RG Ash

8/12/2019 RG Ash

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg-ash 1/35

Chapter I

i.Introduction to Entrepreneurship

In political economics, entrepreneurship is the quality of being an entrepreneur, i.e. one

who "undertakes an enterprise". The term puts emphasis on the risk and effort taken by

individuals who both own and manage a business, and on the innovations resulting from

their pursuit of economic success.

"Entrepreneurship" in this sense may result in new organizations or may be part of

revitalizing mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity. The most

obvious form of entrepreneurship is that of starting new businesses (referred as startup

company); in recent years, the term has been extended to include social and political

forms of entrepreneurial activity”. When entrepreneurship is describing activities within a

firm or large organization it is referred to as intra-preneurship and may include corporate

venturing, when large entities spin-off organizations. According to Paul Reynolds, an

"entrepreneurship scholar" and creator of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, "by the

time they reach their retirement years, half of all working men in the United States

probably have a period of self-employment of one or more years; one in four may have

engaged in self-employment for six or more years. Participating in a new business

creation is a common activity among U.S. workers over the course of their careers." And

in recent years has been documented by scholars such as David Audretsch to be a major

driver ofeconomic growth in both the United States and Western Europe. "As well,

entrepreneurship may be defined as the pursuit of opportunity without regard to resources

currently controlled (Stevenson,1983)"

Entrepreneurial activities are substantially different depending on the type of organization

and creativity involved. Entrepreneurship ranges in scale from solo projects (even

8/12/2019 RG Ash


involving the entrepreneur only part-time) to major undertakings creating many job

opportunities. Many "high value" entrepreneurial ventures seek venture capital or angel

funding (seed money) in order to raisecapital to build the business. Angel investors

generally seek annualized returns of 20–30% and more, as well as extensive involvement

in the business. Many kinds of organizations now exist to support would-be entrepreneurs

including specialized government agencies, business incubators, science parks, and

some NGOs. In more recent times, the term entrepreneurship has been extended to

include elements not related necessarily to business formation activity such as

conceptualizations of entrepreneurship as a specific mindset (see also entrepreneurial

mindset) resulting in entrepreneurial initiatives e.g. in the form of social

entrepreneurship, political entrepreneurship, or knowledge entrepreneurship have

emerged.

Since 2008, an annual "Global Entrepreneurship Week" has been announced, with the

aim of "exposing people to the benefits of entrepreneurship" and getting them to

"participate in entrepreneurial-related activities".

8/12/2019 RG Ash


ii.History

The entrepreneur is a factor in microeconomics, and the study of entrepreneurship reaches

back to the work of Richard Cantillon and Adam Smith in the late 17th and early 18th

centuries, foundational to classical economics.

In the 20th century, entrepreneurship was studied Joseph Schumpeter in the 1930s and

other Austrian economists such as Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich von

Hayek. The term "entrepreneurship" was coined around the 1920s (while the loan of

French entrepreneur itself dates to the 1850s). It became something as a buzzword from

about 2010, in the context of the disputes which have erupted surrounding the consensus

of mainstream economics in the wake of the Great Recession.

Schumpeter on Entrepreneurship

According to Schumpeter, an entrepreneur is a person who is willing and able to convert a

new idea or invention into a successful innovation. [6] Entrepreneurship employs what

Schumpeter called "the gale of creative destruction" to replace in whole or in part inferior

innovations across markets and industries, simultaneously creating new products

including new business models. In this way, creative destruction is largely responsible for

the dynamism of industries and long-run economic growth. The supposition that

entrepreneurship leads to economic growth is an interpretation of the residual

in endogenous growth theory and as such is hotly debated in academic economics. An

alternate description posited by Israel Kirzner suggests that the majority of innovations

may be much more incremental improvements such as the replacement of paper with

plastic in the construction of a drinking straw.

