UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT (Abstract)

UG-Programme in Malayalam under Choice Based Credit Semester System-Scheme &Syllabus-Revised with effect from 2011 admission-approved-Orders Issued. ___________________________________________________________________

GENERAL AND ACADEMIC BRANCH-IV-‘B’ SECTION

No: GAIV/B2/368/09 Dated, Calicut University. P.O., 20.04.2011 Read: 1. U.O GA I /J2/3601/08 Vol. II dated 19-06-2009 2. U.O of even No.dated 25.06.2009 3. Minutes of the meeting of the Board of Studies in Malayalam (UG) held on 17.02.2011, Item No.II 4. Letter dated 06.04.2011 from the Chairman, Board of Studies Malayalam(U.G) 5. Orders of Vice Chancellor in file of even no.dated 16.04.2011

ORDER Choice based Credit Semester System and Grading has been introduced for U.G courses in affiliated colleges in the University with effect from 2009 onwards and regulation for the same implemented vide paper read 1st above.

As per University Order read 2nd above, the syllabus of BA Malayalam programme under Choice based Credit Semester System was implemented with effect from 2009 admission. The Board of Studies in Malayalam (UG) at its meeting held on 19.01.2011 Vide item No.6 resolved to revise the syllabus of B.A Malayalam programme under Choice based Credit Semester System.

The Board of Studies in Malayalam(U.G) at its meeting held on 17.02.2011 vide item number 2 finalised & approved the revised scheme & syllabus of B.A Malayalam Programme under Choice based Credit Semester System to be implemented with effect from 2011 admission vide paper read 3rd above. Vide paper read 4th above, the Board of Studies Chairman Malayalam (U.G) has forwarded the hard & soft copies of the revised scheme& syllabus of BA Malayalam programme under Choice based Credit Semester System to be implemented with effect from 2011 admission. Considering the urgency for implementing the revised syllabus of BA Malayalam programme under Choice based Credit Semester System in affiliated colleges, the Vice Chancellor exercising the powers of Academic Council has approved item number 2 of the minutes of the meeting of the Board of Studies in Malayalam (UG) held on 17.02.2011 subject to ratification by the Academic Council. Sanction has therefore been accorded for implementing the revised syllabus of BA Malayalam Programme under (CCSS) in affiliated colleges of the University with effect from 2011 admission onwards subject to ratification by the Academic Council.

Orders are issued accordingly. The revised syllabus of BA Malayalam (CCSS) is uploaded in the University

website. Sd/-

DEPUTY REGISTRAR (G&A-IV) For REGISTRAR

To The Principals of all Arts and Science Colleges.

Copy to:- CE./ Ex. Section/ DR/AR BA Branch/System Administrator with a request to upload the Same on University website/ GA-I ‘F’ Sn./Library/SF/DF/FC Forwarded/By Order

SECTION OFFICER.

2

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

MALAYALAM B. A DEGREE PROGRAMME

CHOICE BASED CREDIT & SEMESTER SYSTEM

SYLLABUS

2011-12

3

BapJw 2009-˛10 A≤y-b-\-h¿jw apX¬ tImgn-t°mSv k¿Δ-I-em-im-e°v Iogn-ep≈ tImtf-Pp-I-

fnse _ncp-Z-]-T\w Choice Based Credit & Semester (CCSS) -tebv° v amdn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wt√m.

tIc-f-Ønse s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ym-k-cw-KØv GXm- v Hcp hymg-h-´-°mew apºv Xs∂ \S-∏n-em-°nb

]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-cWw D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ym-k-cw-K-tØ°pw hym]n-∏n-t°-- Xv Hcp A\n-hm-cy-X-bm-

bn-cp-∂p. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv tImgn-t°mSv k¿Δ-I-em-ime tImtf-Pp-I-fnse _ncp-Z-]-T\w

ska-ÿh¬°-cn-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv.

sk-a-ÿh¬°-c-W-Øns‚ `mK-ambn ae-bmfw _ncp-Z-tIm-gvkns‚ kne-_ v 2009 ¬

Xs∂ ]p\x-{I-ao-I-cn-®n-´p-- v. 6 ska-Ã-dp-I-fp≈ tImgvkns‚ 4 ska-Ã-dp-Iƒ CXn-\Iw Xs∂

]q¿Øn-bm-bn-´p-ap-- v. 2009 ¬ {]th-i\w t\Snb ae-bmfw _ncp-Z-hn-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ°v, Ah-cpsS

aq∂p-h¿j-tØ-°p≈ kne-_- mWv Xøm-dm-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. 2010 ¬ {]th-i\w t\Snb hnZym¿∞n-

Iƒ°pw CtX kne-_ v Xs∂-bmWv ]n¥p-S¿∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv.

\ne-hn-ep≈ kne-_- n¬ Nne A]m-I-X-I-fp-s- ∂v ]cs° Nq- n-°m-Wn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p.

Nne t]∏-dp-Iƒ Bdp-amkw sIm- v ]Tn-∏n®p Xo¿°m≥ ]‰m-Ø-h-bmWv (DZm: 3˛mw ska-Ã-dnse

tIma¨ tImgvkv ˛ 9). Nne t]∏-dp-Iƒ Bi-b-hy-‡-X- C-√m-Ø-h-bm-sW∂pw ]cmXn Db¿∂n-´p-

- v. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv kne-_- n¬ Nne sNdnb am‰-߃ hcp-Øm≥ ae-bmfw t_m¿Uv

Hm^v ÃUokv (bp. Pn) Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv.

\ne-hn-ep≈ kne-_- n¬ ka-{K-amb Hcp ]cn-jvI-cWw Dt±-in-®n-´n-√. Ct∏mƒ AXns‚

Bh-iy-ap-s- ∂pw tXm∂p-∂n-√. Nne t]∏-dp-I-fnse D≈-S°w hfsc A[n-I-am-sW-∂-Xn-\m¬

Ah Npcp-°n-bn-´p-- v. Nne t]∏-dp-I-fnse saUyp-fp-I-fn¬ hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\mbn Ht∂m ct- m

teJ-\-߃ \n¿t±-in-®n-´p-ap-- v. ska-ÿ 1 se tIm¿ tImgvkns‚ t]∏¿ 1 (`m-jbpw kmln-Xy-

hpw˛ ]T-\-Øns‚ coXn-im-kv{Xw) se D≈-S-°-Øn¬ Imcy-amb am‰w hcp-Øn-bn-´p-- v. 5˛mw ska-

Ã-dn-sebpw 6˛mw ska-Ã-dn-sebpw tImgvkp-I-fp-sSbpw Hm∏¨ tImgvk,v Ce-IvSohv tImgvkv,

tImwπn-sa‚dn tImgvkv XpS-ßn-b-h-bp-sSbpw kne-_- n¬ Hcp am‰hpw hcp-Øn-bn-´n-√. t]∏-dp-I-

fpsS t]cp-I-fnepw am‰-an-√.

t]m-cmbvaIƒ apgp-h≥ ]cn-l-cn®p F∂p Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Ah ASpØ L´-Øn¬

Xncp-Øm-hp-∂-tX-bp-≈q.

2011-˛¬ {]th-i\w t\Sp∂ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Cu kne-_ v _m[-I-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

28-˛02-˛2011

4

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT MALAYALAM B.A. DEGREE PROGRAMME

CHOICE BASED CREDIT & SEMESTER SYSTEM 1. ]co£ Dƒs∏sS 90 {]hrØn Znh-k-ß-fp-ff 6 ska-Ã-dp-IƒsIm- mWv Cu t{]m{Kmw

]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-∂-Xv.

2. 4 Xc-Øn-ep-ff tImgvkp-I-fmWv Cu t{]m{Km-an-ep-f-fXv

A tIma¨ tImgvkv, B. tIm¿ tImgvk,v C. tImwπn-sa‚dn tImgvkv, D.Hm∏¨

tImgvkv

3. F√m tImgvkp-Iƒ°pw-IqSn 120 s{IUn-‰m-Wp-f-fXv

4. 5˛mw ska-Ã-dnse Hm∏¨ tImgvkn\v 3 hnj-b-ß-fmWv \n¿t±-in-®n-´p-f-f-Xv. Hmtcm tImtf-

Pn\pw Xm¬]-cy-ap-ff hnjbw sXc-s™-Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu tImgvkp-Iƒ ae-bmf

`mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw sF—nI-ambn FSpØv ]Tn-°p∂ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v th- n-bp-f-f-X-

√.

5. 6-˛mw ska-Ã-dnse tIm¿ tImgvknse 15-˛masØ tImgvkv Ce-IvSohv tImgvkm-Wv. 3 hnj-b-

߃ \n¿t±-in-®n-´p-- v. Hmtcm tImtf-Pn\pw Xm¬]-cy-ap-ff hnjbw sXc-s™-Sp-

°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

6. 5, 6 ska-Ã-dp-I-fn-embn tImgvkv h¿°v/t{]mPIvSv h¿°v \n¿t±-in-®n-´p-- v. 2 aWn-

°q¿hoXw CXn-\p-th- n \o°n-sh-®n-´p- v. 6˛masØ ska-Ã-dn-emWv {]h¿Ø\w ]q¿Øn-

bm°n ka¿∏n-t°-- -Xv.

7. tImgvkv h¿°v/t{]mPIvSv h¿°ns‚ `mK-ambn sNøm-hp∂ {]h¿Ø-\-߃:

a) 25 ^pƒ kvIm∏n¬ Hcp {]_‘w Xøm-dm-°pI

b) Hcp t\mh-¬/sNdp-IYm kam-lmcw/IhnXm kam-lmcw/\mSIw/Xnc-°Y/kmln-Xy-]-

T\w Xøm-dm°n ka¿∏n-°p-I.

c) Ac-a-Wn-°q¿ ssZ¿Ly-ap-ff Hcp tUmIyp-sa‚dn/{lkz-Nn{Xw \n¿Ωn-°pI (So-aw-K-߃

7 t]cn¬ IqS-cp-Xv).

8. aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øns‚ 75% FgpØp ]co-£bpw 25% Ct‚-W¬ A kvvsa‚pw Bbn-cn-°pw.

9. ]co-£bv°v 4 Xcw tNmZy-߃ D- m-Ipw.

(a) Objective Type, (b) Short Answer, (c) Short Essay, (d) Long Essay

10. Assk≥sa‚v, sSÃv t]∏¿ (Np-cp-ßn-bXv 2 FÆw), lmP¿, skan-\m¿ F∂nh ASn-ÿm-

\-am-°n-bmWv Ct‚-W¬ A kvsa‚v. kne-_- ns‚ A¿∞-]q¿Æ-amb hn\n-a-b-Øn\v

skan-\mdpw Assk≥sa‚pw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

*************

5

B.A. MALAYALAM DEGREEPROGRAMME CURRICULUM

Core Course o kz¥w `mj-tbmSpw kwkvIm-c-tØmSpw ⁄m\-hy-h-ÿ-tbmSpw Dff Xm¬]cyw kmln-

Xym-kzm-Z-\-Øn-eqsS hnI-kn-∏n-°¬

o ae-bmf `mj, kmln-Xyw, kwkvImcw F∂n-hsb hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂-Xn\v Bh-iy-amb

kmwkvIm-cnI ]T-\-Øns‚ coXn-im-kv{Xhpw kn≤m-¥hpw kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-S¬.

o ae-bm-f-`m-jbv°pw kmln-Xy-Øn\pw Ime-L-´-ß-fn-eqsS kw`-hn® ]cn-Wm-a-ßsf

kmwkvIm-cnI ]cn-t{]-£y-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°¬.

o tIc-f-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cnI hyXn-cn-‡-X-Isf Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\pw A`n-e-j-Wo-b-amb

coXn-bn¬ ]p\¿ \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ff tijn ssIh-cn-°¬.

o kuμ-cy-im-kv{X-kn-≤m-¥-ßsf kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-S¬

o ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS hymI-c-W-\n-b-a-߃ a\- n-em-°¬

o B[p-\n-I-`m-jm-im-kv{X-Øns‚ kmam-\y-k-¶¬∏-߃ ]cn-N-bn-°¬

o emwtKzPv em_ns\ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn ssk≤m-¥n-Ihpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb `mjm-]-

T\w

o ae-bmf kmlnXy hna¿i-\-Øns‚ Ncn-{Xhpw thdn´ hgn-Ifpw hna¿i-\m-fl-I-ambn hne-

bn-cp-ج

o KZy-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ hgn-Ifpw cq]-ssh-hn-[yhpw a\- n-em-°¬

o Zriy-˛-{im-hy-˛-A-®Sn am[yaßsf B{i-bn-®p-ff `mjm-hy-h-lm-c-߃ ]cn-N-b-s∏-S¬

o Ie-I-fpsS cq]-s∏-S¬, hnImkw F∂n-h-bpsS Ncn-{X-{]-Xy-b-imkv{X ]cn-k-c-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp-

ff [mcW cq]-s∏-S¬.

o ]T\bm{X-I-fn-eqsS tIc-f-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cnI ap{Z-Isf t\cn´p ]cn-N-b-s∏-S¬.

Complementary Course

o t-I-c-f-Øns‚ Ncn{X L´-ßfpw kmwkvIm-chpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-S¬

o B[p-\nI tIc-f-Øns‚ cq]o-I-cWw a\- n-em-°¬

o Ncn{X cN-\-bpsS kn≤m-¥-ßfpw k¶¬]-t`-Z-ßfpw Dƒs°mff¬

o \mtSmSn hn⁄m-\hpw {KmaoW kwkvIr-Xnbpw Dƒs°mff¬.

Open Course

o kmln-Xy-]-T-\sØ ka-Im-enI {]k-‡n-tb-dp-∂, sXmgn¬ km[yX h¿≤n-∏n-°p∂ a‰p

Iem-ta-J-e-I-fp-ambpw ssh⁄m-\nI taJ-e-I-fp-ambpw _‘n-∏n®v ]Tn-°¬

*****************

6

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT MALAYALAM B.A. DEGREE PROGRAMME 

CHOICE BASED CREDIT & SEMESTER SYSTEM 

Sem Code No. Course Title Insti/ hrs/

week Credi

t Exam Hrs.

Marks Total CreditInt Ext

I MA1A07(1) MA1B01 MA1C01

Common Course (English) Common Course (English) Common Course 7 k¿Km-flI cN-\bpw

Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-ti-jnbpw Core Course 1 `mjbpw kmln-

Xyhpw

]T\-Øns‚ coXn-imkv{Xw

1st Complementary (kwkvIr-Xw) IInd Complementary t-I-c-f-]-T\w˛BZy-Ime tIcfw

4 5 4 6 3 3

3 3 4 4 2 2

3 3 3 3 3 3

25%

75%

18

II MA2A08(01) MA2B02 MA2C02

Common Course (English) Common Course (English) Common Course 8 hnh¿Ø-\hpw Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bhpw

Core Course II IYm-km-lnXyw Ist Complementary (kwkvIr-Xw)

IInd Complementary tIc-f-]-T-\w˛a-[yIme tIcfw

4 5 4 6 3 3

4 4 4 4 2 2

3 3 3 3 3 3

25%

75%

20

III MA3A09(01) MA3B03

MA3B04

MA3C03

Common Course (English) Common Course 9 ae-bm-f-

km-lnXyw Core Course III am[y-a-]-T\w Core Course IV \mSIw Ist Complementary (kwkvIr-Xw)

IInd Complementary tIc-f-]-T-\w˛ A[n-\n-thiIme

tIcfw

5 5 5 4 3 3

4 4 4 4 2 2

3 3 3 3 3 3

25%

75%

20

IV MA4A10(01) MA4B05 MA4B06 MA4C04

Common Course (English) Common Course 10 kwkv°m-chpw \mK-I-cn-I-Xbpw Core Course V ae-bmf IhnX˛ ]q¿Δ-L´w

Core Course VI `mjm imkv{Xhpw

`mjm-N-cn-{Xhpw Ist Complementary (kwkvIr-Xw)

IInd Complementary tIc-f-]-T-\w ˛ B[p-\n-I

-tI-cfw

5 5 5 4 3 3

4 4 4 4 2 2

3 3 3 3 3 3

25%

75%

20

7V MA5B07

MA5B08 MA5B09 MA5B10 MA5D01 MA5D02 MA5D03

Core Course VII -hymI-cWw Core Course VIII ae-bm-f- Ihn-X-˛-

\-thm-∞m-\-L´w Core Course IX kmlnXy kn≤m-¥-߃

Core Course X KZy-km-lnXyw Open Course 1 \mS-I-]-T\w kv{Xo]-T\w

Ne-®n-{X-]-T\w

Course Work/Project Work

5 5 5

5 3 2

4 4 4

4 4 -

3 3 3

3 3

25%

75%

20

VI MA6B11 MA6B12 MA6B13 MA6B14 MA6B15(E)01 MA6B15(E)02 MA6B15(E)03 MA6B16(Pr)

Core Course XI - \mtSm-Sn-

hn-⁄m-\obw

Core Course XII ae-bm-f- Ihn-X--˛D-

Ø-c-L´w Core Course XIII ae-bmf kmln-

Xy-hn-a¿i\w Core Course XIV tI-c-fo-b-cw-K-I-e-Iƒ

Elective ssk_¿ ae-bmfw hnh¿Ø\w

\h-kw-kvImc ]T-\-߃ Course Work/Project Work

5 5 5 5 3 2

4 4 4 4 2 4

3 3 3 3 3

25%

75%

22

B.COM DEGREE PROGRAMME

Sem Code No. Course Title Insti/ hrs/ week

Credit Exam Hrs.

Marks Total CreditInt Ext

I MA1A07(02) Common Course 7 k¿Km-flI cN-\bpw

Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-ti-jnbpw

5

4

3

25%

75%

II MA2A09(02) Common Course 9 ae-bmf kmlnXy ]cn-Nbw

5

4

3

B.SC DEGREE PROGRAMME (IN OTHER PATTERN)

Sem Code No. Course Title Insti/ hrs/

week Credit

Exam

Hrs.

Marks Total CreditInt Ext

I

MA1A07(03)

Common Course 7 k¿Km-flI cN-\bpw

Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-ti-jnbpw

5

4

3

25% 75%

II MA2A09(03) Common Course 9 aebm-f-km-ln-Xy-]-T\w

5

4

3

8

Code. MA1A07(01)

ska-ÿ˛ I tIma¨ tImg-kv-˛7

k¿§m-fl-I-c-N-\bpw Bi-b-hn-\n-ab tijnbpw ]T-\-k-abw : 72 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃:

k¿§mflI Ign-hp-Isf hnI-kn-∏n-°p-I, kmlnXy IrXn-Iƒ Bkz-Zn-°p-hm-\p-ff tijn hf¿Øp-

I. Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-tijn hf¿Øp-I.

hnhn[ kmlnXy cq]-ß-fpsS cN-\m-X-{¥-߃ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-ØpI

cN-\m-ti-jnsb hn]p-e-am-°m≥ klm-bn°pw hn[w hnhn[ kmln-Xy-cq-]-ßsf°pdn-®p-ff

Adnhpw

Ah-t_m-[hpw \¬Ip-I.

\ΩpsS ImesØ Zriy- -̨{im-hy-˛-B-ib hn\n-a-tbm-]m-[n-Iƒ ^e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥

{]m]vX-cm-°p-I.

samUyqƒ 1: Fgp-Øns‚ kmam\y \nb-a-߃

a) sNdp-I-Y, Ihn-X, t\mh¬, \mS-Iw, Xnc-°Y F∂o kmln-Xy-cq-]-߃, hnhn-[-Xcw Fgp-Øp-I-

fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ F∂nh ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpI

b) {]apJ Fgp-Øp-Im¿ Xß-fpsS cN-\-I-sf-°p-dn®p \S-Ønb \nco-£-W-߃ hmbn-°p-I.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v:

k¿K-km-lnXn

Hcp IY P\n-°p∂p (Im-Yn-Is‚ ]Wn-∏p-c) -˛ Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥\m-b¿

Fs‚ IhnX ˛ sshtem-∏n-ffn

(ssh-tem-∏n-ffn kºq¿W-Ir-Xn-Iƒ, hmfyw-˛2)

Fs‚ ]Wn-∏pc (C-S-t»-cn-bpsS {]_-‘-߃) ˛ CS-t»cn

cwK-{]-km-[\w ˛ Hcp Ie ˛ (\m-S-I-Z¿i\w) ˛ Pn. i¶-c-∏n-ff

IY-bn¬\n∂v Xnc-°-Y-bn-te°v ˛B¿.-hn.-Fw. Znhm-I-c≥ (`m-jm-t]m-jnWn 2006 s^{_p-h-cn)

(Hcp IY P\n-°p-∂p, Fs‚ ]Wn-∏p-c, cwK-{]-km-[\w Hcp Ie, IY-bn¬ \n∂v Xnc-°-Y-bn-te°v

F∂o teJ-\-ß-fmWv Cu ska-Ã-dn¬ ]Tn-t°-- -Xv.)

samUyqƒ 2: cN\m ]cnioe\w

a. ^o®¿ ssd‰nßv (td-Un-tbm, Sn.-hn., ]{Xw XpS-ßnb hnhn[ am[y-a-ß-fn-te-°p-ff ^o®-dp-

Iƒ Xøm-dm-°p-∂-hn-[w) eLp-te-J, en‰n¬ amK-kn≥, hmƒ amK-kn≥ F∂nh Xøm-dm-

°¬

9b. hn⁄m-\m-[n-jvTnX ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS kv{In]v‰v, imkv{Xw, kmln-Xyw, Ie, kn\n-a,

kwKo-Xw, kvt]m¿Svkv XpSßn hyXykvX taJ-e-I-fnse hy‡n-I-fp-am-bp-ff A`n-ap-Jw,

Poh-N-cn-{X-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ F∂nh Xøm-dm-°p∂ hn[w.

c. \ne-hn-ep-ff Hcp kmln-Xy-IrXn tdUn-tbm, Sn.-hn. XpS-ßnb hyXykvX am[y-a-ß-fn¬

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ Ah-ew-_n-t°- coXn-Iƒ.

d. ae-bm-f- `m-j-bnse icn-bmb cq]-ßsf ]cn-N-bs∏SpI. D®m-c-Ww, hymI-c-Ww, ]Z-tIm-

iw,

hc-samgn F∂n-h-bn¬ hnhn-[-am-[y-a-cq-]-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-ff ]cn-io-e\w \S-Øp-I.

(ae-bmf `mj-bnse icn-bmb cq]-ßsf ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpI F∂ \n¿t±-i-Øns‚ `mK-ambn

Xmsg sImSp-°p∂ teJ-\-߃ hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\mbn \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p.)

1. D®m-cWw ˛ G. B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

({]-_-‘-kw-{K-lw, tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-A-°m-Z-an)

2. ae-bmf ssien (H∂mw A[ymbw am{Xw) ˛ Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cm¿

(am-Xr-`qan {]kn-≤o-I-c-Ww)

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃:˛

ae-bmf ssien ˛ Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cm¿

kmln-Xy-kmlyw ˛ F.-B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

^o®¿ cN\ ˛ Fw.-]n. kptc-{μ≥ (H-eo-hv)

Zriy `mj ˛ sI.-F-kv. cmP-ti-J-c≥ (tI-cf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

sSen-hn-j≥ tP¿W-enkw ˛ hn. cmP-tKm-]m¬

]{X-`mj ˛ tIcf {] v A°m-Zan

ae-bmfw ssì ]pkvXIw ˛ tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

s-am-Uyqƒ 3: ae-bm-fhpw P\-{]n-b-am-[y-a-ßfpw

P\-{]n-b-kw-kvIm-cw-˛-]-cky cN-\, ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\w, hnhn[ P\-{]nb amkn-I-Iƒ, h\nXm

amkn-I-Iƒ, Btcm-Ky-am-kn-I-Iƒ, Ne-®n{X amkn-I-Iƒ, _me-{]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-߃, h¿Ø-am\

]{X߃, kvt]m¿Svkv amkn-I-Iƒ, F v.-Fw.-F v F∂o `mjm-hy-h-lmc coXn-I-fn¬ {]mtbm-

KnI ]cn-io-e\w t\Sp-I. (hn-hn[ P\-{]nb am[y-a-ß-fnse hn\n-a-b-Øns‚ kz`m-hhpw Fgp-

Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw a\- n-em-°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep-ff ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ \n¿t±-in-°mw.)

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v :

]c-kyhpw D]-t`m-K-Xz-cbpw ˛ kn. Kuco-Zmk≥ \mb¿

(am-[ya ]T-\-߃, Id‚v _pIvkv)

kmln-Xyhpw am[y-a-ßfpw ˛ tUm. jmPn tP°_v

(am-[ya ]T-\-߃, Id‚v _pIvkv)

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃:˛

`mhp-IXzw Ccp-]-Øn-sbm∂mw \q‰m-- n¬ ˛ Pn. a[p-kq-Z-\≥

am[y-a-ßfpw ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw ˛ tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

sSen-hn-j≥ tP¿W-enkw ˛ hn. cmP-tKm-]m¬

10Zriy-`mj ˛ sI.-F-kv. cmP-ti-J-c≥

]{X-temIw ˛ FUn.-Sn. thWp-tKm-]m-e≥

(`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v)

samUyqƒ 4 : ae-bm-fhpw hnh-c-km-t¶-Xn-I-Xbpw

ae-bmf `mj-bpsS D]-tbmKw Iºyq-´-dn¬ (Encoding hyh-ÿ-Iƒ, ASC II, ISC II unicode) - ae-

bmfw tkm^v‰v shb-dp-Iƒ (kn. Um°ns‚ t{]m{Km-ap-Iƒ, cN-\, en]y-¥-cW t{]m{Km-ap-Iƒ,

hnh-c-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ, t^m- p-Iƒ)˛ ssl∏¿ sSIvÃns‚ (Xn-c-sam-gn) {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ˛ ae-bm-f-`mj

C‚¿s\-‰n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈ ]cn-⁄m\w-˛ sh_v ssk‰p-Iƒ, C˛-tP¿W-ep-Iƒ, tªmKp-Iƒ

(_q-tem-Iw, tªmKv kmln-Xyw, {]apJ ae-bmfw tªmKp-Iƒ)˛ sh_v Unssk-\n-ßv, tªmKv

\n¿Ωm-Ww F∂n-h-bn¬ ]cn-⁄m\w ({]m-tbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\w \n¿_-‘-an-√) ˛ ae-bmfw sh_v

I- ‚v \n¿ΩnXn (a-e-bmfw hn°n-]o-Un-b-tbbpw A\p-_‘ kwcw-`-ß-sfbpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-I)

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

1) ae-bmfw Iºyq-´n-ßv ˛ Ncn-{XmhtemI\w ˛tUm. atljv awK-em´v

2) ae-bmfw sh_vssk-‰p-Iƒ ˛tSmw. sP. aßm´v

3) Xnc-samgn ˛]n. ]n. cma-N-{μ≥

4) ae-bm-◊-bnse tªmKp-Imew ˛ cmPv \o´n-bØv

(\mep teJ-\-ßfpw "ssk_¿ ae-bmfw' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ \n∂v

FUn. kp\oX Sn. hn, Id‚v _pIvkv, Xriq¿)

5) hn°n-]o-Unb ˛ P\-Iob hn⁄m-\-tImiw

6) sh_vam-K-kn-\p-Iƒ

( c- p teJ-\-ßfpw "C\n hmb\ C˛ hmb\'F∂ hn. sI. BZ¿ins‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬

\n∂v, Un.-kn. _pIvkv, sF. Sn. kocn-kv)

7) {]Zqc At\z-jWw ˛sI. cho-{μ≥

("hn-h-c-ti-J-cWw C‚¿s\‰n¬', Un.kn. _pIvkv, sF. Sn. kocn-kv)

8) ae-bmfw bqWn-tImUv ssS∏nßv

9) kzX{¥ bqWn-tImUv ssS∏nßv

(c- p teJ-\-ßfpw "Fßs\ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ tªmKmw' F∂ ]n. Fw. _m_p-cm-Pns‚

]pkvX-I-Øn¬ \n∂.v Un. kn. _pIvkv, sF. Sn. kocnkv)

(a-e-bm-fw Iºyq-´n-ßv˛ Ncn-{XmhtemI-\w, Xnc-sam-gn, sh_vam-K-kn-\p-Iƒ, aebmfw bqWn-tImUv

ssS∏nßv F∂o teJ-\-ß-fmWv Cu ska-Ã-dn¬ ]Tn-t°-- -Xv.)

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃:˛

C≥t^m¿ta-j≥ sSIvt\m-fPn ˛ tUm. ANypXv i¶¿ F v.-\m-b¿

(tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v)

B temIw apX¬ C˛-tem-Iw-hsc ˛ tUm. sP.-hn. hnf-\new

(tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn‰yq´v)

C‚¿s\‰pw C≥^¿ta-j≥ hnπ-hhpw ˛ tUm. _n. CIv_m¬, sI. cho-{μ≥

(Un.-kn. _pIvkv)

ssk_¿ ae-bmfw ˛ FUn. kp\oX Sn.-hn. Id‚v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿

C≥^¿ta-j≥ sSIvt\m-fPn F¥v, Fßns\ ˛ tUm. _n. CIv_m¬, sI. cho-{μ≥,

F¥n\v? Id‚v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿

*******************

11

Code. MA2A08(01)

ska-ÿ˛ II tImg-kv-˛8

hnh¿Ø-\hpw Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bhpw ]T-\-k-abw : 72 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃:

hnZym¿∞n-bpsS `mjm-ti-jnbpw kmln-Xy-`m-hp-I-Xzhpw hnkvXr-Xhpw kº-∂-hp-am-°p-I.

hnh¿Ø\-Øns‚ XmØzn-I-h-i-߃ a\- n-em-°p-I, {]mtbm-KnI hi-߃ ]cn-io-en-°p-I.

samUyqƒ ˛1

hnh¿Ø-\w˛ \n¿h-N\w, s]mXp-X-Øz-߃, hnh¿Ø-\-co-Xn-Iƒ ˛ ]Zm-\p-]Z hnh¿Ø\w, kzX-

{¥-hn-h¿Ø-\w, hymJym-\w, ]cm-h¿Ø-\w, en]y-¥-cWw, hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ kmwK-Xyw, hnh¿Ø-

\-Øn-eqsS km[n-°p∂ kmwkvIm-cnI [¿Ωw

hnh¿Ø-\hpw kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zybpw

b{¥-X¿÷-a, B\n-ta-j≥, X¿÷-a-bpw C‚¿s\-‰pw, b{¥-X¿÷-a-bpsS km[y-X-Ifpw ]cn-an-Xn-

Ifpw

hnhn-[-Xcw hnh¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ

1. kmlnXyw

2. kmln-tXy-Xcw

3. aoUn-b-{Sm≥kvtej≥

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v:

"hnh¿Ø-\w' ˛ tIc-fm-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v. ˛ Cu ]pkvX-I-Ønse F≥. hn. IrjvW hmcy-cpsS

Ah-Xm-cn-I.

samUyqƒ 2

hnh¿Ø-\-Ønse {][m\ kao-]-\-co-Xn-I-fpw hnh¿Ø-\Øn¬ D¤-hn-°p∂ {]iv\-ßfpw a\-

 n-em-°p-I, hnh¿Ø\ coXn-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpI F∂n-h-bmWv Cu samUyqƒsIm- v Dt±-in-°p-

∂-Xv.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v:

hnh¿Ø\ Nn¥-Iƒ (te-J\ kam-lm-cw)

A{]m-]y-amb Hcp hnXm\w ˛ sI.]n. i¶c≥

Imhy hnh¿Ø-\w-˛-Nne \nco-£-W-߃ ˛ tZi-aw-Kew cma-Ir-jvW≥

hnh¿Ø-\-£-aX ---˛ tUm. {]t_m-[-N-{μ≥ \mb¿

IYm-hn-h¿Ø\w˛-Nne kao-]-\-߃ ˛ hn.-Un. IrjvW≥ \ºym¿

]mThpw ]mcm-b-Whpw ˛ Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿ (km-ln-Xy-temIw 99 sabv

Pq¨ e°w, kmlnXy A°m-U-an, Xr»q¿)

(A{]m-]y-amb Hcp hnXm\w, Imhy hnh¿Ø\w ˛ Nne \nco-£-W-߃, hnh¿Ø-\-\-£-aX,

IYm-hn-h¿Ø\w ˛ Nne kao-]-\-߃ F∂o-te-J-\-ß-fmWv Cu ska-Ã-dn¬ ]Tn-t°-- -Xv.)

12{]tbm-K-am-XrI (hn-h¿Ø\Ønse khn-ti- j-X-Iƒ Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Is- -Øm≥

\n¿t±in°-Ww.)

hm\-ºmSn (ssh-tem-∏n-f-fn) ˛ Ode to the Skylark (Shelly)

Cμp-te-J-bpsS H∂m-a-≤ymbw ˛ W. Dumergue, C.S- s‚ Cw•ojv ]cn-`mj

(am-Xr-`qan {]kn-≤o-I-c-Ww)

KoXm-RvPen: PnbpsS hnh¿Ø\w ˛ Cw•ojv hnh¿Ø\w

`P\w ]qP\amcm-[-\bpw Leave this chanting and singing and km[-\bpw tl \n¿ØpI kmt[m telling of beads ........................................................ ........................................................

tNcp th¿s∏mgpIs´ -˛ Meet him and stand by him in toil and

(Pn-bpsS Ihn-X-Iƒ, Un.-kn. _pIvkv, 1999) ˛ Sweat of thy brow (Collected poems and

Plays of Rabindranath Tagore, Macmillan,

1967)

kzman hnth-Im-μs‚ Nn°mtKm {]kwKw ˛ Address at the Final Session (27 Sept. 1893)

kam-]\ ktΩ-f-\-Ønse {]kwKw Advaita Ashrama (Publication Department)

(1893 sk]vXw-_¿ 27) Kolkata

{iocm--a-IrjvW aTw, ]pd-\m-´p-I-c, Xr»q¿ -

{]hm-N-I≥ ˛ Jeo¬ Pn{_m≥ Bcw`w apX¬ Prophet-Kahilil Gibran

""Ch-sb√mw D®-cn-°-s∏´ hm°p-I-fm-sW-¶nepw These things he said in words. But much in

Dcn-bm-SmØ hN-\-ß-fm¬ lrZbw \n`r-X-am- heart remained unsaid. For he himself could

bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ AKm[ \nKq-V-X-Iƒ Bhn-jv not speak his deeper secret- F∂-Xp-h-sc.

