In\'n' nnd m,' ",'" "f /h,. / IJ :!'~ .\' f I . , hll '""/U" /',,,,.,,/,.,,.-,. .\"/,.n m U"lin. f'" fin 'me. /"/1 /" "'; II/,'"I'" f'" 11 ', 11 f<l m" ( ), la",/ "'" 1/h.('/'n'/'" II (" f' f,ol, 1'1"1<" f.. /) ,,,, /,.,'.1',./0 ..' .I.II",/all. L /", r/ ".1 T I,,, ·I1 /,.. (" ,,, /\, " ,[,." . '"'' I,,,k.,,,,,. L,."ln "'lI ';.\''''mIOi/:"n'...,.. f""lk11'''''' \'.. -11 /I ru" " m . ( :1\,[,. \mt/II. I.", r: ,m~/mn " . ..,'n, I,. .\I 1i/ /° " ''''11 // 11. I"" 1.,,,,.1. ,,,'''' 'f"./I",n". Il" " ",,, ,,, ,,- Imk_~ . m "1" 11 '. 1/". II' rl ''''I. Il,li (.'"""". lIull ,., F/,., ,, h", n", (;1" .\"'11I"' '' liI".I<. (;" ' ''-1:' ' Ir,I ''''', ,," k ( ."'I! "' .

be-Icue till' hankl'tj track Cllt ;llIO\" it . TIlt: C vcle­drome had an uuimare ambiallle.~) th at all sea ts,priced ar ruu-, olll' .(if t~, . and two dollars. Wl' J('

ar mal lv !':f)od '>("a l" from whir h In , -iew a Ioorbal!~ame. DJl' ~ ~ i n~ ljualll'r, (or pla\er ~ we re lessagreeable: Ihat 11\1"(1 b\ horne player" had beenbu ill with ;1 ( o upl!' of bit yde racl'lS III m ind . 'IoU

that a (o("u IMII team nf (O ig:h l("('" men found theroom cramped . with onlv IWO showers at rheir

di'j>O'ktJ. Bur even IIMt Iwat aCTClml11odarioll" lor\i " ili n~ tearuv , \\'110 ha d 110 dre",in g- room at a ll.P la \ er, (01 lilt' ~lU· 't u-am had IfJ dT(''' '' ,11 theirhou-l , com.. 10 t he vtadiu m . then re ru m inuniform 10 IIH' hm e-1 lH vhower a nd (h"ll~to. Thep iau' had a ,impk ,cOIdw J<UcI. a no-Inlt s pressbox . and a cmal l a rea Io r IliHkin~ o more tha nad-quare for IIw number of ("a" on rhe roadin 1928.

-

" \;t\TI' avv-mhled for their [ i rvt pra l tin' of theveat on ~f () llda \' , Sqllf-mlwr 17, under direr rion o fplaver II);Ii h j imruv Conn-lmau. The Stea mRnl ler had plav -d med ioc re fUOltMIl in th eir fif'> llwn :\ FL 't'Ot't(lll', bUl po,t(-d a strong M-S-I reco rdIII 192i in CAIIl/dm;IIl " fil'l wa r in Providen ce .O nh Ih ir'" vea rv old , Cone-lman had plaved inIhl' :\ FI. with a number of team, ever vin r-e rheinau~lJtall'llnIMi~n of 1920. He had a goodn-puranon ;t, a tal lit ian and invpi ranonal leader .and he C111lt' 10 Pw \ idt'Tli r aher the Detrou clubof whn h he- ""'a, both roar h and owner folded indebt after the 1926 \cd"'-lll. For hi, p('r game sala rvof $m , Cone-lman nOI only coached the rea m.but also pla\l-d lluaut'rl><llI. in the single-wingIormauon . 'viur e Ihf' hili wac uvuaf lv hiked 10 thelefl halfbar I. m Ihl\ formation, the quarterback'sduuev mrf ude-d (allinl/: the p lan, hloc l.i ng:, andrNt'I\Ill!i!: p.:t"t">, bUI infrt'qut'nl ly pawing orrunning wuh rhc ball

Pral lil (" W('fI' held d.tily (rum 11:00 to 1:00 ,a nd a pran ilt' I/:d me wav placed o n Sunday ,September 23, a,li!;am\t wa rlow Ath leur Cl ub ofLOIlIi!; lvland. The Stearn Roller won 4R-0 andturned rbeir auem ion 10 th ei r 01X'm ng lea guegailit' ,tg;tin't :\t'" , \"0 11. Yan kees IHI the 301h.Coach Conlt' lmOi n n-lea ..ed wvera l p la"t'r\ a ndcarne lip wllh a n 1'lg h tN'n-ma n rO\ ler 10 e nter Ihe:\F1. "';N"" Sia l ;tIld I/:brnnr pla~Tr, halfbal'1.(;t'()f,li!;1' Wil, on , ni tl.n a nwd "Wildtal." ha d ea rneda na tional Il'putalloll a , all All -Amer ican in 1925al l :n iu'r'll y of Wa \lulI .lC ton all d had JOllll'd Ihl'Stt'a rn Roll t'T lht, pll '\ 'ioll \ '>!'a,>on. Wlldcal pl ay I'dlai lbat k in Itl(' ..i ll~ k- ",,·i ll.IC a nd {h d m uch of th elea m\ IUllninK ant! IM"ill.IC. lit, ran powerfull yand pa "t'd wi'll ill an I'lit WIWll pa~ ~illJ;; wa~ a' I't'onda ry ..kill : lI11ll'l'd th e 1!.l21'! foot hall ",iI \

thilkel arou nd ttll' nlJddle (rII uch i1kt, a rugbyhall o f tot!,ty) a nd lh ll' 11101 (' di ffinll t 10 passafflu a tt'ly. 1II' !'arlll'll h i\ nitl.name by \ p irirropla\' on dden,{'. II I' o nly faull was moodiness,bUl Iha l wa' 11m c'llo ug h 10 p ll' H'm lh e SteamRoll t'r fro m p.:t \'ill~ him $.1 75 prr ~amt', an e",nr ­bilant su m for a n er;t in whi t h m o\t pro p!a"elSf('(eiu'd h orn $100 10 $1.')0 pl' r I/:a ml' .

In the h.ac k{it'ld wrl" wilh Wih oll WI'TI' C.oll­zelma n, who~I' bt·" p b ying "ki ll wa~ a\ a pa ssrn eiu'r; C Ully O dl'fl , it sl ili!; h lly- bui h localfn ori le from Rlo""'n UnhC'T\ JlY who had pla~ ed

with th e Sira m Rnlkl ,i nce 1922 and who shone

a-, kirk H'lulIWI and IXl " H'fl' i,e r: " ('01'''Willi am' , ;t rookie h om Connccucu r Agri cuhuralColIl'gl': J im Simmons. who s-ame 10 Pr ovi den ce­that ve'ar h om C leve-land'v :'\FL team. wh ich fold ­ed after Ih l' 1927 campaig n: a nd Bill a nd JackCroni n. brmhe r-, whn had cta rred for RO' lOnCAlllt'!{t'. J al I. al'>ll ta ugh t and coac hed a t LaSalleAcade m v. fi lli ng h is Steam RoJlt'r pracuce-, in toan exte-nded Iur« h bre-ak I';tt h dav.

Lin-nu-n fea tured I\HI WIt'\lkIS a nd IWO all­Pro , new 10 th e tea m . Gil' SOlllll'nhl'T~ and Joh nSpellman rom peted (rl'(llIl'n ll\ in profewionalwrt'\lling matcbe in rhe art-a. Son nen berg hadstarred in Ioorball during (uJJegialt' davs at Da rt ­mouth . had joumeved 10 the m idwest. and placedpro ball with CAlll/l'lman in De tro il, accompa nv­ing: him 10 1' 10\ iden, I" in 1927. Spellman had aloc a l follo"'in~ from hi, davs at Brow n L'ruv er ­\il~', and he had reached wll"\di ng heiRhl~ bywi rming Ihl' gold meda l. in the bghr-heavvweigtud ivivion. a t th e 192·1 Pa r i, Olvrupio, One mea­su re uf the lOul/:hnt'''\ o f both wa .. that So nnen,bt-Ig ne-ve-r wore- a hel mer a nd S pe llma n ra relvd id ; leat her headpIN t'\ without fare guards wert'optional prou-cuon in rhc 1 920~ .

