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]~cihlblhk chdnk|~bi oniLnkts` on N|t~oh`| }bsb ni On|bss`ii` Ibc`sbi x Bfsbsh`

_nslnsb }`lb $ B` 2H2 $ Ib ]bu) dbx` on 3=23

K 6=

ON\ON 281> \N AB ]SH@SHUBO@ IB N\_BCHIHOBO XIB FBKBKLHB ON I@\ ND]SN\BSH@\

Ib }`ithlb oni f`chnsk` n| l`ktnknsni |bibsh` x l`kl~ilbs onsnla`|

1

N$dbhi5 lnoibMlnoib+`sfIb ]bu $ C`ihzhb

Ib |~|lsh}lhk b Binstb Ibc`sbi }~non snbihubs|n fsbt~htbdnktn nk ib| jhlhkb| oni LNOIB vvv+lnoib+`sfZh|htbk`|

Ebzhns Fdnu Bf~hibsOHSNL_@S NENL^_HZ@

LNOIB

i f`chnsk` oni DB\ n|t bzbkubko`b }b|` jhsdn }bsb lnslbs b i`|

tsbcbebo`sn| x l`kl~ilbsin| onsnla`|bor~hsho`|+ B| i` n|t ablhnko` l`ktsbcbebo`sn| on ib |bi~o }cihlb x ni O\223: r~n sn}`kn ib| 1 a`sb| on tsbcbe`nk ni |nlt`s on ib |bi~o }cihlb x on ib|nf~shobo |`lhbi) l`k bsf~dnkt`| }`l`zbinons`| }s o~lt` on ~kb n|}~shb l`k|~itb l`k `sfbkhublh`kn| bjhkn| bi }bstho`on f`chnsk`+ B| tbdchk i` ab anla`l`k i`| tsbcbebo`sn| oni dbfh|tnsh`) br~hnkn| ab }~n|t` l`ktsb ib }bsno) bjnl

tbko` |~| l`kr~h|tb|+Bi f`chnsk` abcsb r~n ablnsin sn$

l~nso` r~n l`k|tbktndnktn |n l`ktsbohlnx nq}`kn ~kb o`cin d`sbi) d~x |nk|hcinb |~ a~d`s ninlt`sbi+ ]`s nend}i`) ibi~lab on i`| tsbcbebo`sn| on |bi~o }`s|~ hkl`s}`sblhk b ib Inx Fnknsbi oni_sbcbe` !IF_( |n |`|thnkn nk ni O\ 31:8)r~n n|tn f`chnsk` ohlt ni 2 on dbx`on 3==:) |) ni dh|d` b` r~n n|t~z`bl`d}bbo` }`s ni |hd~ibls` on ibkblh`kbihublhk) ba`sb d~x znkhob bdnk`|+

Nk n|tn hk|ts~dnkt` infbi |n snl`k`ln r~n t`o` tsbcbebo`s r~n l~d}ibl`k ~kb sniblhk on on}nkonklhb x|~c`sohkblhk sn|}nlt` b ~k nd}inbo`s)r~n ib }sn|tblhk on tsbcbe` |nb }`sl~nktb benkb x r~n }nslhcb ~kbsnd~knsblhk ` |bibsh`+) nk l~bir~hnsbon |~| j`sdb| x dbkhjn|tblh`kn|) n|tsnl`k`lho` nk ni dcht` on ohlab inx)|nb l~bi j~nsn ni s~cs` ` blthzhobo r~n|n snbihln x n|t |~ent` b i`| onsnla`|x `cihfblh`kn| ndnsfnktn| oni tsbcbe`b|bibshbo`+ ]`s tbkt`) i`| tsbcbebo`sn|

on ib |bi~o }cihlb thnknk k` |i` ~ksn|}bio` infthd` }`s |~| ondbkob|)|hk` r~n i`| }s`}h`| hk|ts~dnkt`| infbin|i`| b}`xbk+

