RFID Slides [Compatibility Mode]

8/7/2019 RFID Slides [Compatibility Mode]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rfid-slides-compatibility-mode 1/30

The Evolution of RFID – Next Wave Principles, Challenges & SolutionsCopyright © 2007 RFID Technical Institute, Inc. All Right Reserved

The Evolution of RFIDNext Wave Principles, Challenges & Solutions

Gene FedorsInternational RFID Business Association

IEEE – New Jersey Coast Section Meeting11/05/07




RFID at 30,000 Feet

• Radio Frequency Identification

– A method of uniquely identifying items using radio waves

– A reader communicates with a tag

– Used to determine “Item-Location-Time”

• This Item was at This Location at This Time

Who Are You?Reader

I am 35S4U96XE




RFID Tag

RFID Tag

• RFID Tag:– Consists of a silicon microchip (integrated circuit),

attached to an antenna that is packaged in a way thatit can be applied to an object

• Tag Inlay:

– Consists of a microchip attached to an antenna andmounted on a plastic or other thin film substrate

(Note: inlays are usually purchased by Label Converters who turn them into smart labels)

AntennaMicrochip

Inlay




RFID Object Tagging

RFID Tag




Next Wave: Custom Tags & Enclosures

RFID Label Custom Tag

RFID tags may be embedded

in a traditional barcode label

or

encapsulated in a custom

designed enclosure




Next Wave: Integrated Readers

• Reader

– A device used to communicate with RFID tags

– Readers types: handheld, vehicle mounted, fixed,

etc.

– Attaches to an antenna on one side and to anetwork/system on the other

Reader RFID Tag Antenna

An RFID Tag picks up signals from and sends signals to a Reader

Handheld

Fixed & Mobile

Air Interface Protocol

Next: Integrated

Source: Alvin Systems

Source:

TAGSYS




Next Wave: Reader Design & Cost

Reader Circuitry Evolution

– Intel R1000 Chip - recent announcement:

• A highly integrated, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)

that combines 90 percent of the discrete components found in atypical passive UHF RFID reader radio onto a single chip

• Use of the chip could eventually drive reader costs down to half their present $1,000 range


An RFID Tag picks up signals from and sends signals to a Reader

Air Interface Protocol




Next Wave: Specialized Antennas

Reader RFID Tag Antenna System

• Antenna– A Tag Antenna is the conductive element (usually copper metal) that enables

the tag to send and receive data

– A Reader Antenna is used to emit radio waves used to power up a tagmicrochip so that it sends its stored data

– With certain type of tags data may also be transmitted to a tag and stored

Tag AntennaReader Antenna

System

Omron

Intermec

Alien




Basic RFID System Functionality




RFID Vs. BarcodesRFID Barcode

Electronic Device Printed Symbol

Uses RF Waves Uses Light

Sensitive to EMI (noise) and metal, water Not sensitive to EMI, metal, water

Non Line-of-Sight Line-of-Sight Required

In most cases no labor required for read Reading requires labor, except on conveyor w/ reliablelabel positioning

Can be hidden, protected Subject to dirt, abrasion, etc.

Simultaneous Read One-at-a-time

Range: Active – 300’+, Passive 30’ Range: 35’ if large, 2’ if small

Small to Large Data Size Small to Medium (2D barcode) Data Size

Read/Write Read-only

Always serialized Usually not serialized

Digital link to the world (sensors, wireless) Human link to world (manual intervention)

Strong Authentication possible (access control, non-

duplication)

No Authentication, except encryption

$0.15 to $200+ tag, “expensive” reader Virtually Free label, inexpensive reader

Emerging for some uses, mature in other areas Mature – Ubiquitous

RFID Versus Barcode – Know the Tradeoffs





Wireless Communications

• Various forms of wired and wireless communication can link RFID

reader/systems components to allow information exchange• 802.3, BlueTooth, Wi-Fi, 802.11, WiMax, Cellular, Satellite, etc.