Clvde Smi th and ~1ih Rehnq uivr borh woreht'l mt' ls a nd hrnught ~ 1(Jw i n.':; rep u ta tions 'or linepl a y with th em 10 Pr oviden ce rhar vea r: likehalfhad J im Simmo!l \ , l ht,~ camt" from r('m ai ns0 ' Clt" 'el and 's dd Ullt I dub . Welghmg o nly a btJUtIflO , Sm ilh wo n 1927 All · I'm honor \ al cen ler fo rhi " an ur,tl t' hiki!l~ 0 11 of it'll '>!' a nd aggre\"iu' lymobilt, Im e-h;t! kin .IC o n del t'Il '>!' , Rdlllq ul\t ca rr ll'd2:S0 "o h d ly pOl ' kl'tI pOllll t!-. 0 11 h i.. six-foot frame,ma king: him ttll' la l .':;I"t m an 011 thc ,q uad. O lh erlilWTllt'1l Wt'lt' :'\ 01111 1Ial\TY and Dllke flarlll \',veter an t'm l, ",,' ho had mOlt' \ kill\ as blo(kel " andd t'fl'ndl'r .. th an it , pa" f('( ein'r ' : Orland Smith ,Brown a ll llllll ll' ;ttl t'n di n.':; IIlt'llical \C hool atRmlOll ll lli H'l, ily dUl in g lh t' wITk ; Jark n ei '-fh ­mall , ' lUbh\ 5'6" g: llitld : J im La ild , \'{'Irran ofma ny 't'a..o n,: AIx· \\' ih oll , whcN' pri mM\' a ....elWit, Ih,1l hI' wa, (;I'OI g;t' \\'iholl " Il!o lh el ; a nd alI1a n ""' ho pl a u '(l lIndl'r Iht' nam(' of Pen\' Jack ,\011. C.o ll/e lm.tll had hl,;tl d of it ~ Ia l IIlll"man byIha l nitllH" p lit,i nK al Suu lh"'e'l Slate tJ n i\er"il\in Ol. lah nma in 1927 ;mel ,('nl him a tt'If'Rramol£l'r lllg it Ir\ OUI wilh Ihe Stea m Roller. Jallo;<;,onu nfollllna lt'h Wit' ill Iha l \u m mt'f a nd in no\ hapt' (0 pl a \' (ootba ll, 0;.0 h is fTlend and lealll-

,

12~ "1I.A\1 ROI .lfR

mal t'. Arnold Shi Mkh-v. ~IH JWt'd up ill I'n J\'lllt 'IH t'u nder rhe- name of jackso n . Sh(l(k k y made lht'team and placed three ,ear, under lh(' awumedname. The real jar kvon . Ilwan\<"hilt'. tried (lUIwith Stearn Ro ll er in 19:?9 under the- na me ofArnold Shol 1.. 1t'\ , wav c lit, and pby(xj 0 11(' ,ea'Ollu nde-r hi s buddv'v n,lI1H' wi th a p lO rea m IIIRtl'lo ll .

Pl a ver v from lht' :\"t'w r ll~land a tea ~t'IJ('I ;dh

h,ulli\lI1~ quaru-r v. bUI rho-e- hum Ihe \ I"lw(,-,thad to find place , 10 'la, dnrmg the ..ea~oll COli'ze-lman. { :hdt· Smi th . Relurq ui vr, ".Iaeh o ll."Sim mon... and it ff'w o thf'lS It' n tti l I(M)m , in rhr­hOITW of I' ('a l< t' john-on 0 11 H i~h S('n in' A\l 'll w 'i ll :'\orlh PrO\ id,·l1n ' . j o hn -on had helped foun dthe "team Ro ller III 1916, pe-rfnrme-d -e-r viee- 111..( '('al lll~ 1m e-qur pmem . a nd lner ran th e te;11II ;lltel II

dr 0Pl'fi! OU I 0 1 :'\" Fl . and re-t u rm-d III loca I indq >I '111 1·e-nt ha ll ill th t" 19:'1(1... john ..o l1 ', mot her I.. (V t lilt'pL!\t..., unde-r ht ' l .. ... f \\I'II ·f('(1 uuul vln- wa-,

l..illl'(l bv a ,lI f'!·tt;!1 rhe dav a flt'l Th'III"'~I\ln~ .

Steam Rnl h-r plaver-, ,11' 0 an- manv ,I me-al ""I\I 'e!

I" I' (' te L lUdillJ'" Wile \l.ld d llU'.. \ lIhou ~ h .I,1t I..Cron in and <h la nd Smi th had ('x l('n ,i\t' ,Il Il\ lti nIW'ldt" fool hall , Illo ' t p la\T" hd d 110 Ollh ltlt- {"I ll '

p lo\llU'lll d ur m~ li lt' '!'a"oll .

\" i lh l ilt' e l~hlt"t'n -mall In..It·1 '!'1. COlllt'!lIun,lilt! hi, 11H'1I luttlt'l! tht-i, dlo'h lo"ard, 1I11.. ('al ­In~ So'W YOII.. · ~ ( ; Ia ll " a, ~ r l. li tli , ,,,- TIlt' " [('0111I

Rolkl fa(( 'd ,I " Iwduk of I I I t'a~IIt' ga m..... t' lgh t,il IH'IIIt' ,til t! lh l(,(' l ll1 th t' 'O'l tI. pIli , 1\' ·0 11, '[1 ·

I"a~u(' (Olll ....h a ~;l irhl p,·ft ' \farqut 'III', a 't1 ..n~

ilHkp('ndt'1II 1"° t{'am from 8 " ' 1011 . T h n ""lI ldnfll m ('('1 Ihl' Chi,ago 8{,3 r, 01 CudirMh. hUIwould r1<...h wllh :'\"n.... '1'\('11 o lh(,t ( Iu " ..,

I t'm lwr; i1 llu', hO\ f'r ed ,lIo u m l filry ~('pl t"lIIhn

.'10. IY~il . a (!T ill l\ . OH' ICihl SUlU!;i\ . On th;1I ,Ill'IUllllla l a lrt'II10011. lilt' S tt',11II R o ll"1 b (t'll l llt'irlir't l..a~lI( · O!'POIIt'III. Aho lll :',000 ,1'....m"lt ·11 IIIlilt' CH l('(hoTlle h\ 1.. 1, l..off IlInl' o f ~:jO 10 Wt · ItwhOIll(' learn t,. l..e 0 11 :\"ew '1' 0 '1.. ... Yall kt'(·... " htl h' lIlh ad Rt'd (; r;ilI ~{· . tilt' Il;uioll ' , IIU I" (amnII ' pLI\ ­t'l . 1II thei l llll t'up t ilt' \ ear I...(ore. l i t' wa, ' 1I 11 11 .~

(lUI 1111 ......a"'J11 wi lh a !>;H! kilt... ;Hul ill hi ' pl ,u. 'ItU' {Iub hOld 'l~nt'(l a lloth"l "t'll kllo"11 .\ 11·.\ II1 ,·, if a ll ";lf l.. . ( ; ibh \ \"t'!, h of III(" ( ' IIIH'I 'II ' 01p lll ,bu rgh . ' ·alll..l·t·, ••f ,0111"" a ll l\('(1 a l t ilt' flt·ld;Ilrt 'ad\" in tht' ll ,~t" II, OInd Ih t· ( l lJ" d applauded a ,tht' SIt·a m Rolin rail OIllO li lt" fi.. ld 1I1 bl; ll I.. 1t'I '" .\, " ' lIh \d lo\<' ..IIIIM"" MOllnd Ih t· ,11TH" ,m d