Nk n|tn kdns` oni Binstb Ibc`sbi)bond| iibdbd`| ib btnklhk |`csn ib|ht~blhk on i`| |bibsh`|) x ld` i`|hklsndnkt`| k`dhkbin| }`l` abk sno~kobo` nk ib snl~}nsblhk on |~ }`onsbor~h|hthz`+ ]~n|) nk n|tn n|lnkbsh` on}snlbshnobo) t`db |nktho` ib ondbkoboni dqhd` nktn ibc`sbi oni }b|) r~n nk|~ }ihnf` }ntht`sh` kblh`kbi ondbkob ~k

|bibsh` nr~hzbinktn b ~kb lbkb|tb jbdhihbson 1+

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HKJ@SDN $ 1 }`s lhnkt`tnkb ~k hkfsn|` }`s a`sb hkjnsh`s bihkfsn|`$a`sbsh` k`sdbthz`) n|thdbo`nk 2=)3= C|) t`dbko` l`d`}bsdnts` ni l`|t` on ib lbkb|tbbihdnkthlhb x ib e`skbob k`sdbi ontsbcbe` nk lbob lbtnf`sb `l~}blh`kbi+

Bk |hk l`k|honsbs ni |~cnd}in`}`s lbihjhlblh`kn|2) r~n bjnltb lbobznu d| b i`| tsbcbebo`sn|) n|t`|hkohlbo`sn| d~n|tsbk r~n nion|nd}in` l`d` j`sdb nqtsndb on|~c~thihublhk on ib j~nsub on tsbcbe`

n| b}nkb| ~kb }bstn oni }s`cindb`l~}blh`kbi nk ni }b|) }~n|t` r~n)bktn| r~n obs|n ni i~e` on r~nobs |hknd}in`) i`| tsbcbebo`sn| |n znk`cihfbo`| b |~c`sohkbs|n b ohzns|`|dnlbkh|d`| on nq}i`tblhk ibc`sbi)r~n ablnk r~n ni nd}in` |nb lbob znud| }snlbsh`+

N|tn n| ~k` on i`| sn|~itbo`| onl`kthk~hobo nk ib b}ihlblhk on}`ithlb| }cihlb| r~n k` }s`d~nznkd`ohjhlblh`kn| nk ni }nsjhi onn|}nlhbihublhk }s`o~lthzb b|nktbobc|hlbdnktn nk ib nq}i`tblhk xnq}`stblhk on dbtnshb| }shdb| l`k

n|lb|` zbi`s bfsnfbo`) nk ~kb hko~|tshbdbk~jblt~snsb hklh}hnktn x nk ~k|nlt`s tnslhbsh` tsbohlh`kbi !l`dnslh`x |nszhlh`|( r~n |n lbsbltnshubk }`s|~ cbeb }s`o~lthzhobo x |~ n|lb|`hd}blt` nk ib fnknsblhk on nd}in`|on lbihobo+

K@_B2+ Ni |~cnd}in } s lbihjhlblh kn| bjnltb

b ib| }ns|`kb| r~n nk |~ tsbcbe` k`ablnk ~|` }ink` on |~| l`k`lhdhnkt`|x abchihobon|+

I

Lsnln ni |~cnd}in` x

|n btnkb ni on|nd}in` chnst`

Dhnktsb| ib| nd}sn|b| |hf~nk be~|tbko` ib ondbkob on tsbcbe` b i`| snr~nshdhnkt`|on snktbchihobo oni lb}htbi) ~kb }bstn on i`| tsbcbebo`sn| r~n |n nkl~nktsbk oh|}`khcin|}bsb tsbcbebs r~nob on|nd}inbob x `tsb }bstn r~nob |~cnd}inbob+

Ni 3=22 |n snfh|ts ni on|lnk|`on ib tb|b on on|nd}in` ab|tb ni6)8 }`s lhnkt`) ~k }~kt` dnk`|

r~n ni b` bktnsh`s 7 i`|on|nd}inbo`| nsbk nk |~ dbx`sbi`| eznkn| bdc`| |nq`| x l`k

dbx`s khzni no~lbthz`+

_ tbi 1)1 6)8 8)8 6)8 :)> 8)>Ib ]bu 22): 22)6 22)> 22)8 2=): 2 2=)= :)= >)2 6)2\bktb Ls~u 8)= 6): 2=)6 1)3 >)8 2=)1Ni Bit` 6)6 6)> 1)= 6)? :)= 8)=

