Revisiting Specialisation and the Sexual Division of …...Revisiting Specialisation and the Sexual...
Transcript of Revisiting Specialisation and the Sexual Division of …...Revisiting Specialisation and the Sexual...
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RevisitingSpecialisationandtheSexualDivisionofLabour(HILDA)
1. Overview
2. Motivation
3. SI1
4. ADescriptiveProfileofSpecialisation
5. SI2&SI3
6. IsSpecialisationConsistentwithAAinDomesticorMarketWork?
7. NextStepsRhiannonDavies&Assoc.Prof.PeterSiminski(UniversityofTechnologySydney)
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1. Firststudytofacilitateadirectmeasureofspecialisation,combining
informationaboutpaidworkanddomesticworkfrombothcouple
membersintoasingleindexofspecialisation.
2. Firststudytoconsiderabsoluteadvantageinthelabour-market
alongsideabsoluteadvantageinthehousehold(i.e.sex)as
determinantsofcomparativeadvantage.
� Initialfindings:absoluteadvantageinthelabour-marketisbecoming
increasinglyimportantintermsofhowcouplesallocatetheirtime,
relativetoasexualdivisionoflabour.
1. Overview
2. Motivation
3. SI1
4. ADescriptiveProfileofSpecialisation
5. SI2&SI3
6. IsSpecialisationConsistentwithAAinDomesticorMarketWork?
7. NextSteps
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Becker(1981)“Ifwomenhaveacomparativeadvantageovermen
inthehouseholdsectorwhentheymakethesameinvestmentsin
human capital, an efficient household with both sexes would
allocate the time of womenmainly to the household sector and
thetimeofmenmainlytothemarketsector”(p.22)
Howcanwemeasurespecialisationinsame-sexhouseholds?
1. Overview
2. Motivation
3. SI1
4. ADescriptiveProfileofSpecialisation
5. SI2&SI3
6. IsSpecialisationConsistentwithAAinDomesticorMarketWork?
7. NextSteps
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Limitationsofcurrentmeasuresofspecialisation:
� Studiesmeasuringspecialisationusingalabour-marketproxy:
Hersch&Stratton(2000)Jepsen&Jepsen(2005),Antecol&
Steinberger(2013),Giddingsetal.(2014),Jepsen&Jepsen(2015)
� Studiesmeasuringspecialisationusingtime-useinputsfromthe
householdonly:Stratton(2005),Bonkeetal.(2008),Notmeyer
(2011)
� Descriptiveprofilesofspecialisation:Blacketal.(2007),Juhn&McCue(2017)
1. Overview
2. Motivation
3. SI1
4. ADescriptiveProfileofSpecialisation
5. SI2&SI3
6. IsSpecialisationConsistentwithAAinDomesticorMarketWork?
7. NextSteps
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SI1=| 𝐿𝐹𝑆↓1 − 𝐻𝑊𝑆↓1 |
LFS1=ShareofmarketworkdonebyPartner1HWS1=ShareofhouseworkdonebyPartner1
1. Overview
2. Motivation
3. SI1
4. ADescriptiveProfileofSpecialisation
5. SI2&SI3
6. IsSpecialisationConsistentwithAAinDomesticorMarketWork?
7. NextSteps
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1. Overview
2. Motivation
3. SI1
4. ADescriptiveProfileofSpecialisation
5. SI2&SI3
6. IsSpecialisationConsistentwithAAinDomesticorMarketWork?
7. NextSteps
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1. Overview
2. Motivation
3. SI1
4. ADescriptiveProfileofSpecialisation
5. SI2&SI3
6. IsSpecialisationConsistentwithAAinDomesticorMarketWork?
7. NextSteps
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1. Overview
2. Motivation
3. SI1
4. ADescriptiveProfileofSpecialisation
5. SI2&SI3
6. IsSpecialisationConsistentwithAAinDomesticorMarketWork?
7. NextSteps
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ComparativeAdvantage
Absoluteadvantageindomesticwork(sex)
(AAD)
Absoluteadvantageinmarketwork(higherhourlywage)
(AAM)
1. Overview
2. Motivation
3. SI1
4. ADescriptiveProfileofSpecialisation
5. SI2&SI3
6. IsSpecialisationConsistentwithAAinDomesticorMarketWork?
7. NextStepsSI2 SI3
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SI2 = 𝐻𝑊𝑆↓𝐹𝐸𝑀 − 𝐿𝐹𝑆↓𝐹𝐸𝑀
1. Overview
2. Motivation
3. SI1
4. ADescriptiveProfileofSpecialisation
5. SI2&SI3
6. IsSpecialisationConsistentwithAAinDomesticorMarketWork?
7. NextSteps
SI2=0
SI2=1
SI2=-1
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SI3 = 𝐿𝐹𝑆↓𝐻𝐼 − 𝐻𝑊𝑆↓𝐻𝐼
1. Overview
2. Motivation
3. SI1
4. ADescriptiveProfileofSpecialisation
5. SI2&SI3
6. IsSpecialisationConsistentwithAAinDomesticorMarketWork?
7. NextSteps
SI3=1
SI3=-1
SI3=0
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1. Overview
2. Motivation
3. SI1
4. ADescriptiveProfileofSpecialisation
5. SI2&SI3
6. IsSpecialisationConsistentwithAAinDomesticorMarketWork?
7. NextSteps
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NextSteps
� TakeourspecialisationindicesSI1,SI2&SI3andrunarangeof
regressionswiththeindicesastheoutcomevariables.