I,tq.:y Illlmb('" Oil ti lt' b,tt k, (t',1( h pla"'1 f('ft'i\t'd0 111' je r\.t·\ a nd ('XI"'( It'd 10 ma ke il fa,t Iht · ('lII il( ''("1" "1 1. The Steam Ro ll t' l band . ,I thirt' "l'wlt·unit Ihal did lin 1I1'lIdllll~. plavcd llw nanouulanrhe-m hum th .. b l(·;tt IWI' , a nd Iflt' ga ilit' IM·g;lII

wn h onlv o tu- ptc-veavrn ron tnt ag-alll,1 <l

~" mi pro rluh ttl .~O 011 . CO' lleJrn a ll di d nut knriwhow h i.. team wou ld Ia n - ..~a il1' l th( ' '1' ,1111.. ," ''' ,TIlt' g-;IIllt'\ l ir "l half e-,ra bh vhed 'en-a m R" Ift.I·'(h,nae tet fOI tht, ...· ;1 .. 011 . It, p la\e" vhone- "II tI.··leu..e, ,ulIlpkt('h fO" III~ \\'d ,h and li lt' ~•."'1'1111.. o lll'n'e, wh rle the !' Hu itlelll t' lI·a111 rou­nolb-d thl' ha ll on olfen~t · wit h ' ttn 'H!; IMI\\'I' I 111 11 ·nlll~ and an Ot I'a ..iona l 1);1.... hv Wild t 01 1 \\, i l"' lII toIM( 1.... l..tlllldmall .1IId .... inunon-, ( I tit' '1IH.:k -, . 'inga, dcploved hv Conzel mau II...-d e-nd- IJlllII,lIlh

ItII hlor kll1~ and oulv ill lrl 'ljut'l11h lor 11;1 .... It· ­

t('i\ ing ). f h t· fi"l ha lf (·lItlt-d 20·i ill !;l\OI of1'1 1.\ id.' 111(' a nd. afl t'l theband plaved dUII I I~

h;. 11 t ime ime-rrni ....io n . Itit' IWO ( Iu h, n- nu md It.

1>;I lIl t· IhlOllll:h a ", ..rele" ",..-ond half . T Ilt' vn-amRoller r halked III' ~.H \ ';IHh UII tllkll"''' dllllll~ lilt'gauu-. whjle- Ih (' L lIlket" ~ ,lIIWd ;1 IIIt'U' h ft \ ·lo lll\a ld" "tl,i l1g ollh 0 11 a ll illj('/((' Illltl il 1('1 11111 b\\\' t'1 l h I' n p Will i,lln , ,t" t lt 'd wi th hi, h.lIl ·. ,HI\ ·III~ . "1I11 1l~ two ..1 the \<" lI l11i ll~ 10111hdo\\' I" ,"III It, tht, PrOl 'ldo/( f' } fJlo'l a{ ..i ll~lnl Ollt WU·.. Ilt-1"nllw·nl"'l/.: 101 hi' l illI' pt" ill Ihe !iIW. I' l·I(·1I..:t1 ltttli . t'\( '1\ iluh lh e "1J( Jlh '·IIIIIlI,i;I'1. Iwld lilt'pole o f tilt' fil,1 dO,,·11 mink!'I . <I' hI' wOllld ,.1.'\t'l\ hOI11" ga lllt' .n llllll~ Ih. · foll"w lll~ \\'1'('1.. , lilt' t(';11II IIdd II'

11'";11 dOlII\ pra( tit .. allJUllt1 IIlldd,I\ . 1""' 1.111111<: It'l" \ I'l l I" lilt' FI,lII l..lo " l Yd lo wp ' 1...'" 011 "UIIt!. I\T Ilt' Yd lo w ia( 1.. ('" had 1H'~1I11 11It'1l ,t';I'OII wit h\ Il to! it', 0 11 1I0lh li lt' ",11 11101.1\' alld ,"'lInd,1\ Iwfn l t·allll hl o ugh t ;r lou .dl. \,'dl ·!t·gaH!n l '<ill,u l l" 1'10 ' I·{klltt". .-\ t lowd 01 ~ .1I()0 \.;1" Ihl' SU·,tl lI R lIlk ldlop., th ',I P I M ) II 1t Ill~ In.I' ek l j' lo ll to Ih hlttll'nit' "itt 'MIl Ro lk l 11'(11)·0 ,l ll t'l Ihlt'!· '1U'IIII"I ". hilI

lilt' Ydlo wj,H 1..1'1' ... llI('d 11lt'1I 1">1111 ' ill till" fi ll,t1h l lt 'ell 1Il1ll 11lt·, .

~t· \t " ulHb y', g<lll1t· ,1~ ;I ill' t lilt' n .l\ lOll 1"11·,iIIg ln plt .\ idt'll ,Ill , ';1" " P IM'1111I1 il\ I'. ~t·' h,lt I..IIltu " \, illllill .~ hiibll .\ f h ,ll tt"r 1IJ(" lIIh" 1 01 li lt":'\"FI.. li lt' r l ia n .I.:I I·' p IOlH'11 '11I 1tlt'lI g,llII' " Oil Ih( '10 ;U! ,nu! Iu d all n ll"lhl' "J ,lIIt'mlt Ihat Ih" 11 I IlldI,H lil Wil' llllJllll1 Ih .. hall 0 11 ,1'IOlld 01 Ihltdd"w l1 a nd h t'l lt' tha i lh .,lr .'I' pf' llI"llt, IUllIlllt'd ( t tlt'TIJ"I1 ~ I ( '" wou ld 'IOIt' nilit' 'Mlm" III tht,1t ",·\t"n

,

12,1 ~TF.A\1 ROLl FR

g:,1I1H'\ lhal \1';J"01l ~ . nit' Stearn Rolle!, a I'Xpl'( I­ed. had hili" uoubk- wlIlui ng 21'\-0 . TIlt' onl\ di,­app..ttHlI1~ non of lilt' attcrnoou - halfb,« I.. junSunmou-, vulfercd a d ivlocau-d Id l \houldt'1.

011 Tlw"d;l\ ni.~hl , SOllllt'nl)<'lg ;u[(1 Sj n-llm.ruholh I,'on 1'10 wI,'stlin g mau he-v al AII ;Hli;l Ball ­room in dowmuwn PIO\ ide-nr 1'_ Oil Slllllla\ ,1111'1­noon , .\ n,uil a would ln- eq Ulp p('d w ith a \\'e'l('lnLuion wil e 10 U'(( 'I\ I' ;1 plav-b\'-pl;l' att nunr 01the Steam Ro llt'r ' , g.utu- at Xrw York 's Yan keeSladiulll . Fall" ill l'rovidenr c could pay 50 cents

In hr-ar Ihl ' ~alll(' announced t-ithe-r at AIl';ulia orat l 'lw Empue Thcau-r S(ll1lt- nl lWI 1;, ,1'0 ;H(llln ­parut-d Ihe 11';ItJl OIl Ilw Satilldal nighl Fall R i\t ' lLinr- blMt rh.u pulled into :\I'W York ill little fOlthe- W;UIl 10 I ht'l I.. 11110 a hol d for <I gnod Ilt g: b l ",hi'p . :"'t'xt afn-rnoon. Couw lma tl und (OII1P;II\\

vn-pprd Oll[tJ the glallloro ll' nn f oJ Yankee- Srad.ium . Ilwll IIn ll 'IX ~(,;11\ old and th r hOIl1(, oj

