RF Master Protek A434 User's Manual.pdf
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Transcript of RF Master Protek A434 User's Manual.pdf
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RF Master 4GHz
Users Manual
Copyright 2007 GS Instruments Co., Ltd
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Protek A434 RF Master
Users Manual Rev 1.2
Safety Precautions Safety Symbols
WARNING. Warning indicates attention to a procedure, which if not correctly preformed,
could result in a personal injury.
CAUTION. Caution indicates attention to a procedure, which if not correctly performed,
could result in instrument damage. !
Note. Note is provided for users convenience, it is a symbol to inform users with
additional information or useful tips.
Safety Precautions When using the AC adapter, only connect the plug to a properly grounded receptacle.
Serious injury or death can occur if grounding is not properly installed.
Always use the AC adapter supplied with the instrument, the manufacturer doesnt
assume any responsibility for incidents caused by using other power supplies. !
Disassembly of the electric parts inside or outside of the instrument may cause instrument
damage. The manufacturer doesnt take any repair responsibility for the damage or
malfunction of the instrument caused by an unauthorized disassembly even in the
warranty period.
!
Do not apply RF power exceeding +25dBm to the RF Input/Output port of the instrument.
Exceeding the maximum input will damage the instrument. !
! To avoid damage to the display or the case, do not use solvents or abrasive cleaners.
Power Supply The allowable line input voltage is AC 110V to 250V. There is no need to select the input line
voltage. No separate safety fuse is provided with the instrument.
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Specification
Regulated Input 100 ~ 250V AC, 50 ~ 60 Hz AC Adaptor
Regulated Output 15VDC, 3.3A (49.5W)
Instrument Power Consumption 15VDC, 1.2A (18W) Max
Table 1.2.1 Power Supply
Incorrect connection of the internal Li-Ion battery may cause explosion. Use only the same
or compatible type of battery supplied by the manufacturer. Dispose the battery according
to the safety guide.
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Table of Contents
1. GENERAL OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................... 7
1.1 ITEMS SUPPLIED .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.2 KEY MEASUREMENTS....................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 FEATURES ....................................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 THE LAYOUT OF THE PROTEK A434.................................................................................................. 8 1.5 INPUT/OUTPUT PORTS.................................................................................................................... 10 1.6 ACCESSORIES................................................................................................................................ 10
2. GETTING STARTED ........................................................................................................................ 12
2.1 POWER UP .................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.1 Initialization ......................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.2 System Information............................................................................................................. 12 2.1.3 User Keys............................................................................................................................. 13
2.2 HARD KEYS LAYOUT ...................................................................................................................... 14 2.3 LAYOUT OF THE DISPLAY SCREEN .................................................................................................. 16 2.4 FUNCTION HARD KEYS STRUCTURE................................................................................................ 17
2.4.1 System Screen Menu .......................................................................................................... 17 2.4.2 Common Menu .................................................................................................................... 18 2.4.3 VSWR Menu ......................................................................................................................... 19 2.4.4 DTF Menu ............................................................................................................................. 20 2.4.5 Cable Loss Menu................................................................................................................. 21 2.4.6 Power Meter Menu .............................................................................................................. 22
2.5 SYSTEM KEY.................................................................................................................................. 23 2.5.1. Firmware Upgrade.............................................................................................................. 24 2.5.2 Language Selection ............................................................................................................ 25 2.5.3 System Clock....................................................................................................................... 25
2.6 MULTI KEYS................................................................................................................................... 26 2.6.1 Numeric Data Entry............................................................................................................. 26 2.6.2 Specific Function Keys....................................................................................................... 26
3. VSWR................................................................................................................................................ 33
3.1 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 33 3.2 STARTING VSWR MEASUREMENT .................................................................................................. 33
3.2.1 VSWR Display Description................................................................................................. 33 3.2.2 Setting Frequency............................................................................................................... 35
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3.3 CALIBRATION................................................................................................................................. 36 3.4 VSWR MEASUREMENT .................................................................................................................. 38
3.4.1 Setting Trace Point ............................................................................................................. 39 3.4.2 Scale Adjustment ................................................................................................................ 39 3.4.3 Using Markers ..................................................................................................................... 39 3.4.4 Limit Line ............................................................................................................................. 40
4. DTF.................................................................................................................................................... 41
4.1 DTF MEASUREMENT OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................... 41 4.2 STARTING DTF MEASUREMENT ...................................................................................................... 41
4.2.1 DTF Display Description..................................................................................................... 41 4.2.2 DTF Setup ............................................................................................................................ 42
4.3 CALIBRATION................................................................................................................................. 44 4.4 DTF MEASUREMENT ...................................................................................................................... 45
4.4.1 Scale Adjustment ................................................................................................................ 47 4.4.2 Using Markers ..................................................................................................................... 47 4.4.3 Windowing ........................................................................................................................... 47
5. CABLE LOSS ................................................................................................................................... 49
5.1 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 49 5.2 CABLE LOSS MEASUREMENT ......................................................................................................... 49
5.2.1 Cable Loss Display Description ........................................................................................ 49 5.2.2 Setting Frequency............................................................................................................... 50
5.3 CALIBRATION................................................................................................................................. 51 5.4 CABLE LOSS MEASUREMENT ......................................................................................................... 53
5.4.1 Scale Adjustment ................................................................................................................ 54 5.4.2 Using Markers ..................................................................................................................... 54
6. POWER METER ............................................................................................................................... 55
6.1 CONNECTING SENSORS.................................................................................................................. 55 6.2 SETTING POWER METER ................................................................................................................ 56 6.3 POWER MEASUREMENT.................................................................................................................. 57
7. SAVE & LOAD.................................................................................................................................. 59
7.1 SAVE ............................................................................................................................................. 59 7.1.1 Save Current........................................................................................................................ 59 7.1.2 Save Trace ........................................................................................................................... 60 7.1.3 Save Screen......................................................................................................................... 61 7.1.4 Save Setup........................................................................................................................... 61
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7.2 LOAD............................................................................................................................................. 62 7.2.1 Load Trace ........................................................................................................................... 62 7.2.2 Using Markers on the Loaded Trace ................................................................................. 65 7.2.3 Load Screen......................................................................................................................... 66 7.2.4 Memory Type ....................................................................................................................... 66
8. APPLICATION SOFTWARE ............................................................................................................ 67
8.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 67 8.2 INSTALLATION OF THE APPLICATION SOFTWARE ............................................................................. 68 8.3 STARTING THE APPLICATION SOFTWARE ........................................................................................ 69
8.3.1 Connection .......................................................................................................................... 69 8.3.2 Layout of the Display Screen............................................................................................. 70 8.3.3 Menu Structure.................................................................................................................... 72 8.3.4 Description of Menu............................................................................................................ 72
APPENDIX A. BAND LIST ................................................................................................................... 82
APPENDIX B. CABLE LIST ................................................................................................................. 88
APPENDIX C. SPECIFICATION........................................................................................................... 90
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1. General Overview A large number of cell site problems are caused by the antenna system, cable, or connectors. It
is important to have the right instrument available when either servicing or certifying cell sites for
operation.
The Protek A434 Cable and Antenna Analyzer is a lightweight portable diagnostic tool for an
accurate detection of operational problems. The Protek A434 has all the measurement
functions necessary to accurately verify the antenna system from VSWR to power
measurements. In addition, the Protek A434 makes distance-to-fault measurements to
accurately pinpoint the fault's location.
The Protek A434 user interface is with a front keypad and a TFT color, 7-inch display providing
ease of use and control. The application specific software allows the user to easily compare
and analyze measurements and generate comprehensive reports. The Protek A434 is
equipped with a rechargeable and infield installable lithium-ion battery providing over three hours
of operation.