°-cn-°p-hm≥ Ah\v Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n√'' F∂p (Greatest works of Kahlil Gibran, Jaico

hsc-bp-ff `mKw (J-eo¬ Pn{_m≥ IrXn-Iƒ, Publishing House, Bombay).

t]Pv 471-˛473, Un.-kn. _pIvkv, tIm´-bw)

samUyqƒ 3

Cw•o-jn¬\n∂v ae-bm-f-Øn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXv ]cn-io-en-°pI

o ]Z-߃

o hmIy-߃

o ssien-Iƒ

o ]gw sNm√pIƒ

o ]c-ky-߃

o {]i-kvX-cpsS {]kw-K-߃

o teJ-\-߃ (km-lnXy imkv{X am\-hnI hnj-b-߃)

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v:

imkv{X-˛-km-t¶-XnI {KŸ-߃˛ s{]m^. kn. sI. aq Xv

("hn-h¿Ø\w' tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

samUyqƒ 4:

Cw•o-jn¬\n∂v ae-bm-f-Øn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXv ]cn-io-en-°pI

o ]Z-߃

o hmIy-߃

13o ssien-Iƒ

o ]gs©m√pIƒ

o ]c-ky-߃

o {]i-kvX-cpsS {]kw-K-߃

o teJ-\-߃

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v:

X¿÷-a-bn¬ hcm-hp∂ A]m-I-X-Iƒ -˛ s{]m^. hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xncn

("hn-h¿Ø\w' tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃

1. X¿÷a: kn≤m-¥hpw {]tbm-Khpw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ (FUn: Pbm-kp-Ip-am-c≥ & kvIdnb

k°-dn-b)

2. hnh¿Ø\ ]T-\- kn≤m-¥-߃ ˛ Xm]-kw, 2006, hmeyw 1.4

3. hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ `mjm-im-kv{X-`q-anI ˛tUm. hn.-B¿. {]t_m-[-N-{μ≥, tIcf

`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v

4. hnh¿Ø\w ˛ Hcp kwLw teJ-I¿ (tI-cf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

5. X¿÷p-a-bpsS Xmt°m¬ ˛ kn.-hn. hmkp-tZh `´-Xn-cn, kvssI _p°v ]ªn-tjgvkv,

amth-en°c

6. hnh¿Ø\ hnNmcw ˛ tUm. F≥.C. hniz-\mY Aø¿

(tI-cf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

Assk≥sa‚v

o k¿§mflIhpw ssh⁄m-\n-I-hp-amb GsX-¶nepw IrXn-I-fpsS / ]T-\-ß-fpsS hnh¿Ø-

\w-˛-Cw-•o-jn¬\n∂v ae-bm-f-Øn-tet°m ae-bm-f-Øn¬ \n∂v Cw•o-jn-tet°m

o GsX-¶nepw hnh¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS aqe-Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp-ff Xmc-Xayw

o imkv{-X-km-t¶-XnI ]Z-߃°v XØp-ey-amb ae-bmf ]Z-߃ Is- -ØpI

o Cw•ojv kn\n-abv°v ae-bmfw k_vssS-‰n-ep-Iƒ Fgp-XpI

o ae-bmf kn\n-abv°v Cw•ojv k_vssS-‰n-ep-Iƒ Fgp-Xp-I.

********

Code. MA3A09(01)

ska-ÿ˛ III tImg-kv-˛9

ae-bmf kmlnXyw

]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃

ae-bmf kmln-XysØ kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw kmln-Xy-Øn¬ Xm¬]cyw

P\n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI

hyXykvX kmlnXy cq]-߃, {]ÿm-\-߃ F∂n-hsb hnZym¿∞n°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-

Øp-Ibpw kmln-Xym-kzm-Z-\-tijn hf¿Øp-Ibpw sNøpI

ka-Im-eo\ kmlnXy kn≤m-¥-ß-sf-°p-dn®v kmam-\y-]-cn-Nbw D- m-°p-I.

samUyqƒ 1

ae-bmf Ihn-X-sb-°p-dn®v kmam-\y-amb Adnhv e`n-°p∂ ]mT-`m-K-ß-fmWv Cu `mKØv \n¿t±-

in-°p-∂-Xv. CXn-lm-kw, alm-Im-hyw, JWvU-Im-hyw, `mh-KoXn F∂o kmln-Xy-cq-]-ß-sf-°p-

dn®pw {]ÿm-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw ]cnNb-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m- mbn-cn-°Ww hni-Z-]-T\w \S-tØ-- -Xv.

14F) sNdp-t»-cn, Fgp-Ø-—≥, Ip©≥ \ºym¿, ]q¥m-\w, cma-]p-cØv hmcy¿, DÆmbn

hmcy¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS cN-\m-co-Xn-Isf kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpØn Xmsg ]d-bp∂ Ihn-Xm-

`m-K-߃ hni-Z-ambn ]Tn-°p-I.

1. tKmh¿≤-t\m-≤m-cWw (Ir-jvW-Km-Y) ˛ sNdp-t»cn

Xs∂-bp-h∂p-tff--msc√m-cp-an-ß-s\.....

.............. B\-μ-Km\w XpS-ßn-\m-t\....)

2. Km‘m-co-hn-em]w (kv{Xo-]¿Δw) ˛ Fgp-Ø-—≥

3. I√ym-W-ku-K-‘nIw ˛ Ip©≥ \ºym¿

AXp-I-- p-l-\p-am-\p-a-Xp-ew.......

............ hoWp-h-Wßn ]Zm-t¥..........)

_n) Bim≥, Df-fq¿, hf-f-tØmƒ F∂n-h-cpsS cN-\-Iƒ kmln-Xy-N-cn-{X-Øn-ep-- m-°nb

`mhp-I-Xz-hy-Xn-bm\w Xncn-®-dn-bp-I. Ch-cpsS Hcp JWvU-Im-hytam Ihn-Xm-`m-Ktam hni-Z-ambn

]Tn-°p-Ibpw A°m-e-sØ-gp-Xnb a‰p Ihn-I-fpsS cN-\-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-I.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

NWvUm-e-`n-£pIn (c-- mw-J-WvUw) ˛ Ipam-c-\m-im≥

ae-tI-d¬ (X-]vX-lr-Z-bw) ˛ Df-fq¿

Hc tXmWn-bm{X ˛ hf-f-tØmƒ

kn) \thm-∞m-\-Im-eØpw AXn-\p-ti-j-hp-ap-ff IhnXmNcn{Xw kmam-\y-ambn a\- n-em-°p-I.

]pXnb Ihn-X-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ a\- n-em-°p-I. Bdp Ihn-X-I-fpsS kam-lm-cØn¬

aqs∂Æw hni-Z-ambn ]Tn-°p-I.

.1 k¿∏-°mSv ˛ sshtem-∏n-ffn

2. Idp-Ø-sN-´n-®n-Iƒ ˛ CS-t»cn

3. _m°n-h-√-Xp-apt- m ˛ F≥.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-b¿

4. ]mhw am\-h-lr-Zbw ˛ kpK-X-Ip-amcn

5. amº-g-°mew ˛ ]n.-]n. cma-N-{μ≥

6. Ae-™p-Xn-cn-bp∂ IhnX ˛ d^o°v Al-ΩZv

(C-S-t»-cn, F≥. hn. IrjvW-hm-cy¿, ]n. ]n. cma-N-{μ≥ F∂n-h-cpsS Ihn-X-I-fmWv Cu ska-Ã-

dn¬

]Tn-t°-- -Xv)

samUyqƒ 2

ae-bmf kmlnXy Ncn-{Xw, hnIm-kw, ]cn-Wmaw F∂nh kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. 6

IY-I-fn¬\n∂v 3 FÆw hni-Z-ambn ]Tn-°-Ww. Hcp t\mhepw hni-Z-ambn ]Tn-°-Ww.

sNdp-IY

1. ssSK¿ ˛ _jo¿

2. Hcp \{km-Wn-bp-hmhpw Kufn-im-kv{Xhpw ˛ k°-dnb

153. hf¿Øp-ar-K-߃ ˛ Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb¿

4. aq∂m-a-sXmcmƒ ˛ ap- q¿ IrjvW≥Ip´n

5. LSn-Im-c-߃ \ne-bv°p∂ kabw ˛ kp`m-jvN-{μ≥

6. taml-a™v ˛ sI.-B¿. aoc

(_jo¿, ap- q¿ IrjvW≥Ip-´n, kp`mjv N{μ≥ F∂n-h-cpsS IY-I-fmWv Cu ska-Ã-dn¬

]Tn-t°-- -Xv)

t\mh¬

hr≤-k-Z\w ˛ Sn.-hn. sIm®p_mh

samUyqƒ 3

F. KZy-km-ln-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v kmam\y ]cn-Nbw D- m-°-Ww. D]-\ym-kw, hna¿i-\w, kmln-

Xy-

kw-kvImc ]T-\-߃ apX-emb taJ-e-I-fn¬\n-∂p-ff 6 teJ-\-ß-fn¬ 2 FÆw hni-Z-ambn

]Tn-°-Ww.

1. [¿Ω-cmP (ssZ-h-\o-Xn°v Zm£n-Wy-an-√) ˛ sI. `mkvI-c≥ \mb¿

2. ac-°p-cnipw hnip≤ inc pw ˛ sI.-]n. A∏≥

(sI.-]n. A∏s‚ sXc-s™-SpØ teJ-\-߃ hmfyw-˛1)

3. A`n-cp-Nn-Isf Zcn-{Z-am-°p∂ hyh-kmb kwkvImcw -˛ Fw.-F≥. hnP-b≥

(h¿Æ-ß-fpsS kwKo-Xw)

4. kmln-Xy-hnZy (km-ln-Xy-hn-Zy) ˛ Ip´n-IrjvW amcm¿

5. Imhy-tl-Xp-°ƒ ˛ Fw.-sI. km\p

(Im-hy-XØz {]th-in-I) Un.-kn. _pIvkv

6. Zn hm°¿ (th-dn´ ImgvN-Iƒ) ˛ hn.-sI. {iocm-a≥

(Ip-´n-Ir-jvW-am-cm¿, Fw. sI. km\p F∂n-h-cpsS teJ-\-ß-fmWv Cu ska-Ã-dn¬ ]Tn-t°-- -Xv)

samUyqƒ ˛4

\mS-Iw, Xnc-°Y F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v kmam-\y-]-cn-Nbw D- m-°Ww. Cu taJ-e-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈

c- p-

Ir-Xn-Iƒ \n¿t±-in-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

1. k_¿aXn Zqsc-bmWv (G-Im¶ \mS-Iw) ˛ Pn. i¶-c-∏n-ff

2. ImgvN (Xn-c-°-Y) ˛ ª n

***********

Code. MA4A10(01)

ska-ÿ˛ IV

tImg-kv-˛10

kwkvIm-chpw \mK-cn-I-Xbpw

]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃

16tIc-f-kw-kvIm-c-Øn\v Du∂¬ \¬In-s°m- v C¥y≥ kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw \mK-cn-I-X-bp-

sSbpw ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ kwkvIm-c-sØbpw \mK-cn-I-X-sbbpw Ipdn-®p-ff {][m\ hkvXp-X-Ifpw

kao-]-\-co-Xn-Ifpw hnZym¿∞n-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

kwkvIm-c-sØbpw \mK-cn-I-X-sbbpw Ipdn-®p-ff k¶¬]-\-߃ a\- n-em-°pI

C¥y≥ kwkvIm-c-sØbpw \mK-cn-I-X-sbbpw Ipdn®v a\- n-em-°p-I. hna¿i-\m-fl-I-ambn kao-]n-

°p-hm-\p-ff Ignhv hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°pI

tIc-f-Øns‚ kwkvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn®pw \mK-cn-I-X-sb-Ip-dn®pw kmam-\y-amb Adn-hp-- m-°p-I.

samUyqƒ 1

{]Ir-Xnbpw kwkvIm-c-hpw, kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ Bhn-jv°m-c-߃, kwkvImc ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-tSbpw

]cn-Wm-a-Øn-s‚bpw L´-߃ ˛ hn`-P-\w-˛-hn-`-P-\-Øns‚ am\-Z-WvU-߃, kmwkvIm-cnI cq]-ß-

fpsS BZm\ {]Zm-\-߃, imkv{Xhpw kwkvImc-hpw, kwkvIm-chpw \mK-cn-I-X-bpw, \mK-cn-I-

Xbpw \K-c-h¬°-c-W-hpw, kwkvIm-chpw B[p-\n-I-X-bpw-˛-kw-kvImcw Hcp {]{Inb F∂

\nebv°pw D¬]-∂-sa∂ \ne-bv°pw, kwkvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn-®p-ff hnhn[ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ-˛-h-tc-Wy-

kw-kvIm-chpw P\-Iob kwkvIm-c-hpw-˛-sXmgnemfn h¿§ kwkvIm-cw-˛-km-am\y kwkvIm-cw-˛-kw-

kvImc hyh-km-bw-˛-kw-kvIm-chpw BtKm-fo-I-cWhpw˛-hn-h-c-ß-fpsS {]hm-lw, kwkvIm-c-Øns‚

hmWn-Py-h¬°-c-Ww.

samUyqƒ 2

C¥y≥ kwkvIm-cw-˛-hn-hn[ kao-]-\-߃-˛-sImtfmWn-b¬, km{am-Py-Xz, anj-\dn kao-]-\-߃-˛-

Hm-dn-b‚-en-Ãp-I-fp-sSbpw tZio-b-hm-Zn-I-fp-sSbpw kzman hnth-Im-\-μ≥, Ac-hnμvtLmjv, cho-{μ-

\mY SmtKm¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-cp-sSbpw `mc-Xob kwkvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn-®p-ff \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ, aX-\n-c-

t]£ kao-]-\-߃-˛-{_m-“-W-ta-[m-hn-Ø-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb {]t£m-`-W-ßfpw ZfnXv apt∂-‰-ß-fpw.

taml≥P-Zm-tcm-˛-lm-c-∏≥ kwkvIm-cw-˛-ssP-\n-kw-˛-_p-≤n-kw-˛-C-h-bpsS kmaq-ly-{]-k-‡n, apKf

cmP-kw-`m-h-\-˛-`‡n {]ÿm-\w, Iebpw kmln-Xy-hpw-˛-{_n-´ojv A[n-\n-th-ihpw kmwkvIm-cnI

kzm[o-\-hpw, kmap-Zm-bnI aX ]cn-jvI-cW {]ÿm-\-߃, Km‘n-Pn-bpsS {Kma-kz-cm-Pv, C¥y≥

aX-\n-c-t]-£-X-sb-°p-dn-®p-ff s\lvdp-hns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ.

samUyqƒ 3

{Zmhn-U-kw-kvIm-cw-˛-tI-c-f-Ønse {]mMv Ncn{X kaq-lhpw kwkvIm-chpw tIc-f-Øns‚ `q{]-Ir-

Xn-bp-sSbpw Bhmk hyh-ÿ-bp-sSbpw kzm[o\w kwkvIm-c-Øn¬, ss{Xh¿ÆnI kwkvIm-cw-˛-

hn-hn[ aX-ßfpw tIcf kwkvIm-chpw (C-…mw-˛-{In-kvXy≥-˛-_p-≤-˛-ssP\ apX-em-b-h) ae-bmf

kmln-Xyw-˛-cm-a-N-cn-X-Im-c≥, IÆ-i≥, sNdp-t»-cn, Fgp-Ø-—≥, Ip©≥\-ºym¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS

kw`m-h-\-Iƒ-˛-`mjm hnIm-kw-˛-\m-S≥I-e-Ifpw ¢mkn-°¬ Ie-I-fpw-˛-a-e-bmf KZy-km-ln-Xy-

Øns‚ hf¿®.

samUyqƒ 4

kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-cW {]ÿm-\-߃-˛-]-{X-am-knI {]h¿Ø-\-߃-˛-tZ-iob {]ÿm-\w˛ tZiob

{]ÿm-\-Øns‚ kzm[o\w ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn¬-˛-sFIytI-cf {]ÿm-\w, tIcf cq]o-I-c-Ww,

Im¿jnI ]cn-jn-I-c-Ww, tIcf hnI-k\ amXr-I, km£-cXm {]h¿Ø-\w, A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{μo-I-

cW {]h¿Ø-\-߃, B[p-\nI hnZym-`ym-kw, BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-hpw tIc-f-hpw-˛-\-h-km-aq-ly-{]-

ÿm-\-߃-˛-tI-c-fhpw {]hm-kn-I-fpw.

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃:

17kwkvImc ]T\w: Ncn-{Xw, kn≤m-¥w, {]tbmKw ˛ ae-bmf ]T\w kwLw,

Id‚v

_pIvkv, tIm´-bw.

P\-{]nb kwkvIm-cw-˛-N-cn-{Xhpw kn≤m-¥hpw ˛ jmPn tP°-_v, amXr-`qan _pIvkv,

tImgn-t°mSv

tIcf Ncn{Xw ˛ cmP≥ Kpcp-°ƒ, cmL-h-hm-cn-b¿

(hf-f-tØmƒ hnZym-]o-Tw, FS-∏mƒ)

tIcf kwkvImcw ˛ F. {io[-c-ta-t\m≥

tIcf Ncn{Xw ˛ F. {io[-c-ta-t\m≥

tIc-f-Øns‚ C∂-se-Iƒ ˛ sI.-F≥. KtWjv

tIc-fo-b-X-˛-N-cn-{X-am-\-߃ ˛ Fw.-B¿. cmL-h-hm-cn-b¿

lnμp kzcmPv ˛ alm-flm-Km‘n

C¥ysb Is- -ج ˛ Ph-l¿em¬ s\lvdp

C¥y≥ tZio-b-X-bpsS kmaqly ]›m-Øew ˛ F.-B¿. tZimbn (`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v)

tIc-f-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cnI Ncn{Xw ˛ ]n.-sI. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥

a[y-Ime tIc-fw-˛-k-º-Øv, kaq-lw, kwkvImcw ˛ Fw.-B¿. cmL-h-hm-cy¿

(Nn¥ ]ªn-tj-gvkv)

kwkvIm-chpw tZio-b-Xbpw ˛ tUm. sI.-F≥. ]Wn-°¿

Id‚v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿

tZio-b-Xbpw kmln-Xyhpw ˛ C.-hn. cma-Ir-jvW≥, Un.-kn.

_pIvkv,

tIm´bw

ka-\z-bhpw kwL¿jhpw ˛ hn. Ac-hn-μm-£≥, Nn¥ ]ªn-

tjgvkv

Culture - Raymond Williams

Composite Culture in a Multi Cultural Society - Ed: Bipin Chandra & Sucheta Mahajan

The idea of Culture - Terry Eagleton

Interpreting Early India - Romila Thapar

Culture and Civilisation of India - D.D. Kosambi

Ancient Indian Social History - Romila Thapar

************

18

Code. MA1A07(02)

ska-ÿ˛ I tIma¨ tImg-kv-˛7

ae-bmf kmlnXy ]cn-Nbw

k¿§m-flI cN-\bpw Bib hn\n-a-b-ti-jn-bpw

]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃

hmWnPy imkv{X hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v kmln-Xy-]-chpw kmln-tXy-X-c-hp-amb Bi-b-hn-\n-ab coXn-

Iƒ

]cn-N-bs∏-SpØn Ahsc Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øn\v {]m]vX-cm-°p-I.

k¿§m-flI cN-\-I-fn¬ Xm¬]cyw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-I. teJ-\w-˛-IØv F∂nh Fgp-Xp-hm\pw

X¿÷-a-Iƒ \n¿Δ-ln-°p-hm-\p-ff ]cn-io-e\w \¬IpI

hmWnPy imkv{X-]-c-amb Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-tijn h¿≤n-∏n-°p-I.

samUyqƒ 1: kvac-W-Iƒ

(B-sd-Æ-Øn¬ \mseÆw ]Tn-®m¬ aXn)

\mS-I-Øn\p ]n∂nse \mSIw (I¿a-hn-]m-Iw) ˛ hn.-Sn. `´-Xn-cn-∏mSv

\nd-IpSw (Po-hn-X-∏m-X) ˛ sNdp-ImSv

hntZ-im-\p-`-h-߃ (Hm¿Øm¬ hnkva-bw) ˛ Iem-a-WvUew sslZ-cen

Abn-Ø-Øn-s\-Xnsc (Fs‚ Pohn-X-I-Y) ˛ F.-sI.-Pn.

B a\p-jy≥ \o Xs∂ (C-h≥ Fs‚ {]nb kn.-sP)˛ tdmkn tXmakv

AºXv cq] iº-f-ap-ff DtZym-K-ÿ≥ ˛ Fw.-sI.-sI. \mb¿

(B-tcmSpw ]cn-`-h-an-√m-sX)

(Cu ska-Ã-dn¬ hn.-Sn. `´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv, sNdp-Im-Sv, F.-sI.-Pn,- tdmkn tXmakv F∂n-h-cpsS cN-\-

IfmWv ]Tn-t°-- -Xv).

samUyqƒ 2: hnNm-c-km-lnXn (te-J\ kam-lm-cw)

(B-sd-Æ-Øn¬ \mseÆw ]Tn-®m¬ aXn)

ae-bmfw ad-°p-∂-h¿ (In-fn-hm-Xn-en-eq-sS) ˛ Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb¿

kv{Xo {]mXn-\n-[yhpw kmaq-ly-]p-tcm-K-Xn-bpw ˛ Aa¿Xym-sk≥, tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

2004

(hnIk\w Xs∂ kzmX-{¥yw)

ASp-°f Xncn-®p-]n-Sn-°pI ˛ kmdm-tPm-k^v

tIc-fo-b-Xbpw kn\n-a-bpsS ]cn-N-c-Whpw ˛ Pn.-]n. cma-N-{μ≥, NBS tIm´-bw, 1998

(kn\n-abpw ae-bm-fn-bpsS Pohn-X-hpw)

^mkn-k-Øns‚ a\:imkv{Xw ˛ Fw.-]n. hotc-{μ-Ip-am¿

(_p-≤s‚ Nncn)

Ie-bnse kztZin {]ÿm-\hpw ]p\-cp-≤m-c-Whpw ˛ hnP-b-Ip-am¿ tat\m≥

19(`m-c-Xo-b-Ie 20-˛mw \q‰m-- n¬)

(Cu ska-Ã-dn¬ Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb¿, kmdm-tPm-k-^v, Pn.-]n. cma-N-{μ≥, hnP-bvIp-am¿

tat\m≥ F∂n-h-cpsS teJ-\-ß-fmWv ]Tn-t°-- -Xv).

samUyqƒ 3:

F) hmWn-Py-°-Øp-Iƒ

1. hmWn-Py-]-c-amb hnhn[ Fgp-Øp-I-fpsS kz`mhw

2. hnhn-[-Xcw IØp-I-fpsS amXrI (Hu-tZym-Kn-Iw)

3. ]c-ky-`mj (Z¿Lm-kp-Iƒ, Adn-bn-∏p-Iƒ, Fkv.-Fw.-F-kv., a‰p-]-c-ky-߃)

4. _nkn-\ v tP¿W-enkw (hn-hn[ B\p-Im-en-I-ßsf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-ØWw. Ah-bnse

`mjbpw ssienbpw a\- n-em-°-Ww)

_n) ae-bm-fhpw hnh-c-km-t¶-Xn-IXbpw

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v:

1. "C\n hmb\ C˛-hm-b-\' ˛ hn. sI. BZ¿iv (C\n hmb\ C˛ hmb\ F∂ ]pkvX-I-

Ønse teJ-\w, Un. kn. _pIvkv, sF. Sn koco--kv)

2. ae-bmfw sh_vssk-‰p-Iƒ-˛-tSmw. sP. aßm´v

("ssk-_¿ ae-bmfw' ˛ FUn. Sn. hn. kp\oX , Id‚v _pIvkv, Xriq¿)

klm-bI {KŸ-߃

hmWn-Py-]-c-amb IØn-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ 12-˛mw A[ymbw hsc (tI-cf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

samUyqƒ 4: hnh¿Ø\w

hnh¿Ø-\w- -̨\n¿Δ-N-\-߃-˛-t{km-X-`mj (Source of Language) e£y-`mj (Target Language)

hnh¿Ø-\-Øn-eq-sS-bp-ff Bi-b-hn-\n-abw ˛]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw km[y-X-I-fpw-˛-hn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚

{]m[m-\yw-˛-km-lnXy hnh¿Ø-\-Ønse {]iv\-߃-˛-im-kv{X-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS hnh¿Ø-\-Ønse

{]tXyI {]iv\-߃-˛-{]-kw-K-]-cn-`m-j-˛-]-{Xw, tdUn-tbm, sSen-hn-j≥ XpS-ßnb _lp-P\ am[y-a-

߃°p-th-- n-bp-ff hnh¿Ø-\-Øn¬ {i≤n-t°- Imcy-߃-˛-]-c-ky-߃, HutZym-KnI

dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ, IØn-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS hnh¿Ø-\w. b{¥-hn-h¿Ø\w (Mechine

Translation) en]y-¥-c-Ww (Transliteration) hnh¿Ø\ ]p\:krjvSn (Transcreation) F∂n-h-sb-

°p-dn-®p-ff kmam-\y-]-cn-Nbw (hn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ hnhn-[-X-e-ßsf DZm-l-c-W-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw

{]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-tØ- XmWv).

klm-bI {KŸ-߃

1. X¿÷a: kn≤m-¥hpw {]tbm-Khpw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ (F-Un) Pbm-kp-Ip-am-c≥ &

kvIdnb k°-dn-b)

2. hnh¿Ø\ ]T\ kn≤m-¥-߃ ˛ Xm]-kw, 2006, hmeyw 1.4

3. hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ `mjm-im-kv{X-`q-anI ˛ tUm.-hn.-B¿. {]t_m-[-N-{μ≥

tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

4. hnh¿Ø\w ˛ Hcp kwLw teJ-I¿

(tI-cf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

5. X¿÷p-a-bpsS Xmt°m¬ ˛ kn.-hn. hmkp-tZh `´-Xncn

20kvssI _p°v ]ªn-tj-gvkv, amth-en-°c

6. hnh¿Ø\ hnNmcw ˛ tUm. F≥.-C. hniz-\mY

Aø¿

(tI-cf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

7. `mjbpw ]cn-`m-jbpw ˛ Fw.-]n. kZm-in-h≥

(tI-cf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

***************

Code. MA2A09(02)

ska-ÿ˛ II tIma¨ tImg-kv-˛9

ae-bmf kmlnXy ]cn-Nbw

]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

Dt±iye-£y-߃

ae-bmf `mj, kmlnXyw kwkvImcw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v s]mXp[m-c-W-Iƒ cp]-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

`mj-bnse hnhn[ kmln-Xy-cq-]-߃ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-ØpI

k¿§m-flI cN-\-bn-te¿s∏-Sm-\p-ff hnZym¿∞n-bpsS tijn h¿≤n-∏n-°pI

samUyqƒ 1: IY-Iƒ

(Bdv IY-I-fn¬ \mseÆw ]Tn-°-Ww)

Bcm-[\ ˛ Ddq_v

lmbv, F¥p-c-k-ap-ff Ifn-Iƒ ˛ AIv_¿ I°-´n¬

Xcn-ip-\new ˛ am[-hn-°p´n

£pc-ky-[mc ˛ kn.-hn. {iocm-a≥

hnhm-l-∏n-t‰∂v ˛ hn.-sI.-F≥

U¬ln 1981 ˛ Fw. apIp-μ≥

(Cu ska-Ã-dn¬ Ddq-_v, am[-hn-°p-´n, hn.-sI.F≥., apIp-μ≥ F∂n-h-cpsS IY-I-fmWv ]Tn-t°-- -

Xv).

samUyqƒ 2: IhnX-Iƒ

(Bdv IhnXI-fn¬ \mseÆw ]Tn-°-Ww)

Fs‚ `mj ˛ hf-f-tØmƒ

Du™men¬ ˛ sshtem-∏n-ffn

\nanjw ˛ Pn. i¶c-°p-dp∏v

am™p-a-d™ ]q°mew ˛ ]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥ \mb¿

ag-°mew ˛ A≥h¿ Aen

arKin£-I≥ ˛ hnP-b-e£van

(Cu ska-Ã-dn¬ hf-f-tØmƒ, sshtem-∏n-f-fn, ]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥\m-b¿, A≥h¿ Aen F∂n-h-

cpsS Ihn-X-I-fmWv ]Tn-t°-- -Xv)

21samUyqƒ 3: t\mh¬

thcp-Iƒ ˛ ae-bm-‰q¿ cma-Ir-jvW≥

samUyqƒ 4: Xnc-°Y/\mSIw

s]cp-h-gn-b-ºew (Xn-c-°-Y) ˛ ]Zva-cm-P≥

************

Code. MA1A07(03) ska-ÿ˛ I

tIma¨ tImg-kv-˛7

ae-bmf kmln-Xy-]-T\w

k¿§m-flI cN-\bpw Bib hn\n-a-b-ti-jnbpw

]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

Dt±iye-£y-߃

]c-º-cm-K-X-a-√mØ t{]m{Km-ap-Iƒ°v ]Tn-°p∂ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v kmln-Xy-˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI

taJ-e-bn¬ Xm¬]cyw hf¿Øp-I.

hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-tijn h¿≤n-∏n-°pI

imkv{X-hn-j-b-߃ amXr-`m-j-bn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p-ff Ign-hp-- m-°pI

hnh¿Ø-\-Øn-\p-ff _me]mT߃ ]Tn-°p-I.

samUyqƒ 1: ssh⁄m-\nI kmlnXy cN\

ae-bm-f-Øn¬ hnI-kn-®p-sIm- ncn-°p∂ Hcp kmln-Xy-im-J-bmWv imkv{X-km-ln-Xyw. imkv{X

kmt¶-XnI hnZy-Iƒ \nXy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ sNep-Øp∂ kzm[o\w hºn-®-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm- v

Xs∂ imkv{X Imcy-߃ efn-X-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p-ff Ignhv imkv{X-hn-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ°v

D- m-th- Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. AØcw cN-\-I-fpsS {]iv\-ßfpw {]tXy-I-X-Ifpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-

Øp-I-bmWv Cu samUyq-fns‚ e£yw.

ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ssh⁄m-\nI kmln-Xy-Øns‚ ÿm\w, ssh⁄m-\nI kmln-Xy-Øn\pw k¿Km-

flI kmln-Xy-Øn\pw Dff hyXym-k-߃ -˛-ssh-⁄m-\nI kmln-Xy-c-N-\-bpsS {]iv\-߃-˛-`m-

j-˛-ssi-en-˛-km-t¶-XnI ]Z-߃-˛-{]-Xn-]m-Z\ coXn-bpsS {]m[m\yw. imkv{X-hn-j-b-߃ k¿Km-

flI cN-\bv°v hnj-b-am-°p-tºmƒ D- m-Ip∂ {]iv\-߃.

samUyqƒ 2: imkv{X-km-lnXn (imkv{X teJ-\-ß-fpsS kam-lm-cw)

1. Nne-¥n-he ˛ sI. `mkv°-c≥ \mb¿

2. BcpsSbmWo `qan ˛ B¿.-hn.-Pn. tat\m≥

3. \mt\m-sS-Ivt\m-f-Pn-s°mcmapJw ˛ Sn. {]Zo]v

(Ip™p-I-W-߃°v hk-¥w) Un.-kn. _pIvkv, tIm´bw

4. hwi-ß-fpsS AXn-Po-h\w ˛ Poh≥ tPm_v tXmakv

(hn-izm-k-Øns‚ ico-c-im-kv{Xw) Un.-kn. _pIvkv, tIm´bw

5. Pem-h-Imiw: `c-W-Iq-Sw, Itºm-fw, kaq-lw-˛-h-μ\ inh, amXr-`qan _pIvkv, tImgn-t°mSv

(Pe-bp-≤-߃)

(sI. `mkvI-c≥ \mb¿, B¿.-hn.-Pn. tat\m≥, Sn. {]Zo-]v, hμ-\-inh F∂n-h-cpsS teJ-\-

ß- fmWv Cu ska-Ã-dn¬ ]Tn-t°-- -Xv).

samUyq-ƒ 3: Hcp imkv{X-⁄s‚ Poh-N-cn{Xw

22bqdn-K-Km-dn≥ ˛ kn.-Pn. im¥-Ip-am¿

tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv, Xr»q¿

samUyq-ƒ 4: hnh¿Ø\w

hnh¿Ø-\w- -̨\n¿Δ-N-\-߃-˛-t{km-X-`mj (Source of Language) e£y-`mj (Target Language)

hnh¿Ø-\-Øn-eq-sS-bp-ff Bi-b-hn-\n-abw ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw km[y-X-I-fpw-˛-hn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ {]m[m-

\yw-˛-km-lnXy hnh¿Ø-\-Ønse {]iv\-߃-˛-im-kv{X-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS hnh¿Ø-\-Ønse {]tXyI

{]iv\-߃-˛-{]-kw-K-]-cn-`m-j-˛-]-{Xw, tdUn-tbm, sSen-hn-j≥ XpS-ßnb _lp-P\ am[y-a-߃°p-

th-- n-bp-ff hnh¿Ø-\-Øn¬ {i≤n-t°- Imcy-߃ ˛ ]c-ky-߃, HutZym-KnI Adn-bn-∏p-Iƒ,

IØn-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS hnh¿Ø-\w. b{¥-hn-h¿Ø\w (Mechine Translation) en]y-¥-

cWw (Transliteraton) hnh¿Ø\ ]p\:krjvSn (Transcreation) F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®p-ff kmam-\y-]-

cn-Nbw (hn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ hnhn[ Xe-ßsf DZm-l-c-W-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-

eq-sSbpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-tØ-- -Xm-Wv.)

