REVOLUTION AND NATIONALISM 1900-1939 CHAPTER 14. CHAPTER 14, SECTION 1 REVOLUTIONS IN RUSSIA.
Revolution and Nationalism , 1900–1939
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Transcript of Revolution and Nationalism , 1900–1939
Revolution and Nationalism, 1900–1939
QUIT
Chapter Overview
Time Line
Visual Summary
SECTION Revolutions in Russia 1
SECTION Patterns of Change: Totalitarianism2
SECTION Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule 3
SECTION Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia 4
30CHAPTER
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Chapter Overview
Social unrest in Russia erupts in revolution. Under Stalin, the U.S.S.R. becomes a totalitarian state. After the Qing dynasty falls, Chinese Nationalists and Communists clash. World War I fuels nationalism in India and Southwest Asia.
30CHAPTER Revolution and
Nationalism, 1900–1939
1912 Chinese Nationalist oust the last Qing emperor.
1923 Turkey becomes a republic under Mustafa Kemal.
30CHAPTER
Time Line
1900 1939
HOMERevolution and Nationalism, 1900–1939
1905 Russian workers protest, asking for better conditions.
1920 Gandhi leads Indian campaign of civil disobedience.
1934 Mao Zedong heads Long March.
1935 India gains self-rule.
1929 Stalin exiles Trotsky from Soviet Union.
The Russian Revolutions of 1917 end czarist rule and usher in the first communist government. Lenin seizes power and launches major economic and political reforms.
Overview Assessment
Key Idea
Revolutions in Russia 1HOME
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Long-term social unrest in Russia erupted in revolution, ushering in the first Communist government.
The Communist Party controlled the Soviet Union until the country’s breakup in 1991.
Overview
Revolutions in Russia 1
Assessment
• pogrom
• Trans-Siberian Railway
• Bolsheviks
• V. I. Lenin
• Duma
• Rasputin
• provisional government
• soviet
TERMS & NAMES
HOME
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List significant events during the last phases of czarist rule and the beginning of Communist rule.
Revolutions in Russia 1
Section 1 Assessment
continued . . .
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1891
1894
1917
1921
1922Construction of the Trans-Siberian Railroad begins.
Nicholas II becomes the last Russian czar.
Russian Revolution ends czarist rule.
Lenin launches New Economic Policy.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is formed.
2. What do you think were Czar Nicholas II’s worst errors in judgment during his rule? Why? THINK ABOUT
Section
Revolutions in Russia 1
1 Assessment
• the czar’s military decisions • the political outcome of “Bloody Sunday”
ANSWER
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Involvement in the Russo-Japanese War, the czar’s refusal to share power with the Duma, Russia’s entry into World War I, and the czar’s change of headquarters to the war front all paved the way to revolution and the end of czarist rule.
Possible Responses:
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Section
Revolutions in Russia 1
1 Assessment
ANSWER
Lenin was able to win and maintain power because of his energetic, disciplined leadership; his awareness of the demands of various groups in Russian society; his careful planning; and his ability to tackle difficult problems and crises.
Possible Responses:
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3. Why was Lenin’s leadership crucial to the success of the Russian Revolution? THINK ABOUT
• Lenin’s personal traits • his slogan—“Peace, Land, and Bread” • his role in organizing the Bolsheviks • his role after the Revolution
End of Section 1
After Lenin’s death, Stalin transforms the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state. He revolutionizes the economy and uses terror, propaganda, and censorship to maintain power.
Overview Assessment
Key Idea
Totalitarianism 2HOME
CASE STUDY: Stalinist Russia PATTERNSOF CHANGE
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Totalitarianism 2HOME
CASE STUDY: Stalinist Russia PATTERNSOF CHANGE
After Lenin died, Stalin seized power and transformed the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state.
More recent dictators have used Stalin’s tactics for seizing total control over individuals and the state.
Overview
Assessment
• Joseph Stalin
• totalitarianism
• command economy
• collective farm
• kulak
• Great Purge
• socialist realism
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMESMAP
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Cite examples from Stalinist Russia for each weapon of totalitarianism listed below.
continued . . .