8/12/2019 RG Ash


iii.Objective of the study

i. To identify and train potential entrepreneurs.

ii. To motivate the entrepreneurial instinct.

iii. To develop necessary knowledge and skills among the participants.

iv. To help in analysing the various options to select the most appropriate product suiting

to the entrepreneur and the market.

v. To give a clear picture about the process and procedures involved in setting up an small

scale Industrial unit or a bigger unit.

vi. To develop and strengthen entrepreneurial quality and motivation.

vii. To impart basic managerial skills and understandings to run the project efficiently and

effectively.

viii. To analyst the environmental issues to be addressed relating to the proposed project.

ix. To develop various business related skills of marketing, quality management

production, distribution and human resource management etc.

x. To make the potential entrepreneurs know about the possible risks and failures of the

project and make them learn how to overcome these problems.

xi. To enable the entrepreneurs to communicate clearly and effectively.

xii. To develop team building, technology up-gradation, growth and above all broad

vision about the business.

xiii. To develop a passion for integrity, honesty and industrial discipline.

8/12/2019 RG Ash


iv. Rationale behind Study

The rationale is that it's the entrepreneur who begins each small business. Without the

former, you won't have the latter.

v. Research Problem

• Entrepreneurship is reducing in Mumbai

• People are transferring to service sector

vi. Research Method

The entire data is managed only with the secondary data ie., Published Books, Articles &

E-Data & its official websites

vii. Hypothesis

H1-Entrepreneurship is developing in Mumbai

H-2-Entreprenurship is not developing in Mumbai

Conclusion:

Problem in Entrepreneurship-Negative Growth

Entrepreneurship in Mumbai is decreasing in Mumbai day by day. People are moving

towards job. The reason behind it is that the Margin has been decreased a lot and even

there is no guarantee of Profit. The growth of Entrepreneurship is developing at a very

slow speed

8/12/2019 RG Ash


Chapter II

Review of Literature

Entrepreneurship plays an eminent function in creating an avenue for employability for

rural communities, providing self-employment for those who have started-up a business

of their own and enhancing the economic status of the rural sector as well.

Entrepreneurship has transformed many entrepreneurs into successful business persons

and generated income for rural communities. Entrepreneurs in rural area have

transformed their vicinity into trading hubs thus enabling them to become urbanized

areas.

Conducting a literature review is a vital component of the research process.

Familiarity with the previous research and theory in the area of the study would help in

conceptualizing the problem, conducting the study and interpreting the findings. The

literature studies that have been conducted reveal the impact of entrepreneurial activities

in India as well as other countries. During the literature review, it is noticed that the term

“entrepreneurship” has been used in different senses by researchers from India and

other countries. This chapter will be covering the historical events and the research on

entrepreneurial develop ment activities both abroad and in India.

8/12/2019 RG Ash


Chp III-Compilation of Data Collected

Introduction to Entrepreneurship

Do you know that there are millions of unemployed youth in the country and by the time

you graduate, this number would have increased substantially? Do you want to be part of

that group which keeps knocking from pillar to post, checking with employment

exchanges, relatives, friends, and neighbours and still not able to get a job to their liking

and then settle for a second or third rate job?

You can also choose to be like Mr. Patel of Nirma who was a chemist’s assistance and

has a Rs. 2500 crore company today. Did you know that the original Mr. Bata was a

cobbler? And now has stores in more than 30 countries all over the world. Or you could

be like Dhiru bhai Ambani who started life as a clerk in a French company in Aden. He

was not born into a business family nor did he possess an MBA degree and yet, he is a

household name in India and figures in the Forbes list of the richest Asians. Lakshmi

Mittal, the steel giant, Satbir Bhatia of Hotmail fame and Narayan Murthy of Infosys are

some other names in the endless list you could choose from.

If your answer is yes then you can definitely opt for a career in entrepreneurship. This

book will help you to understand the process of setting up a small business, running it

successfully and seeing it grow. And let us remind you that this career opportunity is not

only for boys but also for girls - all those girls who think smart, are ready to act and script

the story of their own life - like Shehnaz Hussain or Ritu Kumar or Kiran Majumdar

Shaw.