Hal)<' R ut h and .ulu-r Bro n x BOlll lw' ''. FOlJlb.d lYankrt-v . how('\t'I , "h; lIf'd norte- of rhr- ;J IlLI "Ill'101IIHli llg the h;",d )<l 1I dub. a nd a cr o wd o f H,OOOfan, f ilh-d II'S" than tweruv 11< '1 11'1ll 01 lh t' ",·ah .Star hac k Clhb\' \felch had lr-d :"ew Yorkr-r-, to

, Ill UI''' I'I \ IflOT\' 0\( '1 Fra nkford the P Il'\ IOlt "\\'1,t'kl ' lHl. hUI he lou ld 1101 g:,l ln rTI lll h aga ln" l Ihe

Sl eam Rolin ddt'lI"I ' tTl th" re malr h . R t· tll li l 01an in lt'r(t' pliflll Illi , I \(ll lfhdo\"tl III O tlkt, I butl \

lal t' in tilt' fin al Ix'riotl gil\'I' Pro n dl' llt e a I:!-lln il llllph , hltt lilt' pl i(t· of Ilf lOI\" wa\ l o'\~ o f ( :o n ­le lman a '\ a p lan'l . Jrl lh l' J01l11h lj llal wr , r tln n in g:

Ollt fOI a pa",>. h .. lTied lfl I ha nge dill'l lion, hi "'pll..e" caug hl in 11 11 1 ami lit' "I '\I'I('I~ Ion' kllt,t,( a IIi lag-e. \I o tl da ~ '" jrm ma l (I/mp lt rTw llted \f t"!1 hlOT a \ ;d ia nl d lo" III ddeat and prai"ed lilt' 1'10 ' ­Idl' llu' dekn,,(' , "i ng ling OUI Slw Il1l1;1ll . O rl an dSmith, :lIld .-\1.1' \f t! \ o n fOI wnr k III Ihe l lll e ;mdapplaud lllg It rte!Ja( kln .~ oj U n ll' Smi lh a nd .-\1ll adt!ell , a IMHI·wor ki ng fu ll h,1( I.. ,tt q lli led d Uli ngthe \~t'ek hom lh (' CllI t';~ go B('a l ... Tlt e SII';unR o ll t' l \\'ou ld pla\ nTT\ Smutl\ a l lhe (: \,<1(' ­

drOll\(' for Iht, n '''l 01 IIt;H 'l'a~IHl "

Hu t a 3-1 ItTo ld did not lu de injul\ ploblem"in lht, P II)\ 'ldl'TlI t' h,l( klietd , \fi lh th e Pott~ \'ill,'

\lanltlll' (oming lhe ((ll/owing Sun da\' l ( h lo ll('l28 }, ,"iim m o n " wa, otll w il h hi, in j\llf'(i , llOll ldf'l

whi ll' Conlt,lrTlall wa, ho"pll altled In H'pan hi "kllt,t,; hI' wou ld nOl pla~ agai n tha i ",'a""n ,tt1i1would 1lt' \TI leg-am til" full pl a yill g ~ kilb. \flld ­cal \\' i l ~on look o\'er a" a ili ng (oal h a nd (k , i '\( 'd

a bac kfu-ld ahgnlllt"llI o f h im self and Wil liam" arrln- halfb.u ks. Oden <I I quarn-rbar k. and l Iaddr-ua t 11111 hal k. wuh thr- Cronin hlllitwr, in 1I'''I'I\t' .Tbi-, (ornhi llat loll plavrd wI,1 1 a .~;lill"l the- xfa­roons. a tnugb n utfn from tlu- coa l-milling: lil,, ­l til I o f ea -n-tu l' t-n nwlva nia. Bd (lll ' a II( nnl " l1'1 .(100 tht- Stearn R olle l look Ihe 0pt'ning kif l..oJI.drovc 73 vurd-, to a tourhdown. and 'olayl'd aheada ll lhlouglJ Ih e 13-6 contevr.

;-.Jowl -I , the Steam Roli n '" III'XI o pponcnt­Ik ll Oil \ \\'ol \ t'r ilH's - had nmg- up a J-n It'(ordwif h a h igh-,coring au.u k buill around l;, ill );u I..Bi-n nv Friedman. .\i Ft. \ tlHhl LUlIOII" plave-r .-\n)JI"I 'n"l l ~ Al l-Am encan at t ' n i\ f'I 'ii t\ 0 1 .\Iil hi ­ga ll in 1926, Friedman p iotl t'I,It'd I:'xlt'll"i\{' tI\I ' 01tlu- forward pa", ava vraudard of[,'ns i\(, weapon .l it' tin 1'1 Irt',tlalt-t/ to rall hi " OW II IIUIllIIt'I 10 pa",

tht- b;tll. uvuallv "li ng-ing t he- bulbou-, p ig\kill I"hi" IW I'in '1 with t'XtI ' I)lioll;ll afl\lran . Adduiona lvkillv a" r unm-r . plar e-k u kcr . a nd ddcll 'I\ (' ha c kadde-d 10 lht' ho x-nlfir r- lu re 01 hi s nu nu-. I rlIel( '''1iu thr- IIIHomi ng visit of Friedman led (: h;illil'COpP(' tI to invrall .~ ()lJ exna lI'm p Ol;t1y "I'al" I"auolllrJIodatl' au (,xpl'IIt'd O\'t' I f]OW r rowd . Thn-arof ram held atn-ndauce dow n 101'1,:100 to ,,'I ' t lu­(onhollia llo!l . TI If' \\'o h t'l ill ('" anin'd ill [OW II ;11\'t';I1\ t('am, h ;t\ ' itl g pLqwl ill Fr'llI l.. !o lll nil S;tl­IIrd a \ amI \Id ft'f(·t! a 25 -7 bea tlllg- Oil a lIIn dthfit'ld . T tli' SlI',Ull RolIl' l \,'a" boo"t('d hy lh t' p H",,(' rlf ("o f Cnllit ' ltna n, who (amI' Olll of rht' ho"p il;1 1 "nT htll\dd\ to (oa(h fro m th .. ,idl' linn llll I IIII( hi ''' .Pl on d(·tI( e \ 1t1tt'IlWIl rt l\ lwd F, i("d m:lll h;lld and

nulli fied 0 1'11 011 \ p a", m g altai k; a 10111 hd"wlIp;l", hom \ \,i ].,o ll to \ \' tllt alll '\ madt' lhe hOlllt '(I'am 7-0 vi( lo,,>. T lte y t'll o wj;[lk l' l\ lIle;m w h lkwl'r l:' Iwld 10 a ,\1011' 11 '\" l it' 11\ Iht' ( ~ i al l h in :'\t'\,VillI... thlOW tllg lhe ;..;n , r<llt' illln a de,H!I<lf I..ht'I\"t't'l l Fra n I.. fOld (5- 1- 1) a nd Pnnl dl'rl, l' (:)- 1·0).

"r hl' Srt' alll R(lll t'l h ad a m l)!I' 1Il1'I I~w \\,("('I..I ·lldin "101(' ;1' thl' lea rn p la yI'd Salll n!;1\ a m I Slllll!;l\ganH'~ ag<lill'l t 1'('11' :\I;1 lq llt'l lI' , a n(Jll- lf':lglll ' [('arllflOIll B" ' loll . \ \'lI h manv fOlIlWI B" "lo ll ( ;"Ikgt,a nd Il ol ~ CIO\" playt ''' , Pelt ' :\l a lq llt' lI t' h;,d "h1l 1(lUI a "tl lng oj I< )(al 0pp0tJ(' rHI" bUI 1<)"1 [<) l ilt"

Yel ln wja( kt' I" 11-0 III Iltt'l i onh nltTll ll~ Wllh :Irl~Ft. duh , :'\ 1'\ t'lllwl l'''s , lhl' ""I if'" wa" btl ll'd lorIhe "l'\ (' W Eng l;tllll ( ha m pioll\hip." S;ll wda\ ',