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

1. imkv{X hn⁄m-\-]-T-\-Øn\v C˛ hmb\ ˛ hn. sI. BZ¿iv

("C\n hmb\ C˛-hm-b-\' ˛ Un. kn. _pIvkv, sF. Sn. kocnkv)

2. imkv{Xw, aXw, aqey-kr-jvSn, hnZym-`ymkw (hn-Zym-`ymkw k¿§-fl-I Pohn-X-Øn\v ˛

FUn.sUbv¬ Fw. _tY≥˛ Cu ]pkvX-I-Ønse teJ-\w, {]km: imkv{X-km-ln-Xy-]-cn-j-

Øv)

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃:

1. X¿÷a: kn≤m-¥hpw {]tbm-Khpw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ (F-Un. Pbm-kp-Ip-am-c≥ &

kvIdnb k°-dn-b)

2. hnh¿Ø\ ]T\ kn≤m-¥-߃ ˛ Xm]-kw, 2006, hmeyw 14

3. hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ `mjm-im-kv{X-`q-anI ˛ tUm. hn.-B¿. {]t_m-[-N-{μ≥

tI-cf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

4. hnh¿Ø\w ˛ Hcp kwLw teJ-I¿

(tI-cf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

5. X¿÷p-a-bpsS Xmt°m¬ ˛ kn.-hn. hmkp-tZh `´-Xncn

kvssI _p°v ]ªn-tjgvkv amth-

en-°c

6. hnh¿Ø-\-hn-Nmcw ˛ tUm. F≥.-C. hniz-\mY Aø¿

(tI-cf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

**********

Code. MA2A09(03)

ska-ÿ˛ II tIma¨ tImg-kv-˛9

ae-bmf kmln-Xy-]-T\w ]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃:

ae-bmf `mj-bnepw kmln-Xy-Ønepw Xmev]cyw hf¿Øp-I, Bkzm-Z-\-tijn hf¿ØpI

ae-bmf `mj, kmln-Xyw, kwkvImcw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v kmam-\y-[m-cW cq]-s∏-Sp-ØpI

hnhn[ kmln-Xy-cq-]-߃ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-ØpI

amXr-`m-j-bpsS sshIm-cn-I-aq-ey-ßfpw km[y-X-Ifpw ]cn-tim-[n-®-dn-bm-\p-ff Ah-k-c-samcp°pI

hnhn[ ssh⁄m-\nI taJ-e-Iƒ kz¥w `mj-bn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°m-\p-ff Ign-hp-- m-°p-I.

k¿Km-fl-I-tijn ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-I.

23samUyqƒ 1: t\mh¬

BSp-Po-hnXw ˛ _\ym-an≥ ({Ko≥ _pIvkv, Xr»q¿)

samUyqƒ 2: IYm-k-am-lmcw

(6 IY-I-fn¬ 4 FÆw ]Tn-®m¬ aXn)

sabn¬ dÆ¿ ˛ Fkv.-sI. s]m‰°mSv

PmPz-ey-am\w ˛ {]nb F.-Fkv

h- n-th-j-߃ ˛ sshim-J≥

aI≥ ˛ Sn. ]fl-\m-`≥

tNme-a-c-߃°n-S-bn¬ ˛ hn.-B¿. kp[ojv

s]e-a-dpX ˛ \mcm-b≥

(Cu ska-Ã-dn¬ Fkv.-sI. s]m‰°m-Sv, sshim-J≥, Sn. ]fl-\m-`≥, hn.-B¿. kp[ojv F∂n-h-

cpsS IY-I-fmWv ]Tn-t°-- -Xv).

samUyqƒ 3: \mSIw

A[n-\n-th-i-Øns‚ Bkp-c-h-gn-Iƒ ˛ sI.-Fw. cmL-h≥ \ºym¿

(kzm-X{¥yw Xs∂ Pohn-Xw) ˛ (tI-cf kmlnXy A°m-Z-an)

samUyqƒ 4 : IhnX

]pØ≥ Iehpw Acn-hmfpw ˛ CS-t»cn

************

Code. MA1B01

sk-a-ÿ I

tImgvkv˛ 1

]T\kabw : 108 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

`mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw ˛ ]T-\-Øns‚ coXn-imkv{Xw

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃

kaqlw, kwkv°m-cw, kmln-Xyw, `mj, F∂n-hsb kw_-‘n-®p≈ [mcW hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬

D- m-°p-Ibpw a‰p imkv{X-ß-fpsS ]T-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂p `mjm-km-ln-Xy-]-T-\-Øns‚ coXn-

imkv{Xw Fßs\ hyXy-kvX-am-Ip-∂p-sh∂v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-amWv Cu tImgvkns‚ e£yw

samUyqƒ-˛1

imkv{Xhpw kmaq-ly-im-kv{Xhpw kmln-Xy-hpw˛ imkv{X-]-T-\-hpw kmaq-ly-im-kv{X-]-T-\hpw ,

kmln-Xyhpw kaq-l-hpw, kmln-Xy-hpw Ncn-{X-hpw, kmln-Xy-Øns‚ auen-I-X,

Bkzm-Z\w, [¿a-t_m-[-\w, am\-hn-I-X, aqey-߃, {]Xy-bimkv{Xw F∂n-hsb kw_-‘n®

kmln-Xy-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ

klm-b-I-{KŸ-߃

Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cm¿-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛˛˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛- km-ln-Xy-hnZy

tUm. eoem-hXn Fw ˛˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛˛˛-˛˛ imkv{Xhpw kmln-Xyhpw

24tUm. jmPn-tP-°-_v. Fw.˛˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛˛ t\mhepw Ncn-{X-hpw-˛-t\m-h¬ Ncn-{X-Øns‚ ]mT-t`Zw

Imhp-ºmbn _me-Ir-jvW≥-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛˛˛-˛- im-kv{Xhpw imkv{X-km-ln-Xy-hpw˛ ae-bmfimkv{X-km-ln-

Xy-{]-ÿm\w Hcp ]T\w

tUm. ]n. ]n. cho-{μ≥-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛ kw-kv°m-cw, kmwkv°m-cn-I-hm-Zw, kmwkv°m-cn-I-`u-Xn-I-hmZw

kwkv°m-c-]-T\w

tUm. sI. F≥. ]Wn-°¿-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛- kw-kv°m-chpw tZio-b-Xbpw

samUyqƒ-˛2

`mj˛ \n¿h-N\w, ImgvN∏m-Sp-Iƒ, hy‡n-I-fpsS Bi-b-hy-h-lm-c-am-≤y-a-sa∂ \ne-bnepw kmaq-

ly-amb \n¿ΩnXn F∂-\n-e-bnepw `mj-bpsS \ne-\n¬∏v. `mjm-Nn-”-ßfpw CX-c-Nn-”-hy-h-ÿ-I-

fpw. a\p-jy-`m-j-bp-sSbpw a\p-tjy-X-c-`m-j-bp-sSbpw hyXy-kvX-X-Iƒ, A¿∞-\n¿W-b-t\m-]m-[n-

Iƒ˛ A`n[, e£-W, hyRvP\, enwKw, h¿Æw, PmXn F∂o kmaq-ly-{]-Xn-`m-k-ßfpw `mjbpw,

kmln-Xy-`m-jbpw kmln-tXyXc-`m-j-bpw˛ Ae-¶mcw, hrØw F∂n-h-bn-eqsS cq]-s∏-Sp∂

kmln-Xy-`m-j-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

klm-bI-{K-Ÿ-߃

tUm. NmØ-\mØv ANyp-X-\p-Æn-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛Im-hy-Nn¥

tUm.-]n. sI. \mc-b-W-]n-≈-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛- -̨˛-˛ssI-c-fo-[z\n

tUm. Djm-\-ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv-̨ -˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛- km-aq-ln-I-`m-jm-imkv{Xw

tUm. sI. Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cy¿-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛- B-[p-\n-I-`m-jm-imkv{Xw

tUm. ]n. Fw. Knco-jv-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛ -B-Nm-c-`mj

˛˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛˛˛˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛˛ `mjbpw A[n-Im-chpw

tUm. Fw. Fkv. tamt\m≥ ˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛˛˛-˛˛ ]uckvXy-km-ln-Xy Z¿i\w

s\√n-°¬ apc-fo-[-c≥ ˛˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛- km-ln-Xy-kn-≤m-¥-߃

samUyqƒ-˛3

kmln-Xyw-˛-hy-Xy-kvX-Im-gvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ. Bkzm-Z-I≥, Ir-Xn, I¿Ømhv ˛ ]T-\-co-Xn-Iƒ-˛-[¿Ω-hm-Z-]-

cw, a\-»m-kv{X-]cw, kmaq-ly-im-kv{X-]-cw, Poh-N-cn-{X-]-cw, kmln-Xyw kaq-l-Øns‚ {]Xn-^-e-

\-sa-∂-\n-e-bn-epw, {]Xn-\n-[m-\Iw F∂ \ne-bn-epw, kmwkv°m-cn-tIm¬∏-∂-sa∂ \ne-bnepw

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃- -

Fw. ANyp-X≥˛˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛˛˛-˛-˛-˛-˛˛˛ ]m-›m-Xy-km-ln-Xy-Z¿i\w

tUm. sI. Fw. Xc-I≥-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛- ]m-›m-Xy-km-ln-Xy-X-Xz-imkv{Xw

tUm. Fw. eoem-h-Xn-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛ -\-h-X-cwKw

sI. k®n-Zm-\-μ≥ (FUn-‰¿)-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛- -̨ -]p-Xp-I-hnX Hcp N¿® tIc-f-I-hnX 2010

samUyqƒ-˛4

kwkv°mcw ˛ \n¿Δ-N-\w, kwkv°m-c-Øns‚ Bhn-jv°m-c-߃, A[n-\n-thi kwkv°m-cw,

kmwkv°m-cn-Im-[n-\n-th-ihpw {]Xn-tcm-[hpw

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃

tUm. sI. F≥. ]Wn-°¿-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛- kw-kv°m-chpw tZio-b-Xbpw

25jmPn-tP-°_v Fw.-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛- t\m-h¬ Ncn-{X-Øns‚ ]mT-t`Zw

tUm. ]n. ]n. cho-{μ≥-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛ -kw-kv°m-c-]-T\w

kw-kv°m-c-]-T\w -˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛- Hcp-kw-Lw-te-J-I¿-

(ae-bmf ]T-\-kw-Lw, ImeSn, -hn-X-cWw Id‚v

_p°vkv Xr»q¿)

***************

Code. MA2B02

ska-ÿ˛ II tImg-kv-˛2

IYm kmln-Xy-w

]T-\-k-abw : 108 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃:

t\mh¬, sNdp-IYm kmln-Xy-ßsf kw_-‘n®v kmam-\ym-h-t_m[w D- m-°pI

ae-bmf t\mh¬, sNdp-IYm kmln-Xy-Øns‚ hf¿®sb a\- n-em-°pI

ka-Im-eo\ t\mh-en-s‚bpw IY-bp-sSbpw kz`m-h-߃ Xncn-®-dn-bpI

Ncn-{Xhpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb Hcp D¬]-∂-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Cu kmlnXy cq]-ßsf

Dƒs°mffp-I.

samUyqƒ 1:

t\mh¬˛]m-›mXy ]uckvXy \n¿h-N-\-߃-˛-t\m-h¬ apt∂m-Sn-Iƒ hniz-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬-˛-

sdmam≥kp-Ifpw t\msh-√-I-fpw-˛-]m-›m-Xy-km-ln-Xy-Ønse BZy-Ime t\mh-ep-Iƒ-˛-hn-iz-{]-kn-≤-

ß-fmb t\mh-ep-Ifpw t\mh-en-Ãp-I-fpw-˛-hn-t\m-Zhpw hn⁄m-\-hpw-˛-a-\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn, Pohn-Xw

kwkvIm-c-߃ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®p-ff ]pXnb Adn-hp-Iƒ temIw apgp-h≥ ]c-°p-∂Xv t\mh-ep-

I-fn-eqsS. `mc-Xob t\mh-ep-Iƒ-˛-

B-Zy-Ime t\mh-ep-Ifpw t\mh-en-Ãp-I-fpw-˛-t\m-h¬ ae-bm-f-Øn¬-˛-ap-t∂m-Sn-Iƒ-˛-B-ZysØ ae-

bmf t\mh¬-˛-hy-Xy-kvXm-`n-{]m-b-߃-˛19mw \q‰m-- nse t\mh-ep-Iƒ-˛-C-μp-te-Jbpw A\p-I-c-W-

ß-fpw-˛-C-μp-te-J-bpsS Ncn-{X-]-chpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb {]m[m-\yw.

Ncn-{X-t\m-h-ep-Iƒ -˛ kn.-hn. cma≥]n-f-f-bpsS Ncn-{X-t\m-h-ep-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ-˛-{]m-[m-\yw.

X¿÷a t\mh-ep-Iƒ ˛ hniz-km-ln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS X¿÷-a-Iƒ, tSmƒtÃm-bv, hnIvS¿ lyqtKm,

Nmƒkv Un°≥kv, slanMvth XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS IrXn-Itfm cho-{μ-\m-Y-Sm-tKm¿, _¶nw-N-{μ-Nm-

‰¿Pn, Xmcm-i-¶¿ _tμym-]m-[ym-b, ic-®-{μ-Nm-‰m¿Pn, Bim-]q¿Æm-tZhn XpS-ßnb C¥y≥km-

ln-Xy-Im-c-∑m-cpsS t\mh-ep-Itfm BImw.

tIc-fob kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI A¥-co£w {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp∂ t\mh-ep-Iƒ-˛-t\m-h-ep-I-

fn-eq-sS-am{Xw A\m-h-cWw sNø-s∏´, AXp-hsc ]pdw-temIw Adn-bm-Xn-cp∂ Pohn-X-߃-˛-km-[m-

c-W-°m-cp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm\ h¿§-Øn-t‚bpw Pohn-Xw-˛-]p-tcm-K-a-\-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ Bhn¿`m-

hhpw kzm[o-\hpw t\mh-en¬ ˛ t\mh¬ km[m-c-W-°m-cs‚ Iem-cq-]-ambn amdnb kml-Ncyw

XI-gn, tIi-tZ-hv, _jo¿, Fkv.-sI. Ddq_v apØn-cn-tßmSv XpS-ßnb Fgp-Øp-Im¿.

26hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

1. imcZ ˛ N¥p-ta-t\m≥

2. [¿ΩcmP ˛ kn.-hn. cma≥]-ff

3. c- n-S-ßgn ˛ XIgn

samUyqƒ 2:

kmaq-lnI am‰-߃ ˛ hy‡nsb tI{μo-I-cn-®p-sIm- pff ]pXnb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ ˛ a\-»m-kv{X-

Øns‚ kzm[o-\w-˛-hy-‡nbpw kaq-lhpw ˛ s]mcpØ-ßfpw s]mcpØ-t°-Sp-Ifpw ˛ hy‡nbpw

am\-knI {]iv\-ßfpw ˛ `mj-bp-tSbpw cN-\-bp-tSbpw khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ.

cmP-e-£van, Fw.-Sn., am[-hn-°p-´n, sI. kptc-{μ≥, tImhn-e≥, \¥-\m¿, sNdp-Im-Sv, ]md-∏p-d-Øv,

ae-bm-‰q¿ cma-Ir-jvW≥, kn. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥, h’-e, F≥.-]n. apl-ΩZv XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS cN-\-

Iƒ. t\mh-en¬ B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS Bhn¿`m-hhpw kzm[o-\-ßfpw, Bhn-jv°-cW coXn-bn¬ h∂

am‰-߃ ˛ hy‡nbpw kaq-lhpw XΩn-ep-ff s]mcpØ-t°-Sp-Iƒ ˛ hy‡n kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚

{]iv\-߃-˛-im-kv{X-Øns‚ kzm[o-\w-˛-hn-izm-k-Ø-I¿®-Iƒ-˛-aq-ey-Nyq-Xn-Iƒ-˛-A¥¿apJ-Xzw-˛-A-

kvXn-Xz-kw-_-‘n-bmb {]iv\-߃-˛-cm-jv{Sob k¶¬]-ß-fn¬h∂ am‰w-˛-kz-]v\-ß-fpsS \jvSw-˛-

{]-Xo-£-I-fpsS ssItam-iw-˛-am-\-knI hn{`m-¥n-Iƒ, Bi-b-°p-g-∏-߃/A\y-h¬°-c-Ww.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

Ac-\m-gn-I-t\cw ˛ ]md-∏p-dØv

am‰mØn ˛ kmdm-tPm-k^v

klm-b-{K-Ÿ-߃

t\mh¬ kmlnXyw ˛ Fw.-]n. t]mƒ

t\mh¬ kmlnXy Ncn{Xw ˛ s{]m^. sI.-Fw. Xc-I≥

ae-bmf t\mh¬ 19-˛mw \q‰m-- n¬ ˛ tUm. tPm¿÷v Ccp-ºbw

BZy-Ime ae-bmf t\mh¬ ˛ s{]m^. Xpº-a¨ tXmakv

Ncn-{X-t\m-h¬ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ I¬∏‰ _me-Ir-jvW≥

kn.-hn. Ncn{XmJym-bn-I-I-fn-eqsS ˛ Fw.-sI. IrjvW≥

{]Xn-]m{Xw `mj-W-t`Zw ˛ F≥. IrjvW-]n-ff

ssZh \oXn°p Zm£nWyan√ ˛ tUm. sI. `mkvI-c≥\m-b¿

t\mh¬ \Ωp-tSXpw Ah-cp-tSXpw ˛ Pn.-F≥. ]Wn-°¿

t\mhepw cmjv{So-bhpw ˛ F.-Fw. hmkp-tZ-h≥ ]nff

samUyqƒ 3

sNdp-I-Y-˛-\n¿Δ-N-\-߃ hni-Zo-I-c-W-߃-˛-hn-iz-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬-˛-]m-›m-Xy-kmln-Xy-Ønse

sNdp-I-YIƒ ˛ hniz-{]-kn-≤-cmb sNdp-I-Ym-Ir-Øp-°ƒ-˛-sN-dp-I-Y-sb∂ kmlnXy cq]-Øns‚

hf¿®-˛

-bq-tdm-]y≥ `mj-I-fn¬-˛-em-‰n-\-ta-cn-°≥-˛-B-{^n-°≥ `mj-I-fn¬-˛-a-\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS kq£va-km-

£m¬°m-c-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ sNdp-I-Y-bpsS ÿm\w.

sNdp-IY `mc-Xob `mj-I-fn¬-˛-h-f¿®-˛-sN-dp-IY ae-bm-f-Øn¬-˛-ssh-tZ-in-I-kzm-[o\w BZy-Im-e-

sN-dp-I-Y-Iƒ˛]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\w-˛-]-{X-am-kn-I-I-fpsS {]Nm-cw-˛-A-\p-I-c-W-߃-˛-tI-c-fo-bm-¥-co-£-

Øn¬ \S-Ønb ]p\:krjvSn, BZy-I-Ym-Im-c≥ ˛-BZy sNdp-I-Y-˛19-˛mw \q‰m-- ns‚ Ah-km-\w.

27Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-- ns‚ XpS°w ˛ 1930-˛-I-tfmsS cq]-s∏´ \ho-I-c-W-Øns‚ h‡m-°-fmbn h∂

XI-gn, tZhv, _jo¿, Ddq-_v, s]m≥Ip∂w h¿°n, Imcq¿, hn.-Sn., Fw.-B¿.-_n., efn-Xmw-_nI

A¥¿P-\w, sI. kc-kz-Xn-bΩ F∂n-h-cpsS IY-Iƒ ˛ bYm-X-Y-k-t¶-Xw-˛-km-[m-c-W-a-\p-jy-cpsS

{]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmb IYm-]m-{X-߃, kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-]-›m-Ø-ew-˛-tI-cfØnse CS-Xp-]£

cmjv{Sob kzm[o-\w-˛-{]-Xyb imkv{X-]-c-amb kzm[o-\w-˛-]p-tcm-K-a\ kmln-Xy-Øns‚ {]`m-h-

Imew sNdp-I-Y-bpsS aWvU-e-Øn¬ hcp-Ønb am‰-߃.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

hmk-\m-hn-IrXn ˛ tIkcn thß-bn¬ Ip™n-cm-a≥ \mb-\m¿

ac-∏m-h-Iƒ ˛ Imcq¿

a\p-jy-]p{Xn ˛ efn-Xmw-_nI A¥¿P\w

samUyqƒ-˛4

F) sNdp-I-Y-bn¬ h∂ `mhp-IXz ]cn-Wm-a-߃-˛1950-I-tfmsS IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS am\-knI temI-

ßsf Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂ coXn Dcp-Øn-cn-bp-∂p. hy‡n-bpsS kmaq-ln-I-kzXzw Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-∂-

Xn¬\n∂p amdn B¥-c-kz-XzsØ Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p {]m[m-\yw, Sn. ]fl-\m-`≥, Fw.-Sn.,

am[-hn-°p-´n, F≥. taml-\≥, tImhn-e≥, \¥-\m¿, ae-bm-‰q¿ cma-Ir-jvW≥ XpS-ßn-b-h¿.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

Ccp-´ns‚ Bflmhv ˛ Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥\m-b¿

]£n-bpsS aWw ˛ am[-hn-°p´n

sN´n-∏q-°ƒ ˛ tImhn-e≥

_n) B[p\n-IXm {]ÿm-\w-˛-]p-Xnb `mhp-IXzw ˛bm-Ym¿∞ysØ A]-cn-NnXh¬°-cn-°p-I-˛-B-

[p-\n-IXm {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ cN-\m-X-{¥w-˛-hy-XykvX BJym\ coXn-Iƒ-˛-bq-tdm-∏nse AkvXn-Xz-

hm-Zw, iq\y-Xm-hmZw apX-emb Bi-b-K-Xn-I-fpsS kzm[o-\w-˛(-km¿{Xv, Im^vI, Iayp F∂n-h-cpsS

Z¿i-\-ß-tfm-Sp-ff ASp-∏w)-˛-]-c-º-cm-K-X-amb BJym-\-co-Xn-Isf XI¿°p∂ coXn Ah-ew-_n-

°¬-˛-Fw.-]n. \mcm-b-W-∏n-f-f, H.-hn. hnP-b≥, Fw. apIp-μ≥, ]fl-cm-P≥, tkXp, ]p\-Øn¬

Ip™-_vZp-f-f, hn.-sI.-F≥., Im°-\m-S≥, k°-dn-b, B\-μv, kn.-hn. {iocm-a≥, ]´-Øp-hnf Icp-

Wm-I-c≥ XpS-ßnb IYm-Ir-Øp-°ƒ

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

{]]-©-Øns‚ Ah-in-jvS-߃ ˛ k°-dnb

apcp-I≥ F∂ ]mºm´n ˛ Fw.-]n. \mcm-b-W-∏n-ff

e©v ˛ hn.-sI.-F≥.

kn) sNdp-I-Y-bpsS ka-Im-enI apJw ˛ Fgp-]-Xp-I-fpsS XpS-°-Øn¬ B[p-\n-IXm {]ÿm-\-

Øns‚ hgn-I-tfmSv Htc kabw ASp-∏hpw AI-ehpw ]pe¿Øn Fgp-Xn-b-h¿ ˛]m-c-Un, ]mTm-¥-c-

_-‘w, arKIY-I-fp-sSbpw sFXnlyßfpsSbpw LS-\-˛-B-Jym\cq]-߃-˛-B-[p-\n-I-X-bvs°-Xn-

sc-bp-ff Ielw ˛ ]pXnb `mhp-I-Xz-Øns‚ At\z-jWw ˛ kv{Xohm-Zw, ]mcn-ÿn-X-Im-h-t_m-[w,

{]m¥-h¬°-cn-s∏-´-h-cpsS kzXzm-hn-jvIm-cw, BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ {]mtZ-in-I-X-

bpsS {]Xn-tcm-[w ˛ kmaq-lnI Pm{K-X, kq£a cmjv{Sob ss\Xn-I-[m-cW

28F≥. Fkv. am[-h≥, F≥ {]`m-I-c≥, kn. hn. _me-Ir-jvW≥, hn. ]n. inh-Ip-am¿, sshim-

J≥, AIv_¿ I°-´n-¬, Atim-I≥ sNcp-hn¬, sI. ]n. \n¿a¬ Ipam¿, t{Kkn, taXn¬ cm[m-Ir-

jvW≥, inlm-_p-±o≥ s]mbvØpw-I-S-hv, hn. B¿. kp[o-jv, kmdm tPmk^v, KoXm lnc-Wy≥,

Ajn-X, N{μ-a-Xn, knXmc Fkv, kp[oc, sI. B¿. aoc, sI. ]n. cma-\p-Æn, _n. apc-fn,

kt¥mjv F®n-°m-\w, ]n. kptc-{μ≥, kp`mjv N{μ≥, B¿. DÆn, Cμp-ta-t\m≥, sI. tcJ, [\y-

cm-Pv, kn. A\p]v XpS-ßnb ]pXnb Fgp-Øp-Im¿.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

H‰ ˛ hn. ]n. inh-Ip-am¿

Cu `qan-sb-∏‰n A[nIw ]d-tb- ˛ kn. hn. _me-Ir-jvW≥

]¥n-t`m-P\w ˛ kt¥mjv F®n-°m\w

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃

sNdp-IYm kmlnXyw ˛ Fw. ]n. t]mƒ

sNdp-IYm kmlnXyw ˛ Fw. ANyq-X≥

IYm-]-T-\-߃ ˛ ]n. sI. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ \mb¿ {KŸm-hen

IY, BJym-\hpw A\p-`-h-k-Øbpw ˛ sI. ]n. A∏≥

sN-dp-I-Y-bpsS Oμ v ˛ tUm. hn. cmP-Ir-jvW≥

\n»-_vZ-Xbpw \n¿Ωm-Whpw ˛ C. ]n. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥

IY-bpsS IY ˛ tUm. sI. Fkv. chn-Ip-am¿

ae-bm-f-Ønse BZy-Ime sNdp-I-Y-Iƒ ˛ ” ”

100 h¿jw 100 IY ˛ ” ”

sN-dp-IY hm°pw hgnbpw ˛ ” ”

IYbpw `mhp-IXz ]cn-Wm-ahpw ˛ ” ”

*********************

Code. MA3B03

sk-a-ÿ III tImgvkv˛ 3

am[y-a-]-T\w ]T\kabw : 90 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃

Bib hn\n-a-b-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ XXz-߃ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. hnhn[ Bib hn\nab taJ-e-

I-fpsS km[yX Xncn-®-dn-bp-I.

_lp-P-\-kw-th-Z\w (mass communication) ]›m-Ø-ew, am[y-a-]-T-\-Øns‚ coXn-imkv{Xw

F∂nhsb-°p-dn®v [mc-W-bp-- m-°pI

am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ am\-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw (Dimensions) XXz-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw kmam\y t_m[-ap-

- m-°pI

B[p-\n-I-km-t¶-XnI hnZy-I-fpsS ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-eqsS am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø\w F∂ sXmgn¬ taJ-e-

tbm-Sp≈ A`n-cpNn hf¿ØpI

Ne-®n{X Bkzm-Z-\w, ]T-\w, Ne-®n{X \ncq-]Ww F∂n-h-bn¬ Xm¬]cyw P\n-∏n-°pI

29A®Sn˛-Zr-iy-˛-{im-hy-˛-C‚¿s\‰v taJ-e-I-fn¬ `mj-bpsS {]tbm-K-ssh-hn-≤y-߃ ]cn-N-b-s∏-

Sp-Øp-I.

kmaq-ln-I-˛-cm-jv{So-b-˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI ]cn-k-c-ßsf \nb-{¥n-°p∂ am[y-a-ß-sf-°p-dn®v hna¿i-\-

_p-≤n-tbmsS ]Tn-°m\pw hne-bn-cp-Øm\pw {]m]vX-cm-°p-I.

samUyqƒ-˛1

Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-X-Xz-߃˛ ]e-Xcw Bi-b-hn-\nab߃, _lp-P-\-kw-th-Z\

(mass communication) Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-ew, A®-SnbpsS Bhn¿`mhw, hnIm-kw, A®Sn am[y-a-

Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, C¥y-bnse ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw (km-am-\y-]-cn-N-bw) C¥y≥

]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-cwKw kzmX-{¥y-Øn-\p-apºpw ]nºpw˛ ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w , anj-Wdn-am-cpsS

kw`m-h-\, ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\hpw KZy-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ hf¿®bpw tIc-fob \thm-∞m-\hpw ]{X-{]-

h¿Ø-\hpw Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv am[y-a-ßfpsS Bhn¿`m-hw˛ hnIm-kw.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v:

A[n-Im-chpw am[y-a-ß-fpw˛ _n. B¿. ]n. `mkvI¿

("am-[y-a-]-T-\-߃' ˛ FUn. ]∑-\-cm-a-N-{μ≥ \mb¿, Id‚v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿)

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃

tIcf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\ Ncn{Xw ˛ ]pXp-∏≈n cmLh≥, tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan

hrØm¥ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w ˛ kztZ-im-`n-am\n cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈

am[y-a-ßfpw ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw ˛ Fw hn. tXma-kv, kmwkvIm-cnI

{]kn-≤o-I-cW hIp∏v

]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w `n∂-ap-J-߃ ˛ tIcf {] v A°m-Zan

\m\m \mZw Htc temIw ˛ ko≥amIv ss{_Uv, tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

hm¿Ø˛ ]{Xhpw hm¿Øbpw ˛ tPmbn Xncp-aq-e-]p-cw, tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

dnt∏m¿´nwKv ˛ tPmbn Xncp-aq-e-]pcw, tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

kºq¿Æ ]{X-kw-hn-[m\w ˛ tPmbn Xncp-aq-e-]pcw, tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

hm¿Ø-bpsS inev]-ime ˛ F≥. F≥. kXy-{h-X≥

]{X-`mj ˛ tIcf {]kv A°m-Zan

]{X temIw ˛ Sn. thWp-tKm-]m-e≥, tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

sam-Uyqƒ ˛ 2

Zriy-˛-{imhy am[y-a-߃ ˛ {]t£-]-W-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw ˛ {]t£-]-W-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X-

Iƒ ˛ tdUn-tbm-bpsS Bhn¿`mhw ˛ hnImkw tIc-f-Øn¬ tdUntbm {]t£-]W-Øns‚

Bcw`w tdUn-tbm-bv°p-th- n cN-\-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-tºmƒ {i≤n-t°- Imcy-߃, P\-Iob

am[y-a-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ tdUn-tbm-bpsS {]k-‡n, ae-bmf kmln-Xy˛ kwkvImc {]Nm-c-W-Øn¬

tdUntbm hln® ]¶v.

sSen-hn-j≥ Bhn¿`mhw ˛ hnImkw ˛ Sn. hn. C≥Uy-bn¬ ˛ tIc-f-Øn¬ ˛ hnhn[ Nm\-ep-Iƒ

sSen-hn-j≥ ˛ P\-{]nb ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ ˛ hn⁄m-\-hn-t\mZ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ ˛ P\m-[n-]Xy kaq-l-

Øn¬ Zriy-am-[y-a-߃ hln-°p∂ ]¶v

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

30tdmUntbm \mSIw ˛ Sn. F≥. tKm]n-\m-Y≥ \mb¿ ("\m-SIw Hcp ]T-\w'˛kn. sP. kvamcI

{]kwK kanXn, amfp-_≥ ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw)

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃

Zriy-˛-{imhy am[y-a-߃ ˛ Hcp kwLw teJ-I¿, tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

Zriy-`mj ˛ sI. Fkv cmP-ti-J-c≥, tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

sS-en-hn-j≥ tPW-enkw ˛ hn. cmP-tKm-]m¬, Id‚v _pIvkv

B temIw apX¬ "C' temIw hsc ˛ tUm. sP. hn. hnf-\new

sam-Uyqƒ 3

kn\n-a˛ Bhn¿`mhw , hf¿®, kn\n-a-bpsS ]cn-Wm-a-߃, temI-kn-\na, C≥Uy≥ kn\n-a, ae-

bmf kn\na (km-am\y ]cn-N-bw) tUmIyq-sa‚dn kn\n-a-bpsS Bhn¿`mhw ˛ tUmIyq-sa‚dn ˛

^o®¿ kn\n-a-I-fpsS -hy-Xym-kw, kn\n-abpw kmln-Xy-hpw, Xnc-°Ym \n¿Ωm-Ww˛ Ne-®n-{Xhpw

t{]£-I-\pw, Bkzm-Z\w, \ncq-]-Ww, tIc-fob \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ {]Xn-\n-[m-\-߃ ae-bmf

kn\n-a-bn¬ hcp-∂-sX-ßn-s\, {]mtZ-in-I-kz-Xz-t_m[w (tI-c-fo-b-X) kn\na Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-sX-

ßs\ ˛kn\nam]T\w kmwkvIm-cnI

]T-\-am-Ip-tºmƒ

klm-bI {KŸ-߃

Ne-®n-{X-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ ˛ hnP-b-Ir-jvW≥, tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

tem-I-kn-\na ˛ hnP-b-Ir-jvW≥, Un. kn. _pIvkv

ae-bmf kn\n-a-bpsS IY ˛ hnP-b-Ir-jvW≥ amXr-`qan _pIvkv

ae-bmf kn\n-abpw kmln-Xyhpw ˛ a[p Cd-h-¶-c, Un. kn. _pIvkv

Hcp kn\na Fß-s\-bp-- m-Ip∂p ˛ sI. sI. N{μ≥, Nn¥m ]ªn-tjgvkv

temI kn\n-a-Iƒ ˛ Pn. ]n. cma-N-{μ≥, Nn¥m ]ªn-tjgvkv

kn\na hoUntbm sSIv\n°v -˛ tUm. apc-fo-Ir-j-W, Un. kn. _pIvkv

IYbpw Xnc-°-Ybpw ˛ tUm. B¿. hn. Fw. Znhm-I-c≥, amXr-`qan _pIvkv

Xnc-°Ym cN\ Iebpw kn≤m-¥hpw ˛ tPmkv. sI. am\p-h¬

kn\n-abpw {]Xy-b-imkv{Xhpw ˛ hn. sI. tPmk^v

Aen-hns‚ aμm-c-߃ ˛ a[p Cd-h-¶c

kn\n-abpw kaq-lhpw ˛ sI. the-∏≥

cm{Xnbpw aqS¬a™pw ˛ hn. cmP-Ir-jvW≥

Nn{Xw Ne-®n{Xw ˛ a¶S chn-h¿Ω

ae-ap-I-fn¬ a™p-s]-øp-tºmƒ ˛ sF. j¨ap-J-Zmkv

^nenw Ub-d-£≥ ˛ kmP≥ sXcp-h-∏pg

sam-Uyqƒ 4

ssk_¿ am[y-a-߃ : \h-am-[y-a-߃, khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, C≥^¿ta-j≥ bpKw ˛ hnhc kmt¶-

XnI hnZy Bi-b-hn-\n-ab cwK-Øp-- m-°nb hnπ-h-߃ ˛ Iºyq-´¿, C‚¿s\‰v ˛ C˛kmln-Xyw,

C‚¿s\‰v Broadcasting, C‚¿s\‰v tdUn-tbm, C˛ sabn¬, thƒUv sshUv sh_v (W.W.W)

31tªmKv, Web {]km-[\w, hnhn[ sh_v t]m¿´-hm¿Øm-[n-jvTnX sh_vssk-‰p-Iƒ, C˛ _p°v,

ep-Iƒ kmam\y ]cn-Nbw

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v:

ssl-∏¿ sSIvÃpw aƒ´o-ao-Un-bbpw

("C‚¿s\‰pw C≥t^m¿ta-j≥ hnπ-hhpw' ˛ sI. cho-{μ≥ & tUm. _n. CIv_m¬ Un. kn.