� Thisshouldallowustobetterunderstandthedeterminantsof
specialisation.Doescontrollingforcoupleage,childrenorfertility
intentionsexplainspecialisationorspecialisationaccordingto
absoluteadvantage?
1. Overview
2. Motivation
3. SI1
4. ADescriptiveProfileofSpecialisation
5. SI2&SI3
6. IsSpecialisationConsistentwithAAinDomesticorMarketWork?
7. NextSteps
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ThankyoutotheorganisersofAGEW19andtheWomeninEconomicsNetworkforhavingme!
Wewouldlovetohearanysuggestionsorfeedbackyouhaveregardingourresearch.
Getintouch:[email protected] [email protected]
1. Overview
2. Motivation
3. SI1
4. ADescriptiveProfileofSpecialisation
5. SI2&SI3
6. IsSpecialisationConsistentwithAAinDomesticorMarketWork?
7. NextSteps
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Appendix1:LFS&HWSforSI1Appendix2:LFS&HWSforSI2&SI3Appendix3:SpecialisationindicesLF&HW(SI1)Appendix3:EndogeneityofAAMAppendix4:Surveyvs.diarytime-useinformation
𝐿𝐹𝑆↓1 = 𝐿𝐹₁/𝐿𝐹₁ + 𝐿𝐹₂ (I)
𝐻𝑊𝑆↓1 = 𝐻𝑊↓1 /𝐻𝑊↓1 + 𝐻𝑊↓2
(II)
SI 1 = | 𝐿𝐹𝑆↓1 − 𝐻𝑊𝑆↓1 |
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ForSI2,informationisdrawnfromthemalecouplememberMAL,todeterminethefemalepartner’ssupplyshareinthelabour-marketanddomesticwork,asdetailedbelow.
𝐿𝐹𝑆↓𝐹𝐸𝑀 = 𝐿𝐹↓𝐹𝐸𝑀 /𝐿𝐹↓𝐹𝐸𝑀 + 𝐿𝐹↓𝑀𝐴𝐿 𝐻𝑊𝑆↓𝐹𝐸𝑀 = 𝐻𝑊↓𝐹𝐸𝑀 /𝐻𝑊↓𝐹𝐸𝑀 + 𝐻𝑊↓𝑀𝐴𝐿 Similarly,forSI3,viathepartnerwiththelowerhourlywageLO.𝐿𝐹𝑆↓𝐻𝐼 = 𝐿𝐹↓𝐻𝐼 /𝐿𝐹↓𝐻𝐼 + 𝐿𝐹↓𝐿𝑂 𝐻𝑊𝑆↓𝐻𝐼 = 𝐻𝑊↓𝐻𝐼 /𝐻𝑊↓𝐻𝐼 + 𝐻𝑊↓𝐿𝑂
Appendix1:LFS&HWSforSI1Appendix2:LFS&HWSforSI2&SI3Appendix3:SpecialisationindicesLF&HW(SI1)Appendix3:EndogeneityofAAMAppendix4:Surveyvs.diarytime-useinformation
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𝐿𝐹↓𝑆𝐼 1 = | 𝐿𝐹↓1 − 𝐿𝐹↓2 /𝐿𝐹↓1 + 𝐿𝐹↓2 |𝐻𝑊↓𝑆𝐼 1 = | 𝐻𝑊↓1 − 𝐻𝑊↓2 /𝐻𝑊↓1 + 𝐻𝑊↓2 |
SI1
Appendix1:LFS&HWSforSI1Appendix2:LFS&HWSforSI2&SI3Appendix3:SpecialisationindicesLF&HW(SI1)Appendix3:EndogeneityofAAMAppendix4:Surveyvs.diarytime-useinformation
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Issue:• AkeychallengeforthisanalysisistheendogeneityofAAMi.e.
therelativewageofcouplemembers.• AAMispartiallydeterminedbyhumancapitalaccumulation,
whichispartiallydeterminedbychoicesabouttimeuseallocationmadeinearlierperiodsoflife–throughlaboursupply,andeducationdecisions.
Potentialremedies:• Robustnesscheck:regressabsoluteadvantageinearlierperiods
onSI3attimet.
Missingwages:• Missingwagesimputedusingwithin-personmedianhourly
wages.• Repeatanalysisusingcoupleswithonlyonepartnerworking
(thereforeincludingthosewithmissingwages),wheretheworkingpartneristheonewiththeAAM.
Appendix1:LFS&HWSforSI1Appendix2:LFS&HWSforSI2&SI3Appendix3:SpecialisationindicesLF&HW(SI1)Appendix3:EndogeneityofAAMAppendix4:Surveyvs.diarytime-useinformation
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Time-useinputsforbothhouseworkandpaidworkdrawnfromtheself-completion questionnaire in HILDA, asking respondents toclassifyhowmuchtimetheytypicallyspendonarangeofactivitiesper week. For paid work, this relates to time spent in paidemployment, whilst for housework, responses were combined fortime spent completing housework, household errands, outdoortasksandchildcare.
� Todetermine specialisationweare interestedprimarily in typicaltime-allocation,makingsurveyinformationsuitableinthissetting.
� Time-use variables drawn from SCQ which is completedindividually by each adult in the household.This should help toreducetheextenttowhichhouseholdmembersareinfluencedbyeachothersresponses.
Appendix1:LFS&HWSforSI1Appendix2:LFS&HWSforSI2&SI3Appendix3:SpecialisationindicesLF&HW(SI1)Appendix3:EndogeneityofAAMAppendix4:Surveyvs.diarytime-useinformation