1.1 Items Supplied z Protek A434, 4GHz Cable and Antenna Analyzer z Soft Carrying Case z AC-DC Adapter z Serial Interface Cable z 128MByte USB Memory z DC Car Adapter z Users Manual z Quick Reference Guide z Application Software (CD ROM)
1.2 Key Measurements z High resolution VSWR Measurements z Distance to Fault (DTF) Measurements z Cable Loss Measurements z RMS/Peak Power Measurements (optional)
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1.3 Features z Rechargeable and infield replaceable lithium-ion battery z A portable lightweight instrument 90 cables characteristics z User friendly menu structure z Saves up to 20 user setups z Saves up to 400 measurement traces z Saves up to 100 measurement screens z Alphanumeric labeling of saved data z Automatic Time/Date stamp of saved data z 6 markers z RS-232 interface z USB Port (USB 2.0) z Remote firmware upgrade capability z Fast one-touch selection of menu item or positioning marker
1.4 The Layout of the Protek A434
Figure 1.4.1 Upper View
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Figure 1.4.2 Front View
Figure 1.4.3 Rear View
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1.5 Input/Output Ports All Input/Output ports of the Protek A434 are located on the upside of the instrument as shown in
Figure 1.2.4.
Figure 1.2.4 Protek A434 Upper Side
1. DC15V IN. External DC input port
2. RF IN. 50ohm N-type RF Connector, maximum allowable input is +25dBm
3. LAN. Ethernet port
4. USB. USB Memory Stick port, used for either saving measurement data or upgrading the
instruments firmware
5. RS-232C. D-sub serial interface port to connect a PC with the application software or an
optional external power sensor
1.6 Accessories Description Picture Specification
Soft Carrying Case
(Part No: GC724-50541)
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Description Picture Specification
AC-DC Adapter
(Part No: GC724-
50522 )
Input: 100 ~ 250V AC,
1.2A
Output: 15V, 3.3A DC
Serial Interface Cable
(Part No: GC724-
50514 )
RS-232 Straight Cable
USB Memory
(Part No: GC724-
50513 )
128MByte, USB2.0
DC Car Adapter
(Part No: GC724-
50523 )
Li-ion Battery
(Part No: GC724-
50521)
LI201SX
Output: DC11.1V,
4800mAh
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2. Getting Started 2.1 Power Up 2.1.1 Initialization The initialization screen (Figure 2.1.1) appears when the instrument is started with the indication
System Initialization. After a successful initialization, data loading and self test, the VSWR
measurement screen appears.
Figure 2.1.1 Initialization Screen
2.1.2 System Information Before using the instrument, verify the firmwares version and status of the instrument.
z Firmware version: For the instruments best performance, make sure the latest version of firmware has been installed. Information about the latest firmware can be located at
www.gsinstrument.com
z Verify the system temperature is within the instrument operating range. Depending on the storage condition, the temperature of the instrument at power up may be out of normal
operating range in winter or summer season. Measurements over the operating
temperature range may be out of resolution.
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Figure 2.1.2 System Screen
2.1.3 User Keys z Hard Keys
The six hard keys are located at the left of the display. The function of each key is indicated
on each key. Depending on the selection of Hard Keys, the functions shown in the screen
menu may vary.
z Soft Keys The six keys at the right of the display are the Soft Keys. Each Soft Key has a function which
varies depending on the operation mode. The function of each key is displayed at the right
side of the display as a screen menu. As the LCD is touch-screen, the function can be
selected by touching the screen menu.
z Multi Key The Multi Keys are at the bottom side of the display. The Multi Keys are used for value entry
or opening screen menus with specified functions. Certain keys perform functions without
opening screen menus.
z Power Key The Power Key is used to turn the instrument on and off. To power on, press the power key
for about 2 seconds. To power off, just press the power key.
z Dial Knob and Cursor Key The Dial Knob and Cursor Key moves an active marker or a highlighted selection bar in the
list.
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2.2 Hard Keys Layout
Figure 2.2.1 Protek A434 Front Key Layout
1. Function Hard Keys
The Hard Keys perform the function uniquely assigned to each key.
z VSWR: Activates the VSWR measurement mode. z DTF: Activates DTF measurement mode. z Cable Loss: Activates Cable Loss measurement mode. z Power Meter: Activates RF Power measurement mode. An optional power sensor must be
connected to the instrument before using this function.
z System: Opens the system screen menu. z CAL: Opens the calibration screen menu.
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2. Soft Keys
Select the screen menu displayed at the right side of the screen. The menu shown on the display
varies depending on the selection of Hard Keys or Multi Keys.
3. Power Key
A red LED indicates an external power supply is connected and a green LED indicates the
instrument is turned on. There is no LED indication when the instrument is powered by the
internal battery.
4. Multi Keys
Enter values printed on the keys when a value input pop-up window is prompted on the screen.
Open a menu linked with the functions in blue or directly perform the specified function.
5. ESC
Stops an active function and backs up one menu level or exits data entry without changing the
value.
6. ENTER
Selects the highlighted item in the list or exits data entry, changing the value for test parameters.
7. Knob, Arrow Keys
Move a maker position or a highlighted selection bar on the table list.
z Knob: Scrolls a marker position or highlighted selection bar. z Arrow Key: Moves a marker position or highlighted selection bar one point at a time.
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2.3 Layout of the Display Screen
Figure 2.3.1 Display Screen
z Battery Gauge: Indicates the status of the internal battery 9 Indicates the instrument is using an external power supply. The internal battery
is charged when an external power supply is connected.
9 Indicates the instrument is using the internal battery and shows the remaining battery capacity.
9 Battery Not Connected!: This warning message appears when a battery is not installed in the instrument.
z Measurement Mode: Indicates a current measurement mode. The selected mode is displayed in dark blue.
z Date and Time: Indicates the system clock information. z Screen menu set: Indicates the set of screen menu selections. z Screen menu: Indicates the selectable screen menu. Selection of the menu can be made
by pressing the soft key or touching the screen menu directly.
z Trace Information 9 Calibration On/Off Status 9 Calibration Information: Calibrated frequency band and timing 9 Trace Points 9 Y Scale Unit 9 Trace Average (applicable to VSWR and Cable Loss measurement mode only)
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9 Span 9 Band Name 9 Cable Name (applicable to DTF measurement mode only) 9 Max D: Maximum measurement distance limited by user frequency setting 9 VT (Relative Propagation Velocity), CL (Cable Loss) applicable to DTF
measurement mode only
z Message window: Displays the result of performed functions or error messages
2.4 Function Hard Keys Structure Function hard keys on the front panel of the instrument are used to select measurement modes or
perform specified functions. Refer to the following sections for the key structure to be used in each
measurement modes.
2.4.1 System Screen Menu System screen menu is used to change the basic settings of the instrument and consists of sub-
menus as shown in Table 2.4.1.
Function Key Screen Menu(1st Layer) Screen Menu(2nd Layer) Upgrade
English Language
Chinese
Year
Month
Day
Hour
Minute
Time/Date
Second
On Beep
Off
Sleep Time
Continue
SYSTEM
Sweep Mode
Single
Table 2.4.1 Menu Structure in system mode
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2.4.2 Common Menu The menu structure is common to all the measurement modes except to the Power Meter mode,
shown in Table 2.4.2. Refer to section 2.4.6 for screen menus applicable to the Power Meter mode.
Screen Menu Function Key Multi Key
1st Layer 2nd Layer 3rd Layer
Open Short
CAL
Load
Max(Top) Min(Bottom) Limit On/Off
Amplitude
Limit Level
Auto Scale
Select CH1/ CH2/ CH3/
CH4/ CH5/ CH6
Marker View On/ Off All Off Draw Type 4CH/ 6CH Marker Table On/ Off
Marker
Marker Edit Select CH1/ CH2/ CH3/
Ch4
Capture View ON/ OFF Info ON/ OFF Clear CH
Trace
Clear All Next Peak Right Next peak Left Max Search
Peak
Min Search Top of List Page Up
Page Down
VSWR
DTF
Cable Loss
Load Load Trace
Bottom of List
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Screen Menu Function Key Multi Key
1st Layer 2nd Layer 3rd Layer
Delete
Delete All
Top of List Page Up
Page Down
Bottom of List
Delete
Load Screen
Delete All
Top of List Page Up
Page Down
Bottom of List
Delete
Load Setup
Delete All
Memory Type Internal/ USB
Memory Type Save Current
File Name
Memory Type Save Trace CH1/ Ch2/ CH3/
CH4 File Name
Memory Type Save Screen File Name Memory Type
Save
Save Setup
File Name Light
2.4.2 Menu Structure Common to all measurement modes
2.4.3 VSWR Menu The menu structure of the VSWR hard function key and multi keys in VSWR measurement mode is
shown in Table 2.4.3.