_pIvkv)

klm-bI {KŸ-߃

C‚¿s\‰v ˛ ANyp-Xvi¶¿ Fkv. \mb¿

tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

C≥^¿ta-j≥ sSIvt\m-fPn ˛ ANyp-Xvi-¶¿ Fkv. \mb¿,

tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

C‚¿s\‰v Hcp ]T\w ˛ ]n. tkXp-am-[-h≥, en]n ]ªn-t°-j≥kv

C‚¿s\‰pw C≥t^m¿ta-j≥ hnπ-hhpw ˛ sI. cho-{μ≥ &tUm. _n. CIv_m¬, Un. kn _pIvkv

B temIw apX¬ "C' temIw hsc ˛ tUm.sP. hn. hnf-\n-ew, tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

ssk-_¿ kmlnXyw ˛ kp\oX Sn. hn. (F-Un.), Id‚v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿

sam-Uyqƒ˛ 5

am[ya hna¿i\w : am[y-a-ß-fpsS [m¿Ωn-IX ˛ kaq-lsØ \nb-{¥n-°p∂ am[y-a-߃, H∏o-\n-

b≥ eoU¿ ˛ ka-hm-b-Øn-s‚bpw kΩ-X-Øn-s‚bpw D¬∏m-Z\w ˛ am[y-a-ßfpsS A[n-\n-thiw˛

P\{]nb kwkvIm-chpw am[y-a-ßfpw ˛ kmwkvIm-c-Øns‚ _lp-kz-c-Xbpw am[y-a-ßfpw ˛ am[y-

a-ßfpw hn]-Wnbpw

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ teJ-\-߃:

a\ pw am[y-a-ßfpw ˛ Fw. F≥ hnP-b≥

am[ya [m¿Ωn-I-Xbpw s]cp-am-‰-®-´hpw ˛ F≥. ]n. cmP-t{μ≥

(t^m¿Øv FtÃ-‰ns‚ acWw) amXr-`qan _pIvkv ˛ F∂ ]pkvI-X-Ønse teJ\w

ImgvN-bpsS tImbva ˛ tUm. Sn. sI.-cm-a-N-{μ≥

am[y-a-ß-fpsS {]Xn-tema {]IrXw ˛ cho-{μ≥

A[n-\n-th-ihpw am[y-a-ßfpw ˛ tUm. sk_m-Ãy≥ t]mƒ

(am[y-a-]-T-\-߃) Un. kn. _pIvkv ˛ FUn. ]∑\-cm-a-N-{μ≥\m-b¿

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃

ImgvN-bpsS tImbva ˛ tUm. Sn.-sI. cma-N-{μ≥, amXr-`qan

GIm-¥-\-K-c-߃ ˛ ]n. sI. cmP-ti-J-c≥, Un. kn. _pIvkv

DØ-cm-[p-\n-IX ˛ kn . _n. kp[m-I-c≥, Un. kn. _pIvkv

t_m[-Xo-c-ß-fn¬ Imew-an-Sn-°p-tºmƒ ˛ F. N{μ-ti-J¿, sdbn≥t_m _pIvkv

kn\n-a, kaq-lw, {]Xy-b-imkv{Xw ˛ cho-{μ≥, amXr-`qan _pIvkv

am[y-a-ß-fpsS A[n-\n-thiw ˛ FUn-‰¿ : {^m≥knkv Imc-bv°m´v

{]km: tP¿W-enkw Un∏m¿´vsa‚v

tUm¨t_mkvtIm tImtfPv

IÆq¿ bqWn-th-gvkn‰n

32P\-{]nb kwkvImcw ˛ jmPn tP°∫v

Code. MA3B04

ska-ÿ˛III tImgvkv ˛4

\mSIw ]T\ kabw : 72 aWn-°q¿

s{IUn‰v : 4

Dt±iy-e-£y-߃

1. ae-bmf \mS-I-sØ-°p-dn®v Ncn-Xm-h-t_m-[-ap-- m-IWw

2. tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaqly cmjv{Sob kmwkvIm-cnI Ncn-{X-Øn¬ \mSIw sNep-Ønb

kzm[o\w t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

3. \mSI Iem-cq-]-Øns‚ LS\-- ˛ Bhn-jv°m-c-X-eßfnep≈ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

4. \mS-I-Øn-s‚ cwK-`m-j, ico-c-`m-j, kmln-Xy-`m-j-bnse `mjm-t`-Z-hn-kva-b-߃,

i_vZ-\n-b-{¥-Ww, \mS-I-Z¿i\w F∂nh a\- n-em-°Ww

5. Ac-ßv, kwhn-[m-\w, Na-bw, ]›m-Ø-e-kw-Ko-Xw, i_vZ-{I-ao-I-c-Ww, shfn-®-hn-

Xm\w F∂n-h-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ kmam-\y-⁄m\w t\SWw

6. \mSIkmln-Xy-]-T-\-Ønepw \mS-Im-h-X-c-W-Ønepw XpS¿]-T-\-Ønepw Kth-j-W-

Ønepw A`n-cpNn hf¿Ø-Ww.

samUyqƒ:1

F) cwK-I-e-I-fpsS s]mXpkz-`m-h-߃-˛-A-\p-jvTm-\m-fl-Ihpw A\p-jvTm-t\-X-c-hp-amb cwKm-hn-

jv°-c-Ww-˛-\m-tSm-Sn-˛-¢m-knIv \mS-I-]m-c-º-cyw- -̨hn-`-P-\-Øns‚ {]am-W-߃. sXøw-˛-ap-Sn-tb-‰v,

s]mdm´v, Im°m-c-in, ]qX\pw Xndbpw apX-emb \mtSm-Sn-\m-S-I-߃. {Ia-Zo-]n-I, B´-{]-Im-c-߃,

B´-°-Y-Iƒ, IqØ-º-ew, IqØv IqSn-bm-´w, IY-I-fn, kwkvIr-X-\m-S-I-߃ XpSßn ¢mknIv

]mc-º-cyw.

_n) ]q¿h-cq-]-ß-fn¬\n∂v \mSIw F∂ Iem-cq-]-Øn-te-°p-ff ]uc-kvXyhpw ]m›m-Xy-hp-

amb \mSI k¶¬]-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp-ff hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-߃-˛-\m-S-I-Øns‚ LS-I-߃:IrXn-˛-\m-S-

I-Ir-Øv-˛-th-Zn, cwK-]m-Tw, cwK-Ønse hkvXp-°ƒ-˛-sk‰v, t{]m∏v XpS-ßn-b-h. A`n-\bw:A`n-t\-

Xm-hv-˛-t{]-£-I≥. \mS-I-{]-tbm-P\w: \mS-Im-\p-`q-Xn, Zm¿i-\n-Im-\p-`-hw.

]uc-kvXy-\m-SI k¶¬∏w:˛ `c-Xs‚ \mSy-imkv{Xw B[m-c-am-°n-˛-\m-Sy-[¿an-˛-tem-I-[¿an-˛-A-`n-\-

b-co-Xn-Iƒ (N-Xp¿hn-[m-`n-\-bw) hrØn-Iƒ-˛-\m-S-I-L-S-\-˛-]-©-k-‘n-Iƒ-˛-k-‘n-I-fpsS LS-I-ß-

fpsS ckm-\p-`q-Xn-˛-c-k-\n¿h-N-\w-˛-hn-`m-hw-˛-A\p`m-hw-˛-k-©m-co-`m-h-߃-˛-c-k-\n-jv]-Øn-˛-hym-Jym-

\-t`-Z߃. \mSI hn`m-K-߃-˛-Z-i-cq-]-I-߃-˛-cw-Kw-˛-Acßnse LS-I-߃˛hnhn-[-Xcw thZn-Iƒ-

˛-\m-S-I-c-N\m X{¥-߃-˛-\m-μn-˛-{]-th-i-Iw-˛-hn-jv°w-`w-˛-B-fl-K-Xw-˛-A]hmcn-Xw-˛-\m-S-I-kw-hn-[m-

\w-˛-kq-{X-[m-c≥.

33 ]m›m-Xy-\m-S-I-k-¶¬∏w-˛-A-cn-tÃm-´n- ens‚ t]mb-‰n-Ivkns\ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-˛-

{Sm-P-Un-˛-tIm-a-Un-˛-\m-S-Ihpw CXc BJym-\-cq-]-ßfpw ˛C-Xn-lmkw Ncn-{Xw. {SmP-Un-bpsS LS-I-

߃-˛-\m-S-IØns‚ ^e-{ip-Xn-˛-I-Ym¿kn-kv-˛-hym-Jym-\-߃-˛-{Ko-°v\m-S-IthZnbpsS {]tXy-I-X.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

CuUn-∏kv cmPmhv ˛tkmt^m-¢nkv (]-cn-`mj: kn.-sP. tXmakv)

Ducp-`wKw ˛`m-k≥ (]-cn-`mj: hf-f-tØmƒ)

ae-bm-f-Ønse {Ko°v ˛kwkvIrX \mSI hnh¿Ø-\-ßsf-°p-dn®v GI-tZ-i-[m-cW hnZym¿∞n-

Iƒ°v Cu samUyqfn¬ \¬I-Ww.

samUyqƒ:2

B[p-\nI \mS-I-th-Zn-bn-te-°p-ff hnIm-kw. ]m›m-Xy-k-º¿°w-˛-an-Ã-dn-tπ-bvkv-˛-]m-j≥ tπbvkv-

˛tj-Ivkv]o-cn-b≥\mS-I-th-Zn-˛-t•m-_vXn-b-‰¿- -̨\m-S-I-th-Zn-bpsS \ho-I-c-W-Øn¬ C_vk\pw

Ãn≥_¿Kn-\p-ap-ff ]¶v-˛-kp-L-Sn-X-\m-S-I-߃ (Wellmade Drama) {]iv\-\m-S-I-߃ (Problem

plays)˛\mS-IØns‚ ]nc-an-U¬LS-\-˛-Xm-Zm-flo-I-c-Ww-˛-b-Ym-X-Y-th-Zn-˛-]p-Xp-{]-ta-b-߃-˛-km-

aqlnIw˛ -cm-jv{So-bw-˛ F-]nIv Xntb-‰¿-˛-A-\y-h¬°-c-Ww-˛-A_vtk¿Uv Xnb-‰¿-˛-]p-h¿ Xnb-‰¿-˛-

sX-cp-hp-\m-S-Iw-˛-{`-am-fl-I-\m-S-I-߃-˛-{Uowtπ˛

]p-Xp-]-co-£-W-߃-˛-Cw-{]-j-Wn-Ãv-˛-F-Ivkv{]-j-WnÃv˛{]Xo-Im-fl-I-\m-S-I-߃.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v:

I\yI ˛ F≥. IrjvW-]n-ff

Cuiz-c≥ Ad-Ãn¬ ˛ F≥.-F≥. ]nff

samUyqƒ:3

tIc-f-Øns‚ {]mtZ-in-I-\m-S-I-]m-c-º-cyw-˛-X-an-gvkzm-[o-\w-˛-kw-Ko-X-\m-S-I߃˛-{]-l-k-\-߃-˛-lm-

ky-\m-S-I-߃-˛-h-St° ae-_m-dnse hnhn-[-\m-S-Im-h-X-c-W-k-`-Iƒ-˛-Ip-´-a-Øv, tZiob t_m[-

Øns‚ kzm[o\w cwK-th-Zn-bn¬-˛-km-aq-lnI cmjv{So-b-{]-iv\-߃-˛-tbm-K-t£-a-k- -̀bpsS \mS-hm-X-

c-W-]-cn-{i-a-߃-˛-]p-tcm-K-a-\-km-ln-Xy-{]-ÿm-\hpw \mS-I-th-Zn-bpw-˛-Im¿jn-I-{]-iv\-ßfpw \mS-I-

th-Zn-bpw-˛-

]m-´-_m-°n, Iq-´p-Irjn XpS-ßnb \mS-I-ß-fpsS {]k-‡n-˛-a-e-_m¿ tI{μ Iem-k-an-Xn-˛-]o-∏nƒkv

Xnb-‰¿ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥-˛-sI.-]n.-G.-kn.-˛-tI-c-f-Ønse \mSI Iem-k-an-Xn-Iƒ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v:

Aiz-ta[w ˛ tXm∏n¬`mkn

CXp `qan-bmW v ˛ sI.-Sn. apl-ΩZv

samUyqƒ: 4

ae-bm-f-\m-S-I-th-Zn-bn¬ h∂ am‰-߃-˛-s{]m^j-W¬, Ata-Nz¿ hn`-P-\w˛ {Kmao-W-I-em-k-an-Xn-

Iƒ-˛-\m-S-Im-h-X-c-W-߃-˛-Ip-´n-I-fpsS cwK-th-Zn- -̨Ip-´n-I-fpsS thZnbpw apXn¿∂-h-cpw-˛-kv{Xo-]-£-

th-Zn-˛-a-e-bm-f-cw-K-th-Znbpw kv{XoI-fpw-˛-td-Un-tbm-\m-S-I-߃-˛-{]-t£-]-W-I-e-˛-kv{In]v‰n¬ {i≤n-

t°- Imcy-߃-˛-A-h-X-c-W-co-Xn-˛-kvIn-‰p-Iƒ-˛-tam-tWm-BIvSv˛an-an-{In-˛-Im-ºkv Xnb-‰¿-˛-{]-Nm-c-

W-\m-S-I-thZn

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

cmhpÆn ˛ ]n.-Fw. XmPv

A∏-acw ˛ Un. ]mWn. tIc-f-_m-e-km-lnXy C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

34 sXmgn¬tI-{μ-Øn-te°v ˛ FUn-‰¿. F≥.-B¿. {Kma-{]-Imiv

tImgn-t°mSv k¿Δ-I-em-ime ]ªn-t°-j≥

Unhn-j≥

ka-Xew ˛ ap√-t\-gn-˛-tI-c-f- imkv{Xkmln-Xy-]-cn-jØv

Xr»q¿

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃:

\mSy-imkv{Xw H∂mw `mKw hnh¿Ø\w ˛ sI.-]n. \mcm-b-W-]n-jm-cSn

tIc-f-Ønse \mtSm-Sn-\m-S-I-߃ ˛ tUm. Fkv.-sI. \mb¿

kwKo-X-\m-S-I-N-cn{Xw ˛ sI.-]n.-F-kv. tat\m≥

ae-bmf \mS-I-N-cn{Xw ˛ s{]m^k¿. Pn. i¶-c-]n-ff

Db-cp∂ bh-\nI ˛ kn.-sP. tXmakv

\mSI {]th-inI ˛ G.-Un. lcn-i¿a

]uc-kvXy-\m-S-I-Z¿i\w ˛ ]pØ≥Imhv amØ≥X-c-I≥

Zi-cq-]-I-߃ ˛ hn.-F-kv. i¿a

th\¬Xp-ºn-Iƒ ˛ _me-km-lnXy C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

cwK-`mj ˛ hbem hmkp-tZ-h≥]n-ff

ae-bm-f-\m-S-I-{]-ÿm\w ˛ Im´p-amSw \mcm-b-W≥

tI{μ-I-em-k-an-Xnbpw Iem-k-an-Xn-{]-ÿm-\-hpw˛ ]h-\≥˛" tIfn' Pq¨-˛1976

\mS-I-Z¿∏Ww ˛ F≥.-F≥.-]n-ff

I¿´≥ ˛ F≥.-F≥. ]nff

A`n-\-b-Øns‚ ck-X{¥w ˛ apcfn

hnZzm≥. ]n. tIfp-\m-b-cpsS Ub-dn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ˛ FUn.-C.-]n.-cm-P-tKm-]m-e≥

t_m[-\-\m-S-I-thZn -˛ F≥.-B¿. {Kma-{]-Imiv

\mS-I-Z¿i\w ˛ Pn. i¶-c-∏n-ff

\mS-I-°-fcn ˛ kn.-sP.-kvam-cI {]kw-K-k-anXn

cwKm-h-X-cWw ˛ tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

\mSIw Hcp ]T\w ˛ kn.-sP. knwt]m-knbw

O{Xhpw Nma-chpw ˛ Fw.-]n. i¶pÆn \mb¿

\mS-I-Øn-te-s°mcp \S-∏mX ˛ F.-]n.-]n. \ºq-Xncn

\mSIw IÆns‚ Ie ˛ Sn.-]n. kpIp-am-c≥

Acßpw s]mcpfpw ˛ B¿. \tc-{μ-{]-kmZv

\mS-Iobw ˛ ssI\n-°c

I\¬ ˛ amkn-I-˛-{]-Y-a-e°w

cwK-`mj ˛ apΩm-k-{]-kn-≤o-I-cWw

{_lv‰ns‚ Ie ˛ k®n-Zm-\-μ≥

_¿tØmƒUv {_lv‰v ˛ Pn. i¶-c-∏n-ff

kq{X-[mcm FXnte FXnte ˛ hb-em hmkp-tZ-h≥]n-ff

Dramatic Experience - J.L. Styan

Introduction to study of Literature - Hudson (Chapter On Drama only)

35Theatre of the Absurd - Martin Esslin

Theory of the Modern stage - Eric Bendtly

Theatre as Sign System - Elania Astom and George Savona

Right to perform - Sefdentiashi

Third Theatre - Badel Sarcar

***********************

Code MA4B05

ska-ÿ˛IV tImgvkv ˛5

ae-bmf IhnX ˛ ]q¿Δ-L´w

]T\ kabw : 90 aWn-°q¿

s{IUn‰v : 4

Dt±iy-e-£y-߃

ae-bmf Imhy-im-J-bpsS D¬]Øn apX¬ 18˛mw \q‰m-- p-h-sc-bp≈ hyXykvX Imhy-k-{º-

Zmbßsf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-I.

{]mNo\ a≤y-Im-e-L-´-ß-fn¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ cq]w-sIm- Imhy-im-J-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-I. ae-bm-f-

`m-jbv°pw kmln-Xy-Øn\pw Ime-L-´-ß-fn-eqsS kw`-hn® ]cn-Wm-a-ßsf a\- n-em-°p-I.

kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ cq]w-sIm- kmwkvIm-cnI tIc-fo-b-Xsb cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ Cu

IrXn-Iƒ°p≈ ]¶pw ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°p-I.

samUyqƒ 1

{]mNn-\-km-lnXyw --˛ ]m´v, ]m´ns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, eoem-Xn-eIw \¬Ip∂ \n¿Δ-N-\w, e£-W-

bp-‡-amb cma-N-cn-Xw, ]m´n\v ]n¬°m-e-Øp-- mb ]cn-Wm-aw, \ncWw IrXn-Iƒ, IrjvW-Km-Y,

Fgp-Ø-—≥ IrXn-Iƒ, `‡n-{]-ÿm-\w, CXn-lm-k-]p-cm-W-ß-fpsS D]-Po-h-\w, _rl-Xv]m-c-º-cy-

Øns‚ kzm[o-\w, _rl-Xv]m-c-º-cy-Øn¬ {]mtZ-inI kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ ka-\z-bw, \nc-Ww IrXn-

Iƒ, IrjvW-Km-Y, IrjvW-Km-Y-bn¬ {]I-S-am-Ip∂ kzXz-t_m-[w, tIc-fo-bX ˛ Oμ- n¬, `mj-

bn¬, PohnX kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ . Fgp-Ø-—≥ IrXn-Iƒ ˛ `mj, kwkvIrX kzm[o-\w, kmaqly

{]k-‡n, kmaqly ]cn-k-cw, {_m“-Wm-[n-]-Xyw, {]mtZ-inI kwkvIm-chpw _rlXv ]mc-º-cy-

hpw, Fgp-Ø-—≥ IrXn-I-fnse ka-\zb kwkvIm-cw, tIc-fob Ncn-{Xhpw Fgp-Ø-—≥Ir-Xn-I-fpw,

kwkvIm-chpw [¿Ω-t_m-[hpw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Fgp-Ø-—≥ IrXn-Iƒ hln® ]¶v.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

cma-N-cnXw ˛ 3˛mw ]Sew

IÆ-»-cm-am-bWw kpμ-c-Imfiw ˛ BZysØ 11 ]m´p-Iƒ

IrjvW-KmY ˛ tla-¥-h¿Æ\w (sN-dp-t»-cn)

A[ymfl cmam-bWw Infn-∏m´v ˛ Injv°n-‘m-Imfiw (F-gp-Ø-—≥)

kya-¥Iw Xp≈¬ ˛ Ip©≥\ºym¿

36

samUyqƒ 2

aWn-{]-hmf kmln-Xyw, aWn-{]-hmf `mj, eoem-Xn-eI \n¿Δ-N-\w, aWn-{]-hm-fsØ \n¿Æ-bn-

°p∂ 1˛mw inev]-Øns‚ khn-tij ]T-\w, kwkvIrX kzm[o-\w, kwkvIrX kmln-Xy-cq-]-ß-

fpsS ae-bmf amXr-I-Iƒ, Nºp, ktμ-i-Im-hyw, kvt{Xm{X-Ir-Xn-Iƒ, ÿe-h¿Æ-\-Iƒ

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

DÆp-\oen ktμiw ˛ {]kvXm-h\ Hgn-hm°n BZysØ 10 t«mI-߃

`mjm cmam-bWw Nºp ˛ koXm-kz-bw-hcw 26-˛36 t»mI-ßfpw

36˛mw t»mI-Øn-\vtijw hcp∂ H∂mw KZyhpw

(“lc-l-c-inh inh anYn-e-bn-en-b-en-\---˛˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛˛

-{]-l-kn-X-eo-em tem-fn-X-sam-cnSw-” F∂v hsc)

samUyqƒ 3

17, 18 \q‰m-- p-Iƒ, kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ, ]m›mXy anj-W-dn-am-cpsS BK-a-\w, kmlnXy cq]-ß-

fpsS {InkvXo-b-amb \n¿Ωn-Xn-Iƒ, [¿Ω-t_m-[hpw kmwkvIm-cn-Im-h-t_m-[-hpw.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

⁄m\-∏m\ ˛ ]q¥m\w

IptN-h-hrØw h©n-∏m´v (Zzm-c-Im-h¿Æ-\hpw ˛ cma-]p-c-Øp-hm-cn-b¿

IrjvW-Ip-tNe kwK-ahpw am{Xw)

“C∏m-cn-en-∂n-√o-h-Æ-sam-cp-a-lm-cm-P-[m-\n ..

-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛- -̨˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛- -̨˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛- -̨˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛-˛˛

am{Xw t]mepw [\-lo-\-\mb hn{]≥ apIp-μs\

am\kw sIms- -Sp-Øn´v IqsS sIm- p-t]mbv” ˛ F∂p-hsc

]pØ≥]m\ 12-˛mw ]mZw ssZh-am-Xm-hns‚

hymIp-e-{]-em]w (AΩ I\ym-a-Wn-X-s‚.. ˛ A¿tÆmkv ]mXn-cn, (km≥tPmkv

`hn-°-X-kvam¬ F∂p-h-sc) _pIvÃmƒ, am∂m\w 1992)

\f-N-cnXw 4˛mw Znhkw \f-Z-a-b¥o kwKaw ˛ DÆmbn hmcy¿

(“hm-tXmlw irWp-\-f`qX-hrμ km£n ”F∂

t«mIw Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ `mKw am{Xw)

samUyqƒ 4

\mtSmSn kwkvIm-csØ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p∂ ]m´p-Ifpw \mtSmSn Km\ßfpw ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°-Ww.

Ah-bpsS `mjm-]-chpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ a\- n-em-°-Ww.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

hS-°≥ ]m´v

DÆn-bm¿® IqØv ImWm≥ t]mb IY

(“B-‰p-Ω-W-Ωte DÆn-bm¿®” apX¬

Im‰Øp]™n-]-d°pw t]mse

37hn´n´p Xs∂bpw t]mIp-∂p-- v. ˛ F∂-Xp-h-sc)

am∏n-f-∏m´v

_Z-dp¬ap-\o¿ lpkv\p¬P-am¬ ˛ tambn≥Ip´n sshZy¿

(“]q-a-I-fms\” apX¬

“aXn-a-d-∂n≥km-seØpw” Km\w hsc)

ssIs°m-´n-I-fn-∏m´v

imIp-¥fw ˛ hnZzm≥a-®m-s´-bXv

\memw-Jfiw (“I-eymWn If-hmWo sNm√q ˛ kn. ]n. IrjvW-s\-f-bXv

\obm-sc-∂Xpw” apX¬ “AXp-e-hn-{I-a≥ (km-lnXy A°m-Z-an, Xr»q¿)

]mWn-{K-lWw sNbvXp. ” hsc)

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃:

kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw {]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eqsS ˛ FUn. tUm. sI. Fw. tPm¿Pv NBS

tIm´bw

]Zy-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw ˛ Sn. Fw. NpΩm¿

ssIc-fn-bpsS IY ˛ F≥. IrjvW-]n≈

tIcf kmlnXy Ncn{Xw ˛ D≈q¿

ae-bmf kmlnXy Ncn{Xw \q‰m-- p-I-fn-eqsS ˛ ]n. sI. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ \mb¿ kvamcI

{KŸm-hen

***********************

Code. MA4B06

ska-ÿ˛IV tImgvkv ˛6

`mjm-im-kv{Xhpw `mjm-N-cn-{Xhpw

]T\ kabw : 72 aWn-°q¿

s{IUn‰v : 4

Dt±iy-e-£y-߃

B[p-\nI `mjimkv{X kn≤m-¥-ßsf kw_-‘n®v kmam\y ⁄m\w hnZym¿∞n°v D- m-°n-

sb-Sp-°p-I.

B[p-\n-I-`m-jm-im-kv{X-Øns‚ kmam\y]cn-I-ev]-\-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-I. Ahsb ae-bm-f-`m-j-

bpsS hyXykvX hyh-lm-c-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn a\- n-em-°p-I.

`mjbpw kaq-lhpw XΩn-ep≈ k¶o¿Æ _‘-ßsf tIc-fob kμ¿`-Øn¬ hni-I-e\w sNøm-

\p≈ tijn t\SpI

`mjbpw A[n-Im-c-hpw, enwK-hn-th-N-\w, `mjm-a-t\m-`mhw XpS-ßnb am\-߃ ae-bmf kμ¿`-

Øn¬ a\- n-em-°p-I.

ae-bm-f-`mj t\cn-Sp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-I-sf-∏‰n Ah-t_m[w P\n-∏n-°pI

ae-bmf `mj-bpsS Ncn-{Xhpw hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-ßfpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-ØpI

samUyqƒ 1: `mjm-im-kv{X-]-T\w: BapJw

381. `mj ˛ \n¿h-N\w ˛ Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-hy- hÿ ˛ `mjm Nn”w ˛ kpNIw/kqNnXw

2. `mjm-ssh-hn-[y-߃: amXr-`m-j, {]Y-a-`m-j, ZznXo-b-`m-j, HutZym-KnI `mj, hyh-lmc

`mj, hmsam-gn, hc-samgn, am\-I-`m-j, am\-tI-X-c-`m-j, Poh¬`m-j, arX-`mj

3. `mjm-imkv{X kao-]-\-߃ : Ncn-{Xm-flIw, Xmc-X-aym-flIw, hnh-c-Wm-fl-Iw, hyXn-tc-Im-

fl-Iw, LS-\m-fl-Iw.

4. `mjm-hn-`-P-\-co-Xn-Iƒ: B\p-hw-in-Iw, I£ym-]cw

5. {]bp-‡-`m-jm-imkv{Xw: ZznXob `mjm-t_m-[-\w, \nL-- p-\n¿Ωm-Ww, hnh¿Ø-\w,

Iºyq-t´-j-W¬ `mjm-im-kv{Xw, {]mKvam-‰nIvkv

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃

B[p-\nI `mjm-imkv{Xw ˛ sI. Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cn-b¿, im¥ AK-

Ãn≥

`mjm-h-tem-I\w ˛ sI. Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cn-b¿

`mjm imkv{X-hn-thIw ˛ sI. Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cn-b¿

`mjm-K-th-jWw ˛ sI. Ip©p-Æn-cmPm

A course in Modern Linguistics - C. F. Hockett

Modern Linguistics - S. K. Verma & Krishnamurti

samUyqƒ 2 : `mjm-L-S\

1. kz\-hn-⁄m\w : kz\w/kz\naw/D]-kz\w, hyXn-tcIw/]qc-I-hn-X-cWw; ae-bm-f-Ønse

i_vtZm¬∏m-Z\w: kzcw, hyRvP-\w, Nn√v ˛ hn`-P\w, tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-b-Ønse h¿Æ-

߃°v ]e-am-Xncn {ipXn-t`Zw hcp-∂Xv F∂ `mKw, A£-cw, A£-c-am-e, (tI-c-f-]m-Wo-

\nb N¿®-Iƒ) h¿Æw ˛ en]n ˛ A£cw Ch XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw, hrØ-im-kv{X-

Ønse k¶ev]w˛ en]n, en]n-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS {]tXy-I-Xbpw {]iv\-ßfpw , en]n-]-cn-jv°-c-

W-{i-a-߃

2. cq]n-a-hn-⁄m-\w, ae-bm-f-Ønse cq]n-a-߃, {]IrXn/{]Xy-bw, kzX{¥w /_≤w

3. hmIy-hn-Nm-cw, ae-bm-f-Ønse hmIy-am-Xr-I-Iƒ, cN-\m-¥c hymI-cWw ae-bmf `mj-

bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°pI

4. A¿∞-hn-Nm-cw, ]cym-bw, \m\m¿∞w, hn]-coXw, B¿∞n-I-t£-{Xw, kmt¶-XnI ]Z-

\n¿ΩmWw

5. ]Z-tImiw

samUyqƒ 3

1. kmaq-ln-I-`m-jm-imkv{Xw ˛ kmam-\ym-htem-I\w

2. `mjbpw A[n-Im-chpw

3. `mjm-kq-{XWw : B[p-\n-Io-I-c-Ww, am\-Io-I-c-Ww, en]n-h¬°-cWw (a-e-bmf kμ¿`-

Øn¬)

4. `mjm-a-t\m-`mhw , `mjm-kw-c-£-Ww, `mjm-]-Z-hn, `c-W-`mj A[y-b-\-am-[yaw ˛ {]iv\-

߃

5 ae-bm-f-`mj t\cn-Sp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ, LS-\m-X-e-Ønepw ]Z-X-e-Øn-ep-ap≈ kzm[o-\-

߃

396. `mjm-t`-Z-hn-⁄m-\w, tIc-f-Ønse `mjm-t`-Z-߃, s]mXp-a-e-bm-fw, am\-I-a-e-

bmfw XpS-ßnb ]cn-I-ev]-\-߃

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃

kmaq-lnI `mjm-imkv{Xw ˛ Djm-\-ºq-X-cn-∏mSv

eoem-Xn-eIw kmaq-ln-I-`m-jm-im-kv{X-Zr-jvSn-bn¬ ˛ hn. Fkv. j◊pJw

hm°ns‚ hgn-Iƒ ˛ Sn. _n. thWp-tKm-]m-e-∏-Wn-°¿

A[n-Im-chpw `mjbpw ˛ ]n. Fw. Kncojv

`mjm-t`-Z-hn-⁄m\w ˛ ]n. tkma-ti-J-c≥ \mb¿

`mjm-temIw ˛ Sn. _n. thWp-tKm-]m-e-∏-Wn-°¿

ae-bm-fn-bpsS ae-bmfw ˛ Fkv. cmP-ti-J-c≥

\ΩpsS `mj ˛ C. Fw. Fkv.

hwio-b-Xbpw `mjbpw ˛ sI. sI. _m_p-cmPv (`m-j, kzXzw,

A[n-Imcw ]n. Fw. Knco-jns‚ ]T-\w)

hmIy-L-S\ ˛ C. hn. F≥. \ºq-Xncn

tIc-f-Ønse BNm-c-`mj ˛ ]n. Fw. Kncojv

Language planning - E. Annamalai

Language Movements in India - E. Annamalai

Sociolinguistics An Introuction - Peter Trudgill

samUyqƒ 4 : ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS Ncn{Xw

1. `mj-bpsS Ncn-{X-]p-\¿\n¿ΩmWw ˛ B¥-cnI / _mly-]p-\¿krjvSn, {]mKv`m-jm-k-

¶¬]w

2. ae-bmf `mjm-cq-]o-I-cW kn≤m-¥-߃ :kwkvIr-X-P-\yw, kzX-{¥-hm-Zw, D]-im-Jm-hm-Zw,

]q¿Δ ˛ Xangv ae-bmf hmZw, `mjm-kw-{I-a-W-hmZw

3. ae-bmf `mj-bpsS hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-߃ ˛ tIc-f-]m-Wn-\obw ]oTn-I-bnse N¿®-Iƒ,

hna¿i-\m-flI ]T\w

4. `mj-bpsS h¿Ø-am-\m-hÿ

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃

tIc-f-`m-j-bpsS hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-߃ ˛ Cfw-Ipfw Ip™≥]n≈

`mjm-N-cn{Xw ˛ Fkv. hn. thWp-tKm-]≥ \mb¿

]q¿Δ-tI-c-f-`mj ˛ sI . Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cn-b¿

ae-bm-f-`mjm ]cn-Wmaw: kn≤m-¥-ß-fpw hkvXp-X-Ifpw ˛ Xncp-\-√q¿ Icp-Wm-I-c≥

tIc-f-`m-jm-hn-⁄m-\obw ˛ sI. tKmZ-h¿Ω

tIc-f-]m-Wn-\obw ˛ F. B¿ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

ssIcfo i_vZm-\p-im-k\w ˛ sI. kpIp-am-c-∏n≈

ae-bmf `mjm Ncn{Xw ˛ C. hn. F≥. \ºq-Xncn

ae-bmfw: am‰hpw hf¿®bpw ˛ sI. Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cn-b¿

**********************

Code. MA5B07

40ska-ÿ˛ V

tImg-kv-˛7

ae-bmf hymI-cWw

]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃

`mjsb hni-I-e\w sNbvXv `mjm-kz-cq]w \n¿Æ-bn-°m-\p≈ {]m]vXn-bp-- m-°p-I.

ae-bmf `mjsb A]-{K-Yn®v {]tbm-K-ßsf a\- n-em-°pI

`mjm ˛hym-I-cW ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-ßsf kzcq-]n-°pI

At\z-j-W-ß-fn-eqsS e`n® hkvXp-X-Isf tIc-f-]m-Wn-\n-b-hp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøpI.