1IH'('IIIlg- al RI<lH'" Ftd d til Bo "tol1 wa" Willi 1)\P lo vidt'IHI' 1·1 -7, ,l lld Ii.OOO ,\;tW lht' Sll 'anl R(ll lnta ke a ll I'a\~ 20-0 det 'l\ioll on Sunday al hll lllf'; Ill('

•

12S H f,A M Rot LER

onlv b lot 011 th e- weeke-nd wa s a hip in ju t v vuf­Iered 011 Sunday hv Po p Will iam s. While Illt" 1"' 0

Providence \'ifl m ies d id 1l0110Ullt m :'\FL vrand ­in~s , Ihe Yellowj;u kl'IS bea t Po n svil te bot h Sa ru r­day a nd Su ndav 10 move into so le 1:M'S,,'\ sioll IIIl ir sr pl ar e.

l'he 101' vpot wou ld pivot around n-vul e, IIInt'XI weekend. Xovembe-r !7 · IH, (or 11ll' Steam

Roller and YeJlnwjad':I'h wou ld pl ay O il Samrdavin Fra n kfor d a nd Sunda v in Providem e. 1)t'SIIlU'their Ocrober loss ro t he- Yellowj ...,kl'h a nd ill ­JU Ilt'S 111 Iht' bac-kfie ld . rhe Stea rn Ro ll er IUd t, Iher fl 'SI of a fou r-game wuming vrreak (, ix inl 11Idin~the- Pere :\l a rq ut'll t' .~ames) inrc rha t we-ekend.OMI h COII/t' lma n a nd hi s squad look a Fndavafn-rno ou trai n 1(1 Philadelphia. slay l'd (wI'l ll ig h ral Ihe 11 11I1'1 :\dd phia , lIa \t' lill~ hv uai n S;lIll u);nTllOIIIIIl~ 10 the cimple crad ium in thr - vubrub 01

Fran kford. :\ full hOllo,{ ' of 1,', .000 fan-, turned uur10 W;i11 h Ihl ' IfJ llhonl,"ioll b -rween ttlt' st";Isollt'dYdlowj;u kel '> aud lh l' u p-a nd-coming ," lea mRoller. BO/h cfub-, ptuh-d themwlvev o n lo ughforward hilt'S and vruhborn ddt'lhI:'S. \II Iht, fils lhal! rurned inln a hillt',h fHIIKhl S(OIde" duel ,Borh ((',IIIlS exc ha nged mur hd nwn-, in rhe \I'fo ndhall fOi .. Ii-Ii ril' .md m all \' hwi se, In show fOIliWH Irou hles.

All er re la xi n!/: fu r a 11:' '''' hOllf'i, hOlh leaIThboarded ~Irtpin!l: ('an O il a midn il?;hl f1ai n 10P tt n-idelli t' . Thl:' Yell o wjitt'kelS pl a yl..l wl"t'kt"ndduuhleht'Oldel \ a, a fIll t' , bUI RoliN pla yt'IS 1T10 ~1

likely rt'll Ih e wt';U-and -lea. 01 e"'!I'm lt,1 ilflinn ,TIlt:'y had pla yed IWO !/:Ol lll(,' lhal p 'l'\ iou, wt:'t:' k­e nd , ba ll int Ihe fi l" l-plafl:' dub 10 a IiI:' 0 11 S;IIU1 ­day , a nd Spl' llI Ihl:' Ill!/:hl III a ~ 1X"t"dill~ l>l t't" p in!/;f aT. T o mah' m all t''tS WOl<;,t' , (ulllba ck Al lI ad ·den 's kn ee. injuTt't1 in Fr ankford...lillellt'd upo\t' lIl1ghl. Willl Con/t'1ma n and Will ia m s sidt,­Ii nffl a!to!<elher. Sim mo n.. a lld H adde n able 10p l<l\' o nl" spa li nRly . Iht' ba ckfield o f Wil son .Odl'l1, and IWO C ronin s had 10 pla y a lmosl lh enll ir e g-a llle , Rain Ihrl'al t'Ilt-<! tn drl:'llch Ill{' C yclt'­dIOIlH'. bUI a n O\'I:' I(low no",·d of a p proxinult'ls 'J1.000 ~howffl up al Ihe nt' '''' sLa ll inR li me o f ~ ; 15(d a \S welt' !/:.owi ng sholler. a nd Ihel e W('II:' IlOl i!/: hh) In r(MIl fo r Iheir I()("al {;i\ori lt,s, [arl~ IIIltw .'I;a me Ih t, Roll el s "'OI ed Oil a Wil son -ro ·Odelll>a" a nd. whell Ih l:' linal !l: UI1 so undt'!, Iht, S( 1I1t'­hoa ld sli ll lead 6·0 . P m \ id ('l1t t' had mlled illlnfilsl plai t' III Ihe ~ FL.

Thar perch ,I[ t he head 01 Iht , sl;lIld HiRS madeth e \'i,i l of :'\1'''' Yo.k ', G lanls 1It'X1 SUl1da\ , :'\ 11\­

ember ~:'. a much am it ipatrd eve-nt. :\ h h(l ll~ h

rh e-v held onlv a mediocre -l·3 ·~ n-rrud fOI 'ha lseason. th e (: ia nl s WI 'Tt ' def end in g :'\FI . eh.uu ­pion s a nd a popular allfanion aroun d th t' Il'"gllt,.(Allnp!;ut'ncy and disst'lisioll had du lh-d :'I: t·'"Ynrk ·s pt 'dOlmance that vear . but \I vuf l Iearuredit \t'" ,uHng forward IIIlI:' m d udlll !/: end (:;11Hubba rd - ron vidend todav o ne 01 the hl'sr lim',nu-n t'S(" - a nd rar kh - Cennuv :\lil slC'ad . All ­Auwr it ;1II st"sera l sea l' lx-tore at Yale. Anor he- YaleAll-Amera-an 011 Xew Ym k's JOSlt'1 was hall -bar I..Buu e Caldwell . wncauou of the 192i folk!(l:'st"a\l)II.

( :;Ild wdl was hOIHllt'd In ;1 l ormru ne-e " f nora­hies fro m his h.. nu' town . Avhmn . Rhode Ivl.md.in a Iive-minun- ceremonv JU'1 be-lou- Ihl' 01"1ll1l~kit 1..011 . Afu- o,{"t'lIlg Ca ldwpll fllt''i.t'IIIt'ti wuh an ;n l'li n g IMg , rill' recurd (Jowd of ,IPI'IOXllllard\1."1 ,11(1) hundh-d IJp In l'a rly wjnn-t I f,ld and ' 1IOWflu llies III watch the 1t',IIll, r lavh . Fa n ' {tluld read .ih st" Ih,1l Ihp ( ~I an" 110 IOIlKI·r h'HI t hampton ­shil) edgt" .Ja( I.. Cronin 's IWll IOIU hdnwn-, .rnd'ollnen llt"l!o(s k il k o f a ~H-s';lId fil:'1d gfMI kil lilt'(Jo wd 100Ile lll wi lb " hOllwrOWIl \ill<lI \ , Ili-O.:\11-"". COp llt"ll, Doo k \ , a nd Lauda li rea li/ t'll aIIch SL lfii p lolil. as lilt" ~anw·s Iin"ncialrt'l:MlIlshl'ws , -'·'W( :" Inl .. prfMt:'t'tit'eI from lhlS dt 'lt'''l In10 '1' Ilwil l ina l lh rt:'t:' Inllll-sis of Iht ' o,{'asol1 ,mdsillk ill to rhe I:MIlIom hod! o f rllt' kag rw.