Entrepreneurship can be described as a process of action an entrepreneur undertakes to

establish his enterprise.

8/12/2019 RG Ash


Entrepreneurship is a creative activity. It is the ability to create and build something from

practically nothing. It is a knack of sensing opportunity where others see chaos,

contradiction and confusion. Entrepreneurship is the attitude of mind to seek

opportunities, take calculated risks and derive benefits by setting up a venture. It

comprises of numerous activities involved in conception, creation and running an

enterprise.

According to Peter Drucker Entrepreneurship is defined as ‘a systematic innovation,

which consists in the purposeful and organized search for changes, and it is the systematicanalysis of the opportunities such changes might offer for economic and social

innovation.’

8/12/2019 RG Ash


Entrepreneurship Development Activities

1. Training and Skill Development Activities by Central Government

•

Skill Development and Training Programmes of Central Government

• National Vocational Training Information Service of Ministry of Labour

2. Training Programmes of SIDBI

• Entrepreneurship Development Programme (EDP)

• Small Industries Management Programme (SIMAP)

• Skill-cum-Technology Upgradation Programme (STUP)

3. Training Programmes of NSIC

NSIC provides technical support to SSIs through 'NSIC Technical Services Centres'

(NTSCs) and a number of extension and sub centres spread across the country. The range

of technical services provided through these centres include training in Hi-Tech as well as

conventional trades, testing, common facilities, toolkits, energy audit, environment

management etc.

8/12/2019 RG Ash


Prospective Entrepreneurship

What can be done for self-employment?

A micro or small or medium enterprise can easily be set up for self-employment. You can

choose an activity depending upon your interest and suitability not only to become self-

employed but also to generate employment for others.

What is a Micro, Small or Medium Enterprise?

The earlier concept of ‘Industries’ has been changed to ‘Enterprises’

• Enterprises have been classified broadly into:

(i) Enterprises engaged in the Manufacture / production of Goods pertaining to any

industry;

(ii) Enterprises engaged in providing / Rendering of services.

How do I select an activity for self-employment?

For selecting an activity or enterprise, you will have to consider the following significant

issues:

• Where do you want to promote the enterprise?

• What resources are available near the location of the enterprise?

8/12/2019 RG Ash


• What kind of market or consumer pattern exists near the site of enterprise?

• What kind of contacts you have to exploit to your advantage for marketing of the

product? What infrastructure is available at the location of your enterprise?

• How much capital is available?

• There are many other considerations including availability of skilled manpower, raw

material, technology etc. before you narrow down your choice for selection

8/12/2019 RG Ash


Functions of Entrepreneur

• Innovation.

- The unexpected success or failure or any unexpected outside event.

- Innovation based on process need.

- Changes in industry and market structure.

- Demographics changes.

- New knowledge.

• Risk and uncertainty bearing.

• Organization building.

- Perception of market opportunities.

- Gaining command over scarce resources.

- Purchasing inputs.

- Marketing the products.

- Dealing with bureaucrats.

- Managing human relations within the firm.

- Managing customer and supplier relations.

- Managing finance.

8/12/2019 RG Ash


- Managing production.

- Acquiring and overseeing assembly of the factory.

- Upgrading process and product.

- Introducing new production techniques and products.

8/12/2019 RG Ash


8/12/2019 RG Ash


Entrepreneurship in Mumbai

If you've watched the opening scenes of Slumdog Millionaire, you've seen Dharavi, a

teeming slum of nearly a million people in the heart of Mumbai. I'm just back from India,

including a visit to Dharavi. And, let me assure you, the film was shot on location.