`mjm {]tbm-K-ß-sfbpw \nb-a-ß-tfbpw kw_-‘n®v kz¥-amb A`n-{]mbw cq]-s∏-Sp-ØpI

samUyqƒ 1 [z\n, h¿Æw

1. A£-cw, ae-bm-f-Ønse A£-c-am-e, A£-c-kwJy kw_-‘n® hnhn[ A`n-{]m-b-߃,

A[n-Im£-c-߃, kwhr-tXm-Imcw/tI{μ-kzcw/AIm-c-߃, -kz\w/kz\n-aw, ]ZmwKw

F∂o ]cn-I-ev]-\-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ae-bm-f-Ønse A£-c-ßsf a\- n-em-°p-I.

2. k‘n ˛ ]e-Xcw hn`-P-\-߃, kwln-Xbpw k‘n-bpw, tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-b-Ønse Imcn-I-

Iƒ, tIc-f-]m-Wn-\n-bpsS k‘n-hn-Nm-csØ hna¿i-\m-fl-I-ambn a\- n-em-°p-I, eoem-Xn-

e-I-Ønse k‘n-k-¶-ev]-ß-fp-ambn tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-b-Ønse hn[n-Iƒ Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-

I.

3. KZyw, ]Zyw, ]{X-`mj XpS-ßn-b-h-bnse k‘n-Im-cy-߃ hne-bn-cp-ØpI. ae-bm-f-Øn¬

{]Nm-c-Øn-ep≈ kwkvIr-X-k-‘n-cq-]-߃.

4. h¿Æ--hn-Im-c-߃: ae-bm-f-Ønse h¿Æ-hn-Im-c-ß-fpw Ahbv°v tIc-f-]m-Wn\n \nc-

Øp∂ Imc-W-ßfpw ˛ `mjm ]cn-Wm-a-tl-Xp-°-sf-°p-dn®v kmam-\y-]-cn-N-bw, i_vZ-X-e-

Ønepw A¿∞-X-e-Ønepw kw`-hn-°p∂ ]cn-Wm-a-ß-fpsS `mjm-_m-ly-amb Imc-W-ßsf

Ipdn®v a\- n-em-°pI

5. `mj-bnse Nn”-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Imcy-߃, enJn-X-`m-j-bn¬ Nn”-߃°p≈

ÿm\w, ]Zw ]ncn-°m-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ CS (Spacing) bpsS A¿∞-X-e-߃ .

samUypƒ 2: i_vZ hn`m-K-߃

1. ]Z-ßfpsS hn`-P\w: [¿Ωw, cq]w, D¬]Øn Ch-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]Z-ßsf A]-

{K-Yn-°p-I. {]Ir-Xn, {]Xy-bw, CS-\ne Ch tNcp-tºm-gp≈ k‘n-Im-cy-߃ a\- n-em-°p-

I.

412. tIc-f-]m-Wn-\n-bpsS i_vZhn-`-P\w hna¿i-\m-fl-I-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I. C°m-cy-

Øn-ep≈ Kp- ¿´v, amØ≥, tij-Kn-cn-{]`p F¬. hn. B¿, kn. F¬. B‚-Wn, sI.

kpIp-am-c-]n≈ F∂n-h-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-߃ Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I.

3. \maw, IrXn, t`ZIw F∂o hI-t`-Z-ßfpw Ah-bpsS hn`-P-\-ßfpw tIc-f-]m-Wn-\obw

i_vtZm¬]Øn {]I-c-WsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n a\- n-em-°p-I.

4. hnh¿Ø\ {]{In-b, AXn-\p≈ D]m-[n-Iƒ, aqe-{]-IrXn GIm-£-c-am-bn-cp-s∂∂ k¶-

ev]w, Ncn-{X-]-c-amb hne-bn-cp-ج, `mjm-hn-I-k-\-k-¶-e-]hpw hnh¿Ø\ {]{In-b-bpw,

h¿Ø-am-\-Ime `mjm-hn-I-k-\hpw F. Bdns‚ k¶-ev]-ß-fpsS km[p-Xbpw

5. tZymX-I-߃ ˛ G Bdns‚ \nK-a-\-ßfpw Ah-bpsS hna¿i-\m-fl-I-]-cn-tim-[-\bpw.

t`ZIw ˛ ae-bm-f-Ønse t`Z-I-߃

samUypƒ 3 : \ma-hn-`m-Kw.

1. \ma-hn-`m-K-߃, hn`-P-\-{I-aw, hn`-P-\-Øn-\p≈ ASn-ÿm-\w, tIc-f-]m-Wn-\n-bpsS \ne-]m-

Sp-Iƒ

2. enwKw: ae-bm-f-Ønse enwK-K-W-\, {]Xyb-߃, kam-k-cq-]-߃, \]pw-k-I-cq-]-krjvSn

3. hN\w: hN-\-\n¿Æ-bw, {]Xy-b-߃, {]Xy-b-\n-cm-k-Øn-\p≈ kμ¿`-߃

4. hn`-‡nbpw Imc-Ihpw: hmIy-Ønse ]Z-_-‘w, hn`-‡n \n¿Δ-N-\w, {]Xyb-߃, hn`-

‡ym-`m-kw, Imc-I-_-‘w, G. Bdn-s‚bpw a‰p sshbm-I-c-W-∑m-cp-sSbpw aX-߃

5. \njv]-∂-\m-a-߃: \njv]m-Z-\-{]-Xyb-߃, X≤n-X-߃, cq]-\n-jv]m-Z-\hpw `mj-bpsS

{]tbm-K-£-a-X-bpw.

samUypƒ 4: {Inbm-hn-`mKw

1. {Inb: {Inbm-hn-`-P\w D]m-[n-Iƒ, tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-b-Ønse N¿®

2. Imew: {]Xy-b-ßfpw hnX-c-Whpw, h¿Ø-am-\-Ime {]Xy-bw, \nKo¿ÆI¿Xr-Iw, {]Im-

cw, {]tbmKw , {]Ir-Xn, \ma-[m-Xp, Jne-[m-Xp, A\p-{]-tbm-Kw, \ntj[w XpS-ßn-bh

3. AwK-{Inb: ]q¿Æ-{In-bbpw A]q¿Æ-{In-b-bpw, ]‰p-hn-\-I-fpsS hn`-P\w, t]sc-®-ß-fpsS

hyt]-£-I-hmIy[¿Ωw, hn\-sb-®-ß-fpsS hn[-ßfpw coXn-I-fpw, {Inbm \njv]∂ \ma-

߃, IrØp-°ƒ, IrXnIr-Øv, Imc-I-IrØv XpS-ßn-b-h. Ah-bpsS [¿Ωw, coXn, hn`-P-

\w.

samUypƒ 5: hmIy-hn-Nmcw

1. hmIy-\n¿h-N-\-߃, ae-bm-f-Ønse hmIy-L-S-\-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, hmIy-hn-`m-K-

߃, eLp-hm-Iy-߃, k¶o¿Æ-hm-Iyw, alm-hmIyw

2. BImw£ F∂ k¶-ev]w, ae-bm-f-Ønse ]Z-{I-aw, hmIymw-i-߃ XΩn-ep≈ s]mcp-

Øw, ]pcp-j-t`-Z-\n-cmk N¿®

3. kam-k-ßfpw Ah-bpsS hmIy-[¿Ω-hpw, ka-kvX-]-Z-ß-fpw `mj-bpsS {]tbm-K-£-aXbpw,

Ah-kw-_-‘n® \nb-a-߃

4. hymt£-]-I--ß-fpsS hmIy-[¿Ωw

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃

tIc-f-]m-Wn-\obw ˛ F. B¿ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

kmln-Xy-kmlyw ˛ F. B¿ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

42i_vZ-tim-[n\n ˛ F. B¿ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

tIc-f-`m-jm-hn-⁄m-\nbw ˛ sI. tKmZ-h¿Ω

tIc-f-]m-Wn-\ob`mjyw ˛ kn. F¬. B‚Wn

`mjm-]-T-\-߃ ˛ kn. F¬. B‚Wn

ssI-c-foi-_vZm-\p-im-k\w ˛ sI. kpIp-am-c-]n≈

kmln-Xy-]-cn-Nbw ˛ Pn. i¶-c-°p-dp∏v

]q¿Δ-tI-cf `mj ˛ sI. Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cn-b¿

ae-bm-gva-bpsS hymI-cWw ˛ tPm¿÷v amØ≥

`mjm-]-cn-Nbw ˛ Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cm¿

hymI-c-W-]-T-\-߃ ˛ Sn. _n. thWp-tKm-]m-e-]-Wn-°¿ ( FUn.)

tIc-f-`m-jm-hym-I-cWw ˛ C. hn. F≥. \ºq-Xncn

`mjm-im-kv{X-Ønse tNmwkv°n-b≥ hnπhw ̨ sI. F≥. B\-μ≥

********************

Code. MA5B08

ska-ÿ˛ V

tImg-kv-˛8

ae-bmf IhnX ˛ \thm-∞m-\-L´w

]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

Dt±iye£y-߃

20-˛mw \q‰m-- n¬ ae-bm-f-Øn-em-cw-`n® hnhn[ Imhy-c-N\m kt¶-X-ß-tfbpw Ihn-I-tfbpw ]cn-

N-b-s∏-Sp-I.

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m\w Ihn-X-bn¬ {]Xn-^-en-°p-∂-sX-ß-s\-sb∂p a\- n-em-°pI

Ihn-X-bn¬ kw`-hn® ]cn-Wm-a-ßsf Ncn-{X-]-chpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-fpsS

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hne-bn-cp-Øp-I.

\thm-∞m\ Ihn-X-Isf h¿Ø-am-\-Im-esØ hyXykvX hmb-\m-co-Xn-I-fn-eqsS A]-{K-Yn-°p-

Ibpw Ah-bpsS {]k-‡nbpw {]m[m-\yhpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw sNøp-I.

samUyƒ-˛1

IhnX Ihn-{X-b-Øn-\p-apºv ˛ sh◊Wn {]ÿm-\w, ]®-a-e-bmf {]ÿm-\w, sImSp-ß-√q¿ If-

cn, tIc-f-h¿Ω {]ÿm-\w, aWn-{]-hmf ]mc-ºcyw BJym-\-I-hn-X-bn¬, kmwkvIrX \mS-I-

X¿÷-a-Iƒ, alm-Im-hyw, {]mk-hm-Zw, {]mk-hm-Z-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb {]m[m-\yw.

tIc-fob \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-]-›m-Øew ˛ Cw•ojv hnZym-`ymkw , A®-Sn, ]{X-{]-

h¿Ø\w Ch ˛ tIc-fob \thm-∞m\w ae-bmf Ihn-Xsb Fßs\ kzm[o-\n-®p. ˛ tZiob

t_m[hpw kmaq-ln-I-]-cn-jvI-c-tWm-Zy-a-ßfpw ae-bmf Ihn-X-bn¬ sNep-Ønb kzm[o-\w.

B[p-\nI Ihn-{X-bw ˛ {]ta-b-ß-fpsS ]pXp-a, Bhn-jvIm-c-Ønse \ho\ {]h-W-X-Iƒ, ae-

bmf Imev]-\nI Ihn-X, hnem-]-Im-hy-{]-ÿm-\w, `mh-Ko-X-߃, IYm-Im-hy-߃, `mh-\m-fl-I-

X, hnIm-c-]-c-X, hy‡n-]-c-X, BZ¿im-fl-I-X, kzIo-b-tem-I-kr-jvSn, kz]v\m-S-\-Iu-Xp-Iw,

43Krlm-Xp-c-Xzw, KX-Im-e-`-‡n, {]Ir-Xym-`n-ap- Jyw, ]pXp-a-tbm-Sp≈ Bk-‡n, kzmX-{¥y-hm-

RvO, CS-∏-≈nbpw Nß-ºp-gbpw ˛ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb {]m[m-\yw.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

eoe ˛ Ipam-c-\m-i≥

A—\pw aIfpw ˛ h≈-tØmƒ

t{]a-kw-KoXw ˛ D≈q¿

aWn-\mZw ˛ CS-∏≈n

bh-\nI ˛ Nß-ºpg

samUypƒ ˛ 2

IhnX Ihn-{X-b-Øn\pw CS-∏≈n {]ÿm-\-Øn\pw tijw, Imev]-\n-I-X-bpsS Im¥n ˛ ]pXp-

tem-I-Øns‚ {]h-W-X-Iƒ, hntZim-[n-]-Xy-tØm-Sp≈ \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ, tZio-b-X, kmaq-lnI

{]Xn-_-≤X

Ip‰n-∏p-dØp tIi-h≥ \mb¿, shÆn-°p-fw, Fw. ]n. A∏≥, _mem-a-Wn-b-Ω, Pn. i¶-c-°p-dp-

∏v, ]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥ \mb¿ XpS-ßnb Ihn-I-fn¬ \mep-t]-cpsS Hmtcm Ihn-X.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

{Kmao-W-I-\yI ˛ Ip‰n-∏p-d-Øp-tI-i-h≥ \mb¿

kqcy-Im¥n ˛ Pn. i¶-c-°p-dp∏v

If-¶-a-‰ssI ˛ _mem-a-Wn-bΩ

\c-_en ˛ ]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥\m-b¿

samUypƒ 3

tZiob {]ÿm-\hpw a‰p kmaq-lnI cmjv{Sob kw`-h-ßfpw Ihn-X-bn¬ sNep-Ønb

kzm[o\w, t_mt[-iz-c≥, ]pXp-t»cn cma-N-{μ≥, Sn. Fkv. Xncp-ap-ºv, Xncp-\-√q¿ Icp-Wm-I-c≥

XpS-ßnb Ihn-I-fn¬ \mep-t]-cpsS Hmtcm Ihn-X.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

kln-°-tbm-Zmkyw ˛ t_mt[-iz-c≥

hnj-∏-£n-tbmSv ˛ ]pXp-t»cn cma-N-{μ≥

Ime-h¿jw ˛ Xncp-\-√q¿ Icp-Wm-I-c≥

Fs‚ bphXzw ˛ Sn. Fkv. Xncp-ap-ºv.

samUypƒ ˛ 4

Imev]-\n-Im-\¥c Ihn-Iƒ ˛ Imev]-\n-I-Xbpw AXns‚ {]Xn-tcm-[-hpw, ]ptcm-K-a\ kmln-

Xyw, ae-bmf Ihn-X-bpsS ]pXp-∏n-d-hn, ]mem \mcm-b-W≥ \mb¿, ]n. `mkv°-c≥, hb-em¿, H.

F≥. hn, Hf-∏-a-Æ, A°n-Øw, t{]wPn XpS-ßnb Ihn-Iƒ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

Hm¿°pI h√-t∏mgpw ˛ ]n. `mkv°-c≥

l\p-a¬tkh Xp©≥ ]d-ºn¬ ˛ CSt»cn

bpK-]-cn-h¿Ø\w ˛ sshtem-∏n≈n

B{^n° ˛ F≥. hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-b¿

****************

44

Code. MA5B09

ska-ÿ˛ V

tImg-kv-˛9

kmlnXy kn≤m-¥-߃ ]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃

kmln-XysØ Hcp km¿Δ-eu-InI {]Xn-`m-k-ambn I- v hyXykvX {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw Ime-ß-

fnepw D- m-bn-´p≈ hna¿i\ kn≤m-¥ßsf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw hmb-\-bp-sSbpw hna¿i-\-

Øn-s‚bpw kn≤n-Iƒ hn]p-e-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

samUyqƒ ˛1

Ihn, IhnX F∂n-hsb kw_-‘n® `mc-Xob \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ. ckw, [z\n, coXn, KpWw, Ae-

¶m-cw, HuNn-Xyw, ht{Im‡n F∂o kmlnXy kn≤m-¥-߃ ˛ Chsb kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-

s∏-SpI. hni-Z-amb ]T\w Bh-iy-an-√.

hni-Z-]T-\-Øn\v:

1. kmlnXy \n¿Δ-N\w ˛ NmØ-\Øv ANyp-X-\pÆn ˛ Imhy-Nn¥

2. `mjm-`q-j-W-Ønse Xmsg-]-d-bp∂ `mK-߃:˛

KpW-{]-I-c-Ww, i_vZm¿∞-{]-I-c-Ww, [z\n {]I-c-Ww, ck-{]-I-cWw (D-]-hn-`m-K-߃ th- .

\n¿Δ-N-\hpw hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw am{Xw aXn.)

samUyqƒ ˛2

hyØhpw Ae-¶m-chpw: `mjm-`q-j-W-Ønse Ae-¶mc \n¿Δ-N-\hpw hn`-P-\-hpw, `mjm-`q-j-

W-Ønse Ae-¶m-c-ß-sf-°p-dn®v kmam-\y-[m-cW thWw. hni-Z-amb ]T-\-Øn\v Xmsg-∏-d-bp-

∂h am{Xw aXn.

kmtaym‡n hn`mKw ˛ D]-a, Zo]-Iw, cq]-Iw, D¬t{]-£, {]Xn-h-kvXp-]-a, ZrjvSm-¥w, A{]-

kvXpX {]iwk (A-e-¶m-c-ß-fpsS kmay hyXym-k-߃ A]-{K-Yn®v Imhy-`m-j-bpsS cq]o-I-c-

WsØ kw_-‘n® `mc-Xo-b-amb \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ \nco-£n®-dn-bWw)

AXn-i-tbm‡n hn`mKw:˛ cq]m-Im-Xn-i-tbm-‡n, Dt√-Jw, hntcm-[m-`mkw

hmkvX-thm‡n hn`mKw:˛ kz`m-thm-‡n, A¿∞m-]-Øn, Imhy-enw-Kw, A¿∞m-¥-c-\ymkw

t«tjm‡n hn`mKw :˛ t«-jw, kam-tkm‡n

i_vZm-e-¶m-c-ß-sf-°p-dn®v kmam\y [mcW thWw. Imhy-Øns‚ `mh-cq] inev]-ßsf cq]-

s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ i_vZm-e-¶m-c-߃°p≈ ]¶v ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°-Ww. hni-Z-amb ]T-

\-Øn\v ba-Iw, ZznXo-b-£-c-{]mkw F∂nh am{Xw aXn. hrØw:˛ hyØhpw Ihn-Xbpw, {][m-

\-s∏´ kwkvIrX hrØ-ßfpw `mjm-hy-Ø-ßfpw am{Xw hni-Z-ambn ]Tn-®m¬ aXn. hrØ-a-

RvP-cn-bnse hrØ-ßsf kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-´n-cn-°-Ww.

hni-Z-amb ]T-\-Øn\v kwkvIrX hrØ-ß-fn¬ A\p-jvSp-∏v, C{μ-h-{P, ctYm-≤-X, {ZpX-hn-fw-

_n-Xw, hk-¥-Xn-e-Iw, im¿Zq-e-hn-{Io-Un-Xw, {kKv≤-c, IpkpaaRvP-cn, hntbm-Kn-\n,

]pjv]]nXm{K F∂nh am{Xw aXn. `mjm hrØ-ß-fn¬ Infn-∏m´p hrØ-߃, Xp≈¬∏m-´p-

hr-Ø-߃, KmY, k¿∏n-Wn, \tXm-∂X F∂nh am{Xw aXn

{ZmhnU kuμcy imkv{Xw.

45hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

XnW k¶ev]w (C-¥y≥ kmln-Xy-kn-≤m¥w ˛ {]k-‡nbpw km[y-Xbpw ) ˛ sI. Aø-∏-Wn-

°¿

samUyqƒ 3

]m›mXy kmlnXy kn≤m-¥-߃ B[p-\nI Ime-L-´w-h-sc. tπt‰m, Acn-tÃm-´n¬ XpS-

ßnbhcpsS kn≤m-¥-߃. tπt‰m-bpsS A\p-I-c-W-hm-Zw, Imhy {]tNm-Z-\sØ kw_-

‘n® A`n-{]mbw, Iem-Im-c-∑msc Ipdn®v tπt‰m, tπmt‰m-bpsS Ncn-{X-{]m-[m\yw

Acn-tÃm-´n¬ :˛A-\p-I-c-W-hm-Zw, {SmP-UnbpsS \n¿Δ-N-\w, Bdp-L-S-I-߃, CXn-hr-Ø-sØ-

°p-dn-®p≈ A`n-{]m-b-߃, hyXykvX kmlnXy cq]-߃, tIma-Unbpw F∏n°pw {SmP-Un-

bpw. IYm¿knkv

sdmam‚nIv bpKw-˛ th¿Uvkvh¿Øv, endn-°¬ _me-Uvkns‚ Bap-J-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw.

th¿Uvkv h¿Øns‚ Imhy-\n¿Δ-N-\w, `mh-\bv°v sImSpØ {]m[m-\yw, Imhy-`m-j-sb-°p-

dn®v th¿Uvkv h¿Øv ˛ tImƒdnUvPv Ihn {]Xn-`-sb-°p-dn®v ˛ Cam-Pn-t\-j\pw ^m‚-kn-bpw.

Imhy-`m-h-\-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ tImƒdn-UvPns‚ \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ.

klm-bI-{K-Ÿ-߃

]m›m-Xy-km-lnXy XXz-imkv{Xw ˛ sI. Fw. Xc-I≥

]m›mXy kmlnXy Z¿i\w ˛ Fw. ANyp-X≥

\h-c-X-cwKw ˛ Fw. eoem-hXn

samUypƒ ˛4

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

1. ssieo-\njvT \ncq-]Ww ˛ tUm. hn. B¿. {]t_m-[-N-{μ≥ \mb¿,

(k-a-Ime \ncq-]-W-Øns‚ hyXy-kvX-ap-J-߃) ˛ ]n. sI. ]c-ta-iz-c≥\m-b¿ kvamcI

{KŸm-hen

2. LS-\m-hm-Zhpw Nn”-im-kv{Xhpw ˛ tUm. kn. cmtP-{μ≥

3. am¿IvknÃv \ncq-]Ww ˛ ]n. tKmhn-μ-]n≈

(k-a-Ime \ncq-]-W-Øns‚ hyXy-kvX-ap-J-߃)

4. A]-\n¿ΩmWw ˛ XØzhpw {]tbm-Khpw ˛ hn. kn. {ioP≥

(B-[p-\n-Im\¥c kmlnXy kao-]-\-߃)

5. s^an-\nÃv kmlnXy hna¿i\w ˛ F≥. sI. cho-{μ≥

(B-[p-\n-Im\¥c kmlnXy kao-]-\-߃)

*********************

Code. MA5B10

ska-ÿ˛ V

tImg-kv-˛10

KZy-km-lnXyw

]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃

46GI-tZiw Bbncw h¿j߃°v apºv Bcw-`n®v H´-[nIw ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS cq]w

{]m]n® ae-bmf KZy-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ Imen-I-amb hnImk {]{In-b-Isf Ipdn®v hnZym¿∞n-

Isf t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-sIm-Sp-°p-I.

KZy-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ kmam\y hnh-c-Whpw {]mNo\ a≤y-Ime B[p-\nI KZy-cq-]-ß-fpsS

amXr-Ibpw kqNn-∏n-®p-sIm- v hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v ae-bmf KZy-km-ln-XysØ Ipdn®v kmam\y

]cn-⁄m\w t\Sm≥ klm-bn-°p-I.

samUyqƒ 1

a. KZyw - ˛K-Zy-km-lnXyw ˛ KZy-Øn-s‚bpw KZy-km-ln-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw Ncn{Xw ˛ ae-bmf KZy-

Øns‚ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb Ah-tem-I\w

imk-\-Im-ew˛ imk-\-ß-fpsS cq]-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, en]n-hn-\ym-kw, `mjm-]-c-amb

khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, imk-\-`mj ka-Im-eo\ `mjsb F{X-am{Xw {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p, sIm√-

h¿jm-cw-`-Ønse `mj imk-\-ßsf Bkv]-Z-am°n a\- n-em-°p-I. hm°p-Iƒ, ssien-Iƒ,

k‘n, h¿Æ-]-cn-Wmaw F∂o `mjm-]-c-amb {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ°v Du∂¬ \¬I-Ww.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

1. hmg-∏n≈n imk\w \º¿ ˛ 1 D≤-cWw ˛ tIcf `mj-bpsS hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-߃

2. `mjm IuS-eobw \º¿ ˛ 1 D≤-cWw ˛ tIcf `mj-bpsS hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-߃

b. a≤y-Ime KZyw ˛aWn-{]-hm-fhpw KZy-km-ln-Xyhpw. a≤y-Im-esØ KZy-cq-]-߃, IqØpw

IqSn-bm-´hpw KZy-Øns‚ hnIm-k-Øn¬ sNep-Ønb kzm[o-\w. B´ {]Im-c-ßfpw {Ia-Zo-]n-I-

I-fpw, \ºym¿ Xangv ˛ `mjm-]-c-amb {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ ˛ a[y-Ime KZy-sØ-°p-dn®v eoem-Xn-

eIw \¬Ip∂ kqN-\-Iƒ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

Aw_-co-tjm-]m-Jym\w: ˛ tUm. ]n. sI. \mcm-b-W-]n≈

“{io]p-cp-tjm-Ø-a≥.---˛˛-˛˛Pz-en-°n‚nXp” D≤-cWw : {]mNo\ ae-bm-f-K-Zy-am-Xr-I-Iƒ

iq¿∏-W-Jm¶w \º¿ 1 ˛ D≤-cWw: tIcf `mj-bpsS hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-߃

samUypƒ 2

sshtZ-inI kzm[o\w ˛ anj-W-dn-am-cpsS BK-a-\w, ae-bmf `mj-bv°p-- mb hf¿®, DZbw

t]cq¿ kp\-l-tZm-kns‚ Imew, A®-Sn, ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\w, kwt£-]-th-Zm¿∞w,

]pt√en°p©p XpS-ßnb IrXn-Iƒ. ]mtd-am-°¬ tXmam IØ-\m¿, tPm¿÷v amØ≥,

Kp- ¿´v, B¿®v Uo°≥ tImin XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS kw`m-h-\-Iƒ. ]{X-am-kn-I-Iƒ, B[p-\nI

KZy-Øn-te-°p≈ ]cn-h¿Ø\w, ]mT-]p-kvX-I-߃ ˛ tIc-f-h¿Ω hen-b-tIm-bn-Ø-ºp-cm≥,

F. B¿ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω, A∏≥ Xºp-cm≥, kztZ-im-`n-am\n cma-Ir-jvW-∏n≈ XpS-ßnb BZy-

Ime KZy-Im-c-∑m¿, KZy-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ hn`n∂ imJ-Iƒ, k¿§m-fl-Ihpw kmt¶-Xn-I-hp-am-b

`mj, D]-\ym-kw, IY, t\mh¬ XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS D¤-hw.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

h¿Ø-am-\-∏p-kvXIw (B-Zy-]m-Zw) ˛ ]mtd-am-°¬ tXmam-°-Ø-\m¿

Fs‚ arK-bm-kva-c-W-Iƒ -˛ tIc-f-h¿Ω-h-en-b-tIm-bn-Ø-ºp-cm≥

47\ms´-gp-Ø-»≥am¿ ˛ tIkcn thß-bn¬ Ip™n-cm-a≥ \mb-

\m¿

`mh-\m-i‡n ˛ aq¿t°m-Øp-Ip-am-c≥

samUypƒ 3

ka-Im-eo\ KZyw ˛ B[p-\nI KZy-Øns‚ hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-߃, KZy-c-N-\-bnse ]pXnb

kao-]-\-߃ . ka-Im-eo\ KZy-`mj ˛ ]pXnb hm°p-Ifpw `mjm-L-S-\bpw

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

1. B\bpw A¬]w sXep¶pw ˛ F. ]n. DZ-b-`m\p (D-Z-b-`m-\p-hns‚ sXc-s™-SpØ

D]-\ym-k-߃, Un. kn. _pIvkv)

2. \mS-Im-`n-\bw Nne Nn¥-Ifpw ˛ ssI\n-°c Ipam-c-]n≈ (ssI-\n-°cbpsS {]_-‘-

߃,

kvac-W-Ifpw en‰n¬ {]n≥kv {]-kn-≤o-I-c-Ww)

3. Nn¥n-t∏mb HtcSv ˛ Fw. B¿. _n. (ap-J-—m-b-Iƒ)

4. A∂-hn-Nmcw ˛ Ip™pÆn (Ip-™pÆn amjpw Ipt´ym-fpw)

samUypƒ ˛ 4

Poh-N-cn-{Xw, Bfl-I-Y, kvac-W-Iƒ, bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-߃ F∂o kmlnXy imJ-I-fn¬ ae-

bm-f-`m-j-°p-- mb hf¿®.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

{_m“-Wy-Øn-\p-t\sc (B-fl-I-Y) ˛ C. Fw. Fkv. (Nn¥m ]ªn-tjgvkv)

taa\ (a-\-km-kva-cm-an) ˛ s{]m^. Fkv. Kp]vX≥ \mb¿

Hm¿a-bn¬ `oXn-Z-amb Hcp bm{X ˛ Fw. ]n. hotc-{μ-Ip-am¿, amXr-`qan _pIvkv

(ssl-a-h-X-`q-hn¬)

alm-Ihn (Nn-Zw-_-c-kva-c-W) ˛ _me-N-{μ≥ Np≈n-°mSv

klm-bI {KŸ-߃

tIc-f-`m-j-bpsS hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-߃ ˛ Cfw-Ipfw Ip™≥ ]n≈

tIcf kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw ˛ D≈q¿

ssIc-fn-bpsS IY ˛ F≥. IrjvW-]n≈

KZyw ]n∂n´ hgn-Iƒ ˛ Fkv. Kp]vX≥\m-b¿

{]mNo\ ae-bmfw ˛ ]pXp-t»cn cma-N-{μ≥

{]mNo-\-a-e-bmf KZy-am-Xr-I-Iƒ ˛ tUm. ]n.sI \mcm-b-W-]n≈

sXcs™-SpØ {]_-‘-߃ ˛ tUm. sI. F≥. Fgp-Ø—≥

ae-bm-f-ssien ˛ Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cm¿

ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw IrkvXym-\n-Ifpw ˛ ]n. sP. tXma v

a[y-Im-e-a-e-bmfw ˛ tUm. ]n. hn. them-bp-[≥]n≈

amkn-Im-]-T-\-߃ ˛ Pn. {]nb-Z¿i≥

kmln-Xy-kmlyw ˛ F. B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

*****************

48Code. MA6B11

ska-ÿ˛ VI tImg-kv-˛1

\mtSm-Sn-hn-⁄m-\obw

]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃

\mtSm-Sn-kw-km-Im-c-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ⁄m\w kºm-Zn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS kzXz-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

Ah-t_m[w krjvSn-°pI.

\mtSmSn hn⁄m-\obw F∂ hn⁄m-\-im-Jsb AXn-ep-- m-bn-´p≈ ]pXnb Nn¥-I-fpsS

shfn-®-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°p-I.

tIcf kwkvImc ]T-\-Øn\v A\p-_-‘-amb [mc-W-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-°p-I.

t^mIvtemdns‚ F√m taJ-e-I-sf-°p-dn®pw ka-{K-amb [mcW cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

tIc-fob kaq-l-Øns‚ XpS¿®-bpw hnIm-khpw cq]-s∏-Sepw \n¿Æ-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \mtSm-Sn-hn-

⁄m-\ob Nn¥-Isf {]tbm-P-\s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ {]m]vXn-t\-Sp-I.

t^mIvtem¿ tiJ-c-W-Øn-\p≈ imkv{Xo-b-amb {]tbmK sshZKv[yw t\Sp-I.

tiJ-cn® t^mIvtemdp-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-SpØn ]T-\-߃ Xøm-dm-°p-hm≥ {]m]vXn t\Sp-I.

PmXn-˛-aX \nc-t]-£-amb tIc-fob s]mXp-Po-hnX kwkvIm-csØ Dƒs°m-≈pI

\mtSmSn hn⁄m-\o-b-Øns‚ ]cn-t{]-£y-Øn¬ Zen-Xv, ]cn-ÿn-Xn, kv{XohmZ Nn¥-Isf

cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

ae-bmf `mj-bp-tSbpw kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw A¥ v Db¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw kzXzm-`n-am\w h¿≤n-

∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw {ian-°p-I.

\mtSm-Sn-hn-⁄m-\o-b-Øn¬ D∂-X-]-T-\-Øn\pw Kth-j-W-Øn\pw th- ASn-ÿm\w cq]-s∏-

Sp-Øp-I.

samUypƒ 1.: \mtSm-Sn-hn-⁄m-\obw (Folkloristics)

1. \mtSm-Sn-hn-⁄m-\obw F∂ hn⁄m-\-imJ cq]-s∏-Sp∂ kml-N-cyhpw Ncn-{Xhpw

2. \mtSm-Sn-hn-⁄m-\o-b-Øns‚ e£yhpw hym]vXnbpw ]T-\-co-Xnbpw

3. ^o¬Uv kb≥kv (Field Science) F∂ \ne-bn¬ \mtSm-Sn-hn-⁄m-\o-b-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw.

{]km-c-I≥, Bth-Z-I≥, afi-ehr-Øn, (Field work) A`n-ap-Jw, tNmZym-h-en Xøm-dm-°¬

4. ]pXnb {]h-W-X-Iƒ˛t^mIvtemdn-kw, {]bp‡ t^mIvtem¿, \mK-cnIt^mIvtem¿

5. \mtSm-Sn-hn-⁄m-\o-b-Øns‚ ka-Ime ]cn-kcw ˛P\-{]n-b-I-e-Iƒ, am[y-a-߃, ]c-ky-

߃, kvt]m¿Svkv F∂n-hsb Ipdn-®p≈ \mtSm-Sn-hn-⁄m-\-]-c-amb hymJym-\-߃

6. t^mIvtem¿ h¿§o-I-cWw ˛ km¿h-eu-InI h¿§o-I-c-W-Øns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ

7. ae-bm-f-Ønse t^mIvtem¿ ]T-\-ßfpw tIc-f-Ønse t^mIvtem¿ {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw

8. t^mIvtem¿ kwc-£-Whpw t^mIvtem¿ ayqkn-bhpw

klm-bI {KŸ-߃ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn apI-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ]mTy-`m-K-ß-sf-°p-

dn®v kmam-\y-amb [mcW t\tS-- -Xm-Wv.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

t^mIvtem¿ ]T\w: C∂se C∂v ˛ tUm. cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mS,v F^v. F^v. Fw.