!'un illt-m e ', j Ola rla /llu lIll lt" ll'd li lt' llk dihoodo r a n :'\ F I. c hamp ionsh ip, !:Mlilll inK OUI Ih;ll Iht,Ru llt' l h"d Ollis IWO garTH-s It'll on ltlt' s<11t,iule ,l:Mllh a~a llls i wt'akt" OPf:Ml!lPIIIs. TIlt" h ',lIn \,'oll idIla \ ell 0 !'oll S\ i llt' fOI;1 Thanksg- I\'IIl ~ D d \ (fl ll­les l ami lh l'lI I (III( IlIdt· Iht , Sf 'aso n 0 11 Slllll Lts a tho mt' ag;linsl Iht , ( ; !t '('n an 1' ;1( kns . Ro aldmg a!lain UII " 't'dl l(', d;l\ allt'JlUMIIl In P,o\ideD!t',t' I~ IHt'(' 1l p la st'fS sla\l'd Iha t lII~hl i ll ;1 P hi ladd ­phi a hill d and in Iht ' lIlo llli llK lIa st 'lnl a bolJlSIXl)' mil t,s nOllhwC'sr 10 l'olt H'ill t" ;1 sma ll (ils IIIthl ' an thr;u ilt' cH; r1· mill i n~ 1t'1(1011 . In Ihal sl;u ko,{'llIng 01 Ifxk and s!llpped !/:'ound , ITHIlt'IS 1);,1­lIon il t, l lhell IfMllha ll h·a m in tll!/:t· num l:M 'fS: lh t,;\l a Il MIIl S' ht 'Sf flJl lha , k. T OilS L.a rollt' , had ",'m krdin Illlllt 'S;l S a n ail (llt'st t'llr rllllil s ho\\'ill~ all a ln i­ludt' fo r IU lllll n~ a nd I.u klm L: . I .al /illt' WilS o ne o fIh lt't' POll S\ ill t, pbst,fS who hold 110 tolkge t'X­pt'r il:' llC t" a numhel h igh ('\l'n fOI Ihnsl:' I:'a rl~ \ealS

1~1i Sn :A \ I Il O I I . 1I

STEAM ROLLER SONG

Stea m Holler .. R oll , R oll, R ollA cross their. C oal. C oal. C Olli .For uhile the band is pln vi n '. S tands are su iav in 'Fans are savin' " R O L L. STEAM HOLLEH"

T'hro ugh th eir line .A round th e end! That's fi ne!

A nd. n ow to swell th e sco re. o ne to urlidoum m o reSo R oll , Hall . Hall!

11"" ,, / , fll /I ""'l: Ih/ll lu ," flu- " "am U"II~ , (/uh , ,, lIm lo:al" ,,1o: d ,,,,,, <: t!( ~11 ,1""""/",,,1"1' '~a"'" ", I"::,"

of :'\:FI.. TIll' \l,LIlH' ll ' "Ia,,'el a tllu i,ill~ , nit>01

IWlth,,11 hill , al lhnu g h Ihn hudrouu-ndr-d for theIC ',U':LlI ' t halllpillll,hip ltl 192:1 ;illd 192ti, thn h ad, lippe 'd LlllO ;1 laikndt'l\ ,LU ll' ill 19~i'\, 1' 10 \ '1­

dt'IlCt' p L n t' l ' dll ln"l l a l..c' Ih t' lIll i ghl h , h "Wl'\('I ,

bet ,tll'" tlu- ,\ t U' H'II ' l,e'It ' III<"t d lff l( II Il t o ln-aton the-tr hrum- hrld <Illd we'fe- corning o ff ; 1 2ti-OILp"'1 O\ l'I (;It' ''ll Itl\ 0 11 SLlIllLl\ , a game pl ;l\ t'd

in hl l1ulLn ,g vnrtw. 1I ' ;t\ lIl~ tht- fw ld a muddv TlW"101 th.u r h , tlI 1.. ,~ i " i ll ~ COIlW'1 W ilh nv e-rcavt,I..it" I hll ';IfI 'lII l1,g lII11 IT !'It'l lp Llalloll , 10,000 Ia n-,j<l lll llwtl j'olh\ i llt-', vmall -radium 10 vir-w a de­Ic'n' I\( ' h, lIdl' , ;\ILld rn;IlI,' I OOlill .~ 1II1'lUI' a nd o f­

itolh' " c'llalll , J;IC I.. Croll III" « uuhdowu III mill '.md SOlllll'lJtK' I ~ " I'XlI,1 IHIIIlI Oil pLUl' I.: ie I.. gau't ill' S ll ',eJll Rll l lt'I a i -O \ H II,r \ ,

Hark HI j' , o \ llk ll ' I' rh.u ,l!It'l lll Nlll , fIN ,lha l llan~

relr-bt.ue-d Bf(J\,,-n', lti -11 \i l tOI\ ove-r Colg,lIt "(1(I, i ll~ tI\ll .1 \t' I \ \ lltc(,,, lu! \('a,o n. O nh a 10"

10 uutx-auu Yak I..q 'l rh.. 1\\ I.I'<t glH' rnh- out

I II I'l o \ idc'w t ' ,

l h.. r uv ' Ill " II' " io n :lI te-am . hO\H'\I'1 < had ;1

dl<llllpioll,llIl' I ILII III II , ,i ,l.:hh ~" il .uriccd horm­Il\ uai urh:u niulu. \\' ilh ll!t'i l n-ond at H-I -I , till'

"'lc';llIl Rnl k l lotl ld Wl <lp tip :\H ,\ (IOWIl wi lh :1

I ii ' 01 a "it tll l\ a ~al ll ' l I h(' CUTli Ra \ I" " 1.:1'1' on

vundnv : " ., nlld -p"'(I ' Yd lo \\' ja tl..t'h ,",ood at y- ~-~

wit h lhln' g.une- Id l to pLl\ and could nnl t ;ltChlip wirlunu hdp I IOIll tht' 1' ; I CI.;( 'I\ , Provideure:1,1.1\('" ' ;Ll!ll ' ill io rhi-, ClIIl lnt ' 1'"H'wh ,1l wurn

down 11\ Po rr" ill t' :Ill d on]" 1\"'0 d<l" of U"l afte-rif. Jill.: C'Olll IL Ill! lIh l;llIt e. had ;1 brokr-u no'o(' '0

I" U' bu. h 'l he-l P Ill' "ppl(l;U he-d JII I.. :\1,1( " ill ­11011 , nauu-r ;11 R I O \'I I. "hn fi~~t,c1 lip a PllIlUli\(·1;1( 1' ma vk 101 hun 111,,1 ,Olllt·\..-!I;H If''''!Ilhlt'il"

hO"I", bhnder-, 0 \ '-1 Ill ' "'''1' , \ \' ith th i-, d f'\itT,lll;U hnlln hi , he-luu-t , CIOIllIl (ould pt.t\ a g. IlIl'1(;" '1 '11 R,t\ ,

p ;u " " h ' p Ln l'l ' ;11, 0 h.rd rt'a"J11 fOl LlI igue.,01U Illd il lg ;1 ,11"'t""I'I ' " IJIP In 11ll' Fa , t. rtW\h.rdbea u-n tlu- (. i;lIl t, i ·U 1II li lt' 1'010 (;roull<h 011

:'\O\t'm IM'1 11'l , had IMTII 'lIl IlHII\ I!l r ,hh"d III

I'ol h \ll k :.! ,;· U "n :'\ lI\1 'mIM'1 :.!."I, a nd h;1I1droppe-d

OJ l li g~, 'd ~·lJ ,g,1II 1l' III F! ;Hl k l o u l 0111 Thall b~I \' ­

I II ~ . I hl '\ IJlo u .ldll ,I ·,·I,:.! !l '(llld in to rhi -,cnllte~l

,1 1 ' 1Il~ wnh " I ll' II I :'\ l"I.', hnl h<l' k-, IMll b.II "\ '1'1111' l .n q ·Jk ll ..\ J.: 'MM.l ru llJlI' r, d d" nilel , a nd the" 'a g l H' " 1'" '11111 '1 I'I IIIH' I , 1 .1",, 1'111' 11 ~I I -.l l "'01' a la w­\1 '1 \\t1 l1 had ,u' t IM'I 'II e-Irrte-d t1 i,"i, I ;ll lOrm' \ ftll8 11"' 11 < ;" 11 11 1\ , f,f "hllh linle- (;1 1"1"11 ttl \ wa.. aIMII .

