RhinologyNasal dissection and physiology

dissectionNose)External noseNasal cavityNasal sinuses

Dissection external noseShape of external nosepyramidNasal rootNasal apexNasal bridgeNasal dorsumAlae nasiBasis nasi anterior narescolumella nasinasolabial fold

Dissection external nose nose stretcherboneprefrontal bone nasal bone ascending processes of the maxillae palatine process Pyriform aperture

nose stretcher cartilagelateral nasal cartilage greater alar cartilage

Dissection external noseThe venous drainage of the external noseThese veins mainly drain to internal carotid vein via angular vein and facial veinbut angular vein communicate to cavernous sinus via the the ophthalmic veinsfacial vein ---- no valve danger triangle of face

Dissection nasal cavityNasal vestibulenasal cavity

Dissection nasal cavity nostrilchoanae internalexternaltopbottom

Nasal cavitytop: anterior: prefrontal bone nasal bone posterior: anterior wall of sphenoid sinus intermediate: cribriform platebottom: 1.palatine process of maxilla 2.horizontal process of palate bone

Dissectionmedial wall of nasal cavity Nasal septumcartilage of nasal septum, lamina plate of ethmoid bone and vomerNosebleed areathe branches of arteries aggregate in intramembrane of nasal septum ,easy to bleeding ,so named Little area.

Lateral wall of nasal cavity Three turbinates dispose like ladder(superior, middle,inferior turbinate)superior,middle, inferior meatus

Lateral wall of nasal cavityInferior turbinate and inferior meatus:

middle turbinate and middle meatus :Lamella of middle turbinate(devide ethmoid sinus to anterior part and posterior part)The gap between the nasal septum and free margin of turbinate ,named meatus of nose

Lateral nasal passageFrontal sinus drain to anterior superior part of ethmoidal infundibulum via nasofrontal duct , second drainage is anterior part of ethmoid sinuslast open is maxillary sinus.uncinate processethmoid bullasemilunar hiatus ethmoidal infundibulum

Dissection Ostiomeatal complex,OMC middle turbinate and middle meatus and other anatomical structure, anatomy basis of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, FESS .

Dissectionarteryexternal carotid arteryMaxillary Artery Inferior part of nasal cavityinternal carotid arteryophthalmic arteryanterior ethmoid artery/posterior ethmoid arterysuperior part of nasal cavity

DissectionSINUSESNasal sinusesanterior sinuses apertures maxillary sinus middle meatusanterior ethmoid sinus middle meatusfrontal sinus middle meatus posterior sinuses aperturesposterior ethmoid sinus superiormeatusSphenoid sinus recessus sphenoethmoidalis

DISSECTION maxillary sinus anterior wallcanine fossa posterior side wallnear internal pterygoid muscle superior wallorbital plate foot wallalveolar processodontogenic maxillary sinusitis medial wallhard to drain because of high aperture

frontal sinus

ethmoid sinus

sphenoid sinus

Nasal cavity and sinuses dissection and examination

Nose skull homologic anatomyanterior cranial fossa: hanging wall of nasal cavity midpieceposterior wall of frontal sinus, hanging wall of ethmoid sinusmiddle cranial fossa hanging wall/ lateral wall of sphenoid sinus pituitary glandcavernous sinus internal carotid artery

Nose oral homologic anatomyposterior side wall of maxillary sinus internal pterygoid muscleFootwall of maxillary sinus second bicuspid and first molarsecond molarFoot wall of nasal cavitypars palatalis

Nasal physiologyNasal cavity physiologyrespiratory functionlaminar flow AND turbulent flow nasal airway resistance AND nasal cycle Protection functioncleaning and filtrationwarming and moisturizingolfactory functionresonant function

Nasal physiologyNasal sinuses physiology resonant function lighten weight and keep head balance