49 (t^mIvtem¿ kt¶-X-ßfpw k¶-ev]-\-ß- fpw) ]ªn-t°-j≥kv ]ø-∂q¿, 1999

t^mIvtem¿ ]T-\-Øns‚ cmjv{Sobw ˛ F®v. sI. kt¥mjv

(t^mIvtem¿ hgnbpw s]mcp-fpw.)

samUypƒ ˛2: hmsam-gn-h-g°w

1. \mS≥]m-´p-Iƒ

a. \mtSmSn CXn-lm-k-߃

b \mtSmSn IYm-Km-\-߃

c sXmgn¬ ]m´p-Iƒ

d Ip´n-I-fpsS ]m´p-Iƒ

e hnt\m-Z-Km-\-߃

f A\p-jvTm\ Km\-߃

2. \mtSmSn KZy-I-Ym-Jym-\-߃

a \mtSm-Sn-°-Y-Iƒ

b ]pcm-hr-Ø-߃

c sFXn-ly-߃

d ]g-s©m-√p-Iƒ

e ISw-I-Y-Iƒ

f \mtSm-Sn-`m-jWw

Hmtcm hn`m-K-Øn\pw DZm-l-c-W-߃ tIc-f-Ønse hmsam-gnhg° t^mIvtemdp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw

Is- -tØ-- -Xm-Wv. klm-bI {KŸ-߃ {]tbm-P-\s∏-SpØn Hmtcm C\-Øn-epw-s]´

t^mIvtemdp-I-sf-°p-dn®v kmam-\y-[m-cW t\tS-- -Xm-Wv.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

Btcm-ap-Æn-bpsS A¶-∏p-d-∏mSv ˛ tUm. Fw. B¿. cmL-h-hm-cy¿,

(tI-c-f- t^mIvtem¿) ˛ FUn-. tUm. cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mSv

F^v. F^v. Fw. ]ªn-t°-j≥kv ]ø-∂q¿,

1997

hb-\m-´p-Ip-e-h≥ (tI-c-f- t^mIvtem¿) ˛ Fw. F. dlv-am≥

FUn-. tUm. cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mSv

F^v. F^v. Fw. ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, ]ø-∂q¿,

1997.

samUyqƒ 3: \mtSm-Sn-cw-K-I-e-Iƒ

1. \mtSm-Sn-\rØw ˛ A\p-jvTm-\-]-chpw hnt\m-Z-]-c-hp-amb \rØ-߃, kwL-\r-Ø-߃

2. \mtSmSn-\m-SIw ˛ A\p-jvTm-\-]-chpw hnt\m-Z-]-c-hp-amb \rØ-߃, kwL-\r-Ø-߃

3. \mtSmSn kwKoXw ˛ klm-bI {KŸ-߃ {]tbm-P-\s∏-SpØn tIc-f-Ønse \mtSm-Sn-cw-K-

I-e-I-sf-°p-dn®v kmam-\y-[m-cW t\tS-- -Xm-Wv.

tIcØnse \mtSmSn \rØ-ß-fmb sXøw, ]qX\pw Xnd-bpw, tIma-cw, k¿∏wXp≈¬,

Ifw-]m-´v, Imf-I-fn, BZn-hm-kn-\r-Øw, Xncp-hm-Xnc Ifn, H∏-\, am¿Kw-I-fn F∂n-hsb

50Ipdn®pw \mtSmSn \mS-I-ß-fmb apSn-tb- ‰v, Im°-c»n \mS-Iw, IWym¿I-fn, ]qdm-´v,

NmØn-cm¶w F∂n-hsb Ipdn®pw kmam-\y-amb [mcW t\tS-- -Xm-Wv.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

\mtSmSnkwKoXw (tI-c-f-Ønse \mS≥I-e-Iƒ) ˛ tUm. F. sI. \ºym¿

F≥. _n. Fkv, tIm´bw 1989

the-h-chv (tKm-{X-I-em-h-Sn-hp-Iƒ) ˛ tUm. kn. B¿. cmP-tKm-]me≥

\m´-dn-hp-]-T-\-tI-{μw, IWn-aw-Kew

samUyqƒ 4 : \mtSmSn `uXn-I-kw-kvIm-cw, kmaq-lym-Nm-c-ßfpw \m´-dn-hp-I-fpw.

1. \mtSmSnssIth-e-Iƒ ˛ a¨]m-{Xw, ssIØdn

2. \mtSmSn kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy ˛ Im¿jn-tIm-]-I-c-W-߃, DuØm-e-Iƒ

3. \mtSmSn hmkvXp-hnZy ˛ tIc-fob Krl-\n¿ΩmWw

4. \mtSm-Sn-sshZyw ˛ AΩqΩ sshZyw Huj-[-k-ky-߃

5. \m´p-`-£Ww ˛ `£-W-ssh-hn-[y-߃, ]mN-I-hnZy

6. \m´m-Nm-c-߃ ˛ hnhm-lm-Nm-c-߃, ac-Wm\-¥c BNm-c-߃

7. \mtSmSn hmZy-߃ ˛ ]p≈ph hoW, ]p≈p-h-°p-Sw, \¥pWn, ]d

8. \m´-dn-hp-Iƒ ˛ Irjn, a’y-_-‘-\w, kky-k-ºØv

klm-bI {KŸ-߃ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn F√m-hn-`m-K-ßsf Ipdn®pw kmam-\y-amb

[mcW t\tS-- -Xm-Wv.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

tKm{X-h¿§ kky-hn-⁄m\w (k-ky-ß-fpsS ˛ tUm. C. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥

\m´-dnhv) Un. kn. _pIvkv, tIm´bw 2004

DuØme ˛ hn. F®v Zncm¿, kwkvIrXn, IÆq¿

Un. kn. _pIvkv, tIm´-bw, 2009

{]h¿Ø-\-߃

1. Hmtcm samUyq--fn¬ \n∂pw Hcp skan-\m¿ F¶nepw Xøm-dm°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-t°-- -Xm-Wv.

2. Hmtcm hnZym¿∞nbpw Hcp t^mIvtem¿ C\-sa-¶nepw imkv{Xo-b-ambn tiJ-cn®v {]_-‘-cq-

]-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-t°-- -Xm-Wv.

3. t^mIvtem¿ ayqknbw Hcp-°p-∂-Xn-\mbv Hmtcm hnZym¿∞nbpw ]cn-{i-an-t°-- -Xm-Wv.

4. GsX-¶nepw Hcp t^mIvtemdns‚ Ah-X-c-W-k-μ¿`-Øn¬ sN∂v t\cn-´p≈ \nco-£W

]cn-Nbw hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ t\tS-- -Xm-Wv.

5. arXhpw A⁄m-X-hp-amb t^mIvtemdp-Iƒ kam-l-cn-°p-hm\pw kwc-£n-°p-hm\pw

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ {]tXyI ]cn-io-e-\hpw Xmev]-cyhpw ]pe¿tØ-- -Xm-Wv.

6. t^mIvtem¿ Ah-X-c-W-ßfpw skan-\m-dp-Ifpw kwL-Sn-∏n-t°-- -Xm-Wv.

7. HmUntbm hnjz¬ km[y-X-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-- -Xm-Wv.

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃

t^mIvtem¿ ˛ tUm. cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mSv

51 tIcf `mjmC≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-

]p-cw, 1992

t^mIvtem¿ ]T\w˛ kn≤m-¥-X-ew ˛ F≥. `‡-h-’e sdÕn

\mtSmSn hn⁄m-\obw ˛ tUm. Fw. hn. hnjvWp-\-ºq-Xncn

Un. kn. _pIvkv tIm´bw

t^mIvtem¿ kmt¶-X-ßfpw ]cn-I-ev]-\-Ifpw ˛ tUm. cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mSv

F^v. F^v. Fw. ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, ]ø-

∂q¿

t^mIvtem¿ \nL- p ˛ tUm. Fw. hn. hnjvWp-\-ºq-Xncn

Un. kn. _pIvkv, tIm´bw

tIcf t^mIvtem¿ ˛ FUn-. tUm. cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mSv

F^v. F^v. Fw. ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, ]ø-

∂q¿

t{Km{X-I-em-h-Sn-hp-Iƒ ˛ tUm. kn. B¿ cmP-tKm-]m-e≥

\m´-dn-hp-]-T-\-tI{μw , IWn-aw-Kew

t^mIv tem¿ kn≤m-¥-߃ ˛ tUm. kn. B¿. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥

tIcf `mjmC≥Ãn-‰yq´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw,

2007

tI-c-f-Ønse \mS≥ Ie-Iƒ ˛ tUm. F. sI. \ºym¿, F≥. _n. Fkv.

tUm. kn. B¿ cmP-tKm-]m-e≥ FUn‰v sNbvXv Un. kn. _pIvkv {]kn-≤o-I-cn® Xmsg ]d-

bp∂ ]pkvX-I-߃.

1) \mtSmSn ssIthe 2) Irjn-bpsS \m´-dn-hp-Iƒ

3) kky-ß-fpsS \m´-dnhv 4) \m´p-`-£Ww

*******************

Code. MA6B12

ska-ÿ˛ VI tImg-kv-˛12

ae-bmfIhnX ˛ DØ-c-L´w

]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃

ka-Im-eo\ ae-bmf Ihn-Xsb ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-ØpI

\thm-∞m-\-Øn-\p-tijw ae-bmf Ihn-X-bn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏´ ]pXnb {]h-W-X-I-sf-Ip-dn®p

]Tn-°p-I. Ihn-{X-b-Øn\pw sshtem-∏n-≈n, CS-t»cn, ]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥ \mb¿, i¶-c-°p-dp∏v

XpSßnbh¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n® Ihn-Xm-[m-c-Iƒ°pw tijw ae-bmf IhnX k©-cn® hgn-Iƒ

Xncn-®-dn-bp-I. ka-Im-enI Ihn-X-bpsS cq]-]chpw `mh-]-c-hp-amb khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ a\- n-em-

°p-I.

52samUyqƒ 1

\thm-∞m-\-Øn-\p-tijw Imev]-\n-I-amb `mhp-I-Xz-tØmSv tN¿∂p-\n¬°p∂ Ihn-X-Iƒ ˛

¢mknIv B`n-apJyw ˛ ]mc-º-cy-O-μ- p-I-fpsS D]-tbmKw ˛ B[p-\n-I-X-bn-te°v Xpd-∂n-Sp∂

am¿§-߃ ˛ H. F≥. hn. Ipdp-∏v, kpK-X-Ip-amcn, hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xn-cn, B¿. cma-N-

{μ≥, Fw. F≥. ]meq¿, Pn. Ipam-]n≈, ap√-t\gn XpS-ßnb Ihn--I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

tNmdqWv ˛ H. F≥. hn. Ipdp∏v

IrjvWm, \osbs∂ Adn-bn√ ˛ kpK-X-Ip-amcn

D÷-bn-\nbnse cm∏-I-ep-Iƒ ˛ hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xncn

H∂p-an√ ˛ B¿. cma-N-{μ≥

samUyqƒ 2

ae-bmf Ihn-X-bnse B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS BZy-L´w ˛ cq]-]-c-amb B[p-\n-IX ˛ Cd-°p-aXn

sNø-s∏´ B[p-\n-IX F∂ hna¿i\w t\cn-tS-- n-h∂ kml-Ncyw ˛ ]m›mXy B[p-\n-I-X-

bp-am-bp≈ kmay-hy-Xym-k-߃, Imev]-\n-I-X-tbm-Sp≈ Ielw F∂ \ne-bn¬ B[p-\n-I-X,

F≥. F≥. I°m-Sv, F≥. hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-b¿, A°n-Øw, Aø-∏-∏Wn-°¿ XpS-ßnb Ihn-I-

fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

]m¿°n¬ ˛ F≥. F≥. I°mSv

]- sØ taim¥n ˛ A°nØw

aZn-cm-in-bn¬ Hcp kmbm”w ˛ F≥. hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-b¿

arXyp-]qP ˛ Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿

samUyqƒ 3

ae-bmf Ihn-X-bnse DØ-c-L´w ˛ cq]-]-c-amb B[p-\n-I-Xbv°v tijw cq]-s∏´ cmjv{Sob

B[p-\n-I-X, B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS Nph∂ hm¬ F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏´ cmjv{Sob Ahÿ ˛

CS-Xp-]£ Xo{hhmZw kmln-Xy-Øns‚ `mhp-I-XzsØ Fßs\ kzm[o-\n®p F∂ ]T\w.

IS-Ω\n-´, sI. Pn. i¶-c-∏n-≈, k®n-Zm-\-μ≥, B‰q¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS Ihn-X-Iƒ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

IpdØn ˛ IS-Ω-\n´

kw{I-aWw ˛ B‰q¿ chn-h¿Ω

_wKmƒ ˛ sI. Pn. i¶-c-∏n≈

]\n ˛ k®n-Zm-\-μ≥

samUyqƒ 4

ae-bmf Ihn-X-bnse B[p-\n-I-L-´-Øn¬ Fgp-Xp-Ibpw cq]-]-chpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb

B[p\nIX-bpsS hgn-I-fn¬ \n∂v amdn k©-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX Fgp-Øp-Im-cpsS Ihn-X-I-

fpsS ]T-\w. F. Aø-∏≥, Un. hn\-b-N-{μ≥, _me-N-{μ≥ Np≈n-°m-Sv, tZi-aw-Kew cma-Ir-

jvW≥, Ipco-∏pg {ioIp-am¿ XpS-ßnb Ihn--I-fpsS Ihn-X-I-fpsS ]T-\w.

_p≤\pw B´n≥Ip-´nbpw ˛ F. Aø-∏≥

Imbn-°-c-bnse IS¬ ˛ Un. hn\-b-N-{μ≥

FhnsS tPm¨ ˛ _me-N-{μ≥ Np≈n-°mSv

53Nm¿hm-I≥ ˛ Iqco-∏pg {ioIp-am¿

samUyqƒ 5

ka-Im-enI Ihn-X-bnse hnhn[ {]h-W-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-I. ]cn-ÿnXn ˛ kv{Xo ˛ ZenXv

{]Xn-\n-[m-\-߃ Ihn-X-bn¬ Fßs\ {]I-S-am-Ip∂p F∂ ]T-\w. ]pXnb Ihn-X-bpsS cq]-

]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ. ]n. ]n. cma-N-{μ≥, d^oIv Al-Ω-Zv, cmhqÆn, sI. hn. t__n, ]n.

cma≥, sI. B¿ tSmWn, Fkv. tPmk^v, taml\IrjvW≥ Ime-Sn, hn. Fw. KncnP, A\nX

Xºn, kmhn{Xn cmPo-h≥, at\mPv Ipdq¿, A≥h¿ Aen, hn. Pn. Xºn, AarX, hocm≥Ip´n

XpS-ßnb Ihn-I-fpsS Ihn-X-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

efnXw ˛ ]n. ]n. cma-N-{μ≥

inh-KwK ˛ AarX

ag-s∏m-´≥ ˛ taml-\-Ir-jvW≥ ImeSn

]qh-c-ins‚ tNm´n¬ ˛ Fkv. tPmk^v

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃

B[p-\nI kmlnXy Ncn{Xw ˛ FUn. sI. Fw. tPm¿÷v

{]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eqsS

ae-bmf IhnXm kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw ˛ tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn

B[p-\n-IX ae-bmf Ihn-X-bn¬ ˛ tUm. F≥. AP-b-Ip-am¿

B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS cmjv{Sob kuμcyw ˛ tUm. ]n. tkma≥

F¥mWv B[p-\n-IX ˛ Fw . apIp-μ≥

Ihn-Xbpw ]mc-º-cyhpw ˛ F≥. F≥. I°mSv

B[p-\n-Im-\¥c kmln-Xy-k-ao-]-\-߃ ˛ FUn. kn. sP. tPm¿÷v

DØ-cm-[p-\n-IX: h¿Ø-am-\hpw hwim-h-enbpw ˛ sI. ]n. A-∏≥

Ihn-Xm-cXn ˛ tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn

h¿W-cmPn ˛ tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn

***************

Code. MA6B13

ska-ÿ˛ VI tImg-kv-˛13

ae-bmf kmlnXy hna¿i\w

]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃

54ae-bmf hna¿i\ kmln-XysØ kmam-\y- ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-I. Ime-L-´-ßfneqsS-bp≈

hf¿® a\- n-em-°p-I. hnhn[ hna¿i\ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Fßs\ ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn¬ {]tbm-

Kn-®p-sh∂v a\- n-em-°p-I.

samUyqƒ 1

Ah-Xm-cnI (a-e-bmf \ncq-]Ww C∂-se) ˛ Fkv Kp]vX≥\mb¿

{]mk-hmZw (km-lnXy ka-c-߃) ˛ sI. `mkv°c ]n≈, NBS tIm´bw

abq-c-k-tμiw (a-e-bmf \ncq-]Ww C∂-se) ˛ kn. ]n. ANyp-X-ta-t\m≥

\f-N-cnXw B´-°-Y-bv°p≈ ˛ F. B¿. cmP-cmP h¿Ω

Im¥m-c-Xm-cIw Ah-Xm-cnI

sNdp-t»cn (]-©m-\-\s‚ hna¿i-{X-bw) ˛ kmlnXy ]©m-\-\≥ ]n.sI.\mcm-b-W-

]n≈

Ihn-Xbpw ]Zyhpw (a-e-bm-f-\n-cq-]Ww C∂-se) ˛ kn. A¥-∏mbn

samUyqƒ 2

I∂n-s°m-bvØns‚ Ah-Xm-cnI ˛ Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cm¿

_mey-Im-e-k-Jn-bpsS Ah-Xm-cnI ˛ Fw. ]n. t]mƒ

Imfn-Zm-k\pw Ime-Øns‚ Zmk≥ ˛ ap- t»cn

\nXy-X-bn¬ Aen-bp∂ \nanjw ˛ Fw. sI. km\p

(A-im-¥n-bn¬ \n∂v im¥n-bn-te-°v)

DZ-b-Øn-\p-apºpw ]nºpw (E-Xp-]-cn-h¿Ø-\w) ˛ sI. ]n. i¶-c≥

samUyqƒ 3

hmg-°p-ebpw ]n≥ap-d-°mcpw ˛ Xmbm-´p-i-¶-c≥

(sX-c-s™-SpØ {]_-‘-߃)

IÆo¿∏mSw (Im-hy-hyq¬∏-Øn) ˛ Fw. ]n. i¶pÆn \mb¿ (am-Xr-`q-an)

h≈-tØmƒ Ihnbpw a\p-jy\pw (\-h-X-cw-Kw) ˛ tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn

klys‚ aI≥ (io¿jm-k-\w) ˛ Fw. F≥. hnP-b≥

IpSn-sbm-gn-°¬ (A-h-Xm-cn-I) ˛ F≥. hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-b¿

samUyqƒ 4

{]W-b-Øns‚ A[-c-kn-μqcw sIms- -gp-Xnb IY ˛ sI. ]n. A∏≥

(I-Y, BJym-\hpw A\p-`-h-k-Ø-bpw)

F≥. hn. Ihn-X-bnse tZiob ]cn-t{]£yw ˛ Fw. B¿. cmL-h-hm-cn-b¿

(hm-b-\-bpsS hgn-Iƒ)

h≈-tØm-fns\ hos- -Sp-°¬ (ho-s- -Sp-∏p-Iƒ) ˛ ]n. ]n. cho-{μ≥

]nXr-L-Sn-Imcw (]n-Xr-L-Sn-Im-cw) ˛ ]n. sI. cmP-ti-J-c≥

Ihn-X-bpsS Ipcp-Ø-t°-Sv, hmb-\-bp-sSbpw ˛ hn. kn. lmcnkv

(F-gpØpw hmb-\-bpw)

kml-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃:

ae-bm-f-\n-cq-]Ww C∂se ˛ FUn. Fkv Kp]vX≥ \mb¿

tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

55ae-bmf kmlnXy hna¿i\w ˛ kpIp-am¿ Ago-t°mSv

ae-bmf \ncq-]Ww {]mcw-`-L´w ˛ ]n. sI. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ \mb¿ kvamI {KŸm-

hen

ae-bmf \ncq-]Ww: a[y-L´w ˛ ]n. sI. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ \mb¿ kvamI {KŸm-

hen

ae-bmf \ncq-]Ww: B[p-\nI L´w ˛ ]n. sI. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ \mb¿ kvamI

{KŸm-hen

ka-Ime \ncq-]-W-Øns‚ hyXykvX apJ-߃ ˛ ]n. sI. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ \mb¿ kvamI {KŸm-

hen

********************

Code. MA6B14 ska-ÿ˛ VI tImg-kv-˛14

tIc-fob cwK-I-e-Iƒ

]T-\-k-abw : 90 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃

\mtSmSn A\p-jvTm-\-I-e-Iƒ apX¬ ssieo-\njvT Ie-Iƒ hsc-bp≈ Ie-I-tfbpw ]m›mXy

kzm[o-\-Øn-eqsS kz¥-ambn cq]w sImSpØ Ie-I-tfbpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

Ch-bpsS Kth-j-Wm-fl-I-amb ]T-\-Øn\v t{]cn-∏n-°pI

`mc-Xo-bhpw hntZ-io-b-hp-amb \mSy-k-¶¬]-߃°-Xo-X-amb Hcp \mSy-]m-c-ºcyw tIcfw

Fßs\ t\Sn-sb-SpØp F∂ Xncn-®-dnhv D- m-°p-I.

hniz-{]-kn-≤-amb Hcp ]c-º-cm-K-X-ssien Zriy Ie-bn¬ tIc-f-Øn-\p-- v. Ch-sb-°p-dn®p

kmam-\y-⁄m\w t\Sn-bn-cn-°p-I.

cwK-]m-T-sØ-°qSn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m- v Zriy kmlnXy cq]-ß-fpsS ]T\w \n¿Δ-ln-°m≥

{]m]vX-\m-°p-I.

kmln-Xy-]-T\w kmwkv°m-cnI ]T-\-am-sW∂ ]pXnb ImgvN-∏m-Sn-\-\p-k-cn®v Cu Ie-I-fpsS

kwkv°mc ]cn-k-chpw Ch-bn¬ D≈-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ kmwkv°m-cn-Imw-i-ßfpw ]T-\-hn-t[-b-

am-t°-- -Xns‚ A\n-hm-cyX t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

B[p-\nI cwK-k-¶¬∏-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Ht´sd Awi-߃ Cu Ie-I-fn¬ kzcq-]n-°-s∏-

´n-´p- v. Chsb Is- -Øm≥ hnZym¿∞nsb {]m]vX-\m-°p-I.

P\-Io-bhpw P\-{]n-b-hp-amb B[p-\nI Ie-I-fpsS kwkvImc ]cn-kcw Xncn-®-dn-bp-I.

samUyqƒ 1: cwK-I-em-]m-c-ºcyw ˛ BZym-¶p-c-߃

]T-\-ta-Je

cwK-I-e-Ifpw Bhn-jv°m-chpw tIc-fob ]cn-t{]-£y-Øn¬

tIc-f-Øn¬ kz¥-amb cwK-Iem ]mc-ºcyw . A\p-jvTm\/ \mtSmSn cwK-I-e-Iƒ, cwK ]mc-º-

cy-Øns‚ BZym-¶p-c-߃ -˛ G‰hpw efn-Xhpw {]mNo-\-hp-amb cq]w ˛ shfn-®-∏mSv Xp≈¬.

56thj-∏-I¿®bpw `mh-∏-I¿®-bpw. cwK-I-e- bpsS ASn-ÿm\ kz`mhw Gdnbpw Ipd™pw

hcp∂ a‰p-I-e-Iƒ

tImXm-Ωq-cn, sIt{¥m≥]m-´v, Xoøm-´v, ]mt\-¶-fn, ]m\, IWn-bm¿I-fn, ]qX\pw Xnd-bpw, If-

sa-gp-Øv, ]mºn≥ Xp≈¬, tht´-°m-c≥ ]m´v, Aø-∏≥]m-´v, ]qc-°-fn, Xncp-hm-Xn-c-°-fn, X´n-

t∑¬I-fn, h´-°-fn, Z^v ap´v, H∏-\, Ad-_-\-ap-´v, IpØvdm-Øo-_v, am¿§w-I-fn, apSn-bm-´w, tafw,

taf-]m-c-º-cy-Øns‚ Zriy{ihy kwkv°mcw ˛ sN- tafw, ]©-hm-Zyw, in¶m-cnta-fw, in¶m-

cnta-f-Øns‚ P\-{]nb kwkv°m-cw.

Cu Ie-I-fpsS kmwkv°m-cnI]cn-kcw ˛ Dt±iye-£y-߃ (Cu Ie-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ kmam-

\y-⁄m\w am{Xw aXn. hnti-j-]-T\w Bhiyan√.)

Ie-bpsS hnI-kn-X-cq-]-߃ ˛ sXøw, Xnd, ]S-b-Wn, apSn-tb‰v apX-em-bh

apSn-tb‰v ˛ Hcp \mS-I-Øns‚ LS-\m-]-c-amb ]q¿Æ-X. Imhp-h-´-Øns‚ hnim-e-amb cwK-

ÿen k¶¬∏w tÃPns‚ ]cn-[n-te°v. cwK-k-¶¬∏w, Blm-cyw, Bkzm-Z-I≥.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

1. \mtSm-Sn-\m-S-I-߃ ˛ tUm. F. sI. \ºym¿

2. \mSy-th-Zn-bn¬ \S≥ ˛ Imhmew\mcm-b-W-∏-Wn-°¿(F≥.

IrjvW]n≈bpw

`mc-Xob \mS-I-th-Znbpw ˛]n. hn. them-bp-

[≥]n≈)

3. apSn-tb‰v ˛ Fkv. sI. \mb¿ (tI-c-f-Ønse \mtSm-Sn-\m-S-I-

߃)

4. tIc-fob hmZy-I-e-I-fpsS D¤-hhpw hnIm-khpw ˛ F. Fkv. F≥. \ºo-i≥

(Xm-f-߃. Xmf-hm-Zy-߃)

5. am∏nfIeIƒ Hc-htem-I\w ˛ F≥. ImXn-cn-t°m-b amÿ

(am-∏nf Iem Z¿i-\w) tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Z-an, Xr»q¿, 2009

samUyqƒ 2: IqSn-bm´w

]T-\-ta-Je

kwkvIrX\mS-I-ß-fpsS tIc-fob A`n-\b k{º-Zm-bw, IqSn-bm-´-Øns‚ D¤-hhpw hf¿®-bpw,

sXfn-hp-Iƒ, Nne-∏-Xn-Im-cw, DÆp-\o-en-k-tμiw Ncn-{X-{]m-[m-\yw, `‡n-{]-ÿm-\w, {_m“-Wm-[n-

]-Xyw, t£{X-tI{μnXkwkv°mcw, Ipe-ti-Jc h¿Ω-bpsS Imew, tXme≥, IqSn-bm-´-Øn-\p-]-

tbm-Kn-°p∂ {][m\ \mS-I-߃. A`n-t\-Xm-°ƒ, IqØ-º-ew, {]mtZ-inI kwkv°m-c-Øn-\p-

ta¬ _rl-Xv]m-c-ºcyw, hnZq-j-I≥. {]mtZ-in-I-kw-kv°m-chpw `mjbpw {]m[m\yw t\Sp-∂p.

NmIym¿Iq-Øv. IqSn-bm-´hpw IqØpw, kmaq-ly-hn-a¿i\w, t]°-Y-I-fpsS kmaq-ly-{]-k-‡n,

]pcp-jm¿∞-°q-Øv, NXp¿Δn-[m-`n-\b k{º-Zm-b-߃, ss]¶p-fw-cm-a-®m-Iym-cpsS kw`m-h-\

kv{Xo{]m-Xn-\n[yw ˛ \ßym¿IqØv

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

1) IqØ-º-e-ß-fpsS kw`m-h\ ˛ sI. ]n. \mcm-b-W-∏n-jm-cSn

(IqØ-º-e-ß-fn¬)

2) A`n-\bw ˛ tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

(cw-Km-h-X-cWw `mKw aq∂v JWvUw c- v)

573) IqSn-bm-´w, kp`{Zm [\-RvPbw H∂m-a¶w ˛ sI. ]n. \mcm-b-W-]n-jm-cSn

(Iq-Ø-º-e-ß-fn¬)

4) IqSn-bm-´-Ønse hnZq-j-I-∑m¿ ˛ sI. ]n. \mcm-b-W-]n-jm-cSn

(AtX ]pkvX-Iw)

5) `K-h-Z-÷pIw ˛ ]cn-`mj :sI. ]n. \mcm-b-W-]n-jm-cSn

klm-b-I- {K-Ÿ-߃

IqØqw IqSn-bm-´hpw ˛ AΩma≥ Xºp-cm≥

\mSy-I-ev]-{Zpaw ˛ amWn-am-[-h-®m-Iym¿

]pcp-jm¿∞-°qØv ˛ IrjvW-N-{μ≥

\ßym¿IqØv (Cw-•o-jv) ˛ \n¿Ωem ]Wn-°¿

IqØ-º-e-ß-fn¬ ˛ sI. ]n. \mcm-b-W-]n-jm-cSn

samUyqƒ 3 : IY-Ifn

{]tbm-Kw, Ncn-{Xw, hnIm-kw, kwkv°mcw

]T-\ta-Je

17-˛mw \q‰m-- n¬ sIm´m-c°cX-ºp-cm≥ cq]w sImSpØ cma-\m-´w, IY-I-fn-bpsS {]m{Kq]w, cm-

amb-WsØ Bkv]-Z-am°n F´p-Zn-h-ksØ IY-Iƒ, sIm´m-c-°-c-bpsS IrXn-Iƒ, B´-°-Y-I-

fpsS LS-\, hnImkw

tIm´bw Xºp-cm≥, alm-`m-csØ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ \mep IrXn-I-fpsS LS-\m-]-c-amb

]q¿Æ-X, ]m{X k¶¬∏w, CXn-hrØw, ]n¬°me kzm[o\w, I√-Sn-t°m-S≥ k{º-Zm-bw.

DÆm-bn-hm-cn-b-cpsS \f-N-cnXw. kmln-Xy-]-c-amb Hu∂-Xyw, CXn-hr-Øw, IYm-]m-{Xw, `mj, -cw-

Km-hn-jv°m-c-]-c-amb ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ, \√-km-ln-Xy-a√ \√ cwK-km-ln-Xy-sa∂ {]am-Ww. DÆmbn

Bhn-jv°-cn® A¿∞-{]-]-©sØ IY-I-fn-bpsS Zriy-`m-j-bn-eqsS kwth-Z\w sNøp-hm≥

km[y-a-s√∂ hmZw ˛ DØ-c-cm-a-b-WsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n cNn-°-s∏´ It√-°p-f-ßc cmL-h-]n-

jm-c-Sn-bpsS cmh-tWm-¤hw IY-I-fn-bpsS kuμcy k¶¬∏-Øn-ep-- m-°nb {]I-S-amb am‰w,

{]Xn-\mbI≥am¿°v e`n® {]m[m-\yw.

IoN-I-h-[w, DØ-cm-kz-bw-hcw (C-c-bn-Ω≥X-ºn) \c-Im-kp-c-h-[w, cmP-kqbw (Im¿Øn-I-Xn-cp-

\mƒ), _men-hn-Pbw (I-√q¿ \ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv) F∂n-ßs\ {]Xn-\m-bI {][m-\-amb IrXn-Iƒ.

IØn-th-jßfpsS Ah-X-c-W-Ønse kmwkv°m-cnI LS-I-߃.

cmP-k-{]-[m-\-ß-fmb IØn-th-j-ß-fpsS Bhn-jv°-c-WsØ CØcw IY-I-fn-eqsS Nn´-s∏-Sp-

Øn-sb-Sp-°¬, Iπn-ßm´v \ºq-Xncn ˛ Iπn-ßm´v cq]w-sIm-SpØ Iπn-ßm-S≥ k{º-Zmbw ˛ hS-

°≥ {]tZ-i-ß-fnse I√-Sn-t°m-S≥ k{º-Zmbw ˛ `‡n kwh¿≤-I-ß-fmb IptN-e-hrØw

t]mep≈ P\-{]nb IY-Iƒ IY-I-fn-bqsS cwK-tim-`sb \ne-\n¿Øp-∂n-√ F∂ hmZw, I√p-hgn

k{º-Zmbw Ipbn¬sØm-Sn-bn¬ C´n-cm-cn-®-ta-t\m\pw injy≥ ]´n-°m-s¥mSn cmhp-Æn-ta-t\m-\pw,

I√-Sn-t°m-S≥ k{º-Zm-b-Øns‚ ]cn-Wm-aw, I√p-hgn k{º-Zm-bw, kuμ-cy-k-¶-ev]w, ico-c-`m-

jbv°pw \mSy-[¿Ωn°pw h∂ {]m[m\yw, I√p-hgn k{º-Zm-b-Øn-eq-sS-bp≈ IY-I-fn-bpsS

]p\¿\n¿Ωn-Xn, Iem-a-fiew B[p-\n-Io-I-c-Ww, {]Nm-c-Ww, {]mtZ-in-I-X-bv°-Xo-X-amb kmam-

\y-h-ev°-cWw, P\-{]nb IY-Iƒ, amen-bpsS I¿Æ-i-]Yw, Cu IY-bpsS kmaqly cmjv{Sob

{]k-‡n, IY-Ifn A`ym-khpw ]cn-io-e-\-hpw, If-cn-∏-b‰pw IY-I-fn-bpw.