Screen Menu Function Key Multi Key
1st Layer 2nd Layer 3rd Layer
Center VSWR Freq/DIST Start
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Screen Menu Function Key Multi Key
1st Layer 2nd Layer 3rd Layer
Stop Span
Top of List
Page Up
Page Down
Bottom of List
Standard
Add To Custom
Top of List
Page Up
Page Down
Bottom of List
Band
Custom
Delete Custom
126 251 501
Trace Point
1001 Scale VSWR/ R.L Table 2.4.3 Menu Structure Used for VSWR Measurement mode
2.4.4 DTF Menu The menu structure of the DTF hard function key and multi keys in DTF measurement mode is shown
in Table 2.4.4.
Screen Menu Function Key Multi Key
1st Layer 2nd Layer 3rd Layer
Start FREQ Stop FREQ Distance
Top of List
Page Up
Page Down
Bottom of List
Standard
Add To Custom
DTF Freq/DIST
Cable List
Custom Top of List
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Screen Menu Function Key Multi Key
1st Layer 2nd Layer 3rd Layer
Page Up
Page Down
Bottom of List
Delete Custom
Velocity Cable Loss
Setup
Unit Meter/Feet Window Meter/Feet
Scale VSWR/R.L
Table 2.4.4 Menu Structure Used for DTF Measurement Mode
2.4.5 Cable Loss Menu The menu structure of the Cable Loss hard function key and multi keys in Cable Loss measurement
mode are shown in Table 2.4.5.
Screen Menu Function Key Multi Key
1st Layer 2nd Layer 3rd Layer
Center Start Stop Span
Top of List
Page Up
Page Down
Bottom of List
Standard
Add To Custom
Top of List
Page Up
Page Down
Bottom of List
Freq/DIST
Band
Custom
Delete Custom
126
251
Cable Loss
Trace Point
501
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1001
Table 2.4.5 Menu Structure Used for Cable Loss Measurement Mode 2.4.6 Power Meter Menu The menu structure of the Power Meter hard function key and multi keys in Power Meter is shown in
Table 2.4.6.
Screen Menu Function Key Multi Key
1st Layer 2nd Layer 3rd Layer
Initialize Frequency
Ext. Offset dBm Unit Watts
POWER
METER
Preset Table 2.4.6 Menu Structure Used in Power Meter Measurement Mode
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2.5 System Key The System key enables users to verify the system information or change the instrument settings.
Selecting the System key opens the following information:
z Firmware Version z Device Version z Brightness of the display z Keypad beep On/Off setting z Sleep Mode setting: time to sleep mode z Battery remaining charge capacity z Selected language z System temperature
Figure 2.5.2 System Status Screen
The System key opens the following screen menu:
z Upgrade: Upgrades the firmware of the instrument. For detailed upgrade procedure, refer to the section 2.5.1 Firmware Upgrade.
z Language: Changes the language used to display the menu, messages and information on the screen display. For details, refer to 2.5.2 Language Setting.
z Time/Date: Sets the time of the system clock. z Beep: Activates or deactivates the beep sound when keys are pressed.
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z Sleep Time: Sets the time to enter into power saving mode. Power saving mode is automatically activated when no key entry occurs during the Sleep Time.
9 Sleep Time setting range: 1~200 minutes 9 Power saving mode is turned off when Sleep Time is set 0.
z Sweep Mode: Sets the sweep mode either single or continuous in VSWR, DTF, or Cable Loss measurements. If Sweep Mode is set Single, the message Hold On is displayed at the
completion of a current sweep and the sweep stops. Every time the Hold key is pressed, the
sweep is done once.
2.5.1. Firmware Upgrade It is recommended to upgrade the firmware to the latest version in order to achieve the best
performance of the instrument. Users can easily upgrade the firmware of the instrument by using an
USB memory drive. Refer to Table 2.5.1 for the detailed upgrade procedure.
Action Note
1. Check the firmware version Check the latest firmware at
GS Instrumentss website
www.gsinstrument.com
2. Download the firmware to an USB memory
drive
3. Turn on the instrument Connect the USB memory drive to the
instrument USB port after the system
initialization.
4. Press the SYSTEM key
5. Select the Upgrade screen menu A progress bar is displayed
Once the upgrade starts the progressing state is displayed on the screen. After successful
completion of the upgrade, the instrument is powered off and reboots automatically.
Table 2.5.1 Firmware Upgrade Procedure with USB memory drive
If the instruments power is down during the upgrading process, the instrument may not
perform in normal operation. Make sure the power is not interrupted during the upgrading
process.
!
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2.5.2 Language Selection The instrument supports multiple languages. Follow the language selection procedure in Table 2.5.2
to change the language settings.
Figure 2.5.3 Language Selection Screen
Action Note
1. Press the SYSTEM key Function hard key
2. Select the Language screen menu Soft key
3. Select the language by pressing the
Up/Down Arrow key
Hard key
4. Press the ENTER key Hard key
Table 2.5.2 Language Selection Procedure
Changing the language results the conversion of the menu, messages and information
displayed on the screen in selected language without restarting the instrument.
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2.5.3 System Clock The instrument provides real time clock powered up by a separate internal battery to maintain the
timing information even when the battery is fully discharged or the system power is disconnected.
The default time setting at the factory is (GMT+9:00).
Action Note
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1. Press the SYSTEM key Function hard key
2. Select the Time/Date screen menu Soft key
3. Set Year/Month/Day/Hour/Minute/Second Selecting screen menu prompts a pop-up
window. Enter numbers, and press the
ENTER key.
Table 2.5.3 System Clock Setting
2.6 Multi Keys Twelve multi keys are located under the LCD display. The Multi keys serve multiple functions
depending on the operation mode. The dual purpose keys are indicated in black color and the
specific functions in blue color. The key is used to enter a numeric data when a user is prompted to
input values. In all the other cases, the keys are used to perform the specific function.
The function and operating procedure for each multi keys are described in the following sections.
Figure 2.6.1 Multi Keys Layout
2.6.1 Numeric Data Entry Multi keys operate as follows when a user is prompted to input values by pop-up window.
z Numeric keys from 0 to 9 are used to input user setting numbers. z The plus/minus (+/-) key is used to assign positive or negative numbers in the user settings. z The period key (.) is used to input numbers with decimal points.
2.6.2 Specific Function Keys Multi keys are used in VSWR, DTF, and Cable Loss measurement mode. Unless otherwise
specified, multi keys do not support Power Meter mode.
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1. Auto Scale
The instrument can automatically set the scale to the minimum and maximum values of a
measurement on the Y-axis of the graph for optimum display of the traces. Every time AUTO
SCALE key is pressed, the top and bottom scales are set to the minimum and maximum values with
margin on the Y-axis of the screen display.
2. Amp
AMP (amplitude) defines a manual setting for the scale on the Y-axis of the graph. It can be
selected in VSWR, DTF, and Cable Loss measurement mode. Depending on the choice of an
amplitude unit, allowable input value is limited to the following:
z In case Y scale is VSWR: 9 Max(Top): Setting value can be from 1.01 to 65.00 and it cannot be equal to or smaller
than the Min(Bottom) setting value. Adjustment can be made by steps of 0.01.
9 Min(Bottom): Setting value can be from 1.0 to 64.99 and it cannot be equal to or larger than the Max(Top) setting value. Adjustment can be made by steps of 0.01.
z In case Y Scale is Return Loss: 9 Max(Top): Setting value can be from 0.0 to 59.99dB and it cannot be equal to or smaller
than the Min(Bottom) setting value. Adjustment can be made by steps of 0.01.
9 Min(Bottom): Setting value can be from 0.01 to 60.00dB and it cannot be equal to or larger than the Max(Top) setting value. Adjustment can be made by steps of 0.01.
z Limit line: Turns On and Off the display of the limit line on the screen. 9 If a measurement exceeds the limit line, the trace above the limit line is displayed in red
color.