_ tbi A`dcsn| D~ensn| _ tbi A`dcsn| D~ensn|

J~nktn5 NLNOIB) 3=2=$3=22

3=2= 3=22Lh~obo

L~bos` 25 Nz`i~lhk oni |bibsh` dkhd` x ib LKB) 3==2$3=22

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: $ BKIH\H\Dbx` on 3=23

k ~k }b| nk ni r~n |n oh|thkf~n}`s tnkns i`| |bibsh`| d| cbe`|

on ib snfhk) |bcns r~hkn| |`k i`|}n`s }bfbo`| n| l`d` }`kns ni ono`nk ib iibfb d| nq}~n|tb on ~kb anshobr~n snl`ssn ~kb c~nkb }bstn oni l~ns

}`+ ]ns` i` r~n hk|}hsb n|tb k`tb n|d`|tsbs r~n ni blt~bi d`oni` on lsnlh$dhnkt` nl`kdhl` n|t fnknsbko`nd}in`| }`l` }s`o~lthz`| x snd~knsbo`| l`k |bibsh`| cbe`| nk t`o`| i`||nlt`sn| oni dnslbo` ibc`sbi+ +

Ib dbx`s }bstn on i`| k~nz`| nd}in`| fnknsbo`| o~sbktn i`| ithd`|b`| }b|bs`k b nkfs`|bs ib| `l~}blh`kn| k` lbihjhlbob| l`k ib| r~n |nb|`lhbk ib| l`kohlh`kn| on tsbcbe`d| }snlbshb| !j~kobdnktbidnktn nk|nszhlh`| }ns|`kbin| ohzns|`|) ibl`k|ts~llhk x ni l`dnslh`(+ X i`

}snlbsh` hd}ihlb knln|bshbdnktn i`|cbe`| |bibsh`|+ N| onlhs) ib nl`k`dbc`ihzhbkb ab ho` fnknsbko` d| nd}in`|) }ns` l`k ib| }n`sn| l`kohlh`kn| x d~x dbi }bf`|+

Nk ni 3=22) i`| tsbcbebo`sn|/b|}n`s snd~knsbo`| }nslhcbk ~k |bibsh`knt` hkjnsh`s b C| 6)3= }`s a`sb27d~la`| on nii`| nsbk l`ko~lt`sn| ontsbk|}`stn) znkono`sn| oni l`dnslh`x `csns`| on ib hko~|tshb dbk~jblt~$snsb+ Nk ni lb|` on ib| d~ensn|) b ib|bktnsh`sn| `l~}blh`kn| |n |~db ni|nszhlh` o`d|thl +

OKON _SBCBEBK0Ni dbx`s }`slnktben on i`| tsbcbebo`sn| }n`s snd~knsbo`| |n nkl~nktsb nk ni |nlt`s |ndhnd}sn|bshbi) l`kj`sdbo` }`s ~khobon| nl`kdhlb|on }nr~nb n|lbib) o`kon i`| o~n`|tbdchk }bsthlh}bk ohsnltbdnktn nkib }s`o~llhk on chnkn| x |nszhlh`|+

^k }`slnktben dnk`s) }ns` hf~bidnktn ninzbo`) |n nkl~nktsb nk ni|nlt`s nd}sn|bshbi+ Nk ni |nlt`s n|tbtbii`| tsbcbebo`sn| }n`s snd~knsbo`|oh|dhk~xnk b dnk`| on ib dhtbo nkl`d}bsblhk l`k i`| ond| |nlt`sn|x |n abiibk l`klnktsbo`| nk ni s~cs`on ib l`k|ts~llhk zhkl~ibo` l`k ib|`csb| }cihlb| d~khlh}bin|+

N|tb oh|tshc~lhk on i`| tsbcbebo`sn| }n`s snd~knsbo`| d~n|tsb r~nxb k` n| }`|hcin b|`lhbs nd}in`| onlbihobo l`k ni |nlt`s nd}sn|bshbi xnd}in`| }snlbsh`| l`k ni iibdbo`|nlt`s hkj`sdbi) bi dnk`| nk tsdhk`| on i`| |bibsh`|+

