Revolutions in Russia
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Transcript of Revolutions in Russia
Revolutions in Russia
Ch. 14.1
How did the Policies of the Czars help to ignite the full-scale revolution?
• Autocratic policies – DictoatorialCzars (Alexander I, Nicolas I & Alexander II) resist change
• Harsh measures – Cracked down on anyone who resisted the Czarist govn’t
• Against (esp. non-Russians e.g. Jews)
• Resistance to change inflamed the masses
How did policies relating to industrialization& economic growth help to
ignite the full-scale revolution?• Grueling working
conditions• Miserably low wages• Child labor• Workers’ low standard of
living• Lack of political power • Enormous gap between
rich & poor• = civil unrest & strife
How did policies relating to industrialization& economic growth help to ignite the full-scale revolution?
Rapid Industrialization• Number of factories doubles
between 1863 and 1900; Russia still lags behind the rest of Western Europe:
- *ALWAYS HAS BEEN A MAJOR PROBLEM FOR RUSSIA
• In late 1800s, new plan boosts steel production; major railway begins
- Foreign investors & raised taxes - Trans-Siberian Railway (1891 –
1916)
How did the policies relating to the Russo-Japanese War help to ignite the
full-scale revolution?• Russia’s losses
sparked unrest at home
• Revealed the Czar’s weakness as a ruler
• Led to revolt in the middle of the war
How did the policies relating to “Bloody Sunday” help to ignite the full-scale
revolution?• Provoked a wave of
strikes & violence across the country
• Forced Czar Nicholas II to promise more freedom
• Create the Duma, Russia’s first parliament.
How did the policies relating to WWI help to ignite the full-scale revolution?
• Revealed weaknesses of czarist rule & military leadership
• Destroyed morale of Russian soldiers who cause a mutiny, deserted and ignored orders
• Price were sky-high
(Put in Notes)
World War I: The Final Blow• Heavy losses in World War I
reveal government’s weakness & people were starving back at home
• Nicholas goes to war front; Czarina Alexandra runs government
• Czarina falls under the influence of Rasputin—mysterious “holy man”
• Nobles fear Rasputin’s influence, murder him
• Army losing effectiveness; people at home hungry and unhappy
Rasputin
World War I: The Final Blow
• Czarina falls under the influence of Rasputin—mysterious “holy man”
• Promises to help the Czarina’s youngest child who was a hemophiliac
• Nobles fear Rasputin’s influence, murder him
How did the policies of The March Revolution (1917) help to ignite the full-
scale revolution?• Forced Czar Nicholas
II to abdicate his throne – A year later the royal family were executed
• Allowed Duma to set up a provisional government
The Bolsheviks gain and hold political control November 1917 Revolution
• Toppled provisional government
• Gave power to the Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks gain and hold political control Civil war between the Red (Bolshevik)
and White (Menshevik) armies• Caused millions of deaths
from fighting & famine
• Showed that Bolsheviks were able
1) seize power
2) maintain power
15 million Russians died
* They Crushed opposition to Bolshevik rule – they won!
The Bolsheviks gain and hold political control Organization of Russia into republics
• Centralized (in Moscow) power and unified country called the “Soviet Union – USSR; the Union of Soviet states”
• The Bolsheviks rename themselves The Communist Party
Left to right: Trotsky, Lenin, and Kamenev
Karl Marx• Marx’s ideas formed the basis of the
revolutionary government
• Economist
• Disturbed by conditions caused by Industrial Rev
• Author of Das Capital and The Communist Manifesto
• Marx believed that society is divided into two groups-the haves, and the have- nots.
• The have-nots perform backbreaking labor but receive low wages while enduring poor working conditions.
• Marx believed that the Industrial Revolution had made the factory owners the haves and he called them bourgeoisie.
• The have-nots were the factory workers whom he called proletariat.
• He believed that the factory owner bourgeoisie exploited the proletariat workers
V. I. Lenin• Led the Bolshevik revolution
• “Peace, Land & Bread” Lenin’s slogan
• Restored peace and order
• 1st Communist leader of the Soviet Union
• Leader of the Bolshevik party who were Marxists or Communists
Leon Trotsky
• Helped negotiate Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
• Commanded the Red Army during civil war