9 An audible beep sound is generated.
z Limit level: Sets the position of a limit line. Depending on the Y-scale of a graph, the input value is set automatically as none for VSWR or dB for Return Loss. The value of limit level is
displayed on the limit line.
The instrument takes the negative value of the Return Loss internally. Users dont
need to add minus (-) sign before typing in a value. Y-axis of a graph also doesnt
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show minus sign. 3. Freq/Dist
Freq/DIST key causes different screen menu to be displayed depending on a measurement
mode. In VSWR or Cable Loss measurement modes it opens a frequency screen menu and in
DTF measurement mode it opens a distance screen menu.
z VSWR/ Cable Loss Measurement Mode 9 Center: Sets a center frequency of the measurement to be made. 9 Start: Sets a start frequency of the measurement to be made. 9 Stop: Sets a stop frequency of the measurement to be made. 9 Span: Sets a user-defined frequency span. 9 Band: Opens standard or custom frequency band registered in the instrument. Standard: Opens the world-wide standard Band List registered in the instrument.
- Top of List: Moves to the first page of the Band List. - Page Up: Moves to the previous page. - Page Down: Moves to the next page. - Bottom of List: Moves to the last page of the Band List. - Add to Custom: Copies a frequency band registered in the Standard Band List
to the Custom Band.
Custom: Opens the customized Band List registered in the instrument. - Top of List: Moves to the first page of the Band List. - Page Up: Moves to the previous page. - Page Down: Moves to the next page. - Bottom of List: Moves to the last page of the Band List. - Delete Custom: Deletes a frequency band from the Custom Band.
z DTF Measurement Mode 9 Start Frequency: Sets a starting frequency to measure DTF 9 Stop Frequency: Sets a stop frequency to measure DTF 9 Distance: Sets a distance to measure. The maximum measurable distance is 1250m
(4125ft).
9 Cable List: Opens a list of coaxial cables registered in the instrument. About forty kinds of cables are registered in the standard cable list. The user can register additional cables
to the instrument by using the application software program provided with the instrument.
Standard: Opens the Cable List registered in the instrument. - Top of List: Moves to the first page of the Cable List.
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- Page Up: Moves to the previous page. - Page Down: Moves to the next page. - Bottom of List: Moves to the last page of the Cable List. - Add to Custom: Copies a cable registered in the Standard Cable List to the
Custom Cable List.
Custom: Opens a Custom Cable List registered in the instrument. - Top of List: Moves to the first page of the Cable List. - Page Up: Moves to the previous page. - Page Down: Moves to the next page. - Bottom of List: Moves to the last page of the Cable List. - Delete Custom: Deletes a cable registered in the Custom Cable List.
9 Window: Applies video filtering to the display of the trace. If the video filter is activated by turning the Window On, traces are reduced by smoothing out the sharp transitions,
thereby enabling users easy to discriminate noises and peaks.
9 Setup Velocity: Opens the Relative Propagation Velocity parameter for data entry. Enter
the propagation velocity for the type of transmission line being tested.
Cable Loss: Opens the Cable Loss parameter for data entry. Enter the loss per meter for the type of transmission line being tested.
Unit: Selects the unit of X-axis scale to display the measurement results in Meter or Feet.
4. TRACE (DATA) POINT Trace point is used to select the number of data points to take during a VSWR and Cable Loss
measurement mode. There are four data points available: 126, 251, 501 and 1001. The default
number of trace points is 251.
5. MARKER A marker is used to get the data on the specific point of a trace. A total of six markers can be
displayed on the screen and each maker can be assigned independently. Placing a maker on the
trace displays the markers Y coordinates next to the markers position. If the maker table is
turned on, both X and Y coordinates of all activated markers are displayed.
z MARKER 9 Select: Selects an Active Marker whose position is moved by the dial knob or Up and
Down arrow keys. The assigned number of an active marker is displayed in red color
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on the Select screen menu and the markers number is also displayed next to the
marker on the trace.
9 Marker View: Hides or displays the selected marker on the screen. In the same measurement mode markers appear at the previous positions when the Marker View
is turned off and on. If a measurement mode has been changed, markers are not
restored to previous positions but move to the left end of the trace.
9 All Off: Turns all markers off the screen. Markers are redisplayed on the previous position if markers are turned back on. If a measurement mode is changed, current
settings are not restored.
9 Draw Type: Selects the maximum number of markers to be used simultaneously. Available options are either 4CH or 6CH. If 4CH mode is selected, markers number 5
and number 6 cannot be activated. Settings changed in Draw Type are reflected in
Marker Ch and Marker table.
9 Marker Table: Displays a table on the left side of the screen when Marker Table is activated. All X and Y coordinates of the activated markers are displayed on the table.
Depending on the selection in Draw Type, the number of markers on the table is
either 4 or 6.
9 Marker Edit: Sets the marker position manually. A pop-up window appears for users to set the frequency and the marker position is moved to the setting frequency
z Moving Markers 9 Knob Turning the knob clockwise moves a marker to the right and counter
clockwise moves it to the left. The knob is used to move the marker position fast.
9 Up/Down Arrow Keys Pressing the up arrow key () moves a markers position one point to the right and pressing the down arrow key () moves a markers position one point to the left. Up/Down Arrow keys are used to move a markers position
precisely.
As the instrument is equipped with a touch panel operation, a marker can be
placed to the desired position by simply touching the screen. Quickly moves an
activated marker to the desired position and makes a fine adjustment using a
dial knob or up/down arrow keys.
6. TRACE Captures a trace for comparison with other traces or saves traces.
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Figure 2.4.1 Trace Screen Display
z Select: Selects an active trace. Every time Select screen menu is pressed, the active trace changes. Channel numbers are assigned to each captured traces or loaded traces. Refer to
Save & Load for procedures to load traces.
z Capture: Captures a current trace on the screen and assigns a Trace CH. Refer to Save & Load for procedures to save traces.
z View: Hides or displays the Trace CH on the screen. Press Select screen menu key to choose the Trace CH. Traces with View set OFF are hidden from the screen. The information
about the hidden traces is also cleared from the information window shown on the upper right
of the screen. Setting View On restores hidden traces and information on the window.
z Info: Hides or displays the trace information window on the upper right corner of the screen. This is used to view traces overlaid with the trace information window.
z Clear CH: Deletes an active trace channel from the screen. The cleared channel is not restored. It is used to select and delete a trace channel one by one when multiple channels
are displayed on the screen. Verify the channels to delete with View ON/OFF function in
advance settings as cleared channels cannot be restored.
z Clear All: Deletes all channels from the instrument and initialize the trace settings.
7. PEAK This key is used to find the peak value of a trace. Pressing this key leads to the activation of
Marker CH1 and places the marker to the peak point of the trace.
z Next Peak Right: Moves a marker to the nearest peak on the right. z Next Peak Left: Moves a marker to the nearest peak on the left.
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z Max Search: Moves a marker to the highest point of the trace. z Min Search: Moves a marker to the lowest point of the trace.
8. LIGHT This key is used to adjust the brightness of the LCD display. Adjustment can be made from 0 to
100% and the default setting is 30%.
9. SCALE This key is used to select a unit of Y axis of the graph in VSWR and DTF measurement modes.
Either VSWR or Return Loss can be selected. In Cable Loss measurement mode, Return Loss only
can be selected.
10. HOLD z This key is used to pause a sweep in all measurement modes. The Hold state is
activated by pressing the HOLD key, and it is maintained even if users change the
measurement mode. The sweep resumes when the HOLD key is pressed again.
z When Sweep Mode is set Single in the System screen menu, a Hold message is displayed on the screen in red color and the measurement stops at the completion of a
single sweep. Pressing the HOLD key it triggers another single sweep.