D^ENSN\)\HND]SN B IB UBFBNktsn i`| }n`s snd~knsbo`| }sn

o`dhkbk ib| d~ensn|7 n| onlhs) ib

|nfsnfblhk `l~}blh`kbi r~n |~jsnk

nk ni blln|` b nd}in`|}ns|h|tn bk l~bko` |n tsbtbon i`| }~n|t`| dnk`| lbih$jhlbo`|+ Ib| nd}inbob| oni|nszhlh` o`d|thl`) ib|`csnsb| on ib hko~|tshb x ibl`k|ts~llhk nk ni |nlt`snd}sn|bshbi) ib| nd}inbob|nk i`| |nszhlh`| on tsbk|}`stn x nk ni l`dnslh`|ndhnd}sn|bshbi) r~n |n

abiibk fnknsbidnktn |~entb|b ib l`ktsbtblhk tnd}`sbix b j`sdb| on }bf` bon|tbe`) |`k ib| d| nq}~n|tb| bi }bf` on cbe`||bibsh`|+

Nktsn i`| a`dcsn|) i`|}n`s snd~knsbo`| |`kl`ko~lt`sn| oni tsbk|}`stnnk ni |nlt`s nd}sn|bshbi7 i`|`csns`| on ib l`k|ts~llhknk ni |nlt`s n|tbtbi x i`|

`csns`| on ib hko~|tshb nkni |nlt`s |ndhnd}sn|bshbi)i`| |hf~nk nk n|tb }nk`|b

ih|tb+

\BIBSH@\ ]@S A@SBON I@\ ]N@S ]BFBO@\Ni |bibsh` }s`dnoh` }`s a`sb nktsn

i`| }n`s }bfbo`| n| on ?)>= C| xnr~hzbin bi :=. on ib dnohbkb oni|bibsh` !6)3= C|+(+ Iinfb b >)?= nk ni|nlt`s n|tbtbi) b ?)8= nk ni nd}sn|bshbix b ?)3= nk ni |ndhnd}sn|bshbi+ N|t`|hfkhjhlb r~n |`k i`| tsbcbebo`sn| l`kdbx`s }s`cbchihobo on lbns nk ib }`csnub nqtsndb) |`csn t`o` l~bko` |n`l~}bk nk ni l`dnslh`) tsbk|}`stn x)nk ni lb|` n|}nljhl` on ib| d~ensn|)l~bko` bond| |n `l~}bk nk ni |nszhlh` o`d|thl` x ib dbk~jblt~sb|ndhnd}sn|bshbi+

K@_B2+ I`| }n`s }bfbo | |`k br~nii`| r~n

}nslhcnk ~k |bibsh` knt` hkjnsh`s b ibdnohbkb+ Ib dnohbkb n| ni d`kt` onihkfsn|`/a`sbsh` }`s nklhdb ` }`soncbe` oni l~bi |n nkl~nktsb ib dhtboon i`| l~}bo`|7 ni 3=22 n|tn d`kt`nsb on C| 6)3= }`s a`sb+ N|tn d`kt`n|t }`s oncbe` on i` r~n ~k tsbcbebo`s tnkosb r~n fbkbs }`s a`sb }bsbl~cshs) bi dnk`|) ni l`|t` on i`| bihdnkt`| r~n l`k|~dn+

R~hkn| |`k x okon tsbcbebk0

La`jnsn| b|bibshbo`|) `csnsb| on ib dbk~jblt~sb x znkono`sn| nk ni l`dnslh` nkfs`|bk ib ih|tbon ib| `l~}blh`kn| }n`s }bfbob| nk ib| lh~obon| oni }b|+ Fbkbk dnk`| on C| 6)3= }`s a`sbx |`k ib| d~ensn| r~hnkn| |`}`stbk d| n|tb l`kohlhk) l`d` njnlt` on ib |nfsnfblhk ibc`sbi+

I`| }n`s }bfbo`|

N

_ tbi ?8)= 32)8 >3)?