Next Wave: Multiple Types of Communications

System

Wired & WirelessCommunications




RFID & Wireless Communications

Fork LiftMounted

Reader/Antenna

RFID Tag




Next Wave: RFID Enabled Enterprise Applications

Reader RFID Tag Antenna System

• Readers are usually linked to systems running enterprise applications

• The data collected from a tag is sent to an enterprise application for

processing; data may also be sent back to tag to be written to its microchip

• Data collected from a tag can also be stored in a portable reader and up-

loaded later for processing

EnterpriseApplications

ERPWMSTMSetc.

Middleware




RFID Middleware – Why We Need It

Business Analysis and Decisions

Inter-enterprise Integration

Business Transaction Management

Integration between Devices and execution applications

and/or the network

Device Layer

Device Layer

Device Layer

Hard

ware

Software




Next Wave: Addressing The “Whole Solution”

• Solution Component Layers:

– Tag

– Label– Reader– Antenna– Printer/Encoder– Label Applicator– Communications– Middleware

– Enterprise Applications– Systems Integration– Network Infrastructure– Network Applications– Various Sensors– Enhanced Packaging

– Business Process

– Standards – Data Management, Security & Privacy

– Organizational Change




If you don’t understand thescience (physics) behind RFID

you are not adequately equipped

to undertake an RFID program




EM Transmission – Frequency Characteristics

Source: IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag. 1998 May-Jun;17(3):111-4.

915 MHz13.56 MHz

RFID Suitable Frequencies

125 KHz 2.4 GHz433 MHz




Read Characteristics & Frequencies

125 kHz

Passive RFID Examples




• Active– Battery powered

– Limited life span

– Most costly– Most functionality/performance

– Optional (Sensor)

• Semi-Passive– Battery assisted (limited)

– Better read range than passive– Hybrid functionality

– Mid range price

• Passive– No battery - powered by RF field

– Longer life span– Least functionality

– Least expensive

Next Wave: Tag Types & Design Enhancement

C os

t $ $ $

Aprox.$.25 - $1.00

Aprox.$5 - $200




Frequency, Read Range & Tag Type

125-134 kHz

13.56 MHz

2.45 GHz

902-928 MHz

Active Tags 433 MHz(Wi-Fi) 2.4 GHz(UWB) 6.1 GHz

etc.

Passive Tags

10’ 20’2’ 4’ 6’ 8’

Active Tag20’ – 300’

RFID Wristband

Passive Tag

Passive TagMeds - Bottle

Meds - Case

Pump




Next Wave: Multiple Tag TypesDifferent Capabilities for Different Processes




“Technology Maturity Tipping Points”

Different components of an RFID solutionmature at different times.

The maturity of the subset of technologycomponents for a particular solutiondetermines its viability and adoption timing.




Technology Maturity Tipping PointsWhich solutions sets are mature, which need time?

– Tag

– Label

– Reader

– Antenna

– Printer

– Wireless Communications

– Business Applications

– Middleware

– Enterprise Applications

– Systems Integration

– Sensors

– Packaging

– Network Infrastructure

– Network Applications/Security/Data Sharing

Yes

Emerging

LeadingEdge

Varies By

Application

O

pen Versus Closed Loop



The Evolution of RFID – Next Wave Principles, Challenges & Solutions

Copyright © 2007 RFID Technical Institute, Inc. All Right Reserved

RFID Strengths for Business Advantage

• Automatically Links the Digital (Systems) to the Physical (Objects)

– Package is at this location… it contains… but contents is spoiled

• Item Level Visibility

– Unique ID per object if needed• Dynamic Identity

– Read/write data update, not static

• Locating

– Finding people and things

• Tracking Objects in Motion– Goods, people, etc.

• Handling Choke Point Issues

– ‘Things Go Wrong Here”

• Automatic Routing and Management (Audit Trail)

– Chain of custody tracking, e-Pedigree, etc.• Monitor Environmental Conditions (With Sensor Added)

– Temperature, light, vibration, moisture, etc.