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3. VSWR 3.1 Overview
To get maximum power into a load it is required that the load impedance match the generator
impedance. Any impedance difference, or mismatching would not produce maximum power transfer. A
mismatch at the antenna system produces a reflective 'traveling wave' which goes in the opposite
direction from the incident wave. As the two traveling waves cross each other in opposite direction, it
is produce an interference pattern called a "standing wave". VSWR is the ratio between the power that
is sent forward to the antenna and the amount of the power that is reflected back toward the
transmitter.
Some of the consequences of having a high VSWR condition in cellular services are: dropped calls,
poor reception, and an overall unacceptable performance in the cell (or section of cell) covered by the
base station antenna. Therefore, the VSWR of the antenna system including the feed line is one of the
most critical factors in the service and maintenance of the RF transmitter systems.
3.2 Starting VSWR Measurement 3.2.1 VSWR Display Description
The screen shown in Figure 3.2.1 is displayed when VSWR measurement mode is selected. Various
kinds of information related to the VSWR measurement are shown on the screen.
Calibration Info
Trace Point
Y Scale Unit
Trace Average
Freq. Span
Freq. Band Info
Limit Line
Fail RangePass Range
Figure 3.2.1 VSWR Measurement Screen Display
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z Calibration Info: Displays a calibration state on the measurement frequency band that a user has selected. When the instrument is first turned on, the state is CAL OFF. The
symbol CAL ON is displayed along with the execution time and frequency band after the
calibration is successfully completed.
z Trace Point: Sets the number of data points to take during a measurement mode. Selection is made from one of four choices.
9 126, 251, 501, and 1001 9 Selecting 501 data points provides twice as many measurement points as 251, but it
takes approximately twice as long for the trace to sweep and display.
Selecting the trace points larger than needed for the measurement will result in
a longer sweep time. This may hinder the user from observing the fast changing
traces.
It is recommended to select high resolution trace points only when measuring
the wide frequency band or a precise measurement is required.
The previously executed calibration is effective even after the trace points
change.
z Y scale unit: It is the measurement unit of the Y axis displayed for the trace. 9 Return Loss (dB) 9 VSWR
z Trace Average: Indicates the average value of a single sweep over the user setting frequency band.
z Freq. Span: It is a user-defined frequency band. Changing the frequency band doesnt affect the sweep time, but affects the calibration. Recalibration is required if the frequency
setting is changed.
z Freq Band Info: The band name is displayed if the band is selected from the band list stored in the instrument. If the user sets the start, stop, center or span frequency manually,
the band name will show CUSTOM
z Limit Line: Sets the upper limit value of the trace. The portion of the trace that exceeds the limit line is displayed in red color. The captured trace by using the Trace function does not
display the exceeded portion of the trace in different color.
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3.2.2 Setting Frequency Frequencies can be set manually or selected from a band list stored in the instrument. It is desirable
to set the frequency to a value that covers the normal range of the measurement with enough margin.
Action Note
Setting Center Freq and Span
1. Press the FREQ/DIST key. Multi key
2. Select the Center screen menu.
3. Enter a center frequency value.
4. Press the ENTER key.
5. Select the Span screen menu.
6. Enter a span value.
7. Press the ENTER key.
9 The current setting is displayed on the
window.
Setting Start/ Stop Frequency
1. Press the FREQ/DIST key.
2. Select the Start screen menu
3. Enter a start frequency value.
4. Press the ENTER key.
5. Select the Stop screen menu.
6. Enter a stop frequency value.
7. Press the ENTER key.
9 The current setting is cleared when a new value is entered.
9 Press the ESC key to delete one by one the numbers displayed on the pop-up
window.
9 Pressing the ESC key repeatedly will cancel the input mode.
9 The frequency input unit is in MHz and the minimum input steps is 0.01MHz
Selection from the band list stored in the instrument
1. Press the FREQ/DIST key.
2. Select the Band screen menu.
3. Select the band from the list and press
the Enter key
9 Press the Up/Down arrow keys or rotate the dial knob to select a band from the list.
9 Select the Page Up/Down screen menu for searching bands not shown in the
screen.
Table 3.2.1 Frequency Setting Procedure
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Changing the frequency settings will automatically turn calibration off with the symbol CAL
OFF displayed on the screen. Always set the frequency before calibrating the instrument.
Changing the trace points during the measurement doesnt affect the calibration.
3.3 Calibration e calibrated to get a reliable measurement result. For best results, set the
fr
z Calibration accessories (optional)
ains a 50 ohm load, one open standard and one short
9 : Use a phase stable cable for reliable and consistent measurement
To minimize the measurement error, connect the port extension cable to the RF In port on
The instrument must b
equency and calibrate the instrument immediately before taking a measurement.
9 Calibration Kit which cont
standard.
Test cable
results.
the instrument and then connect the Cal Kit to the end of the extension cable.
Figure 3.2.2 VSWR Calibration Connection
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Bending or moving the phase unstabl cable while making a measurement may cause
t the successful completion of each calibration step, the message is displayed with a
Figure 3.2.2 illustrates the connection method when a port extension cable is used for calibration.
e
errors in the measurement. The test cable used for port extension must be phase stable in
the measurement frequencies.
A
beep sound.
To compensate errors caused by a port extension cable or adapters, perform Open-Short-Load
calibration including the port extension cable.
Action Note
Performs Calibration after the frequency sett d test cable connections. ing an
1. Press the CAL key. Hard function key
2. Connect an Open standard pen connector to the test Connect CAL Kit O
cable.
3. Select the Open screen menu
9 When the Open screen menu is selected,
9 age, Open CAL Complete, is
a progress bar is displayed to show the
progress.
The mess
displayed at its completion.
4. Connect a Short standard Co ctor to the test nnect CAL Kit Short conne
cable.
5. Select the Short screen menu
n the Short screen menu is selected,
9 age, Short CAL Complete, is
9 Whea progress bar is displayed to show the
progress.
The mess
displayed at its completion.
6. Connect the 50ohm load Co e test nnect CAL Kit Load connector to th
cable.
7. Select the Load screen menu
n the Load screen menu is selected,
9 age, Load CAL Complete, is
9 Whea progress bar is displayed to show the
progress.
The mess
displayed at its completion.
Calibration state is changed to CAL ON after the Open-Short-Load calibration.
Table 3.3.1 Calibration Procedure
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3.4 VSWR Measurement The instrument is ready to take VSWR measurement after completing the Open-Short-Load
calibration using a port extension cable.
The end of the port extension cable must be connected to the device (antenna or feed line) for
VSWR measurement as shown in Figure 3.4.1. The result of the VSWR measurement is displayed on
the screen in real time.
Figure 3.4.1 Connection for VSWR Measurement
After calibration, do not change the connection of the port extension cable or the frequency
setting. It can cause produce an error in the measurement. When the frequency setting is
changed, a warning alarm will sound and the calibration state is changed to CAL OFF.
After changing the frequency setting, recalibrate the instrument using the Open-Short-Load
standard.
The maximum allowable input level of the instrument is +25dBm. Do not connect the RF In
port of the instrument directly to the output port of the system. An over power input degrades
the performance of the instrument and may cause a malfunction of the instrument.
!
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Do not connect the instrument to the antenna when there is a risk of lightning. Electric
change the resolution of the VSWR measurement. Changing the Trace Point
oesnt affect the calibration state.
3.4.2 Scale Adjustment z Press AUTO SCALE key to optimize the Y scale and display the entire trace.
z Press AMP key to set the maximum and minimum values on the Y scale manually.
z Press SCALE key to select the display unit of the Y scale. z Scale adjustment doesnt affect the calibration state.
3.4.3 Using Markers Depending on the draw n be used simultaneously. The Y axis
value on a current trace is displayed next to each marker on the screen, but the frequency information
is not provided. Activate the marker table to see both, the level and frequency information when
moving a marker to the specific frequency using the Marker Edit function.
shock may cause a malfunction or damage the instrument.