Walking into the slum from Mahim Link Road, poverty slaps you in the face. Ramshackle

buildings made of a mélange of found materials and corrugated tin line unpaved

passageways. Open sewage runs through the alleys, collecting in puddles alongside

playing children. There is only one public toilet per approximately 1,500 residents, and

most families have neither the means nor the space to have a private bathroom. So, the

site of kids relieving themselves in public fields is depressingly common.

But at second glance, the slum is more intriguing and--much more encouraging. Despite

the low education levels, substandard housing, and intense overcrowding, Dharavi is a

veritable entrepreneurial hotspot.

8/12/2019 RG Ash


Two women sell pots in Mumbai.

I had the opportunity to take a tour through the area with a local guide who showed us a

sampling of the various enterprises. Befitting India's industrial heritage, there are a large

number of small garment manufacturing shops in which men and women work sewing

machines and do hand finishing work. Weaving and embroidery businesses are clustered

nearby.

Far less expected is the number of recycling businesses. For such a dirty place, Dharavi is

a mecca of "clean" industry. If a product can be reused, someone is probably recycling it

there.

Plastic comes in myriad forms from all over the Mumbai region. Scores of workers sort

the plastic into different types and colors and use machinery that is produced in the slum

to process plastic pellets and plastic wire. These pellets and wire are then sold in bulk

back to larger industrial users in India.

8/12/2019 RG Ash


8/12/2019 RG Ash


Entrepreneurship in Slum

For the past three decades, there has been a transformation of the recycling psyches that

has been experienced across the globe. New consumerism heaped atop rapid urbanisation

and population growth has left municipalities with overarching concerns regarding waste

management. For this reason, recycling has become a worldwide multi-billion dollar

industry and is set to increase as our consumer culture continues to accelerate.

In the West, we recycle because of our understanding that in doing so, it is essential for

conserving the planet’s resources. However, for some of the poorest people in the

developing world, recycling often isn’t a choice, but a necessity of life.

Sprawling over 550 acres of land in the heart of India’s third largest city, Dharavi’s maze

of dilapidated shacks and narrow, odorous alleyways is home to more than one million

people. In this small area of Mumbai’s sprawling slum, hidden amid the warren of

ramshackle huts and squalid open sewers are an estimated 15,000 single room factories,

employing around a quarter of a million people and turning over a staggering £700

million ($US 1 billion) each year. Despite the poverty, Dharavi has been described by the

UK’s Observer as “one of the most inspiring economic models in Asia”. And all from one

process: Recycling . It’s difficult to find something here that is not recyclable.

Could it be that these informal, shanty room enterprises are actually leading the city’s

green movement?

8/12/2019 RG Ash


8/12/2019 RG Ash


Due to the lack of formal systems of waste collection, it falls to the city’s ragpickers to

provide this basic service for fellow citizens. Without them, solid waste and domestic

garbage would not be collected or recycled, let alone sorted.

Dharavi’s Influence and Paperman

Inspired by the ragpickers of Mumbai, Paperman, a non-governmental organisation

situated in India’s eastern city of Chennai (formerly known as Madras) helps to promote

and create awareness about recycling and organises campaigns to combat many of the

social problems India’s urban areas are rife with.

Founded by Keralan-born and environment conscious Matthew Jose in 2010, Paperman is

a social venture aimed at creating a paper recycling revolution, inspired by the ragpickers

of Mumbai. Theprogram has reached over 100 schools and 2 million students in Chennai,

educating them about recycling but also laying emphasis on the role Paperman plays in

India’s bigger recycling picture.

Paperman now has the support of various corporate and governmental organisations and it

appears it has already generated a ripple effect, having spread its campaign to 66 cities

across India. It is these grassroots movements that, we hope, will make India a role model

for the world in dealing with environmental issues.

A lesson to be learnt

Recycling is still very much the focus of many developed countries, who continuously

strive to improve their recycling endeavours. Despite many of the social and ethical

controversies surrounding the recycling industry in India, Dharavi has carved a reputation

8/12/2019 RG Ash


8/12/2019 RG Ash


Social Entrepreneurship in Mumbai

Social entrepreneurship in Mumbai has progressed significantly over the last decade.