Totalitarianism 2HOME
CASE STUDY: Stalinist Russia PATTERNSOF CHANGE
Weapons Examples
Police Terror
Propaganda
Censorship
Religious Persecution
Great Purge, execution of kulaks
Socialist realism, training of youth
Government-controlled media
Destruction of buildings, elimination of leadership
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Section 2 Assessment
ANSWER
Totalitarian: centralized under one leader, control all sectors of society and people’s lives, rely on force and propaganda
Democratic: separation of powers, run by elected leaders, allow private ownership and freedom, maintain military for defense
Possible Responses:
2. How do totalitarian states and constitutional governments differ? THINK ABOUT
• the chart explaining the key traits of totalitarianism • what you have learned about constitutional
government in the United States • what you learned about the Soviet Constitution
Totalitarianism 2HOME
CASE STUDY: Stalinist Russia PATTERNSOF CHANGE
End of Section 2
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Section 2 Assessment
In 1912, Chinese nationalists overthrow the Qing dynasty and establish a new republic. Civil war erupts as Nationalists and Communists vie for control of China.
Overview Assessment
Key Idea
Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule
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After the fall of the Qing dynasty, nationalist and Communist movements struggled for power.
The seeds of China’s late-20th-century political thought, communism, were planted at this time.
Overview
Assessment
• Kuomintang
• Sun Yixian
• Mao Zedong
• May Fourth Movement
• Long March
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MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
HOMECollapse of Chinese Imperial Rule
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1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Compare and contrast Jiang Jieshi and Mao Zedong.
Section 3 Assessment
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HOMECollapse of Chinese Imperial Rule
Jiang Mao
Party
Key Supporters
Reforms
Military Actions
Nationalist Communist
Bankers and business people
Peasants
Launched programs to modernize cities
Divided land among local farmers
Defeated warlords Established Red Army
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Section 3 Assessment
ANSWER
2. What influence did foreign nations have on China from 1912 to 1938? THINK ABOUT
• the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles • the role of the Soviet Union • the temporary truce during the Chinese civil war
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HOMECollapse of Chinese Imperial Rule
• The Treaty of Versailles triggered the May Fourth Movement.• Western democracies refused to support Sun’s
government, but the Soviet Union did.• Great Britain and United States recognized the
Nationalist Republic of China. • Japan’s invasion of China united Jiang’s and Mao’s forces.
Possible Responses:
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Section 3 Assessment
ANSWER
• Failures of the Kuomintang
• Corruption in Jiang’s government
• Soviet Union’s involvement in Chinese affairs
• Poverty of peasants
• Mao’s strong leadership
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3. What caused the Communist revolutionary movement in China to gain strength? THINK ABOUT
• the Soviet Union’s influence • the conditions of rural peasants
End of Section 3
HOMECollapse of Chinese Imperial Rule
• Jiang’s government and policies
• Mao’s role and achievements
World War I heightens nationalist activity and independence movements to overthrow colonial power. Gandhi uses nonviolent tactics to free India from British rule. Turkey, Persia, and Arabia also seek self-rule.
Overview Assessment
Key Idea
Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia
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Nationalism triggered independence movements to overthrow colonial power.
These independent nations—India, Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia—are key players on the world stage today.
Overview
Assessment
• Mohandas K. Gandhi
• civil disobedience
• Mustafa Kemal
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MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
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Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Describe the different forms of nationalism that developed in the Asian countries listed below.
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Section 4 Assessment
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Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia
Forms of Nationalism1900-1939
India
Turkey
Persia
Saudi Arabia
Nationalists use nonviolent methods to work for independence
from British rule.
• Nationalists overthrow last Ottoman sultan.
• Kemal seeks Western-style modernization.
• Nationalists free Persia from British and Russian
rule.• Reza Shah changes country’s name to Iran.
Ibn Saud unifies the nation and creates a state
based on Islamic law.
Section 4 Assessment
ANSWER
2. What do you think a nation might gain and lose by modernizing? THINK ABOUT
• what positive changes occurred in Turkey and Iran
• why Kemal set rules for clothing
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• why Gandhi wore only homespun cloth
Gains—increased economic and political power; greater acceptance and respect from Western nations; equal rights for women
Losses—a unique sense of cultural identity; traditional values and ways of life
Possible Responses:
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Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia
• why modernization was limited in Saudi Arabia
End of Section 4