R~;Hdl , '\ , 01 IIU' 1',1( "I'r '.., 'l!I'Il!,:l h" the crowd01 IO,:;OU a t Ifll' C \C kdrollw !I;Ht 1'\ 1'1\ 11'''-'( JIl to

e ' IM" 1 Iflt' ll 1'>1;11 po" t'l hflli't' t o I Im l h the- :'\FI.

11111' ", ll h ream-, h ll'\' ". ,lill J.: f l 11l Mlll u ll itin i n

Ih l' " I M'nlllg ljU;Ult 'l 1',11 ""1' hro], .. 1111' il l:" in t hr­

lhut! qu.ute-r " 11 ;1 ~n- \,u d t01l1 11I1" wlI 1M" Ir umLe we-l k-n I f I \1.11" ' ; lilt , " '11 ;1 IMIIII I iliad" th e- " IJlt'

i-O , nit' " U"IIII K" lIn lh o \(' -.I '\"Ill\ -I\,·O vard .. IIIl ' II '\I 'n 1.1 ;1\ ' . wl lh ,I ~.1- \ " l tl I M" hum \\'11 ">11 h I

Odr-n "l II Illg [Ill' Ifll il hd l 'W II , (; II' ", uuu-nhng:added IIU' "'" ;1 1>1'"11 wuh a pLiu ' l if k. TIlt'g: ;IIIW cmk-d ,II i -i , IlMllllg I IIl' 'su-am KolIl'l, h "mIJlOllol :'\1'1 .. llu- Ydlo\\'j;1( l l' h 10'1 ~X-ti InI h(' Chlla ~o lk;u , 111.11 d ;I\ , m;lllII g: !t lt'll two

1f'1Tl ;'IIIII Ig: .L\ ,I IIIl· ' at ' tll " ll li , I'XI' l t I't·, III a 1' 111­d lld,·tl il lh' fha ...... n it" "[CUll Koll el rllll ,lu"(! i h

,(' ;,,, '" w ll h , 1I 1 1'l· 1·~ k ;,g ll<" In Oil!. 1\"' , tIlIII ­

It'<lglw \ i( tOIU" , ,\Ild Illl' h igh" '1 h"1101 in ri ll'w Olld " f 1" 01""10[1,11 "H'lh,dl

{ 'nllle I'>lb \ ' , ' Iq >l'l b"wl \\' IIIIH''' ,''!t';]m

Kolil-l p1.l\l'l ~ pull'll up I'" hll~l" hOIll\'> 111I',k,[III tlwil '111 (1'''. A, 1...lllll"d Ihl ' Illw ·ln , UlII" ­

1~lbll ..llI'd ' 1;1 1(' "f Ill" [III llh,III , l('alll Ill l"mb"h

' 1 111 p l ~ I l ,t l' i \ Tl l l t W II IUlImaIIM\' 1011111" IllIalgam,' . Bill lh"I! ' \\,; h O I H' 1,'w ;lId, a \ i I ID I \' h;lI1 ­qW'1 al 1111' "dlm"I!" I ioid OIL 1'11e,da\' 1'\"l'lIing;\1 ti :~O . wlWl t' Ihl' , ' llI i lt · It'alll , a d l'l , '.g;u loll of (11\

and ' I, lt l' ollulak aud "ppro,imald\' ?O{l l l;\\i llglal1 ~ cddJI<It"d Ihl ' 'I ll' I·"flll .... ·;h Oll . bit h pL!\I '!" .,"j " 'd a .g" ld \, ; I! t h ; I~ ;\ IIIt'II\"1II 0 of tile' ....\ 1..011 .amlllU' U\ IIII IJlI" ('llll"ll ,I I lu ill ~ c lip 10 ", Illl"t

"tllI,IIlI,· p l'l\l,t , 1'].1 \1'" Ihl 'lI!'>t' I,," \011"(!10 d t"-I iel, ' Ih al, .... ,lI lm g upon t lw l! pOplll"l , .~ t >l N.I - lI a ­

IUI I·d 11',lIh I lt "I II lt ' IIII' lllt 't· il ljUI\ wh ilh hac!' Idd ll lt"d hllll IfII lI lt" hulk 0 1 ,til' .... ht"(luk. In a,IUII I ' I M ~'I h , COllld m a n p l;l"I"(! hi, learn ' , mu­

ra lf' , ' ''\ lIIg Ih ,11 " I I II'll' h ,lIl lIo l Ot't '1I a I ro" WOld

II" t w",'tl ;111\ 1\\' '' 0 1 tile p(;" t'I ' III Ih lt'I ' mouth..,Oil 01 o ff illi' l idd" ,\ \ ,IIIt' I, 0 1 ' IM';t l n, Il >l )l tlu­I1IHII . h il t '" r-,I.ghlt·d WOl t" 01 Itit' , Iau", ;lI lor llt'\

~ I ' IH ' I ;II , Cb.uk- , 1', ' i "f lll , 111'''1 dnt'l\ t· 11'­pl lllIing :

r l't' \t'01 thr n u llo pin \' an-d tot krd with fltht' r"10' w ho hn l'" \t't'" I" ",n t n nl t /lm , IH,d / u',J11 1 toIn\' to \' 0'1 rn a ll verrauvnrvv. '" m \ 0/1"" I}" I,r /J ­/t'-nu m al /oo tb nlJ a \ plavrd b\' tlrt' .\/,.n11/ H o l/n 1.\

rra l/\ benrr loo lhall I },(H ' u'r Irr an ou r uIl/rl!.r

I!. TJ d "lI7n. / lI' II1k I I " lin rdt', 'f)o lbnll , and I thrnkIt 1\ dt'a " n jflu/bnll. f ;l 'n \' ma n UII thr Ho ll n l\ a

col/rl!.r ma n, Il r k" Ul. ,\ u-hat a ' IUH/H1IfllI/I RrI{ n11/t' ' \ , and Itr t art tr v m tu /J1 o{r , "wlln l 1IIlIIbailall thr 1/11 t' r tlncat p rll1f/l' lr ' that h,. mrehr luueeat hered m ("IIt'~ t', 11'II/1",/1i 1/ Ii ,. h n\ eamrd tlu",ntllr ll\' that tu m,.\ 10 uldrr mrn. T he 1\'11,. " f[ootba ll \'U " plav mal ' af I a, a ,I " ,,,dl" 10 {oll rerand \'OWIl!.n Irllml' Iflfltb nll. I t IJ l1I k 11Ir dav 1\

10mI'll!. u' ht'" IH/) ' lIu/1lnll , 'I II f"l/fII'" the r x-e m plr -et b\' Hu li n , u-dl lakr 1/., I,l n, t' u' , lh ba w­ba{/ al the e rrn natuma l pr" jt'\\ /lm a f ' /lt/ rt.

I hi , u ndoubredlv " ';,, hr;l\ ,u lo IM·lm l· " I h o .... ·11,111111("11(1" ()l lhl l l l',I Il' , hUI h i , fi n ;11 11II·d ill i' 1Il. '"p lt ·I..- " I" III'I' in till' fall· ..1 fll n (ootb"lI' , Ie-b ll \f'pO\l 'II\ and 01,,, III i n In !9~x , did , onn- mn- III

,Ip f" n" m.u d \ I h lln \ t'a " ,\ 11 1"1 Iht, h ,Ult lllt'l

I ' /H ll'd , 11\l' SIt ' ;1l 1l KolI,'! t1 i,IMlld"11 Willi ptn f'I '";lltt'! lI1g III t11t'1l hOHl I" and ol hl 'l pUI 'Ulh .