More and more people are using entrepreneurial skills in building sustainable enterprises

for profit and non-profit to effect change in Mumbai, says Deval Sanghavi, a former

investment banker and now president of Dasra. Based in Mumbai, Dasra is a non-profit

organisation which bridges the gap between those investing in social change and those

spearheading the changes.

“Social entrepreneurship in Mumbai is emerging primarily because of what the

government has not been able to do. The government is very keen on promoting social

entrepreneurship - not necessarily by funding it or by advising on it or enabling it. What

they do do, is not disable it,” Sanghavi, who brings the rigour and discipline of an

investment banker to the social sector, told INSEAD Knowledge on the sidelines of the

International Social Entrepreneurship conference held here recently.

For example, in Mumbai alone, non-profit organisations educate more than 250,000

children on a daily basis. The government has not told these organisations not to do it, he

says. Whereas in some countries, when someone takes it into their own hands to start a

facility for education or healthcare or empowerment, the government often puts in place

barriers to prevent this from happening. “In India, there is this drive and commitment to

take change upon yourself. There are no inherent barriers to begin with in India.”

8/12/2019 RG Ash


Development of Women Entrepreneurship

The contemporary Indian woman is going through a tectonic shift. From the job she has

set her eyes on to her clothes, from her attitude to her mom-in-law to her relation with her

kids, she is changing. And the Mumbai woman has often led the way in mirroring these

changes.

This Saturday, all those women with big ideas will get an opportunity to talk to other

women who can help them change their ideas into business modules.

An entrepreneurship summit for aspiring women enterpreneurs will be organized in Sion.

Participants will get an opportunity to interact with women who have started from scratch

to build a company. TiE Stree Shakti is the knowledge partner for the summit. Kangaroo

Kids Education Ltd's Lina Ashar, who is one of the speakers at the summit, said, "I will

focus on what it takes to build a company and sustain it. Passion and purpose lead to a

product that needs to be executed to perfection then," said Ashar.

Also present at the summit will be women from various companies. Universal Legal's

Sharanya Ranga and Future Factory's Geetika Kambli will give the participants a

thorough explanation on the legalities involved in launching a new company on your

own.

8/12/2019 RG Ash


Award by a Women Entrepreneur

Ms. Priyanka Gupta, Executive Director, MPIL Steel Structures Ltd. was awarded the

prestigious Woman Entrepreneur of the Year Award (2012) by the ET NOW, at an award

ceremony held in Delhi on December 13, 2012.

ET Now & India mart Leaders of Tomorrow awards are India's most prestigious

leadership awards. This year the grand jury was headed by Mr. Arun Maira (Member,

Planning Commission), and comprised of Mr. Vineet Nayyar (CEO, HCL), Mr. Vikram

Bakshi (MD, McDonald's) and Ms. Sunita Reddy (Jt.MD, Apollo Hospitals Group),

among some of other's India finest leaders.

The winners were recognized at a special awards ceremony, and Mr. Sunil Mittal,

Chairman, Bharati Enterprises and Mr. Anand Sharma, Union Minister of Commerce and

Industry were the chief guests. Ms. Gupta received special recognition as the youngest

woman to have won this title by ET Now.

About the MPIL Group

Since 2001, MPIL has emerged as a leading manufacturer of complex steel structures,

pre-engineered metal buildings, and fabricated solar panel mounting systems. The MPIL

Group has diversified interests in steel, infrastructure, renewable energy, and logistics.

MPIL’s steel structures provide the steelwork for Mumbai International Airport, the

Sahara Star Hotel and Conventional Center, over 50MW of solar and thermal power

plants and for India’s largest clear-span dual-plane hangar. MPIL has LEED Gold

certified manufacturing facilities in Maharashtra and Karnataka, aggregate production

8/12/2019 RG Ash


capacity of 50,000 tons per year and a team of 850 engineers and contractors. MPIL is

dedicated to improving resource and energy efficiency in construction.

