Revolution in Writing From Word Processing to Paperless Publishing.
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Transcript of Revolution in Writing From Word Processing to Paperless Publishing.
Revolution in Writing
From Word Processing to Paperless Publishing
The Word Processing Process
Word processing involves the following steps: Entering text Editing text Formatting & proofreading the
document Saving the document on disk Printing the document
Entering Text
As you enter text using a word processor, your text is displayed on the screen and stored in the computer’s RAM.
Save your work periodically because RAM is not permanent memory.
Editing Text
Write and refine a document easily by: navigating to different
parts of a document inserting or deleting
text at any point
moving & copying text searching and replacing
words or phrases
Formatting Text Formatting refers to how the words look on a
page.
WYSIWIG (“What you see is what you get”) What you see on the screen is a close
approximation of what you will see on paper
Types of formatting: Character Line & Paragraph Entire Document
Character Formatting
Characters are measured by point size with one point equal to 1/72 inch.
A
20 pts
A40 pts
80 pts
120 pts
A A200 pts
A
All About Fonts
A font is a size and style of typeface. Serif fonts have serifs or fine lines at
the ends.
Sans-serif fonts have plainer, cleaner lines. Arial
Paragraph Formatting Formatting for paragraphs involve
margin settings, line spacing, indents, tabs and justification.
Document Formatting You can impact the
appearance of an entire document through the following: Style sheets Headers and footers Multiple columns Automatic editing features Table of Contents and Indexes Conversion to HTML for web
publishing
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Outliners and Idea Processors Synonym Finders Digital References Spelling Checkers Grammar and Style Checkers Form Letter Generators Collaborative Writing Tools
Outliners and Idea Processors
arranging information into levels
rearranging ideas and levels
hiding and revealing levels of detail as needed
Outliners are effective at performing the following functions:
Synonym Finders
Computerized thesaurus can provide instantaneous feedback for synonyms and antonyms.
Digital References Dictionaries, quotation
books, encyclopedias, atlases, almanacs and other references are now available in digital form.
The biggest advantage of the electronic form is speed.
The biggest drawback is that quick copying may tempt writers to plagiarize.
Spelling Checkers Spelling checkers
compare words in your document with words in a disk-based dictionary.
Words may be flagged; you make the decision to ignore or change the spelling.
Grammar and Style Checkers A grammar and style
checker flags possible errors and makes suggestions for correcting.
It spots the following: Spelling Errors of context Common grammatical
errors Stylistic foibles
Form Letter Generators
The Mail Merge feature in word processors generates personalized form letters and mailing labels.
Create a database with names Create a form letter Merge the database with the form letter to create a personalized letter
Collaborative Writing Tools Groupware -software designed to be
used by a workgroup
Provides for collaborative writing and editing
Tracks changes and identifies by the originator’s name
Compares document versions and highlights differences in documents
The Desktop Publishing Story
The process of producing a book, magazine or other publications includes several steps:
Writing text Editing text Producing drawings, photographs, and other graphics to accompany text Designing a basic format for the publication
What is Desktop Publishing?
With modern desktop publishing technology, the production process can be accomplished with sophisticated tools that are affordable and easy to use. Typesetting text. Arranging text and graphics on images. Typesetting and printing pages. Binding pages into a finished publication.
Desktop Publishing Tools
Scanners transform photographs and hand-drawn images into computer-readable documents.
Page-layout software combine the various source documents into a coherent, visually appealing publication QuarkXpress PageMaker Adobe InDesign
What does the future hold?
Despite predictions, written media isn’t going away.
Yet… Electronic mail messages now out
number post office deliveries of letters. CD-ROM encyclopedias briskly outsell
their paper versions. The Internet provides for self-publishing
to millions of users.
Tomorrow’s Word Tools
Word processors are growing in sophistication and absorbing the features of page-layout software.
Paperless electronic media will replace desktop publishing.
Groupware for writing and editing Electronic dictation Intelligent Word Processors
Electronic Books and Digital Paper
The electronic book, or ebook is a handheld device that can contain anything from today’s top news stories to lengthy novels.