58

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

1. ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS cm{Xn-Iƒ ˛ sI.-kn. \mcm-b-W≥

(a-e-bm-fn-I-fpsS cm{Xn-Iƒ)

2. I¿Øy-]mTw ˛ In≈n-aw-Kew hmkp-tZ-h≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv,

(I-Y-I-fn-bpsS cwK-]mTw Ncn-{Xw) Iem-a-fiew Fw. ]n. Fkv. \ºq-Xncn

3. cma-\m´w apX¬ IY-I-fn-hsc (I-Y-Ifn kzcq-]w) ˛as¶mºv inh-i-¶-c-∏n≈, kn. sI. inh-cm-a-

∏n≈

4. I√ym-W-ku-K-‘nIw (“Imte IZm-Nn-ZY” F∂ t«mIw apX¬ B cwKw Ign-bp-∂-Xp-hsc)

5. \f-N-cnXw c- mw Znhkw BZy-cwKw (\-f-N-cn-Xw B´-{]-Imcw, Iem-a-fiew IrjvW≥

\mb¿)

klm-bI {KŸ-߃

IY-I-fn-cwKw ˛ sI. ]n. Fkv. tat\m≥

sNm√nbm´w ˛ Iem-a-fiew ]fl-\m-`≥ \mb¿ (c- p hmey-

߃)

IY-I-fn-bpsS cwK-]mT Ncn{Xw ˛ In≈n-aw-Kew hmkp-tZ-h≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv

Iem-a-fiew Fw. ]n. Fkv. \ºq-Xncn

IY-Ifn kzcq]w ˛ as¶mºv inh-i-¶-c-∏n-≈, kn. sI. inh-cm-a-∏n≈

Iem-a-fiew Ncn{Xw ˛ eoem \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv

tIm´bw IY-Ifn ˛ B‰q¿ IrjvW-]n-jm-cSn

\f-N-cnXw Im¥m-c-Xm-cIw hymJym\w ˛ F. B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

\f-N-cnXw B´-{]-Imcw ˛ Iem-a-fiew IrjvW≥ \mb¿

DÆm-bn-hm-cn-b¿ ˛ F≥. IrjvW-]n≈

(ssI-c-fn-bpsS IY {]k-‡-`m-K-߃)

\mSym-Nm-cys‚ Pohn-X-ap-{Z-Iƒ ˛ Iem-a-fiew ]fl-\m-`≥ \mb¿, RmbØv

_me≥

Fs‚ PohnXw Ac-ßnepw AWn-b-d-bnepw ˛ Iem-a-fiew IrjvW≥\m-b¿

Xnc-t\m´w ˛ Iem-a-fiew cma≥Ip´n \mb¿

Hm¿Øm¬ hnkvabw ˛ Iem-a-fiew sslZ-cen

IY-I-fn-thjw ˛ Iem-a-fiew ]fl-\m-`≥ \mb¿

]pd-∏mSv ˛ IpΩnWn

IY-Ifn ˛ ]n. hn. IrjvW≥\m-b¿

knUn/. UnhnUn -

tIm´bw IY-Iƒ ˛ thZnI Xriq¿ (am-Xr-`q-an)

cmP-kqbw

samUyqƒ 4 : ]n¬°me cwK-I-e-Iƒ

Ip©≥ \ºym¿ ˛ Xp≈¬, D¤-h-hn-Im-k-߃, A`n-\-b-k-{º-Zm-bw, hI-t`-Z-߃

tamln-\n-bm´w ˛ hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-߃

59ssZh-tZ-inI kzm[o-\w, Nhn-´p-\m-S-Iw, {][m\ \mS-I-߃, Ah-X-cW coXn-Iƒ, kwkvIrX

kzm[o-\w, Xangv kzm[o\w kwKoX \mS-I-߃, B[p-\nI \mS-I-k-¶-ev]-߃. kn\n-a, sSen-^n-

enw, IYm-{]-kw-Kw, anan{In, Imcn-t°-®¿ XpS-ßnb P\-{]nb Ie-Iƒ. Ch-bpsS kmaq-lnI

kmwkvIm-cnI khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ. ]cn-k-chpw kzm[o-\hpw am{Xw ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n-bm¬ aXn.

hni-Z-]-T\w Bh-iy-an-√.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

1. Ip©≥ \ºym¿ ˛ kmlnXy ]©m-\-\≥ ]n. sI. \mcm-b-W-]n≈

2. Hm´≥Xp-≈¬ (ta-f-∏-Zw) ˛ Iem-a-fiew IrjvW≥Ip´n s]mXp-hmƒ

3. tamln-\n-bm´w ˛ Iem-a-fiew Ieym-Wn-°p-´n-bΩ

4. Nhn-´p-\m-SI kzcq]w (N-hn-´p-\m-S-Iw) ˛ k_o-\-dm-^n, (\m-j-W¬ _pIvÃmƒ, tIm-´bw

1964)

5. kwKoX \mSIw ˛ Pn. i¶-c-∏n≈

(a-e-bmf \mS-I-km-lnXy Ncn-{Xw)

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃

tIc-f-km-lnXy Ncn{Xw ˛ D≈q¿

ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw IrkvXym-\n-Ifpw ˛ ]n. sP. tXmakv

Iem-a-fiew Ncn{Xw ˛ eoem-\-ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv

ssI-c-fn-bpsS IY ˛ F≥. IrjvW-]n≈

tIc-f-Ønse \mtSm-Sn-\m-S-I-߃ ˛ Fkv. sI. \mb¿

Nhn-´p-\m-SIw ˛ k_o-\m-dm^n

Assk≥sa‚pw t{]mPIvSpw

t^mt´m kn. Un. tiJ-cWw

Iem-Im-c-∑m¿, {]K¤ Bkzm-Z-I¿ F∂n-h-cp-am-bp≈ A`n-apJw

Iem-tI-{μ-ß-fpsS kμ¿i\ dnt∏m¿´v

a‰p Ie-I-fp-am-bp≈ Xmc-Xayw

Ie-I-sftbm, IYm-]m-{X-ß-tf-tbm, IrXn-I-tf-tbm, ssien-I-tf-tbm, Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bp≈ N¿®-

Iƒ. Hcp Ah-X-cWw I- v Bkzm-Z\w \n¿_-‘-ambpw Xøm-dm-°Ww

P\-{]nb Ie-I-sf-°p-dn®v ]T\w Xøm-dm-°¬

*******************

Code. MA6B15(E)01

ska-ÿ 6

Ce-IvSohv tImgvkv

ssk_¿ ae-bmfw

]T-\-k-abw : 54 aWn-°q¿

s{IUn‰v : 2

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃

60hnh-c-km-t¶-XnIXsb-∏‰n kmam-\y- ambpw ae-bmfw Iºyq-´-nw-Kns‚ ka-Im-en-I-ap-J-

sØ-∏‰n khn-ti-j-ambpw a\- n-em°n AXv {]mtbm-Kn-I-X-e-Øn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°m≥

]Tn-Xm-°sf {]m]vX-cm-°p-I.

ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Fgp-Øn-s‚bpw hmb-\-bp-sSbpw {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw taJ-e-I-fn¬

ssk_¿temIw sNep-Ønb kzm[o-\-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ ssk≤m-¥n-Ihpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-

amb kmam-\y-⁄m\w D- m-°p-I.

ae-bmfw Iºyq-´nw-Kn-s‚bpw ae-bmf `mj-bp-sSbpw kmln-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw ka-Im-en-I-ap-J-

sØ-∏‰n kmam\y [mcW \¬Ip-I.

ae-bmfw Iºyq-´nw-Kn¬ {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\w \¬IpI

C‚¿s\-‰nse ae-bmfw D≈-S° \n¿Ωn°v (Web content making) hnZym¿∞n-Isf {]m]vX-

cm-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS ]¶m-fnØw Dd--∏p-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-I.

ae-bmf `mj-sbbpw kmln-Xy-sØbpw ssk_¿temIw Fßs\ kzm[o-\n-°p-∂psh∂v

Is- -Øp-I.

ta¬]-d™ taJ-e-I-fnse Kth-j-W-]-T-\-߃°v hnZym¿∞n-Isf t{]cn-∏n-°p-I.

samUyqƒ 1

`mjmkmt¶XnI hnZy˛A-Xns‚ Ncn-{Xhpw hnIm-khpw (km-am-\y-ambn am{Xw) ae-bmfw

A®-Sn-bpsS Bcw-`w-˛-tlm¿Øqkv ae-_m-dn-°qkv ˛_-©-an≥ s_bven-˛-Kp- ¿´v....-ssS∏v

ssd‰dns‚ IS-∂p-h-c-hv-˛-ae-bmfw en]n ]cn-jvI-c-Ww˛ ]g-b-en-]nbpw ]pXnb en]n-bpw. Iºyq-´¿˛

ASn-ÿm\ hnh-c-߃, a-e-bmf Iºyq-´nw-Kns‚ XpS-°w, hnhn[ Hm∏-td-‰nwKv knÃ-߃, DS-a-

ÿXm tkm^v‰vshbdpw kzX-{¥-tkm^v‰v shb-dpw, sUkvIvtSm∏v ]ªn-jnw-Kv, hnhn[ ae-bmfw

tkm^v‰v sh-b-dp-Iƒ

(Input Tools), cN-\, hnhn[ ae-bmfw t^m- p-Iƒ˛ bq\n-tIm-Uv F≥tIm-UnwKv F∂m-se¥v?

bq\n-tImUv t^m- p-Iƒ, ae-bmfw Iºyq-´nw-Kns‚ ka-Im-en-I-apJw ˛ OCR, Text to speech,

Speech to Text, Spell checker F∂n-h-bpsS ae-bm-f-Ønse km[y-X-Iƒ.

samUyqƒ- 2

F¥mWv C -kmlnXyw? C -kmln-Xy-Øns‚ hnhn[ {]Xy-£o-I-c-W-߃, ae-bmfw

sh_vssk-‰p-Iƒ, sh_vt]m¿´-ep-Iƒ, Hm¨sse≥ hn⁄m-\-tIm-i-߃ -ae-bmfw hn°n-]o-Un-

bbpw ktlm-Z-c-kw-cw-`-ß-fmb hn°n-{K-Ÿ-im-e, hn°n-\n-L-- p, hn°n-sNm-√p-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-

hbpw -- - k¿Δ-hn-⁄m\ tImiw sh_v-F-Un-j≥, kmln-Xy-hn-j-b-I-amb sh_vssk-‰p-

Iƒ/t]m¿´-ep-Iƒ, C- -_p°v, C-sse{_-dn, UnkvIIw XpS-ßnb k¶-ev]-߃, tªmKp-Iƒ F∂

Aa-Nz¿ {]kn-≤o-I-cW taJ-e. _q temIw (Malayalam blogosphere), kn‰n-k¨ tP¿W-enkw,

tªmKvkm-ln-Xyw.

samUyqƒ 3

F¥mWv ssk_¿ kmlnXyw? ssk_¿ imkv{X-t\m-h-ep-Iƒ, ssk_¿ ]¶p-Iƒ

(Punk) XpS-ßn-bh ˛ ae-bm-f-Ønse ssk_¿I-Y-Iƒ, ssk_¿ hnj-b-I-amb t\mh-ep-Iƒ

(Fw.-ap-Ip-μs‚ \rØw), ssk_¿ hnj-b-I-amb kmln-Xy-hn-a¿i-\-߃/]T-\-߃ (]n.sI cmP-

ti-J-c≥.-Pn.-a-[p-kq-Z-\≥), Xnc-samgn (hyper text) bpw hmb-\-bpw, bmYm¿∞yhpw {]XoXn

61bmYm¿∞yhpw (Virtual Reality) ssk_¿ kzXzw, ae-bm-f-Ønse ssk_¿_-‘-ap≈ ]Z-

ßfpw {]tbm-K-ß-fpw.

samUyqƒ 4: ({]m-tbm-KnI ]co-io-e-\w)

a. ae-bmfw Iºyq-´nwKv

hnhn[ ae-bmfw tkm^v‰vshb-dp-Isfbpw H∏w en]y-¥-cW (Transliteration)

tkm^v‰vshb-dp-Isfbpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw bq\n-tImUv t^m- v D]-tbm-Kn®v

Hcp ae-bmfw ssS∏nwKv tkm^v‰vshb¿ F¶nepw ssIImcyw sNøm≥ ]co-io-en-°p-Ibpw thWw.

t\m´v]mUv t]mep≈ Hcp t_knIv FUn-‰¿ D]-tbm-Kn®v Um‰m-F≥{Sn ]co-io-en-∏n-®m¬ aXn.

(ssS-∏nw-Kns‚ thKX ]co-£n-t°-- -Xn-√). en]y-¥-cW tkm^v‰vshb-dp-I-fmb hc-sam-gn, samgn

Ioam≥, kz\-teJ F∂n-h-bp-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-S-Ww.

b. ae-bmfw D≈-S-°-\n¿Ωn-Xnbpw t]mjWhpw

ae-bmfw D≈-S° \n¿Ωn-Xn-bn¬ {]mtbm-KnI ]co-io-e\w \¬I-Ww,

hn°n-]o-Un-bbpw A\p-_‘ kwcw-`-ßfpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-S¬, hn°n-]o-Un-b-bn¬ teJ-\-߃

Fgp-X¬, FUn‰p sNø¬, tªmKv \n¿Ωn-°¬, tªmKnw-Kv F∂nh {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn ]co-io-

en-°-Ww. (Hmtcm tImtfPpw/Un∏m¿´vsa‚pw Hcp ae-bmfw sh_vsskt‰m As√-¶n¬ ae-

bmfw tªmtKm \n¿Ωn®v AXv ÿnc-ambn A]vtU‰v sNbvXv \ne-\n¿Øn ]cnio-en-°-Ww.

sh_vssk‰v ]cn-]m-e-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]co-io-e-\hpw \¬In-bm¬ \∂v. hnhn[ ae-bmfw

]{X-ß-fpsS sh_vssk-‰p-I-fn¬ teJ-\-߃ Fgp-Xp-hm\pw ]cnio-en-°mw.)

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃

1. C≥^¿ta-j≥ sSIvt\m-f-Pn˛ -tUm. ANyp-Xvi-¶¿.F-kv.-\m-b¿ (tI-c-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v,

2000)

2. B temIw apX¬ C˛temIw hsc: tUm. sP.hn hnf-\new (tI-cf`mjm C≥Ãn‰yq-´v,

2000)

3. C‚¿s\-‰pw C≥^¿ta-j≥ hnπ-hhpw : tUm. ._n CIv_m¬, sI.-c-ho-{μ≥ (Un.-kn.-_p-

Ivkv, tIm´-bw, 1999, 6maXv FUn-j≥)

4. C≥^¿ta-j≥ sSIvt\m-fPn F¥v, Fß-s\, F¥n\v? : tUm. _n. CIv_m¬, sI. cho-

{μ≥, (I-d‚v _pIvkv, Xriq¿,2003)

5. ssk_¿ ae-bmfw : FUn-‰¿ : kp\oX Sn.hn (I-d‚v _pIvkv, Xriq¿,2009)

6. `mh-\m-XoXw (a-e-bm-f-Ønse ssk_¿ IY-Iƒ): tUm. ]n.-sI. cmP-ti-J-c≥ (Un.-kn.

_pIvkv, tIm´-bw)

7. GIm¥ \K-c-߃: tUm. ]n.-sI. cmP-ti-J-c≥ (Un.-kn. _pIvkv, tIm´-bw)

628. `mhp-IXzw Ccp-]-Øn-sbm∂mw \q‰m- - n¬: Pn. a[p-kq-Z-\≥ (Un.-kn.

_pIvkv, tIm´-bw, 2006)

9. \rØw (t\m-h¬): Fw. apIp-μ≥ (Un.-kn. _pIvkv, tIm´-bw, 2006)

10. Ccp-]-Øn-sbm∂mw \q‰m-- nse ae-bmfw (te-J-\w): ]n.-hn. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥, C.-Fw. {io[-

c≥ (am-Xr-`qan BgvN-∏-Xn-∏v, 1999 k]vXw-_¿ 5, ]p.8)

11. Xnc-samgn (te-J-\w): ]n.-]n. cma-N-{μ≥ (`m-jm-t]m-jn-Wn, 2008 sabv, Pq¨)

12. C‚¿s\‰pw bqWn-tImUpw ae-bm-f-`mjm {]iv\-ßfpw (te-J-\w): tUm. atljv awK-em´v

(am-Xr-`qan BgvN-∏-Xn-∏v, 2006 s^{_p-hcn 17, ]p.85, e°w 51)

13. tªmKnwKv: am[y-a-tem-IsØ hnπ-h-h-gn-Iƒ (te-J-\w): hn.-sI. BZ¿iv (am-Xr-`qan BgvN-∏-

Xn-∏v, 2007 HIvtSm_¿ 7, ]p.85 e°w 32)

14. C ˛kmlnXyw (te-J-\w): tUm. Fw.-F≥. Imc-t»cn (am-Xr-`qan BgvN-∏-Xn-∏v, 2007 HIvtSm-

_¿ 7, ]p.85, e°w 32)

15. ae-bmfw tªmKp-Iƒ: km[y-X-Ifpw ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw (te-J-\w): kp\oX Sn.-hn. (`m-jm-km-ln-

Xn, 2007 Unkw-_¿ ]p. 23,- e°w 2)

16. Cyberspace: First steps (Article)-Micheal Benedict (in Cyber Culture Reader - Ed. David Bell)

Routledge, London, 2000.

17. How Cyberculture Delete Nature (Article), Jerry Mander, The Ecologist, Vol. 29, No.3,

March/April 1999)

18. China working paper, CWP, 2005 (Article-Available online-google search)

19. Blogging: Personal participation in public knowledge building in the web (Article-available

online-google search)

20. ae-bmfw hn°n-]o-Unb (http://ml.wikipedia.org)

21. hn°n {KŸ-ime (http://ml.wikisource.org)

22. hn°n \nL- p (http://ml.wiktionary.org)

23. hn°n ]mT-ime (http://ml.wikibooks.org)

24. hn°n sNm√pIƒ (http://ml.wikiquotes.org)

25. k¿Δ-hn-⁄m-\-tImiw sh_vFUn-j≥

26. hnhn[ ae-bmfw ]{X-ß-fpsS sh_vssk-‰p-Iƒ

27. hnhn[ ae-bmfw tªmKp-Iƒ

˛ (_qtemI-I-Y, _qtemI Ihn-X, _qtemI ImcpWyw F∂nh Dƒs∏sS)

28. amXr-`qan BgvN-∏-Xn-∏n¬ hcp∂ tªmK\

************************

63

Code. MA6B15 (E)02 ska-ÿ˛ 6 Ce-IvSohv tImg-kv-

hnh¿Ø\w

]T-\-k-abw : 54 aWn-°q¿

s{I-Un‰v : 2

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃

hyXy-kvX-kw-kvIm-c-ßsf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\pw \ΩpsS kwkvIm-csØ {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-

Xn\pw hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ km[y-X-Isf {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ klm-bn-°p-I.

hnh¿Ø\ kmln-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcp s]mXp-[m-c-W-bp-- m-°p-I. hnh¿Ø-\hpw Hcp k¿§-

ky-jvSn-bm-sW∂ Ah-t_m-[-ap-- m-°pI. hnh¿Ø-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v kmam\y t_m[-ap-- m-°p-

I. hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ {]tbm-KnI ]mT-߃ ]cn-io-en-°pI

samUyqƒ 1

hnh¿Ø\w F∂m-se¥v? F¥n\v? hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ kam-\-cq-]-߃ ˛ hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚

`n∂-cq-]-߃ ˛ ]Zm-\p-]Zw, kzX-{¥w, ]p\x-krjvSn ˛ Bi-b-hn-h¿Ø-\w, kw{K-l-hn-h¿Ø-

\w, A\p-I-cWw, hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ aqeyw, hnh¿Ø-t\m-]-I-c-W-߃ ˛ hnh¿Ø-Is‚

tbmKy-X-Iƒ

samUyqƒ 2

hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb am\-߃. aqe-`mj ˛ e£y-`mjm

kwkvIm-c-߃ ˛ ]Zy-km-ln-Xyw, KZy-km-ln-Xyw, imkv{X-Ir-Xn-Iƒ, imkvt{X-Xc IrXn-Iƒ

F∂n-h-bpsS hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ {]iv\-߃ ˛ ssien-I-fp-sSbpw ]g-s©m-√p-I-fp-sSbpw \m´p-

`m-jm-]-Z-ß-fp-sSbpw hnh¿Ø-\w.

samUyqƒ 3

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

1. `mc-Xob t\mh¬ X¿÷-a-Iƒ ˛ Pbm-kp-Ip-am-c≥

2. _jo¿ IrXn-I-fpsS hnh¿Ø\w Nne-Nn-¥-Iƒ ˛ hnh. tUm. Fkv. them-bp-[≥

3. X¿P-a-]-T-\-Ønse ]pØ≥]p-Xp-a-Iƒ ˛ tUm. kvIdn-b-k-°-dnb

4. hnh¿Ø\w ˛ F∂ {KŸ-Øns‚ Ah-Xm-cnI ˛ F≥. hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-b¿

(`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

5. Xmc-X-ay-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ {]k‡n ˛ s{]m^. kn. am[-h≥]n≈

samUyqƒ 4

{]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\w Cw•o-jn¬ \n∂v ae-bm-f-Øn-tebv°pw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ \n∂v Cw•o-

jn-te-

bv°p-ap≈ ]cn-`mj. Ihn-Xm-Jfiw/IYm-Jfiw/KZy-`mKw; ssien/]g-s©m√v/]Z-߃

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃

hnh¿Ø-\-hn-Nmcw ˛ tUm. F≥. C. hniz-\m-Y-A-ø¿

(tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

64hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ `mjm imkv{X-`qanI ˛ tUm. hn. B¿. {]t_m-[--N-{μ≥

(tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

hnh¿Ø\w ˛ (tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

`mjbpw ]cn-`m-jbpw ˛ Fw. ]n. kZm-in-h≥ (tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-

‰yq-´v)

X¿÷p-a-bpsS Xmt°m¬ ˛ kn. hn. hmkp-tZ-h-`-´-Xncn

kvssI_p°v ]ªn-tj-gvkv, amth-en-°-c)

X¿÷a kn≤m-¥hpw {]tbm-Khpw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ FUn. Pb-kp-Ip-am-c≥, kvIdnb kv°dnb

Xmc-X-ay-km-lnXy ]oTnI ˛ (tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

Xmc-X-ay-km-lXy ]cn-Nbw ˛ FUn.tUm. NmØ-\mØv ANypX-\pÆn

`mjbpw `mjm-¥-c-Whpw ˛ sI. Fw. tImin

hnh¿Ø\ Nn¥-Iƒ ˛ FUn. tUm. hn. B¿ {]t_m-[-N{μ≥

********************

Code. MA6B15 (E) 03

ska-ÿ VI

Ce-IvSohv tImgvkv

\h-kw-kvImc ]T-\-߃ ]T\ kabw : 54 aWn-°q¿

s{IUn‰v : 2

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃

kwkvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn®pw kwkvIm-c]T\-sØ-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ {]mNo-\hpw \ho-\-hp-amb

k¶¬]-ßsf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-I.

\h-kw-kvIm-c-]-T\w `uXnI Xe-Ønepw _u≤nI Xe-Ønepw Hcp-t]mse kzm[o\w

sNep-Øp∂ hyh-lm-c-ta-J-e-Iƒ krjvSn-°p-∂p. A°m-Z-an-Iv X-e-ß-fn¬ Ch Gsd {]k-

‡-am-Wv. \ΩpsS cmjv{Sob˛km-aqly ]cn-k-c-ß-fn¬ Ch Fßs\ k∂n-th-in-°-s∏-´n-cn-

°p-∂p F∂p≈ \nco-£-Whpw kmam-\y-amb Ah-t_m-[-ap-- m-°epw Cu tImgvkns‚

e£y-am-Wv.

samUyqƒ 1

]cn-ÿn-Xn-°pw, Zen-X-\pw, kv{Xo°pw, th- n-bp≈ i_vZ-߃ kam-\-X-tbmsS kaq-l-

Øns‚ s]mXp-[m-c-bn¬ \n∂p-b-tc-- -Xm-Wv. Ch-bpsS aqeyw BXy-¥n-I-ambn am\-hn-I-Xsb

Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-∂p. AtX-k-abw hnI-k-\-Øns‚ sX‰mb \b-ßsf hna¿in-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

sske‚v hmen {]t£m`w ˛ Nn]vtIm {]ÿm\w ˛ \¿ΩZ _®mthm Bt¥m-f≥-˛-{]-Ir-Xn-

kw-c-£W kanXn ˛ πm®n-aS ka-c-k-anXn XpSßn hnhn[ Iq´m-bva-Iƒ.

]cn-ÿn-Xn-sbbpw kv{Xosbbpw Ahn-`-‡-ambn I- ]q¿Δn-I-cpsS Bi-b-߃, {]m¥-h-

ev°-cn-°-s∏-´-h-cpsS \oXn-°p-th- n i_vZn® {]Xy-b-imkv{X kwln-X-Iƒ. Ch-bpsS hni-I-

e\w

ae-bm-f-Øn¬ CØcw hmZ-K-Xn-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn® \h-kn-≤m-¥-߃-, ]mcn-ÿn-XnI

kulrZw ]pe¿Øp∂ hnhn[ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ, {]Ir-Xn-Po-h\w˛ {]Ir-Xn-Ir-jn˛ ]-c-º-cm-KX Ipe-

65sØm-gn-ep-I-fpsS ]p\-cp-÷o-h\w˛\m-´-dn-hp-I- fpsS tiJ-cWhpw t{ImUo-I-c-Whpw

]p\:{]tbm-Khpw ˛kv{Xo-]p-cpj kaXzw hn`m-h\w sNbvX ]pXnb Pohn-X-ssi-en-Iƒ, Ch-bpsS

kmln-Xy-Ønse {]Xn-^-e-\w.

A[n-I-hm-b-\bv°v

]md-Iƒ ˛ H.-hn.-hn-P-b≥

thcp-Iƒ hnev]-\bv°v ˛ kn.hn {iocm-a≥

s]m¥≥amS ˛ kn.hn {iocm-a≥

tKm]n-ImZ-WvUIw ˛ Aø-∏-]-Wn-°¿

Ib‰w ˛ k®n-Zm-\-μ≥

abn-eΩ Hcp PohnXw ˛ Bfl-IY

ssZh-Øns‚ IÆv ˛ F≥.-]n. apl-ΩZv

Imem-Xo-X-amb ⁄m\w ˛ kp[m-aq¿Øn

I- ¬°m-Sp-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ Fs‚ PohnXw ˛ s]m°p-S≥

\¿Ω-Z-bvs°mcp ]m´v ˛ Ip™-∏-]-´m-∂q¿

samUyqƒ 2

]cn-ÿn-Xn-˛-]-cn-ÿn-Xn-hn-⁄m-\obw ˛ ssPh-ssh-hn[yw F∂o kw⁄-I-fpsS

A¿∞hpw hym]vXnbpw a\- n-em-°-Ww.

hnhn[ ]cn-ÿnXn kao-]-\-߃ : ]cn-ÿnXn kuμ-cy-imkv{Xw˛l-cn-X-cm-jv{So-bw-˛-]-cn-

ÿnXn B[ym-fln-I-hm-Zw-˛-]m-cn-ÿn-XnI kv{Xohm-Zw-˛-`u-Xn-I-k-Zm-Nmcw F∂o {]tbm-K-ß-sfbpw

kn≤m-¥-ß-sfbpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-S¬. ]cn-ÿn-Xn-t_m[w \m´-dn-hp-Isf ]cn-]p-jvS-am-°p-∂p˛\m-´-dn-hp-

Ifpw \mS≥ kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fpw-˛-]-cn-ÿn-Xnbpw Im¿jn-I-kw-kvIm-chpw ˛]-cn-ÿn-Xnbpw Btcm-

Ky-kw-c-£-W-hpw.

hni-Z-amb ]T-\-Øn\v

Imhp-Xo-- t√ ˛ kpK-X-Ip-amcn

Im‰p-]-d™ IY ˛ H.-hn.-hn-P-b≥

]cn-ÿnXn kuμ-cy-im-kv{X-Øn-s\m-cm-apJw ˛ Sn.-]n.-kp-Ip-am-c≥

sIm®n-bnse hr£-߃ ˛ sI.-Pn.-i-¶-c-∏n≈

`mc-X-∏pj ˛ ]n.-F≥.hn-P-b≥

samUyqƒ 3

Zen-X≥ F∂ kw⁄ ˛ ZenXv k¶¬]-\w-˛-Z-enXv kmln-Xyw˛ ae-bm-f-Ønse ZenXv

kmln-Xyw. kzXzm-hn-jvIm-c-Øns‚ \q\-X-ta-Je, {]m¥-h-evIrX hn`m-K-ß-fpsS Bfl-{]-Im-i-\-

߃-˛-B-fl-I-Y-˛-Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ F∂n-h-bnse ZenXvkmln-Xy-Øns‚ hmsam-gn-h-g-°w˛ \mtSm-

Sn-∏m-´p-I-fnse Zen-XvPo-hn-Xw-˛-Z-en-XvPo-hn-Xhpw cwK-th-Zn-bpw.

hni-Z-amb ]T-\-Øn\v

PmXn-°pΩn ˛ sI.-]n.-I-d-∏≥

Nmshmen (t\m-h¬) ˛ ]n.G DØ-a≥

ZenXv ]Z-ßfpw {]tbm-K-ßfpw ssien-Ifpw ˛ Ihn-bq¿ apc-fn, Id‚v _pIvkv, tIm´bw

(Z-enXv `mj Bdmw A≤ym-bw)

Idp-∏ns‚ kuμcy imkv{Xw ˛ sI.-C.-F≥, Nn¥m ]ªn-tjgvkv

66(I-dp-∏ns‚ kuμcy imkv{Xw) Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

Zen-X¿ BcmWv? ZenXv kmlnXyw F¥v? ˛ sI.-kn.-]p-cp-tjm-Ø-a≥

F¥n\v? F∂o A≤ym-b-߃ tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Z-an, 2008

(Z-enX kmlnXy {]ÿm-\w)

samUyqƒ 4

kvXo]£ Nn¥-I-fpsS hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-߃, kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-amb Ah-Im-

i-Øn\pw ka-Xz-Øn-\p-am-bp≈ kv{Xo apt∂-‰-߃-˛-hn-Zym-`ymkw, sXmgn¬, Ie-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-

bn¬ \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ ]mX-Iƒ ]n∂n´ kv{Xoi‡n˛B-tKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ em‰n-\-ta-cn-°,-

{^m≥kv, Cw•-- v, B{^n° F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ s^an-\n-k-Øn-\p-- mb DZbhpw hf¿®-bpw˛

kmam\ymh-tem-I-\w.

hnhn[ s^an-\nÃv hmZ-K-Xn-Iƒ

DZm-c-kv{Xo-hm-Zw, kmaqlykv{Xohm-Zw, Ct°m-s^-an-\n-kw, ªm°vs^an-\n-kw, ae-bm-f-

Ønse kv{Xo]£kmln-Xyw-˛-B-Zy-Ime Fgp-Øp-Im-cn¬ tXm´-°m´v C°m-h-Ω,-e-fn-Xmw-_nI

A¥¿÷-\w, sI.-k-c-kz-Xn-bΩ XpS-ßn-b-hsc Ipdn®v kmam-\y-[m-c-W, _u≤n-I-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬

\n∂v hn`n-∂-ambn kv{Xosb Hcp \h-\n¿Ωn-Xn-bpsS ]p\:krjvSn-bpsS ]pXnb {]iv\-]-cn-k-cw.

hni-Z-am-b-]-T-\-Øn\v

1. kp`-{Zm¿÷p\w \mS-I-Øns‚ Ah-Xm-cnI ˛ kmdm-tPm-k^v (s{]m-^. ]n.-i-¶c≥-

\ºym¿ ^ut- -j≥, Xr»q¿)

2. PmK-cqI ˛ {]nb.-F.-Fkv

3. sNdnb Icn-]p-c- temIsØ kv{XobpsS

kz]v\-߃ ˛ hn.-Fw.-Kn-cnP

4. apSn-sØøw Dd-bp-tºmƒ (km-dm-tPm-k-^ns‚

]m]-Ød F∂ IrXn-bpsS Ah-Xm-cn-I) ˛ k®n-Zm-\-μ≥

5. kv{Xobpw kwkvIm-chpw:

⁄m\-im-kv{X-]-c-amb Hcp At\z-jWw ˛ efnXm se\n≥ ( hnth-N-\-

Øns‚ `n∂ ap-J-߃, tIcf

imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-j-Øv)

**************

Code. MA5A01

ska-ÿ V

Hm∏¨ tImgvkv

\mSI ]T\w ]T\ kabw : 54 aWn-°q¿

s{IUn‰v : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃

]m›mXy `mc-Xob cwK-I-em-X-Xz-߃, Ncn{Xw F∂nh kmam-\y-ambn ]cnNb-s∏-Sp-I.