8/12/2019 RG Ash


SHAPING ENTREPRENEURS: PROF. KAUSTUBH DHARGALKAR,

WELINGKAR INSTITUTE MANAGEMENT, MUMBAI

• Prof. Kaustubh Dhargalkar is an entrepreneur-turned-academician and founder of three

companies. After selling his last company in 2005, he took a year off to learn Yoga.

Later he joined Welingkar Institute of Management, Mumbai where he introduced

several innovations in the Business Design courses and established a Centre for

Innovation & Memetics called Innowe. The center explores unconventional tools of

Consumer Research to discover latent needs and new opportunities. He is currently

serving as an Associate Professor of Innovation & Design, and as Mentor at Center for

Innovation & Enterprise at IIMB.

• Financial empowerment of women makes for sound economics. Often their

emancipation and financial independence translates into empowerment of the

community as well; first extending to their families then to the people, institutions and

businesses in their communities. NEN's faculty mentor Kaustubh Dhargalkar's work

with women entrepreneurs aims at cinching this empowerment by mentoring their

ventures.

• Kaustubh is not new to mentoring, having worked with innovation centres of reputed

business schools. His long experience as a successful entrepreneur brings to the table a

sound understanding of the market and business realities. As an academician and

8/12/2019 RG Ash


educator, his access to innovative ideas and ventures, places him in enviable position to

influence his entrepreneur-mentees.

• As part of the NEN-CBFW Mentor Development Program, Kaustubh Dhargalkar

attended the 'Entrepreneurial Finance' module conducted by Prof. John Mullins of

London Business School.

• "Everybody needs a mentor"

•

The journey of entrepreneurship can begin for any number of reasons. But can thosereasons hold water when facing the tough expectations and demands of the market?

How do women entrepreneurs step up and launch a venture that promise to meet these

demands? What does it take to be successful?

• Welingkar Institute of Management Development and Research started an initiative

called Prayaas where 30 women were taken through a three-day workshop to help

realise their entrepreneurial dreams. Renowned faculty and industry experts including

Prof. Kaustubh mentored them in different aspects of starting and scaling a venture.

• Kaustubh worked with the 30 women entrepreneurs on the areas of Need identification,

Opportunity spotting, Concept generation and Financing avenues. Starting with the

whetting of their business plans, the professor prompted his mentees to consider if the

germination of their ventures lay in the bridging of a gap in the market or capitalisation

of their skills. The session focused on key elements of a business plan including

8/12/2019 RG Ash


resource analysis and the issues an entrepreneur should expect to face. For every

feasible idea, Kaustubh mentored the entrepreneurs on financing and scaling of their

ventures, and strategies to consider while approaching bankers.

• "Build it and they will come"

• At the heart of a successful innovation lies a simple idea. Rehab Chogle and her

business partner Shashaank Mehrotra have demonstrated this with their venture 'Muft

Muft' which translates to 'Free Free'. A student of Prof. Kaustubh at Welingkars, Rehab

saw an opportunity in reams of photo copies that an average student takes as part their

course notes. The venture attempts to targets the student community by offering

subsidised or free photo copies carrying the client/sponsor's branding in the footer.

• The win-win goals see students who are only too happy to be spared of their money and

time, while clients are happy to have a new avenue of reaching out to their target

segment. Rehab cites the case of MAX (fashion merchandisers) who were having

trouble with the brand recall for one of their stores in Matunga in Mumbai. Muft Muft

researched the scope and targeted the three colleges in the vicinity with their services

which has resulted in one happy client.