• Mandates

• Mitigate Risks/Errors

• Safety

• Increase Revenue/Reduce Costs

• Maintain Competitiveness

• Comply with Regulations

RFID Business Drivers





Barriers to RFID Adoption

• Implementation cost/complexity

• ISO vs. EPC vs. Industry vs. Global Standards

• Compliance Mandates vs. ROI

• Technology Maturity Tipping Points

• Global interoperability and integration

• Data management, synchronization and sharing

• Pilot to production scaling

• Packaging revisions for production performance consistency

• Some legacy apps not RFID ready- can they scale?

• Understanding/achieving the needed changes to business process

• Privacy concerns - item-level tagging





Sample Solutions In Operation Today

• Asset Tracking (Containers, Pallets, Equipment, Tools, Parts,Rental Garments, Live Stock, etc…)

• Cold Chain (Perishable Goods Monitoring, Tracking, SpoilagePrevention)

• CPG (Supply Chain Management, Product/Stock Visibility)

• Defense (Asset Visibility & Management)

• Financial (Smart Cards)

• Healthcare (Patient Safety/Management, Staff Productivity,Mobile Asset Tracking)

• Library (Inventory Management/Check-in, Check-out)• MRO (Parts Replacement)

• Manufacturing (Parts Tracking, Routing, Control, Quality)

• Maritime (Port Security – Container Tracking, Contents Status)

• Pharmaceutical (Consumer Safety, Brand Protection, Anti-

counterfeiting, Track &Trace, Drug e-Pedigree)• Retail (Stocking, Promotion Execution)

• Security (Building Access, Asset Protection)

• Warehouse (Inventory/Logistics Management)





RFID Technology &

Business Fundamentals

Getting Started with RFID

Business Process Driven

RFID Solution Planning

Integrating RFID Functionality

into an Existing IT Infrastructure

Advanced Methods for RFID Data

Management and Synchronization

RFID Middleware Selection, Design and

Implementation

Wireless Communications Infrastructurefor an RFID Enabled Environment

Managing Security and Privacy

Issues Underlying RFID Deployment

Incorporating Industry Standards

into RFID Solution Planning

RFID Implementation Methods,

Challenges and Best Practices

Advanced RFID Systems Performance

and Design Practices

Level 200

Standards

Connectivity

Middleware

Data

Management

Integration

Business

Transformation

Security

Deployment

Design

Discipline

Preparing the RFID Enabled

Organization for ChangeChange

Management

Advanced training to

develop mastery of various

RFID disciplines needed to

participate in or conduct an

RFID initiative





International RFID Business Association (RFIDba)RFID Educational Reference Model

RFID Fundamentals

for IT Professionals

Advanced RFID Principles

For Implementers

RFID Systems

Deployment Management

E x ec ut i v e

B r i ef - C I O

I nd us t r y

S t r at egy

I T

S

t r at egy

RFID Business

Program Management

Level100

Level200

Level300

Manuf ac t ur i ng

L

i f e S c i enc e

Mi l i t ar y

Mar i t i me

A

ut omot i v e

Ret ai l

L ogi s t i c s

I nd u

s t r y / P r oc es s x

I nd us t r y

S t r at egy

E x ec ut i v e

B r i ef - C

x O

B us i nes s

S t r at egy

ITOperations & Management

Track

ITExecutive

Track

BusinessExecutive

Track

BusinessOperations & Management

Track

RFID Certification ProgramBest

Practices

Forum

Best

Practices

Forum

Level400

RFID Fundamentals

for Business Professionals

Advanced RFID Principles

for Solution Planners

Master Level

TM





Harry Pappas

Founder & CEO

International RFID Business Association

[email protected]

www.rfidbusiness.org (M) 610.357.0990

Gene Fedors

(O) 610.251.0464

(M) [email protected]

For more information:

RTI RFID Education White Paper:

“Maintaining Quality, Relevance and Proficiency in RFID Education”See www.rfidtech.com under “News”

RFID Slides [Compatibility Mode]

Documents

Transcript of RFID Slides [Compatibility Mode]