Digital paper, or epaper is a flexible, portable, paper-like material that can dynamically display black-and-white text and images on its surface.
Electronic Dictation & Intelligent Word Processors
The bottleneck continues to be in the input side of desktop publishing systems.
For the future: Speech-recognition software systems that
can reliably recognize human speech. Intelligent word processors that
anticipate a writer’s needs, acting as an electronic editor or co-author.
Chapter 6
Calculations, Visualization, and
Simulation
The Spreadsheet
Cell A1
Cell C12
The spreadsheet consists of: Cells (the intersection
of a row and column)
Addresses (column letter and row number, e.g., A1, C12)
Spreadsheet cells can contain values, labels, and formulas:
The Spreadsheet
Values such as numbers and dates
Labels that explain what a value means, such as column and report headings
The Spreadsheet
Formulas allow you to create instructions using mathematical expressions and commands
+ (plus)- (minus) *(multiplication)/ (division) SumAverage
Spreadsheets offer many automatic features such as replication of data
Type the first value in the series such as Qtr 1 or January or 500
Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4
and let the software replicate it to other cells.
Spreadsheet Features
Spreadsheet Features
Formulas can be relative, so they refer to different cells when they are copied
Or absolute, so the formula references never change when they are copiedWhen the formula in column B is copied to column C, it changes relative to the new column.
Spreadsheet Features
Automatic recalculation
– Any time a change is entered into the spreadsheet, all data related to the change automatically updates.
Spreadsheet Features
Functions (e.g., SUM, AVG, SQRT) are used to automate complex calculations
Macros let you store keystrokes and commands so they can be played back automatically
Templates offer ready-to-use worksheets with labels and formulas already entered
Spreadsheet Features
Linking spreadsheets togetherWhen the value change in one spreadsheet, the data is automatically updated in all linked spreadsheets
Spreadsheet Features
Database capabilities Search for information Sort the data by a specific criteria Merge the data with a word processor Generate reports
Spreadsheets allow you to change numbers and instantly see the effects of those changes. “What if I enter this value?”
Equation solvers Some spreadsheets generate data
needed to fit a given equation and target value.
“What If?”
Charts allow you to turn numbers into visual data:
Pie charts (show relative proportions to the whole)
Line charts (show trends or relationships over time)
Spreadsheet Graphics: From Digits to Drawings
Spreadsheet Graphics: From Digits to Drawings
Bar charts (use if data falls into a few categories)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr
North
West
East
Scatter charts (use to discover, rather than to display, a relationship between two variables)
$0.00
$1,000.00
$2,000.00
$3,000.00
$4,000.00
$5,000.00
$6,000.00
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Australia
Germany
Canada
Great Britain
Accounting and Financial Management software allows you to do electronically handle routine transactions such as:
writing checks balancing accounts creating budgets
Statistical Software:Beyond Spreadsheets
Statistical Software:Beyond Spreadsheets
Mathematics Processing software turns abstract mathematical relationships into visual objects.
Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets
Statistical and data analysis software collects and analyzes data that tests the strength of data relationships.
Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets
Scientific visualization software uses shape, location in space, color, brightness, and motion to help us visualize data.
Computer modeling uses computers to create abstract models of objects, organisms, organizations, and processes.
Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation
Computer Modeling and Simulation
Examples: computer games (chess boards, sports
arenas, and mythological societies) computer models of organisms,
objects, and organizations flight simulators and simulations of
science lab activities managing a business, city, or nation
Computer Simulations are widely used for research in the physical, biological, and social sciences, and in engineering.
Computer Simulation
Schools, businesses, and the military use simulations for training because:
Safety: non-threatening environments Economy: less expensive than real life Projection: less threatening to systems Visualization: allows to see and
understand Replication: allows repetition of
projects
Computer Modeling and Simulation
Computer Simulation:The Risks
Risks: Simulation isn’t
reality.
Not all factors can be entered into the model or simulation.