3.4.1 Setting Trace Point Adjust a trace point to
d
type setting, four or six markers ca
Figure 3.4.2 Using Markers in VSWR Measurement Mode
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3.4.4 Limit Line g
as a horiz exceeds the limit line and the
xceeded portion is displayed in red color.
a limit line, users can easily check if a measurement exceeds the specified limit. It appears
ontal line at the value set. An alarm sounds when a trace
By settin
e
Figure 3.4.3 Limit Line Application
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4. DTF 4.1 DTF Measurement Overview
While VSWR is an indicator to express the efficiency of the antennas energy transmission, DTF is a
measurement to identify the fault locations in the antenna line system. Most of the antenna line system
consists of the various types of coaxial cables, connectors and devices such as dividers and surge
arrestors. Since VSWR is a measurement to verify the impedance discontinuity of the total feed line
system, it is necessary to perform DTF measurement to identify the exact component that is
contributing to the performance of the line system. The DTF measurement makes it easy to identify
the fault location by displaying the relative distance of the signal reflections or discontinuities from
various points of the line system.
4.2 Starting DTF Measurement 4.2.1 DTF Display Description The screen shown in Figure 4.2.1 is displayed when DTF measurement mode is selected. The
distance from the instrument is shown on the X-axis, while the relative magnitude of the discontinuity
is shown on the Y-axis. The information related to the DTF measurement is shown on the screen.
Calibration Info.
Maximum Distance
Y Scale Unit
Freq. Span
Freq. Band Info.
Cable Info.
Limit line & Limit Level Info
Figure 4.2.1 DTF Measurement Screen
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z Limitrace
t Line & Limit Level Info: Sets the upper limit value of a trace. The portion of the
that exceeds the limit line is displayed in red color. However, the captured trace by
e color even if the trace exceeds the limit line.
e on the measurement frequency band that a
9 VSWR Changing the frequency band doesnt
ration. Recalibration is required if the frequency
z Cable Info: The name of user selected cable is displayed on the screen. A cable name is displayed if the cable is selected from a Cable List stored in the instrument. If the user sets
the Velocity and Cable Loss manually, the band name will show CUSTOM. The following
information is also displayed.
9 Rel. Propa. Vel.: The relative propagation velocity for the cable type selected by the user selected from the Cable List or manually set by selecting the Velocity key.
9 Nominal Atten.: The loss per unit distance for the cable type that the user selected from the Cable List or set manually by selecting the Cable Loss key.
By using the application program supplied with the instrument, users can store users
cable to the instrument. For details, refer to the Application Program.
4.2.2 DTF Setup Sets the conditions for DTF ters for DTF measurements
wing:
using TRACE function doesnt discriminate th
z Calibration Info: Displays a calibration statuser has selected. When the instrument is first turned on, the state is CAL OFF. The
symbol CAL ON is displayed along with the execution time and frequency band after the
calibration is successfully completed.
z Maximum Distance: Displays the maximum measurable distance within the user setting frequency band. Setting the frequency band narrow will increase the measurable distance
while setting the frequency band wide will decrease the distance.
z Y Scale Unit: Is the measurement unit of the Y-axis that the trace is displayed. 9 Return Loss (dB)
z Freq. Span: Is the user-defined frequency band.affect the sweep time, but affects the calib
setting is changed.
z Freq Band Info: The band name is displayed if the band is selected from the band list stored in the instrument. If the user sets the start, stop, center or span frequency manually,
the band name will show CUSTOM.
are the follo
measurements. The user setting parame
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z Ff
m
m
z Ds
d is achieved when the user setting distance is the
s
z Cc rs of the cable.
z S nce unit. It c b menus:
ets the relative propagation delay of a cable. It affects the calculation of the
the DTF measurement.
A
s or. When the frequency setting is changed, a
w
t
A detailed ollows:
requency Setting: Sets the start and stop frequency to make a measurement. If a specific
requency band has been set in VSWR measurement mode, it can be applied to DTF
easurement. To change the maximum measurement distance or increase the
easurement resolution, is necessary to change the frequency setting.
istance Setting: The maximum measurable distance is displayed on the left side of the
creen depending on the frequency setting. Any value within the maximum measurable
istance can be set. Optimum resolution
ame as the maximum measurable distance.
able Setting: Selects a cable type of the feed line. By using this key, users can select the
able stored in the instrument without setting the detailed paramete
etup: Used to change the setting of the cable parameters or change the dista
onsists of the following su
9 Velocity: Sdistance in the DTF measurement.
9 Cable Loss: Sets the loss per distance unit of a cable. It affects the peak level of the discontinuity in
fter calibration, do not change the connection of the port extension cable or the frequency
etting. It can cause a measurement err
arning alarm will sound and the calibration state is changed to CAL OFF. After changing
he frequency setting, recalibrate the instrument using the Open-Short-Load standard.
procedure for DTF setup is as f
Action Note
Frequency Setting
Press
9 Select the Start Freq screen menu
9 Select the Stop Freq screen menu - {Enter stop frequency value}
Press the ENTER key
ot
necessary if a Freq. Band has been
VSWR
measurement, and the same Freq.
band is used in the DTF
measurement.
the FREQ/DIST key 9 Additional calibration is n
- {Enter start frequency value} - Press the ENTER key
set and a calibration has been
performed for the band in
- Distance Setting
Select the Distance screen menu
9 {Enter measuring distance} 9 Press the ENTER key
9 The ending point can only be set in distance setting.
9 The maximum measurable distance
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is 1,250m (4,125ft).
Cable Setting
2. Select the Cable List screen menu
9 [Standard]/[Custom]
- {Select a cable by using Knob or arrow key}
9 Press the ENTER key Setup
S
S g
9 nu
9Setting the X axis Unit
etting Relative Propagation Velocity
9 Select the Velocity screen menu
9 {Enter user setting value} 9 Press the ENTER key
ettin Cable Loss
Select the Cable Loss screen me
9 {Enter user setting value} Press the ENTER key
9 [Meter]/[Feet] Table 4.2.1 DTF Setup Procedure
.3 Calibration DTF measurement results compatible with VSWR
measurement results.
s (optional)
which contains one d one
9 le cable surement
To m i ect the p e RF In port on
the in e Cal Kit to the end of the extension cable.
The Fig agram for ca nsate
measurem e e or adapters en-Short-Load (O-S-L)
4The instrument must be calibrated to get the
z Calibration accessorie
9 Calibration Kit 50 ohm load, one Open standard an
for reliable and consistent mea
ort extension cable to th
Short standard
Test cable: Use a phase stab
results
inim ze measurement errors, conn
strument and then connect th
ure 4.3.1 shows the connection di libration using a test cable. To compe
, perform the Opent rrors due to the test cabl
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calibration including the test cable. For detailed calib efer to Table 3.3.1 ration procedure, r
Calibration Procedure
Figure 4.3.1 DTF Calibration Connection Diagram
oving the phase unstable cable while making a measurement may cause
errors in the measurement. The test cable used for port extension must be phase stable in
t
At the suc n of each calibration step, a message is displayed with a beep
soun
4 FIf a port extension cable is used to interconnect the instrument with the line, measurement error can
ha
th
compensated and the fault location can be more accurately measurable.
Bending or m
he measurement frequencies.
cessful completio
d.
Measurement .4 DT
ppen due to the sum of the port extension cable length and the distance to the fault. By performing
e O-S-L calibration at the end of the port extension cable, the extension cable length will be
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allowable input level of the instrument is +25dBm. Do not connect the RF In
port directly to the system output port. Exposure to the overpowered input may degrade the
performance of the instrument and may cause damage in the long run.
Do not connect the instrument to the antenna when there is a risk of lightning. Electric shock
may cause the malfunction or breakdown of the instrument.
If O-S-L calibration ha extension cable for DTF
measurement, the length of the port extension cable is compensated automatically and is not
included in the distance to the point of discontinuity.
The maximum
s been done at the end of the port
!
Figure 4.4.1 Connection Diagram for DTF Measurement
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4.4.1 Scale Adjustment z
z
z
sDepend ultaneously. The distance of
current marker position is displayed next to each marker on the screen. Activate the marker table to
ee both the magnitude and distance information. Use Marker Edit to move a marker to the specific
Press the AUTO SCALE key to optimize the Y scale and display an entire trace.
Press the AMP key to set the maximum and minimum values on the Y scale manually.
Press the SCALE key to select a display unit of the Y scale.
ing Markers ing on the display settings, four or six markers can be used sim
4.4.2 U
a
s
distance.
