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Revision MCQs

1. An individual has adult-onset diabetes. She has high levels ofglucose in the urine and is experiencing a brisk diuresis. Theappearance of glucose in the urine is a conseuence of !hich of

the follo!ing processes in the proxi"al tubule#a. $nhibition of %a&-' &-AT(ase pu"pb. Saturation of the %a&-glucose cotransporterc. Saturation of the %a&-)& antiporterd. Sti"ulation of glucose secretione. Sti"ulation of gl*cogen breakdo!n

+. A h*pertensive patient !as placed on a diuretic to increase urineoutput. This diuretic blocks sodiu" reabsorption in the distalconvoluted tubule. ,hich transporter !ill be blocked b* thisdiuretic#

a. %a&

-glucose cotransporterb. %a&-' &-AT(ase pu"pc. u"inal %a& channelsd. %a&-' &-+Cl- cotransportere. %a&-Cl- cotranspoter

. A /0-*ear-old !o"an presents to *our oce co"plaining oflo!er extre"it* ede"a. 2pon uestioning3 she states that sheeats too "uch salt and is not co"pliant !ith a recentl*prescribed antih*pertensive drug. The investigations revealednor"al renal and cardiac function and venous insucienc* in the

lo!er extre"ities. The 4rst and best treat"ent option for thispatient includes5

a. ifest*le "easures aloneb. ifest*le "easures and support stockingsc. 6iuretic therap* aloned. Support stockings alonee. ifest*le "easures and diuretic therap*

7. A /8 *ear old fe"ale patient has the follo!ing laborator* results5(las"a %a 11+"e9l3 ' .:"e9l3 Cl ;0"e9l3

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8. Calculate the =s"olar >ap in a patient intoxicated !ith Methanol!ith the follo!ing results5 %a? 18 "e9l3

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"e93 Cl ? /+ "e93 bicarbonate ? +1 "e93 (las"aos"olalit* ? +++ "os"ol9'g3 2rine os"olalit* ? @07 "e9kg3urine sodiu" ? /: "e9. ,hat is the "ost probable diagnosis#

a. S$A6)b. (ri"ar* pol*dipsia

c. )*poth*roidis"d. 6iarrheae. Cirrhosis

10. Concerning the phar"acokinetic properties of angiotensin-converting enE*"e inhibitors3 !hich of the follo!ing state"entsis true#

a. Captopril is a prodrugb. isinopril is a prodrugc. Fosinopril has dual renal and biliar*D eli"inationd. isinopril is highl* bound to plas"a proteins

e. The* all undergo hepatic "etabolis"

11. Select the appropriate state"ent describingdih*drop*ridine calciu"-channel blocker use.

a. The* are indicated in the treat"ent of supraventriculartach*cardia

b. The* are contra-indicated in patients !ith asth"ac. The* are absolutel* contra-indicated in pregnant !o"end. Their use "a* be associated !ith reGex tach*cardia and

Gushinge. The* are speci4call* indicated in patients !ith proteinuria

1+. A 78-*ear-old "an is presenting to *our oce for resistanth*pertension. The investigations revealed h*pokale"ia3"etabolic alkalosis3 suppressed plas"a renin activit* and highplas"a and urine aldosterone concentration. The "ost probablediagnosis is5

a. iddleHs s*ndro"eb. icorice ingestionc. Renal arter* stenosisd. o!-renin essential h*pertensione. (ri"ar* h*peraldosteronis"

1. Treat"ent !ith !hich one of the follo!ing antih*pertensivedrugs is "ore freuentl* associated !ith cough#

a. %ifedipineb. Furose"idec. Captorpild. (ropranolole. erapa"il

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17. Select a"ong the follo!ing drug co"binations the one thatis least likel* to cause side eIects.

a. Angiotensin-converting enE*"e inhibitor and calciu"channel blocker

b. Angiotensin-converting enE*"e inhibitor and angiotensin $$receptor antagonistc. Angiotensin-converting enE*"e inhibitor and

spironolactoned.

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a. Cholesterol e"bolib. Malignant h*pertensionc. Chronic infectiond. Acute tubular necrosise. 6iabetes

1;. Focal and seg"ental glo"erulosclerosis is characteriEedb*5

a. Sclerosis of all glo"erulib. (artial sclerosis of a so"e glo"erulic. Kndocapillar* proliferationd. Thin base"ent "e"branee. Ano"alies of the t*pe $ collagen

+0. Treat"ent !ith diuretics "a* be co"plicated b*contraction alkalosis. ,hich of the follo!ing diuretics is "ore

freuentl* associated !ith "etabolic acidosis instead ofalkalosis#

a.

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+7. A 0-*ear-old "an !as found to have h*peraldosteronis". Theinvestigations revealed bilateral adrenal h*perplasia. This patient!ould be treated best !ith5

a. Furose"ideb. Surgical resection of both adrenal glands

c. A"ilorided. ThiaEide diuretic