W illlt 'l I!J :.!H - ~!l \\" ;1' '' lill l!" fill It'1i ,h i ll~ ; lI l lIl'\t·­

1IH'1l1 ' "I ti ll' p;I'1 't ';(" ' 11 (:!Mtli t· <:OI'P"II , Pel ..LIIHbll , a lll l Jlulgt , J)'H llt ,\ had "",,,hk pl ollh III

It 'fl ,', t upon , Illodu, t, oluI'plI'll'dl 'lIll 'd t'm h u ' l­a'lII whilh I'IIU,illt ' IIII ' fa ll ' ,hl l\\' ('1! a, 111l' t(\111Ipilll'd lip lIllllll"lllUlll ",ilh IlIlJlfltl;ltll \,I([orit', in

:'\lIII'mlll'l , Fi\T Ilb , t'I' g" illl'd :\ II· I .' ·;lg ll f' hOlHH'wilt'll IIH" :'\F1 . i"ljt'd I" ollil i;t1 hOllo[ 1011 Oil

I)(-"'mll"l ~ :l , 1l,II11ili g \\'ild..11 \\'Ihon ;Im l <:hdt'

Sllllth III ih lil ,t tt ·'IlII . ,ml! pLl( ill g ( :1111\ ' Od"[l ,:'\Iilt RduHIUI 'I , ~ 1I 11 1 (;II ' "lllllWlllx·, .g 011 ih ,t·,­" lid It\Hll ,' O lll lt' II IM' l g I/ ',It Iwd tl1l' top h ,1I1 "f th t>bddl'l III !Ii , nlht 'l ' p oll on .!;1IH1:\I\ I. 19~9 . hl ' ­

fOl! ' ~n .utI( ) LIn' III 111I' Ill '\\" Ro 'tflll (;,lldl'Il , w h,·It ·Ill' IM ';11 Str;llI gkl I., 'w i , III IWo '";Ii~h l 1.111 , 10

(-"I'"H' ·jll tll,·"t f>Il ,1 1 \\I t '' l l j ll~ ',, w, ,, It! 11f';I\\ ­hTI .~11l r h" rnp l" lhlllp .

:\11 Ih i , "lfhwllu' d llllht" Sll ';J1ll Kulln 110 ,~fM M.1

in 19'29. SOIllH'nh" lg '''!\t'll OUI III 10ulh,,11 10

m ;lll' tM.-IIN IllUIll'y dd" lUlin g: til ' WIf'\,lill g "til",Odell (11111 10 lalt" a joh wilh an i ll~lI ra nc l' r om -

•

12M STf_A >,t ROU_f R

pa n~ in Bosron . a nd Clvde Sm ith dec ided 10 ~ I,I\

in h l \ nauve ~h~~our i av a ('("It h. Co nrelmandnln 'l Iu llv recover from hi-, kllt"t" injun. Rehn ­(Iui\l mivsed the fir"l pm!loll 01 rhe v heduh - be-r auw of illne-,s. and Wlldl al WaI<,{)IJ - his salarvraiced to $,;0{) fX'r game - pl.unl wu h a com­p Lut"1U \ rhar tu rned him 111111 .1 run-of-the-nullb<u k, The 1929 S team Ro ller tu rne-d in a h mp }­6-~ record. while fa n .. who kept rum vu le....pin­n ill!( d urin g the p n- vinuv W;l\on ..rav ed a w av indro\l' ~ " Whell the Depre-vviou ~r i l'ped th e nanon.not even a rule contender cou ld han' cu red thevuk ga te. At rhe conc Iu ..ion uf llll' 19j1 season .the- thre e- partner.. gave lip and turned their fran -r hive har k 10 Itw :\'FL Barl 'h " U1 \ i \" i ll~ 11t>IHf''' '" lI l1l\ d('I)(h~ . rhe NFL in IY32 liddt'd three team s111 New YOlk l (; i,Hll ", BIOUklYll Dod~('"" Statenbbnd Sldpll'IOW. ), lWO in Chilil.ll;O (Be;us andCill d illab ), Boston Bra ve.. (1I0 W Wa ..hington R('(I­..kira ), G ree n Bav Pal kr-r v, a nd Port smouth(O hll l) Spartan s (no w Del lOll l .iull \ l. Thing..wo uld Impl(H"t' 111 193.1, a nd 'WH'r aga in did th eSFI. have ..0 .. hakv a In u ndat ion a .. ill 1932.

Prov idence . no 101lg:t'1 O il rht" :'\FL r irr uu, con­n nued ro ha ve po-t-r ofleg ia te loo rball . Pea rceJohns.nn , o ne of ir .. onei na l fou nder... o rga nised asemipro \('I .. io n of the- Stearn Rollel 10 plavvmal l-wale loca l rea m-, in 19j 2. all a nd o nIh wlI!(h 196..1. rhe Pr ovidem e Stearn Ro ller p lac edindependen t and minor -lea gue- pr o football . Tht'CHIt"dro nlt' cOnl m unl 10 hO"1 n d in!( dnd foo t·ball U111il rhe c i t ~- do\("d il down n n ;\;u\ embl'r H.19j ·I, cir in g lhe dellt'pir alld danKt'wu.. co nd itio molu \ bJcoacher~...h ()wrwr o f ttll' properly , PereLalldari llllllt'd lhi ~ admini~lI.11in· mi ..fnrtunl' tohi\ ,u!\'a Tllag:e by len'lin//: ltw ..Iadillm and build·ill/;; Oil ih , i tt' an E,M. LOt·..... dfi\'e·in movie Ilwa l't'r. Opetwd in 1937 . "l'(Olld 01 il ~ kind in lheIMlion , Ihi .. dli\,t"·in ,>Ii ll 0l)(·rau' ~ .

Of lh e player \ o n lh t' 1 ~12H ,-(Juad , onh Conlt'l ­ma n had an y t'xtt'Tlded nlllll t'nion \... i lh pro fool ­ba ll. Ahhough he fini ..hed h l\ playinJ':: ca lt'1'1 in1929, he Rl t'w in \ ra u llt' a \ a ("()Ou h, It'ading: rht'Chica//:o C.ardina h for man~' 'i t'a i\ a nd cakingrht"m rn tht' :'\FL cha m p imuhi p in 19-17. Orherplan'lS It"h pro 10010011 Ion//: bt"folt' il \ Ia rrnl en­jo~"in g: m \.dIad day s aht'l World Wa r II. Fi,"e menfOnn~lt"d wilh rhe 1928 S' ("am Rollt'l slill )j\,t' inRhodt' hland . Jad:. Cron in m ach t'd LaSalle ;\ca ·dt'm) hom 1927 rhrouRh 1972. IUminl/; our M',·eral

powerhouse d ub .. and com pil inJ':: a 27·1-120- 19 I ("C '

ord mer fort v-five wa-on... Like Cronin . ClII hOt!l'1l i.. no ...· reti re-d . ha \ ill K 'tt'l\nllht' ..tale a .. a nttrve...ril/::a tor for ma nv ve-a tv. O rland Sm ith . wh opaid hi .....-a v through rnediral '>i hool wuh profoo lb<i1 1 earn ing.., has had a divu ngui..hcd ca reer;1" ,I p ro m m('1lI phv..ician . Pea rr e j ohnson "rilll ive In the ....me hn u '>t' ill Xort h Pro vidence inwhi l h rhe St e-arn Roller pia u ', ,, Iived in 192 /'1 . a ndPet e Laudan. now 91 \t' ,II" o f a ge . had n-nn- dand kll h i.. n-a l r-..ran- bll ,ilU,.... ill lh t' hand.. 0 11'('1( ' . JI. T'he ..e ge ndeme n ran te-H tale -, o f prolooth,lll before relevisiun lll;nk it a national Sun­day fixlllfl' and beton- New EII,I{I;uHI Pamot .. W('I('

tu-ede'd 01 crea ted 10 f('I" eM·1\t rhi .. n rmhea..remruruer of the countrv .

*

Fr om the Cn ll (' ( l ion~

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