Figure 4.4.2 Using Markers in DTF Measurement Mode
4.4.3 Windowing Windowing is applied when an accurate fault location cannot be verified due to the side overshoots
of the trace. If the video filter is activated by turning the Window On, side overshoots of the trace are
reduced by smoothing out the sharp transitions thereby enabling users easy to discriminate noises
and peaks. Figure 4.4.4 is the result of applying window to the trace on Figure 4.4.3. Noises around
peaks are reduced and distance to the fault location is clearly verified.
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Figure 4.4.3 Measurement Display Before Applying Windowing
gure 4.4.4 Measurement Display After Applying Windowing Fi
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5. Cable Loss 5.1 Overview
The cable loss measurement feature checks the signal attenuation level of the cable system. The
frequency band to measure the characteristics of a cable must be calibrated before performing the
cable loss measurement.
5.2 Cable Loss Measurement 5.2.1 Cable Loss Display Description
The screen shown in Figure 5.2.1 is displayed when the Cable Loss measurement mode is selected.
Various kinds of information related to the Cable Loss measurement are shown on the screen.
Figure 5.2.1 Cable Loss Measurement Screen Display
z Calibratio uency band that a user has selected. When the instrument is first turned on, the status is CAL OFF. The
symbol CAL ON is displayed along with the calibration time and frequency band after
successful completion of calibration.
z Trace Point: Sets the data points or resolution to measure the trace. Selection is made from one of four choices.
9 126, 251, 501, 1001 z Y scale unit: The unit of the y axis in the Cable Loss measurement mode is dB.
n Info: Displays the calibration state of the measurement freq
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z Trace Average: Infrequency band.
dicates the average value of a single sweep over the user setting
ed frequency band. Changing the frequency band doesnt affect the
but affects the calibration. Recalibration is required if the frequency setting is
instrument. If the user sets the start, stop, center or span frequency
manually, the band name will indicate CUSTOM
a Cable Loss measurement. Frequencies can be set
m
z Freq. Span: User-definsweep time,
changed.
z Freq Band Info: The band name is displayed if the band is selected from the band list registered in the
5.2.2 Setting Frequency The user must set the frequency band to make
anually or chosen from a band list registered in the instrument.
Action Note
Setting Center Freq and Span
8. Press the FREQ/DIST screen menu. Multi Key
9. Select the Center screen menu.
10. Enter a center frequency value.
11. Press the ENTER key.
12. Select the Span screen menu.
13. Enter a span value.
14. Press the ENTER key.
9 Current setting is displayed as default on the screen
Setting Start/Stop Frequency
8. Press the FREQ/DIST key.
9. Select the Start screen menu
10. Enter a start frequency value.
11. Press the ENTER key.
12. Select the Stop screen menu
13. Enter a stop frequency value.
14. Pre
9 Current setting is cleared when a new value is entered.
delete a number
displayed on the pop-up window one by
9 Input unit is MHz and minimum input
9 Press the ESC key to
ss the ENTER key.
one
9 Pressing the ESC repeatedly will cancel the input mode
step is 0.01MHz
Select istered in the instrument ion from the band list reg
1. Press ht e FREQ/DIST key.
2. Select the Band screen menu.
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Action Note
3. Select the band from the and then press 9 Select the Page Up/Page Down screen the Enter key menu for searching the band that doesnt
show up on the current page.
Table 5.2.1 Frequency Setting Procedure
Changing the frequency settings will automatically turn calibration off with the symbol CAL
d on the screen along with an alarm sound. In this case, recalibrate
5.3 Calibration ted to get reliable Cable Loss measurement results. For best
re instrum iately before taking measurements.
tional)
n kit which contains one 50 ohm load, one Open standard, and one
T t error in Cable Loss measurement, dont use unnecessary extension
c calibration. Figure 5.3.1 illustrates the recommended calibration
m ent.
OFF to be displaye
the instrument with the Open-Short-Load Calibration kit.
The instrument must be calibra
sults, set the frequency and calibrate the ent immed
z Calibration accessories (op
9 Calibratio
Short standard
o minimize the measuremen
ables or adapters while performing
ethod for Cable Loss measurem
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Figure 5.3.1 Port Calibration for One Port Cable Loss Measurement
Action Note
1. Press the CAL key. Hard function key
2. Connect Open standard Connect CAL Kit Open connector to the RF
In port
3. Select the Open screen menu
9 When the Open screen menu is selected, a progress bar is displayed to show the
progress.
9 The message, Open CAL Complete, is displayed at the completion.
4. Connect Short standard Connect CAL Kit Short connector to the RF
In port.
5. Select the Short screen menu
9 When the Short screen menu is selected, a progress bar is displayed to show the
progress.
9 The message, Short CAL Complete, is displayed at the completion.
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Action Note
6. Connect 50ohm Load standard Connect CAL Kit Load connector to the RF
In/Out port
9 When the Load screen menu is selected, a progress bar is displayed to show the
progress.
9 The message, Load CAL Complete, is displayed at the completion.
7. Select the Load screen menu
Calibration state is changed to CAL ON after Open-Short-Load calibration.
Table 5.3.1 Calibration Procedure
5.4 Cable Loss Measurement The instrument is ready to perform Cable Loss measurement after completion of Open-Short-Load
calibration.
Figure 5.4.1 One Port Cable Loss
Measurement Connection Diagram
Action Note
Make a measurement after completion of O-S-L calibration.
1. Connect the cable to measure its loss to
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the RF In port of the instrument.
2. Connect the Short standard of the Cal Kit
to the end of the cable to be tested n.
Cable Loss measurement result is displayed
on the scree
Table 5.2.3 Cable Loss M
5.4.1 Scale Adjustment
z Press the AUTO SCALE key to optimiz
z Press the AMP key to set the maximum an cale manually.
z Press the SCALE key to select the display unit of the Y scale.
5.4.2 Using Markers Depending on the draw type setting, four or six markers can be used simultaneously. The level of a
current trace is displayed next to each marker on the screen, but the frequency information is not
and frequency information when moving a marker
to
easurement Procedure
e the Y scale and display the entire trace.
d minimum values on the Y s
provided. Activate a marker table to see both level
the specific frequency using the Marker Edit.
Figure 5.4.2 Using Markers in Cable Loss Measurement Mode
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6. Power Meter The P mission ystem. This function can be used
only with optional external verage power sensor and
eak power sensor, are available depending on the type of transmission power signals to be
each sensor is shown in Table 6.1.1.
ower Meter is to measure the trans power of the s
power sensors. Two kinds of power sensors, the a
p
measured. The specification of
Part No Description Frequency Range Dynamic Range Remarks
Protek
001 Sensor
m Terminating
Type
A434- Averaged Power 20MHz ~ 3000MHz 0 ~ -30dB
Protek A434- Peak Po
002 Type
wer Sensor 20MHz ~ 4000MHz 0 ~ -40dBm Terminating
Table 6.1.1 Power Sensor Types
6.1 Connecting Sensors Selecting the Power Meter function after power up will display Power Meter measurement screen with
the message that NO SENSOR is connected.
Figure 6.1.1 Power Measurement Screen
Connect a power sensor to the RS-232C interface port of the instrument using the provided cable as
Figure 6.1.2. Do not connect a power sensor directly to the LPA or HPA.
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Figure 6.1.2 Power Sensor Connection Diagram
connecting a power sensor, select the Initialize screen menu key for the instrument to
recognize the sensor. After succe sor, the sensor type is displayed
n the screen as in Figure 6.1.3. Since no power source is connected to the sensor yet, an alarm
n.
After
ssful recognition of the power sen
o
message Lower Limit is displayed on the scree
Figure 6.1.3 Power Sensor Initial Screen
No sens screen if the instrument fails to recognize a sensor type during the
initialization process.
or type is displayed on the
6.2 Setting Power Meter
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All the keys used to set the power measurement are displayed as screen menu keys on the screen.