• Prof. Kaustubh's mentoring has been invaluable to the young entrepreneur who stresses

on the continuous evolution of the business model. The professor, ever willing to lend

an ear to their questions, has been helping them in staying real and to not be consumed

by their opinions. More importantly, says Rehab, his questions are the same any

investor would ask, which in turn helps them to focus on scale, managing of

8/12/2019 RG Ash


stakeholders' expectations and on business development. A firm supporter of the

venture, Kaustubh’s mentoring has instilled confidence in the realisation and growth of

their venture.

• The greatest satisfaction has been the enthusiasm and endorsement of their student-

customers. They appreciate the novelty of the idea and are always eagerly consuming

their service. Even the photo copier owners are happy to be part of the new initiative.

• Development Programme of Women Entrepreneurship

8/12/2019 RG Ash


8/12/2019 RG Ash


4.Which type of planning do you use ?

Strategic Planning Operational Planning

5.What do you work for ?

Profits Salary Remuneration

6. Where you want your business to be in 10 years time. This can be termed as ?

Mission Statement Vision Statement

7.Which qualities should a person possess to succeed in planning ?

Reflective Thinking Imagination Farsightedness

8.Which factor affects business environment ?

Internal External All of the above

8/12/2019 RG Ash


9. What tells the purpose of existence of business ?

Mission Vision Both 1& 2

10. What is your primary function of management ?

Planning Budgeting Controlling Organizing

11. What does an entrepreneurship demands ?

Innovation Creativity Both 1&2

12.Which type of enterprise it is ?

Micro Macro

13. What are challenges faced by you ?

Global Competition Changes Around Globe

14. A large income is the best recipe for happiness I ever heard of ?

Yes No

8/12/2019 RG Ash


ii.Conclusion

• In recent decades the role of an entrepreneur has been considered of very great

1significance in accelerating the pace of growth and economic development in both the

developed and developing countries. An entrepreneur is a person who perceives

opportunities, organizes the resources needed to exploit the opportunity and sets up an

enterprise. The process of setting up an enterprise is called entrepreneurship. An

enterprise is a business venture. It is an undertaking that involves uncertainty and risk as

well as innovation. An individual has the right to choose any income generating activity

or self-employment or entrepreneurship as a career option. Functionally income

generating and self-employment activities are the initial sages of entrepreneurship.

• The qualities of entrepreneurship and management are present in varying degrees in

both managers as well as entrepreneurs. Yet entrepreneurs are different from managers.

They create opportunities for innovation, experimentation and production. Once

production begins managers take over. They are more concerned with organizing

the routine day-to-day jobs. They do not prefer to take risks.• Entrepreneurship is a discipline with a knowledge-based theory. A person can learn and

acquire the competencies of becoming an entrepreneur and start a venture and make it

grow. So the myth that entrepreneurs are born and not made can safely be dispelled.

• The most important functions of an entrepreneur are innovation, risk and uncertainty

bearing and organization building. An entrepreneur usually has to perform all the

functions of production, marketing, finance, human relations etc. especially at the time

of start-up and establishing an enterprise.

• Most entrepreneurs usually start a small venture and then make it grow.

8/12/2019 RG Ash


• The central and state government should undertake project and activities which would

increase entrepreneurship in Mumbai

8/12/2019 RG Ash


iii. Bibliography

Website

•

http://www.commdev.org/attachments/118_Track%206%20Building%20Sustainable%

20Community%20Dharavi,%20Mumbai%20-%20Beck%20Purcell.pdf

• http://www.huffingtonpost.com/randall-kempner/dharavi-the-most-

entrepre_b_834300.html

• http://sustainablebusinessforum.com/sbtoolkit/73201/india-s-dharavi-recycling-

slumdog-entrepreneurs

• http://cowbird.com/story/51713/Entrepreneurs_In_Dharavi_Slum/

• http://yourstory.in/2012/11/book-review-poor-little-rich-slum-what-we-saw-in-dharavi-

and-why-it-matters/

• http://www.sparktherise.com/projectdetails.php?pId=8797

• http://www.indiegogo.com/projects/dharavi-diary

RG Ash

Documents

Transcript of RG Ash