Rhetorical Theory Chapter 5

7/25/2019 Rhetorical Theory Chapter 5

1/19

R H E T O R I C A N D

M E A N I N G

E N G 2 1 1 : R H E T O R I C

T U E S D AY F E B R U A R Y 9 2 0 1 6


2/19

TEACHING DEMOSBY FACULTY CANDIDATES

Thank you for your great participation. You did a ne

representing the university and our students.

Thank you for the feedback submitted via the online

The committee will meet tomorrow to discuss the ca

We have to recommend a candidate to the dean, whapprove the hire. Then we have to make an oer an

the candidate accepts it. We hope to have everythin

wrapped up by net week.


3/19

REMINDER/UPDATE:RHETORICAL ANALYSIS 1

!ue THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 11

(THIS WEEK)

"#T, $ am going to oer a pre%emgeneral etension to TUESDAY,

FEBRUARY 16 (NEXT WEEK)


4/19

TWENTIETH CENTURY CONTEXTSThe $ndustrial &evolution brought wealth

prosperity to some and alienation to oth World War $ and World War $$ caused mathe West to 'uestion the basic values ofwestern culture and philosophy.

(ew communication media in)uenced,demanded, new ways of conceptuali*ingrhetoric.


5/19

L I N G U I S T I C

R E F L E X I V I T Y T H E I N T E L L E C T U A L R E F L E C T I O N O N

T H E F O R C E S O F L A N G U A G E I N H U M A

R E L A T I O N S


6/19

WHAT IS BEING REJECTED, REPLA +lato does not understand language as a system of usage, and

does not understand language as having its own independent -f

01ondit, 'uoted in "orchers 2234. lato thus presumed that language was pure and misuse of lang

miscommunication was caused by evil people, not the inade'ua

language itself.

5ristotle +maintains an attitude that sees language as tied to so

objective, eternal set of meanings, an hence not as the locus o

force a process with its own distinctive characteristics/ 0ibid4. 6pistemologists wanted to put aside language and rhetoric and

+truths/ of science speak through the rhetor. 7f course, science

language and rhetoric and is not pure or +true./


7/19

L IN G UISTIC REF L EXIV ITY: THREE ID EAS.

8anguage has its own distinct structure9 we have parts

0types of words4 and grammar 0the rules of how things

together4 and these are used to suggest meaning, enacommunication.

The structure of language in)uences how we see and u

the world9 for eample, 6nglish is marked by the tense

and does not have and its fundamental basis in dichoto

$n some situations, it is useful to use language in dierthan its structure suggests9 political and social commen

often re'uires or benets from using language in new,

ways 0he:she or *e:*ir:they4


8/19

THE MEANING OF SYMBOLS ANDSEMANTIC TRIANGLE

The ;emantic Triangle

outlines the relationships

between symbols,

thoughts, and referents.

1ontet plans a key role

in how people determine

the meaning of symbols.


9/19

HOW THE TRIANGLE WORKS 17&&61T9 1ausal relationship

between thought < symbols 0words,

images, etc4= ;ome thoughts bring to mind specic

symbols.

= ;ome symbols make us think certainthoughts.

5!6>#5T69 5 causal relationship

between thought and referents

0actual objects or things4

=The object itself can lead us to think ofthe idea.

= 5n idea can cause of thing of the object

itself.

The Treachery

2@AB%2@A@ 0often call


10/19

CONTEXT AND MEANING $nterpretation is deeply in)uenced by th

audiences social, cultural, and personalbackground.

Temporality has evolved over time, from

constant present of 1lassical Creeks to o

often multivalent, blended temporality. 6amples of 1ontet and ?ultiple ?eani

=(ative 5mericans and ;ports ?ascots

=Whiteface and "lackface


11/19

GENERAL SEMANTICISTSTheir work was in)uential but isnt actively ke

;ought to remove misunderstanding from rhe

Ceneral ;emantics eplains that words are no

objects they represent.

Words can be abstract, or multiordinal.

Words structure our eperience, but they are nsame as eperiences.


12/19

GENERAL SEMANTICISTS:EXTENSIONAL DEVICES

&ecommended using etensional devices can help av

misunderstanding.

= $ndeing is the use of subscript numerals to indicate the uni'two words.

= 1hain%indeing is used to indicate dierent states of the sam

= !ating shows how the meaning of a word changes over time

= #sing +etc./ indicates that we can never say all there is to satopic.

= >uotes are used to indicate the specic meaning of a term.

= Dyphens should be used when two ideas have previously beto be dierent, but may, in fact, refer to the same idea.


13/19

EXTENSIONAL DEVICES WE STILL 6tc. is a very common appendage to indicate the inepres

or compleity of a topic.

= ;imilar phrases used in 6nglish9 +such like,/ +and so forth,/ +yada, yetc.

>uotation marks9 etremely common in academic and ver

6nglish. "ut, it is often used ironically and:or sarcastically.

= Eor eample, $ might say9 ?artin 8uther Fings approach to rhetoric ethos, pathos, and logos in an attempt to create a +anguished rheto

= 7r, $ might say9 ;teve and Gudy left the party +to go the store/ to +bparty supplies/ but +got delayed./ They seemed pretty +worn out/ got back to the party.

Dyphens9 again, etremely common in academic 6nglish. 5

vernacular 6nglish we use hyphens in a less formal or struc

= Eor eample, a music critic could refer to the approimately 3HI suheavy metal using hyphens9 nu%metal, black%metal, death%metal, J

1hristian%metal, funk%metal, stoner%metal, etc.


14/19

GEORGE HERBERT MEAD ANDSYMBOLIC INTERACTION

Dumans have a mind, or the capability of using symbols.

The self refers to our ability to respond to ourselves as obje

= We form ideas about who we are based on the generali*ed other anothers.

= 7ur self has two components.

The $ is the impulsive part of the self. The me is the part that responds to social rules and norms that are lea

rhetoric.

;ociety refers to the collection of people who share commo

meanings for symbols.

S G C


15/19

S I G N I F I C A N T

S Y M B O L S : S I G N S

T H A T A R O U S E

M E A N I N G I N S E L

A N D O T H E R SW H AT S Y M B O L S A R E S H U S E C I F I C

AN D S E N S I B L E O N LY T O U S !


16/19

SUSANNE LANGER AND EXPERIENTHAT ESCAPE SYMBOLIZATION

!iscursive rhetoric is the

linear display of

grammatical words and

symbols.

resentational rhetoric isnot reducible to symbols

and includes art, music,

and visual imagery.

$ am so overwhelmed that $ just nee


17/19

SYMBOLS CAN BE USED TO MANAGPOWER RELATIONS

?uted group theory notes that women a

forced to eperience the world and

communicate through the language of m

Women who eperience childbirth havedeveloped new ways of using symbols to

accurately re)ect their eperiences.

;eual harassment is a linguistic form of

violence.


18/19

RICHARD WEAVER: THE RELATIONSAMONG SYMBOLS, MEANING, AND T

!ialectic is used to nd truth while rhetoric mo

people to take action.

!ialectic and rhetoric are used to determine w

right and wrong.

The most ethical argument form is from princi

while the least ethical is from circumstance.

1ertain types of words have great power to m

people to action or accept ideas about what is

wrong.


19/19

R O B E R T S C O TR H E T O R I C I S

E P I S T E M I CI F R H E T O R I C I S E I S T E M I C , T H E N

R E " U I R E S T H A T U S E R S B E E T H I C A L

Rhetorical Theory Chapter 5

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Transcript of Rhetorical Theory Chapter 5