No hard key on the front panel is used. Following is a description of the screen menu and its functions:
z Initialize: Initializes the power sensor and downloads the calibration data from the sensor. z Frequency: Sets the frequency of signals to measure. Note: As the frequency setting affects
the calibration data, be sure to set the accurate center frequency for reliable measurement
results.
z Ext. Offset: Enters the value of Gain or Loss when an attenuator or an amplifier is used before the power sensor. Note: As the default setting is Loss, enter the level of Loss in
positive value when an attenuator is used and enter the level of gain in negative value when
an amplified is used
z Unit: Selects the measurement unit. Note: In the case where the units are selected as Watts,
6.3 Power Measurement After connection and initialization of a power sensor, connect the power sensor to the output port of
the device.
.
depending on the measured power level, the units are altered as W(Watt), mW(milli Watt), or
uW(Micro Watt) automatically.
z Preset: Clears all user settings and returns to initial settings.
Figure 6.3.1 HPA (High Power Amplifier) Output Power Measurement
d if output power greater than +20dBm is supplied directly.
Do not connect the power sensor directly to the output of the HPA. The power sensor will
be damage!
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Measuring frequency Sensor Type
High/Low Limit Alarm Measuring Result
Message Window
Figure 6.3.2 Power Meter Screen Display
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59
7. Save & Load Measurement results and setups can be saved to or loaded from the nonvolatile memory in the
instrument or an external USB memory.
The instrument can save a measurement result in a data file and recall the file later for the purpose
of a comparison or analysis. The display screen can be saved as a graphic file format. Also a user
setup configuration can be saved. The LOAD function is used to recall data files, display screens or
user setups.
7.1 Save The instrument provides the following save functions:
z Save Current: Saves a current trace in a data file. The file name extension is .tra z Save Tra ptured trace in a data file. The file name extension is *.tra. z Save Screen: Saves a current display screen in a JPEG file format. z Save Setup: Saves a user setup configuration. The saving can be either internal memory or external USB memory.
7.1.1 Save Current This function is to save a current measurement result in a data file format. It can be used either
during a measurement or on hold state. A file name and its saving place can be designated.
Action Note
This function is available in VSWR, DTF, and Cable Loss measurement mode.
1. Press the SAVE key. Multi key
2. Select the Save Current screen menu. Screen menu key
3. Select the Memory Type
Internal/ USB
Select either an internal memory or an
external USB memory.
4. Select the File Name
Auto/ Manual
Select how to assign a file name.
Auto: File name is generated automatically.
Manual: User enters the file name manually
using the keyboard on the screen.
5. Press the ENTER key
Press the hard key for Auto mode or the
screen keyboard for Manual mode
Table 7.1.1 Procedure for Saving Current Trace
ce: Saves a ca
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7.1.2 Save Trace This function is to save a captured trace using the TRACE function. Refer to TRACE for the
detailed description about capturing the trace.
Action Note
This function is available in VSWR, DTF, and Cable Loss measurement mode.
1. Press the SAVE key. Multi key
2. Select the Save Trace screen menu. Screen menu key
3. Select the Trace CH number Select a trace number to save.
4. Select the Memory Type
l/ USB
Select either an internal memory or an
external USB memory. Interna
5. Select File Name Select how to assign the file name.
: File name is generated automatically.
anually
Auto/ Manual Auto
Manual: User enters a file name m
using the keyboard on the screen.
6. Press the ENTER key Press the hard key for Auto mode or the
en keyboard for Manual mode scre
Table 7.1.2 Trace Saving Procedure
Screen to Enter File Name Figure 7.1.1 Trace Saving
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When a user assigns the file name manually, the ENTER key on the screen keyboard must
7.1.3 Save Screen T
be entered after finishing the entry of a file name.
his function is to save the measurement display screen in the graphic file format.
Action Note
This function is available in VSWR, DTF, Cab ent mode. le Loss, and Power measurem
1. Press the SAVE key. Multi key
2. Screen screen menu Select the Save Screen menu key
3. Select the Memory Type y or an
Internal/USB
Select either an internal memor
external USB memory.
4. Select the File Name
Auto/Manual atically.
Select how to assign the file name.
Auto: File name is generated autom
Manual: User enters a file name manually
using the keyboard on the screen.
5. Press the ENTER key y for Auto mode or the
screen keyboard for Manual mode
Press the hard ke
Table 7.1.3 Screen Saving Procedure
7.1.4 Save Setup This function is to save the user setup configuration and the calibration data. Up to 20 setups can
be saved.
Step Description
This function is available in VSWR, DTF, Cable Loss, and Power Meter measurement mode.
1. Press the SAVE key Multi key
2. Select the Save Setup screen menu Screen menu
3. Select the Memory Type
Internal/USB
Select either internal memory or external
USB memory.
4. Select the File Name
Auto/Manual
Select how to assign the file name.
Auto: File name is generated automatically.
Manual: User enters the file name manuall
creen
y
using the keyboard on the s
5. Press the ENTER key. Press the hard key for Auto mode or the
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screen keyboard for Manual mode
Table 7.1.4 Setup Saving Procedure
Saving setup based on the procedure in Table 7.1.4 saves the setup configuration listed in Table
tting can be configured by loading the saved setup later.
7.1.5. The instrument se
Measurement
Mode
Parameters Remarks
CAL On/ Off status
CAL Data Recall preceding calibration data.
Frequency Start, Stop, Center Freq and Span
Trace Point 126, 251, 501, 1001points,
Y-scale Top, Bottom
Y-scale unit VSWR, Return Loss
VSWR
Cable Loss
Band Frequency band name
Distance Setting 0 ~ 1250m (4125feet)
Cable Setting cteristics Cable name and its chara
Y-scale Setting Top, Bottom
Y-scale unit Setting VSWR, Return Loss
DTF
Custom Ca tting Propagation Velocity and
Cable Loss value
ble Parameter Setting User se
Table 7.1.5 Saved Parameters in each Measurement Mode
7.2 Load 7.2.1 Load Trace Th pen
auto ace is recalled:
ng of measurement mode is changed
the recalled trac e
ned chan ce CH) of the recalled trace are
z nit is adjusted automatically z From the second recall of the trace, the tr of
the X scale is not identical with those of the
ferent Y scale unit m ce
information appears on the trace summary table on the upper right corner of the display.
is function is used to recall multiple traces for comparison. The following changes hap
matically when a saved tr
z The frequency or distance setti the current automatically to fit into e. On the upper right corner of the screen, th
nel number (Trafrequency setting and the assig
displayed.
The Y scale u to fit into the Y scale of the recalled trace.
ace cannot be loaded if its start and stop point
first trace.
z The trace with the dif ay not be seen on the screen even if the tra
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When multiple traces with different Y sca trace with the
current Y scale is only
le are loaded, the corresponding
shown on the screen.
Figure 7.2.1 Trace Loading
When the Load Trace function is selected, the preview of the sel ce from the list
is disaplyed o
Screen
ected tra
n the lower right corner of the screen.
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Figure 7.2.2 Screen with Multiple Loaded Traces
Action Note
This function is available in VSWR, DTF, and Cable Loss measurement mode.
ess the LOAD key Multi key 1. Pr
2. Sele st shows up when Load Trace is
selected. Use dial knob or Up/Down Arrow
key to select the file to load from the list.
ct the Load Trace screen menu Saved file li
3. Press the ENETR key Load a selected trace.
When a trace is loaded, a channel number with frequency or distance information is displayed
on the upper right corner of the screen. Trace CH number is assigned sequentially starting
from CH1. Select the Clear CH or Clear All screen menu after pressing the TRACE key to
unload the loaded trace from the screen.
Table 7.2.1 Trace Loading Procedure
Loaded traces can be deleted from the screen according to the procedure in Table 7.2.2. Unlike
the loaded traces, captured traces cannot be restored once they are deleted. Be cautious in deleting
traces so that you do not lose any necessary information.
Action Note
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Available in VSWR, DTF, and Cable Loss measurement mode.
1. Press the TRACE key Multi key
2. Select the Trace CH screen menu Select Trace Channel number to clear
3. Select the Clear CH screen menu Delete the selected Channel from the screen
All traces except the current trace are deleted from the screen when Clear All