Revision Pack
description
Transcript of Revision Pack
![Page 1: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Revision Pack
BSB IGCSE Biology
![Page 2: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
SECTION 4: Ecology and Environments
Term 5/5approx 13 lessons
![Page 3: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Instructions
• You can use the following statements for your revision. They are taken directly from the specification.
• They key terms are also listed. Your revision should enable you to recognise and use these key terms in the test.
![Page 4: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Trigger Words
• Trigger words at the start of the statements give you an idea of what it is that you might be asked to do in an exam question
• You can compare these to the exam glossary that makes up the last two slides of this pack
Important trigger words for IGCSEEasy Trigger Words Hard
Recognise Recall Describe Explain Understand Evaluate
![Page 5: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The organism in the environment
4.1 understand the terms: population, community, habitat and ecosystem
![Page 6: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The organism in the environment
PopulationCommunityHabitatEcosystem
![Page 7: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The organism in the environment
4.2 recall the use of quadrats to estimate the population size of an organism in two different areas
4.3 describe the use of quadrats as a technique for sampling the distribution of organisms in their habitats.
![Page 8: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The organism in the environment
QuadratEstimatePopulation sizeSamplingDistributionHabitats
![Page 9: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Feeding relationships
4.4 recall the names given to different trophic levels to include producers, primary, secondary and tertiary consumers and decomposers
4.5 understand the concepts of food chains, food webs, pyramids of number, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of energy transfer
![Page 10: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Feeding relationshipsTrophic levelProducerPrimary consumerSecondary consumerTertiary consumerDecomposerFood chainsFood websPyramid of numbersPyramid of biomass Pyramids of energy transfer
![Page 11: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Feeding relationships
4.6 understand the transfer of substances and of energy along a food chain
4.7 explain why only about 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next.
![Page 12: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Feeding relationships
Energy transfer Trophic level
![Page 13: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cycles within ecosystems
4.9 describe the stages in the carbon cycle, including respiration, photosynthesis, decomposition and combustion
![Page 14: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cycles within ecosystems
The carbon cycleRespirationPhotosynthesisDecompositionCombustion
![Page 15: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Cycles within ecosystems
4.10 describe the stages in the nitrogen cycle, including the roles of nitrogen fixing bacteria, decomposers, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria (specific names of bacteria are not required).
![Page 16: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cycles within ecosystems
Nitrogen cycleNitrogen fixing bacteriaDecomposersNitrifying bacteria Denitrifying bacteria
![Page 17: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cycles within ecosystems
4.8 describe the stages in the water cycle, including evaporation, transpiration, condensation and precipitation
![Page 18: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cycles within ecosystems
The water cycleEvaporationTranspirationCondensationPrecipitation
![Page 19: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Human influences on the environment
4.12 recall that water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane and CFCs are greenhouse gases
4.13 understand how human activities contribute to greenhouse gases
![Page 20: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Human influences on the environment
Water vapourCarbon dioxideNitrous oxideMethane CFCs Greenhouse gases Human activities
![Page 21: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Human influences on the environment
4.14 understand how an increase in greenhouse gases results in an enhanced greenhouse effect and that this may lead to global warming and its consequences
![Page 22: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Human influences on the environment
Global warmingConsequences
![Page 23: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Human influences on the environment
4.11 understand the biological consequences of pollution of air by sulphur dioxide and by carbon monoxide
4.15 understand the biological consequences of pollution of water by sewage including increases in the number of microorganisms causing depletion of oxygen
![Page 24: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Human influences on the environment
Biological consequencesAir pollution Sulphur dioxideCarbon monoxide Water pollutionSewage Microorganisms Oxygen depletion
![Page 25: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Human influences on the environment
4.16 understand that eutrophication can result from leached minerals from fertiliser
4.17 understand the effects of deforestation, including leaching, soil erosion, disturbance of the water cycle and of the balance in atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide.
![Page 26: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Human influences on the environment
Eutrophication Leached minerals Fertiliser DeforestationSoil erosionDisturbance of the water cycle Atmospheric oxygen Atmospheric carbon dioxide
![Page 27: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Food Production
Fish farming 5.9 explain the methods which are used to farm
large numbers of fish to provide a source of protein, including maintenance of water quality, control of intraspecific and interspecific predation, control of disease, removal of waste products, quality and frequency of feeding and the use of selective breeding.
![Page 28: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Food Production
Fish farming ProteinWater qualityControl Intraspecific predation Interspecific predationControl of diseaseWaste productsFeeding Selective breeding
![Page 29: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Trigger Words Glossary
![Page 30: Revision Pack](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062316/56816708550346895ddb713c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)