Rey Ty, 2014, Inglehart, World Values Survey, Findings
Transcript of Rey Ty, 2014, Inglehart, World Values Survey, Findings
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Findings of Inglehart & Company’s
World Values Survey
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Inglehart–Welzel cultural map of the world
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Materialist Values
Post-Materialist Values
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ModernizationPost-
Modernization
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Agrarian Society
Industrial Society
Knowledge Society
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TraditionalSecular-Rational
Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.
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Religious-Traditional
Secular-Rational
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ReligiosityNational
PrideRespect for Authority
Obedience Marriage
Traditional Values
Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.
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SecularismNo to
National Pride
Respect for Equality
Question Authority
Marriage is Obsolete
Secular-Rational Values
Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.
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Survival Self-Expression
Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.
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Security over Liberty
No to LGBTQINo to Political
Action
Distrust in Outsiders
Weak Sense of Happiness
Survival Values
Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.
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Liberty over Security
Accept LGBTQI
Political Action
Trust in Outsiders
Strong Sense of Happiness
Self-Expression Values
Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.
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Revised Theory of
Modernization
Hi Sense of Security
More Secular-Rational
Lo Sense of Security
More Traditional
Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.
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Agency
As sense of individual agency
increases
People shift from survival to self-
expression
As sense of individual agency
decreases
People shift from self-expression
to survival
Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.
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Agrarian Societies
Low Security
Traditional
Values
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Transition from Agrarian to
Industrial Societies
Largest Increase in Existential
Security
Largest Shift from Traditional to
Secular-Rational Values
Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.
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IndustrialSocieties
High Security
Secular Values
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Transition from Industrial Societies
to Knowledge Societies
Largest Increase in Individual Agency
Also Largest Shift from Survival to Self-Expression
Inglehart & Welzel 2005, chapter 2.
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Extreme Value Differences in Culture
Zone Pattern
Islamic Middle EastStrongest Stress on
Traditional & Survival Values
Protestant Northern Europe
Strongest Stress on Secular-Rational &
Self-Expression Values
Welzel, Inglehart & Klingemann 2003, pp. 341–80.
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Different Historical
Pathways to Modernity
Different Culture Zones
Hence, Different Sense of Security
& Individual Agency
Difference Sense of Secular-
Rational & Self-Expression
Values
Welzel, Inglehart & Klingemann 2003, pp. 341–80.
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Gender Generation Ethnicity
Religious Denomination
Education
Income
(Social Class), etc.
Values also differ within societies along cleavage lines:
Inglehart & Welzel 2010, pp. 551–67.
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If living conditions provide people with strong sense of existential security &
individual agency
Then they will have strong stress on secular-rational & self-expression values
Inglehart & Welzel 2010, pp. 551–67.
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Experiences of existential security & individual agency shaping people’s values differ greatly too.
Basic living conditions differ greatly between societies.
Between-society differences are greater than within-society differences
Within & Between Societies Differences
Inglehart & Welzel 2010, pp. 551–67
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Self-expression values.
Emancipative values are part of
Alexander & Welzel 2010, pp. 1–21
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Alexander & Welzel 2010, pp. 1–21
Equality of oppor-tunities
Freedom of choice
Emancipative
values stress…
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Alexander & Welzel 2010, pp. 1–21
Lifestyle liberty
Gender equality
Personal autonomy
People’s voice
Emancipative values involve priorities for
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Emancipative values are a key component of human empowerment.
Once set in motion, people are empowered to exercise freedoms in their course of action.
Welzel & Inglehart 2010, pp. 43–63.
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Human Empowerment
Socio-Economic Level
Action Resources increase people’s
abilities to exercise freedoms
Socio-Cultural Level
Emancipative values increase people’s hopes to exercise
freedoms
Legal-Institutional Level
Democratic rights increase people’s entitlements to
exercise freedomsWelzel, Inglehart & Klingemann 2003, pp. 341–80.
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Human Empowerment is an
entity of…
Socio-Economic Level
Action Resources increase people’s
abilities to exercise freedoms
Socio-Cultural Level
Emancipative values increase people’s hopes to exercise
freedoms
Legal-Institutional Level
Democratic rights increase people’s entitlements to
exercise freedomsWelzel, Inglehart & Klingemann 2003, pp. 341–80.
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Empowering capabilities Aspirations Entitlements
Advance or Recede in Spirals
Human Empowerment
is an entity of...
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Welzel 2010, pp. 1–23.
Emancipative values are…
a cultural component of human
empowerment.
They set up a civic form of modern individualism…
That favors out-group trust & cosmopolitan
outlook towards others.
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Emancipative values encourage non-violent protest,
Providing social capital to activate
society,
Making publics more self-
expressive & vitalizes civil society
advancing civic agency.
Welzel, Inglehart & Deutsch 2005, p. 121–46
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Welzel 2007, pp. 397–424
they help to keep movements stay in democracy.
If emancipative values grow in countries that are democratic,
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under pressures to sustain, substantiate, or establish democracy.
Emancipative values encourage mass actions that put power holders
Welzel 2007, pp. 397–424
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Economic Prosperity
Income Equality
Ethnic Homogeneity
World Market Integration
Global Media Exposure
Closeness to Democratic Neighbors
Protestant Heritage
Social Capital
Factors that Promote Democracy as They Favor Emancipative Values
Welzel 2007, pp. 397–424
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Emancipative values change the nature of
the desire for democracy
More liberal & empowering
understanding of democracy
Not bread-&-butter & law-&-order issues
Make people assess their country’s
democracy critically
Not overrate their country’s democratic
performance.
Emancipative values generate a critical-liberal desire for
democracy.
Best predictor of level of democracy & good
governance.Welzel & Inglehart 2010, pp. 311–29
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Emancipative values
Advance women empowerment
Alexander & Welzel 2010, pp. 1–21
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Emancipative values
From stressing decent
subsistence
To enhancing human agency
Overall level of subjective
well-being rises
Welzel & Inglehart 2010, pp. 43–63
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Inglehart’s World Values SurveyThe emancipative
consequences of the human mpower
process are not culture-specific,
as the empowerment processes that advance emancipative values & a critical-liberal desire
for democracy
Happens in the West, the East, & in other
culture zones.
Welzel 2011, pp. 1–31
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Islam & individual I.D. as Muslim weaken
emancipative values.
Among young Muslims with high education &
esp. among young Muslim women with
high education,
The Muslim/Non-Muslim gap over
emancipative values closes.
Welzel, Inglehart & Deutsch 2005, p. 121–46
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Your Critique?
Reflection
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