L`ko~lt`sn| tsbk|}`stn :?)6 $ :?)> :8):

Znkono`sn| oni l`dnslh` :=)> $ >6)8 :?)2

@csns`| on ib hko~|tshb >8)> $ >:): :6)? $ >?): >8)1

@csns`| on ib hko~|tshb >:)? $ >3)1 :3)3

@csns`| on ib l`k|ts~llhk 36)=

D~ensn| >6): :2):

Nd}inbob| oni a`fbs :1)1

@csnsb| on ib hko~|tshb :1)> $ 6=)> ::)6

Nd}inbob| oni tsbk|}`stn :?)1 $ $ 1:)?

Znkono`sb| oni l`dnslh` :8): 2==)= 13)> $

Blthzhobo nl`kdhlb _ tbiN|tbtbi Nd}sn|bshbi \ndhnd}sn|bshbi

L~bos` 2Lh~obon| oni nen5 ]`slnktben on b|bibshbo`| }n`s }bfbo`|) 3=22

!\bibsh` knt` hkjnsh`s b 6)3= C|/a`sb(

J~nktn5 NLNOIB) 3=22+ Nibc`sblhk LNOIB

\nlt`s dnslbo` on tsbcbe`

_ tbi ?)>= >)?= ?)8= ?)3=

Hko~|tshb ?)8= $ >)3= ?)3=L`k|ts~llhk >)>= :)3> >)== >)1=L`dnslh` ?)3= $ >)== )>= >)== ?)3=

Hko~|tshb >)== $ >)32 ?)3=L`k|ts~llhk >)>= :)3> >)== >)1)== ?)3=_sbk|}`stn ?)== $ ?))>= ?)6= >)>=D~ensn| ?)3= >)== ?)6=

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BKIH\H\ $6Dbx` on 3=23

i f`chnsk` on Nz` D`sbin|zhnkn |`}`st bko` ~kb `ib

hktnk|b on l`kjihlt`| |`lhbin| r~n |nlbsbltnshubk }`s |~ kbt~sbinubl`inlthzb x kblh`kbi x) n|nklhbidnktn)}`s |ns dbkhjn|tblh`kn| r~nsnhzhkohlbk ib onjnk|b x l`kr~h|tb ononsnla`|+ Nktsn n|tb| i~lab| on|tblbkib| on ko`in ibc`sbi) }s`tbf`khubob|}`s i`| dohl`| b|bibshbo`|) i`|tsbcbebo`sn| nk |bi~o) i`| dbn|ts`|~scbk`| x ib Lnktsbi @csnsb C`ihzhbkb}`s ib btnklhk on |~ }ihnf` }ntht`sh`kblh`kbi) l~xb ondbkob }shklh}bi n|~k |bibsh` nr~hzbinktn b ~kb lbkb|tbjbdhihbs on 1+

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1 $ K@ ABX ONSNLA@"Dbx` on 3=23

b|tb ohlhndcsn on 3=2=) niF`chnsk` oni DB\ snzhsth

1>>+13< anltsnb| b dnohbkb| xfsbkon| }s`}hnobon| }`s hkl~d}ihdhnkt` on ib j~klhk nl`kdhlb|`lhbi) }`s nqh|tnklhb on sniblh`kn|

|nszho~dcsbin| x }`s blt`| jsb~o~inkt`|) i` r~n |`ibdnktn |hfkhjhlb ni 2)>.oni t`tbi on ib |~}nsjhlhn |bknbob xtht~ibob b ohlhndcsn on 3=2= x r~nbilbkub b >> dhii`kn| on anltsnb|+

N|tb ihdhtbob snzns|hk on thnssb|)l`ktsb|tb l`k ib infhthdblhk on fsbk}bstn on ib| thnssb| r~n i`| dnohbk`|x fsbkon| }s`}hntbsh`| i`fsbs`k bl~d~ibs nktsn 28>< x 288< x r~n bilbkubb /3==: x

3=2=/3=22) |n nq}ihlb }`s hklsndnkt`| bilbkubo`| }`s |i` o`| l~ithz`|5|`xb !?=.() l~xb }s`o~llhk |hsznl`d` dbtnshb }shdb }bsb ~kb bfs`hko~|tshb `inbfhk`|b `shnktbob j~kobdnktbidnktn b ib nq}`stblhk) x lbbon bulbs !