67 tIc-fob cwK-I-e-bpsS ]cn-Wm-ahpw Ncn-{Xhpw kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-I.

ae-bmf \mS-I-th-Zn-bpsS kz`m-hw, ka-Im-enI cwK-thZn F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v a\- n-em-

°pI

cwK-I-e, cwKm-hn-jvIm-cw, kwhn-[m\w F∂n-ßs\ \mS-I-Øns‚ {]mtbm-KnI Xe-߃

]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-I.

samUyqƒ 1

]m›m-Xy-˛-`m-c-Xob cwK-I-e-I-sf-°p-dn®pw Ah-bpsS Ncn-{X-sØbpw kz`m-h-sØbpw

Ipdn®pw ]Tn-°p-I-bmWv ChnsS e£y-am-°p-∂-Xv.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

bh-\-\m-S-I-Øns‚ hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-߃ ˛ Pn.-Ip-am-c-]n≈

(Pn.-Ip-am-c-]n-≈-bpsS sXc-s™-SpØ teJ-\-߃) cRvPna ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, Nß-\m-t»cn

\mSy-Ie (I-em-tem-Iw) ˛ sI.]n \mcm-b-W-]n-jm-cSn

tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Z-an, Xr»q¿

\ho\ \mSI k¶¬]-߃ (\m-S-I-Z¿i-\w) ˛ Pn.-i-¶-c-]n≈, Unkn _pIvkv,

tIm´bw

samUyqƒ 2

tIcfob cwK-I-e-bpsS ]cn-Wm-ahpw Ncn-{Xhpw kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

cwK--thZn ]c-º-cm-KXw (cw-Km-h-X-c-Ww) ˛ Un.-A-∏p-°p-´≥ \mb¿, tIcf `mjm

C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v,

\m´-c-ßn\v Hcp ]oTnI (\m-´-c-ßv-˛-hn-Im-khpw ˛ Pn. `m¿K-h≥ ]n≈

]cn-Wm-a-hpw) tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v

DW¿hns‚ Imew, \mSIw hf-cp∂p ˛ Pn. i¶-c-]n-≈,

F∂o A[ym-b-߃ (a-e-bmf \mSI kmlnXy Ncn-{Xw) ˛ tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Z-an, Xr»q¿

samUyqƒ 3

ae-bmf \mS-I-th-Zn-bn¬ h∂ am‰-߃-˛-s{]m-^-j-W¬, Aa-Nz¿ hn`-P-\w-˛-hn-hn[ \mS-Im-

h-X-cW kwL-߃ cq]w sIm≈p-∂p-˛-sI.-]n.-G.kn, kwKaw Xnø-t‰gvkv, Imfn-Zmk Iem-tI-{μw,

KoYm B¿´vkv ¢∫v, tIcf Xnø-t‰-gvkv, hniz-tI-cf Iem kanXn. tXm-∏n¬ `mkn, sI.-Sn.-ap-l-Ω-Zv,

Xnt°m-Sn-b≥,

Fkv.-F¬.-]pcw kZm-\-μ≥, ImeSn tKm]n, G.-F≥. KtW-jv, kn.-Pn. tKm]n-\m-Y≥, ssh°w N{μ-

ti-J-c≥ \mb¿, s]m≥Ip∂w Zmtam-Z-c≥, ]n.sP B‚-Wn, F≥.-F≥.-]n-≈, Fw.Sn hm-kp-tZ-

h≥\m-b¿ apX-em-b-h¿ s{]m^-j-W¬ \mS-I-th-Zn°v th- n \S-Ønb cN-\-Iƒ-˛-t{]-£-Isc

Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ tNcp-h-Iƒ ˛]-cn-an-Xn-Iƒ˛ {KmaoW Ac-ßp-Iƒ-˛-\m-S-I-߃ (kn.-F¬.-tPm-

kv, ]n.-B¿. N{μ≥, IS-hq¿ N{μ≥ ]n≈, ]p∂{] Zmtam-Z-c≥, ]d-hq¿ tPm¿÷v, sI.-F-kv.-\-ºq-

Xncn apX-em-b-h-cpsS cN-\-Iƒ). \mS-I-°-f-cn-Iƒ (67se imkvXmw-tIm´ sh®v \S∂ If-cn

68apX¬) hnhn[ \mS-Im-h-X-cW ]cn-io-e\ kwcw-`-߃˛ kv°qƒ Hm^v {Uma-˛-tI-cf

kwKoX \mSI A°m-Z-an.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

krjvSn ˛ sI.-Sn.-ap-l-Ω-Zv, sI.-Sn-bpsS \mS-I-߃

kmlnXy A°m-Z-an, Xr»q¿

Idp-Ø-ssZ-hsØ tXSn ˛ Pn. i¶-c-]n≈, Un.kn _pIvkv, tIm´bw

samUyqƒ 4

Ip´n-I-fpsS \mS-I-th-Zn-˛-Ip-´n-I-fpsS cwK-th-Zn-bpsS a\:imkv{Xw ˛Ip-´n-Iƒ t{]£-I-cm-Ip-

tºmƒ-˛-cw-K-{]-`mXv (Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw) cwK-tN-X\ (Xr-»q¿) \h-cwK (]m-e-°m-Sv) imkv{X-km-

lnXy ]cn-j-Øns‚ _tem-’h PmY-Iƒ-˛-Ip-´n-I-fpsS \mS-I-th-Znbpw apXn¿∂-h-cpw.

kv{Xo]£ \mSI thZn-˛-a-e-bmf cwK-th-Znbpw kv{XoI-fpw-˛-\m-SI cN-\bpw kv{Xo a\ pw

˛kv{Xo-Iƒ°p-th-- n-bp≈ cN-\-Iƒ Ah-X-c-W-ß-ƒ-˛-imkv{XkmlnXy ]cn-j-Øns‚ h\nXm

Iem-Pm-Y-Iƒ (Bcym ]≈w, sI.-]n.-G.kn kptem-N-\, \ne-ºq¿ Bbn-j, amth-en-°c s]m∂-Ω,

im¥m-tZ-hn, aW-°mSv Dj, kn.sI en√n, eoem ]Wn-°¿, ]n.kn tZhIn F∂n-h-sc-°p-dn®v a\-

 n-em-°-Ww.)

tdUntbm \mS-I-߃ ˛{]-t£-]W Ie ˛kv{In-]v‰n¬ {i≤n-t°- Imcy-߃ ˛i_vZ

\nb-{¥Ww ˛A-h-X-cW coXn

kvIn‰p-Iƒ˛ GIm-`n-\bw (tam-tWm-B-IvSv), i_vZm-\p-I-cWw (an-an-{In), Imºkv Xnø-‰¿

˛kv°qƒ Item-’-h-߃ ˛ k¿Δ-I-emime a’-c-߃˛ tIc-tfm-’-h-߃ ˛ sXcphp \mS-I-

߃ ˛{]-Nm-cW \mS-I-th-Zn-˛-t_m-[\ \mS-I-th-Zn.

klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃

tIc-f-Ønse \mtSmSn \mS-I-߃ ˛ tUm.-F-kv.sI \mb¿

kwKo-X-\m-SI Ncn{Xw ˛ sI.-]n.-F-kv.-ta-t\m≥

\mSI {]th-inI ˛ F.-Un.-l-cn-i¿Ω

cwK-`mj ˛ hbem hmkp-tZ-h≥ ]n≈

ae-bmf \mS-I-km-lnXy Ncn{Xw ˛ Pn.-i-¶-c-]n≈

\mSI Z¿i\w ˛ Pn. i¶-c-]n≈

ae-bmf \mSI {]ÿm\w ˛ Im´p-amSw \mcm-b-W≥

\mS-I-Øn-te-bvs°mcp \S-∏mX ˛ G.-]n.]n \ºq-Xncn

tI{μ-I-em-k-an-Xnbpw Iem-k-anXn {]ÿm-\hpw ˛ ]h-\≥, tIfn Pq¨ 1976

Hfn-hnse Hm¿Ω-Iƒ ˛ tXm∏n¬ `mkn

Ac-ßp-Im-WmØ \S≥ ˛ Xnt°m-Sn-b≥

\mSI Z¿∏Ww ˛ F≥.-F≥.-]n≈

A`n-b-\-Øns‚ ck-X{¥w ˛ apcfn

I¿´¨ ˛ F≥.-F≥.-]n≈

hnZzm≥ ]n tIfp-\m-b-cpsS Ub-dn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ ˛ FUn: C.-]n. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥

t_m[\ \mS-I-thZn ˛ F≥.-B¿.-{Km-a-{]-Imiv

kq{X-[m-cm, FXnse FXnse ˛ hbem hmkp-tZ-h≥ ]n≈

69************

Code. MA5D02

ska-ÿ V

Hm∏¨ tImgvkv

kv{Xo]T-\-߃ ]T\ kabw : 54 aWn-°q¿

s{IUn‰v : 4

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃

Ncn-{X-Øn-eq-S-\ofw \n¿h-Nn-°-s∏-SmsX t]mb kv{XoXzsØ \n¿Δ-Nn-°pI

Kth-jWhn⁄m\imJ-bmbn hf¿∂n-´p≈ s^an-\n-k-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-L-´-ß-tfbpw

ssk≤m-¥n-

I-X-e-tØbpw a\- n-em-°p-I.

tIc-fob kaq-l-Øn-ep-- m-bn-´p≈ kv{Xo apt∂-‰-ßsf kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpI

ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Ønse kv{Xo]£ cN-\-Isf khn-ti-j-ambn ]Tn-°p-I.

kv{Xo]£ \ncq-]Ww tIc-fob Nn¥m-a-WvU-e-Øn¬ sNep-Ønb kzm[o\w a\- n-em-

°pI

tIc-fob Iem-˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI cwK-ß-fn¬ kv{XoI-fpsS kw`m-h-\-Isf Adn-bpI

samUyqƒ 1

1 kv{Xo]£ Nn¥-I-fpsS Ncn-{X-]-›m-Øew ˛ kmam\ym-h-tem-I\w (kv{Xo-]£ Nn¥-I-fpsS

DZbw; hyXykvX Ncn-{X-L-´-߃˛ s^an-\¬˛ s^an-\n-Ãv˛ ^osabv¬; hyXykvX

s^an\nk߃-˛-en-_-d¬, tkmjy-enÃv & am¿IvknÃv , dmUn-°¬, ªm°v , t]mÃv tImtfm-

Wn-b¬ & tX¿Uv thƒUv, aƒ´n dmj-W¬, t]mÃv kv{SIvN-d¬, B[p-\n-Im-\-¥c s^an-\n-

kw, Ct°m-s^-an-\nkw XpS-ßn-b-h-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ kmam-\y-[m-cW cq]-s∏-Sp-ØpI; A°m-Z-

anIv cwK-ß-fn-te-bv°p≈ kv{Xo ]T-\-Øns‚ hym]\w ˛N-cn-{Xw, kmº-ØnI imkv{Xw, `uXn-

I-im-kv{Xw, Pohim-kv{Xw, kuμ-cy-im-kv{Xw, a\:imkv{Xw, aXw XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fnse

kv{Xo ]¶m-fn-Øw)

2 kv{Xo]-£ Nn¥-I-fpsS ssk≤m-¥n-I-Xew (sh¿Po-\nbm hpƒ^v, kntam¨ Zv_psΔ, ZcnZ,

B≥{Un-b≥ dn®v, Fse-bv≥ tjmhmƒ´¿, eqkn Cdn-K-sd, sSdn CuKnƒ´¨, tIbv‰v an√-‰v,

sle≥ knIvkm-kv, s_‰n ss{^Zm≥, k^n-tbm‰n XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS Nn¥-Isf ap≥\n¿Øn

]Tn-°p-I.)

3 kv{XoXz-Øns‚ \n¿Δ-N\w ˛ {]iv\-߃

samUyqƒ 2

tIc-fob kaq-l-Ønse kv{Xob-hÿ (Ip-Spw-_w, kaq-lw, hnhm-lw, \nbaw F∂n-h-bn¬

h∂n-cn-°p∂ {Iam-\p-K-X-amb hf¿®, PmXn-kz-Xz-Øn-eqsS kv{Xo ]T-\w) tIc-fob kaq-l-Øn-ep-

- m-bn-´p≈ kv{Xo apt∂-‰-߃ (sImtfm-Wn-b¬, kzmX-{¥y, \thm-∞m-\, kzmX-{¥ym-\-¥-c,

B[p-\nI Ime-L-´-ß-fn-ep-- m-bn-´p≈ hyXykvX kv{Xo apt∂-‰-߃) I¿jI {]ÿm-\hpw

kv{Xo ]¶m-fn-Ø-hpw-˛-t{SUvbqWn-b\pw kv{XoIfpw ˛B-Zn-hmkn ZenXv kv{Xo apt∂-‰-߃˛ `qan-

k-a-c-ßfpw kv{XoI-fpsS ]¶pw˛kv{Xobpw ]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw ˛tI-c-f-Ønse kv{Xohn-tam-N\ {Kq∏p-

Ifpw Ah-cpsS Iem-kmw-kvIm-cnI kmaqly {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpw.

70

samUyqƒ 3

ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Ønse kv{Xo]£Nn¥ (a-e-bmf kmln-Xy-Øns‚ hyXykvX L´-ß-fn-ep-- m-

bn-´p≈ kv{Xobm-hn-jvIm-c-߃-˛-hm-samgn hg-°-ß-fn¬, \mtSmSn kmln-Xy-Øn¬, {]mNo\ Ime-

ß-fn¬, sImtfm-Wn-b¬ Ime-ß-fn¬, \thm-∞m-\-Im-e-Øv, B[p-\nI ˛ DØ-cm-[p-\nI Ime-ß-

fn¬ Chsb kmam-\y-ambn Adn-™p-thWw ]Tn-°p-hm≥)

ae-bm-f-Ønse BZy-Ime Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-Iƒ ˛tXm-´-bv°m´v C°m-h-Ω, AºmSn Im¿Øym-

b\nbΩ, Ip´n-°p-™n-X-¶-®n....)

s]sÆ-gp-Øns‚ BZy-L´w (k-c-kz-Xn-b-Ω, efn-Xmw-_n-I A¥¿÷-\w, _mem-a-Wn-b-Ω, cmP-e-

£van.....)

s]sÆgpØns‚ apJy-[mc (am-[-hn-°p-´n, kmdm-tPm-k-^v, kpK-X-Ip-am-cn, h’-e)

B[p-\nI ae-bmf Ime-L-´-Ønse kv{Xosb-gp-Øp-Im-cn-Iƒ (hn-P-b-e-£van, kmhn-{Xn cmPo-h≥,

Ajn-X, t{Kkn, hn.-Fw.-Kn-cn-P, tdmkvta-cn, ]n.-Ko-X, A\nXm Xºn, sI.-B¿. aoc, N{μ-aXn, kp[o-

c, {]nb.-F.-F-kv)

kv{XoIƒ Bfl-I-Y-sb-gp-Xp-tºmƒ

(hy-XykvX Ime-L-´-ß-fnse kv{Xo]£ Nn¥-I-tfbpw hyXykvX Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-I-fpsS khn-

tij kzXz-sØbpw hy‡-ambn ]Tn-°m-\mWv {i≤n-t°-- -Xv).

samUyqƒ 4

kv{Xo]£ \ncq-]-W-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw (gyno-lesbian-gay apX-emb Nn¥m-]-≤-Xn-Isf kmam-\y-

ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-S-Ww) ˛ enwK-]-Z-hn-bpsS {]iv\-߃ ˛kv{Xo-`m-j-˛-a-e-bm-f-Ønse kv{XohmZ

Nn¥-Iƒ (k-®n-Zm-\-μ≥, kmdm-tPm-k-^v, ]n.-Ko-X, tZ-hn-I, tUm.-Pm≥kn sPbnw-kv, hn.kn lmcn-

kv, kn.-F-kv.-N-{μn-I, tUm. imc-Z-°p´n XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS teJ-\-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬) ae-bm-

f-Ønse kv{Xo \ncq-]-I¿-˛-am-[y-a-ßfpw kv{Xo]-£-Nn-¥-I-fpw-˛-h-\nXm amkn-I-Iƒ-˛-cw-K-I-ebpw

kv{XoIfpw ˛kv{Xo \mS-I-thZn

XpS¿hm-b-\-bv°p≈ ]pkvX-I-߃

kv{Xo Ime-L-´-ß-fn¬ - ]n.-e-£van-°p-´n-b-Ω, (klr-Z-b-thZn, Xr»q¿)

kv{Xo- hn.kn lmcn-kv, (Un.kn _pIvk, tIm´bw)

kv{Xohm-Z-kn-≤m-¥-߃ -˛ {]im-¥vIp-am¿

apSn-sØ-ø-߃˛ (kmdm tPmk-^ns‚ "]m]--Ød' bpsS Ah-Xm-cn-I) Id‚v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿

tIc-f-Ønse kv{Xoap-t∂-‰-ß-fpsS Ncn{Xw˛ kn.-F-kv.-N-{μnI; (tIc-f-km-lnXy A°m-Z-an,

Xr»q¿)

s^an-\nÃv kuμ-cy-imkv{Xw- (F-Un.) Knskem G°¿, (]-cn-`m-j) Pm\In, tUm. sI. tKm]n-

\mYv, (_p°v thw, Xr»q¿)

Ncn-{X-Ønse s]Æn-S-߃˛ civan _nt\mbv- (tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw)

kv{Xohntam-N-\w-˛-N-cn-{Xw-˛-kn-≤m-¥w-˛-k-ao-]\w- F.sI cma-Ir-jvW≥, sI.-Fw. thWp-tKm-]m-

e≥; (\b-\-_pIvkv, ]ø-∂q¿)

BtKm-f-h¬°-cWw kv{Xo˛-{]-IrXn- hμ-\m-inh; hnh. tPm¿÷v sI.-A-eIvkv- (t^_n-b≥

_pIvkv, Be-∏pg)

71kv{Xo ]T-\-߃- k®n-Zm-\-μ≥, ( t_m[n ]ªn-jnwKv lukv, tImgn-t°mSv)

{]W-bw, ssewKn-I-X, A[n-Im-cw - KoX, (Id‚v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿)

s^an-\nkw ˛1

s^an-\nkw ˛2; tIcf `mj C≥Ãn-‰yq´v , Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

kv{XohmZw - sP. tZhnI; Un.kn _pIvkv, tIm´bw

kv{Xo k¶¬]w aebmf t\mh-en¬ - tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn

Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-bpsS apdn - sh¿Pn-\nbm hpƒ^v (hnh. F≥. aq -°q´n, amXr-`qan {]kn-≤o-I-cWw)

tNmcbpw IÆocpw \\™ hgn-Iƒ, tZh-bm\n

1114s‚ IY - A°mΩ sNdn-bm≥

IpSpw_w kzImcy kzØv, `c-W-IqSw F∂n-h-bpsS D¤hw- se\n≥ (t{]m{K- ohv ]ªn-t°-

j≥kv, tamkvtIm, 1980)

EXp-a-Xn-Iƒ°v ]Tn-®m-se¥m- Fw.-]n. `´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv (awK-tfm-Zbw {] v, 1942)

]pcp-j-∑m-cn-√mØ temIw- sI.-k-c-kz-Xn-bΩ (hnX. tIm´-bw, F≥.-_n.-Fkv, 1958)

kzmX-{¥y-e-_v[n-°p-ti-j-ap≈ kv{Xokz-Xzm-hn-jvImcw ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn¬- \ΩpsS kmln-

Xyw-- \-ΩpsS kaqlw, 1901-˛2000, hmfyw ˛3

A¥¿÷\w Hcp ]T\w- hn.kn lmcn-kv (efn-Xmw-_nI A¥¿÷\w jjvSy-_vZ-]q¿Øn˛

BtLm-j-I-Ωn-‰n), \mj-W¬ _p°v Ãmƒ, tIm´bw, 1969

cmP-e£van F∂ Fgp-Øp-Imcn- {]k.kn.-sF.-kn.kn _pIv lukv, Fd-Wm-Ipfw; 1996

"IÆocpw In\mhpw hntam-N-\hpw' (kv{Xo-]£ Nn¥ ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn¬) \ΩpsS

kmlnXyw \ΩpsS kaqlw 1901-˛2000

kv{Xo]£ am[y-a-]-T-\-߃- FUn. ayqkvtacn tPm¿÷v, (Id‚v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿)

Iogm-f-]-T-\-߃- kqkn Xmcp, tXP-kzn\n \nc-RvP\, (Un.-kn.-_pIvkv; tIm´bw)

kmln-Xy-\n-cq-]-W-Ønse Znim-t_m[w- tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn, (F≥.-_n.-Fkv; tIm´bw)

Cμp-teJm ]T-\-߃- C.]n cmP-tKm-]m-e≥ (FUn) tIc-f-km-lnXy A°m-Z-an, Xr»q¿

Ct°m s^an-\n-kw, Ct°m Sqdn-kw, am¿Ivkn-kw - F≥.-Fw. ]ntb-gvk¨,

ImgvN-bpsS tImbva- Sn.sI cma-N-{μ≥, amXr-`qan _pIvkv

BZy-Ime h\nXm amknIm ]T-\-߃- Pn. {]nb-Z¿i≥

Pohn-X-Øn-eq-sS- _mem-a-Wn-bΩ, amXr-`qan 1969

"\jvS-t_m-[-ß-fn-√msX' - tZhIn \ne-b-tßm-Sv

hymg-h´ kvac-W-Iƒ- _n.-I-√ym-Wn-bΩ, awK-tfm-Zbw 1958

Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ˛ sI.-A-PnX; Un.-kn-._pIvkv; tIm´bw 1999

Bfl-I-Y-bvs°m-capJw˛ efn-Xmw-_nI A¥¿P\w

Fs‚ IY- am[-hn°p´n

sXmgn¬tI-{μ-Øn-tebv°v- A¥¿P-\-k-amPw, FUn.-F≥.-B¿ {Kma-{]-Imiv, tImgn-t°mSv k¿Δ-I-

em-ime ]ªn-t°-j≥kv Unhn-j≥

AXn-Po-h-\hpw hntam-N-\hpw- hrμm-Im-cm´v- Nn¥ ]ªn-tjgvkv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

hnth-N-\-Øns‚ `n∂-ap-J-߃- Hcp kwLw teJ-I¿; tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv

72kv{Xo, imkv{Xw, kaqlw- FUn.-tUm.-Sn.sI B\-μn, tUm.-sI.-F≥.-K-tWjv, tIcf imkv{X

kmlnXy ]cn-jØv

P\-Io-b-k-a-c-ß-fn¬ ae-_m-dns‚ s]¨]m-X-Iƒ- tUm.-Sn.sI B\μn,tIcf imkv{X-km-ln-Xy-]-

cn-jØv

************

Code. MA5D03

ska-ÿ V

Hm∏¨ tImgvkv

Ne-®n-{X-]-T\w ]T\ kabw : 54 aWn-°q¿

s{IUn‰v : 4

Dt±iy-e-£y-߃

B[p-\n-I-Im-e-L-´-ß-fnse i‡-amb Hcp am[y-a-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Ne-®n-{X-I-esb ]cn-N-

b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

kn\na F∂ Iem-cq-]-Øns‚ D¤hw, Ncn{Xw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v kma-

\y-⁄m\w D- m-hp-I.

Xnc-°-Ym-c-N-\, kn\n-am-t´m-{Km^n, FUn-‰n-ßv, i_vZ-te-J-\w, kwhn[m\w XpS-ßnb

kn\n-a-bpsS kmt¶-Xn-I-X-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-I.

Hcp eLp-kn-\n-a/Imw-]kv ^nenw/tUmIyp-sa‚dn \n¿Ωn-°m-\p≈ Xmev]cyw hnZym¿∞n-

I-fn¬ D- m-°p-I. Ne-®n-{X-]-T-\w, Ne-®n{X \ncq-]Ww F∂o cq]-߃ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw

hni-I-e\w sNøm\pw Fgp-Xm-\p-ap≈ tijn hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ D- m-°p-I.

samUyqƒ 1

bqWn‰v 1

kn\na F∂ Iem-cq-]-Øns‚ D¤hw-˛kn-\n-a-bpsS imkv{Xob XXzw-˛-s]-gvkn-Ã≥kv

Hm^v hnj≥: Hcp sk°‚n¬ 24 s{^bn-ap-Iƒ F∂ XØzw. kn\na: kmt¶-Xn-I-X-bp-ambn _‘-

s∏´ Iem-cq-]w. kn\na F∂ P\-Iob am[yaw

bqWn‰v 2

kn\n-a-bnse Xcw-Xn-cn-hp-I-ƒ ^o®¿kn-\n-a-Iƒ-˛-{lkz kn\n-a-Iƒ-˛-tUm-Iyp-sa‚dn kn\n-a-

Iƒ- B\n-ta-j≥ kn\n-a-Iƒ˛ shtè kn\n-a-Iƒ˛ Un‰-IvSohv kn\n-a-Iƒ˛ slmd¿ kn\n-a-

Iƒ˛ ayqkn-°¬ kn\n-a-Iƒ˛ tImaUn kn\n-a-Iƒ˛ ªm°v B‚v ssh‰v kn\n-a-Iƒ-˛-\n-»_vZ

kn\n-a-Iƒ˛ cmjv{Sob kn\n-a-Iƒ-˛kv{Xo {]tabw apJy-amb kn\n-a-Iƒ F∂n-ßs\ kn\n-a-bp-

ambn _‘-s∏-´p≈ Xcw-Xn-cp-hp-Isf Ipdn®v kmam-\y-amb [mc-W-bp-- m-I-Ww

bqWn‰v 3

kn\n-a-bpsS Ncn{Xw hf¿®-˛-B-Zy-Ime kwhn-[m-b-I¿, eqan-b¿ {_tZ-gvkv, tkmhn-b‰v

kn\n-a-Iƒ-˛-P¿Ω≥ FIvkv{]-j-\n-kw-˛-\n-tbm-dn-b-en-kw-˛-{^©v \yq thhv kn\n-a-˛-k-a-Im-enI

temI kn\n-a-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

73

Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ kn\n-a-Iƒ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ \n¿_-‘-ambpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-SWw

_m‰n¬ jn∏vt]m-Sw-In≥ ˛ kwhn-[m\w : sk¿Pn sFk≥Ão≥

ss_kn-°nƒ Xohvkv ˛ kwhn-[m\w : hnt´m-dnb Unkn°

Nn¬{U≥ Hm^v slh≥ ˛ kwhn-[m\w : aPoZv aPoZn

Xmsg sImSpØ kn\n-a-Iƒ hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS CjvSm-\p-k-cWw ImWm≥ \n¿t±-in-°mw.

Ah-bn¬\n∂v ¢mkv, skan-\m¿, t{]mPIvSv F∂nh Xøm-dm-°m≥ \n¿t±-in-°mw.

aZ¿ ˛ ]ptUm-hv°n≥

]mj≥ Hm^v tPm¨ Hm^v B¿°v

kn‰n-k¨ sIbv≥ ˛ Hm¿k¨sh-√kv

emkv{SmU ˛ s^√n\n

Hm∏¨ kn‰n ˛ tdmk-en\n

\k-dn≥ ˛ eqbn-_p-\p-h¬

sh¬Uv kvt{Sm_-dokv ˛ CwKvam¿ _¿‹m≥

dmj-tam¨ ˛ Ipdm-tkmh

^mc≥lo‰v ˛ {^mt¶m-{Sqt^m

kn\na ]mc-ssUtkm ˛ Guiseppe Tornatort

ssk¢nÃv ˛ samlvkn≥ aIva¬_^v

kv{]nwKv kΩ¿ ^mƒ & kv{]nwKv ˛ Inw.-In.-Up°v

Zn dnt´¨ ˛ Andrei zyadinstar

d¨ teme-d¨ ˛ tSmw-ssSIvh¿

Hm^vsskUv ˛ Pm^¿ ]\mln

F tjm´v ^nenw F_u´v In√nwKv ˛ Iok temhvkv°n

AKznsd Z dmØv Hm^v tKmUv ˛ sh¿W¿ sl¿ tkmKv

Z emÃv s{Sbn≥

]m≥kv em_-dn¥v ˛ Gillermo Del Toro Gomez

Z t{K‰v UnIvvtS-‰¿ ˛ Nm¿fn Nmπn≥

bqWn‰v 4

C¥y≥ kn\na: BZy-Ime kn\n-a-Iƒ- kXy-Pn-Xvtd, EXzn-IvL-´Iv, arWmƒsk≥ XpS-

ßn-b-h¿ \S-Ønb _wKmfn kn\n-a-bnse ]co-£-W-߃. Kncojv Imk-d-h-≈n, iymw s_\-K¬

XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS kn\n-a-Iƒ, kn\n-a-bnse kv{Xo {]Xn-\n-[m-\-߃- aocm-\m-b¿, A]¿Wm-sk≥,

Zo]-taØ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS kn\n-a-Iƒ. ka-Im-enI Xangv kn\n-a-bnse ]pXnb {]h-W-X-Isf ]cn-

N-b-s∏-S¬

Xmsg ]d-bp∂ kn\n-a-Iƒ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ \n¿_-‘-ambpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-S-Ww.

taLm-[mt° Xmcm ˛ EXznIv L´°v

anÿ B‚v an nkv Aø¿ ˛ A]¿Wm-sk≥

kp{_-“-Wy-]pcw ˛ iin-Ip-am¿

C¥y≥ kn\n-a-bpsS s]mXp-kz-`m-hßpw khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw a\- n-em-°m≥ Xmsg sImSp-

Øn-co-°p∂ kn\n-a-Iƒ ImWm\pw hne-bn-cp-Øm\pw hnZym¿∞n-I-tfmSv \n¿t±-in-°mw.

74Assk≥sa‚v, t{]mP-IvSv, ¢mkv, skan-\m¿ F∂nh {]kvXpX kn\n-a-Isf hne-bn-cp-Øn-

sIm- v Xøm-dm-°m≥ \n¿t±-in-°mw.

Nmcp-eX ˛ kXy-Pn-Xvtd

`qh≥tjmw ˛ arWmƒ sk≥

LS-{im≤ ˛ Kncojv Imk-d-h≈n

hm´¿ ˛ Zo]-taØ

`qanI ˛ iymws_-\-K¬

A{K-lm-c-Øn¬ IgpssX ˛ iymws_-\-K¬

]cp-Øn-ho-c≥ ˛ Aao¿ kp¬Øm≥

Hmt´m-{Km^v ˛ tNc≥

ªm°v ˛ kRvPbv eoem _≥kmen

Iº\n ˛ cmwtKm-]m¬ h¿Ω

sam-Uyqƒ 2

bqWn‰v 1

Ne-®n{X kt¶-X-߃ : kmam\y ]cn-Nbw - s{^bnw, tjm´v, ko≥, koIz≥kv, sam- mjv

F∂nh-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ [mc-W.

bqWn‰v 2

kwhn-[m-\w, kn\n-am-t´m-{Km-^n, FUn-‰n-ßv, i_vZ-te-J-\w, U∫nßv F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®p≈

kmam-\y-[m-cW

bqWn‰v 3

Xnc-°-Y, Xnc-°-Y-bn¬ \n∂v kn\n-a-bn-te-°p≈ am‰w -hntizm-Øc Xnc-°-Y-Isf ]cn-N-b-

s∏-S¬, C¥y≥ Xnc-°-Y-Iƒ -aebmfw Xnc-°-Y-Iƒ, t\mh¬, IY, \mSIw F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂p≈

A\p-h¿Ø-\-߃ (Adaptation)

bqWn‰v 4

tUmIyp-sa‚n kn\n-a-Iƒ, {lkz-kn-\n-a-Iƒ, (Short films) ayqknIv B¬_-߃, \yqkv do¬,

B\n-ta-j≥ kn\n-a-Iƒ, ]cky Nn{X-߃, BZy-Ime tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-Iƒ, tdmt_m¿´v

^vfml¿´n-bpsS \m\q°v Hm^v Zn t\m¿Øv, s_¿´v lm≥kv{S-bpsS •mkv-hm¿´vUn-kv\n-bpsS

B\n-ta-j≥ kn\n-a-Iƒ, B\-μv]Svh¿≤≥, Fw.F. dlvam≥ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-Iƒ

Xmsg sImSp-Øn-co-°p∂ tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-Ifpw hoUn-tbm-Ifpw hnZym¿∞n-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-

Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

\m\q°v Hm^v Zn t\m¿Øv ˛ tdm_¿´v ^vfml¿´n

•mkv ˛ s_¿´v lm≥kv{S

kq ˛ s_¿´v lm≥kv{S

t_mws_ Ah¿ kn‰n ˛ B\-μv]Svh¿≤≥

]I¿∂m´w ˛ Fw.-B¿. cmP≥

Ipa-c-\-√q-cnse Ipf-߃ ˛ Fw.F dlvam≥

]Xn-s\-´m-asØ B\ ˛ ]n.-_m-e≥

]o˛-jn‰v ˛ Aap-Z≥

F¿Øv tkmßv ˛ ssa°¬ PmIvk¨

75^mc≥ lo‰v 9/11 ˛ ssa°¬ aq¿

B\n-ta-j≥ ^nen-ap-Iƒ

{]n‚vUv sdbv≥t_m ˛ KoXm-RvPen dmhp

^‚m-knb 2000˛ knUv\n ÃpUntbm

]cky Nn{X-߃

]mt°Pv ˛ \yqtbm¿°v ^nenw s^Ãn-h¬

samUyqƒ 3

bqWn‰v 1

ae-bmf kn\na Bcw-`w˛ hnK-X-Ip-am-c≥, _me≥, \yqkv t]∏¿ t_mbv XpS-ßnb BZy-

Ime kn\n-a-Ifpw kwhn-[m-b-Icpw- kmam\y ]cn-N-bw.

bqWn‰v 2

]n.-F≥. tat\m≥, cmap-Im-cym-´v, ASq¿ tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥, Ac-hn-μ≥, sI.Pn tPm¿÷v XpS-

ßnb kwhn-[m-b-I¿ ae-bmf kn\n-a-bn¬ \S-Ønb ]co-£-W-߃.

tPm¨ F{_-lmw, ]fl-cm-P≥, `c-X≥, Sn.hn N{μ≥, se\n≥ cmtP-{μ≥ XpS-ßnb kwhn-[m-

b-I-cpsS kn\n-a-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ.

bqWn‰v 3

P\-{]nb kn\n-a-Iƒ, kwhn-[m-b-I¿˛ kXy≥ A¥n-°m-Sv, {io\n-hm-k≥, sª n XpS-ßnb

kwhn-[m-b-I-cpsS kn\n-a-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ. ]pXp-\nc kwhn-[m-b-I-cpsS kn\n-a-Iƒ.

bqWn‰v 4

ae-bmf kn\nam \ncq-]-W-Øns‚ D¤-hw. {][m-\-\n-cq-]-I¿. ae-bmf kn\n-a-bnse Zfn-Xv-

˛kv{Xo˛kh¿W {]Xn-\n-[m-\-ß-fpsS cmjv{So-bsØ Ipdn-®p≈ ]T-\w. A`n-t\-Xm-°sf Ipdn-

®p≈ ]T\w.

hni-Z-amb ]T-\-Øn-\mbn \n¿t±-in-°p∂ kn\n-a-Iƒ

Hmfhpw Xochpw ˛ ]n.-F≥. tat\m≥

sImSn-tb‰w ˛ ASq¿ tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥

hmkvXp-lmc ˛ Ac-hn-μ≥

ImgvN ˛ sª n

A[n-I-hm-b\ ImgvN-˛-¢m v/skan-\m¿/Assk≥sa‚v F∂n-h-bv°mbn \n¿t±-in-°p∂ kn\n-a-Iƒ

Hcn-SØv ˛ Ac-hn-μ≥

Fen-∏-Ømbw ˛ ASq¿

Xqhm-\-Øp-ºn-Iƒ ˛ ]fl-cm-P≥

\n¿Ωmeyw ˛ Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb¿

I≈≥ ]hn-{X≥ ˛ ]fl-cm-P≥

hS-°p-t\m-°n-b{¥w ˛ {io\n-hm-k≥

sshimen ˛ `c-X≥

ssZh-Øns‚ hnIr-Xn-Iƒ ˛ se\n≥ cmtP-{μ≥

IYm-h-ti-j-≥ ˛ Sn.hn N{μ≥

\mtSm-Sn-°m‰v ˛ kXy≥ A¥n-°mSv

klm-bI {KŸ-߃

76temI-kn-\na ˛ hnP-b-Ir-jvW≥

C¥y≥ kn\na ˛ Fw.-F^v tXmakv

ae-bmf kn\n-a-bpsS IY ˛ hnP-b-IrjvW≥

25 temI-kn-\n-a-Iƒ ˛ Pn.-]n.-cm-a-N-{μ≥ (Nn¥ ]ªn-tj-gvkv)

kn\n-a-bpsS CS-߃ ˛ kn.hn _me-Ir-jvW≥

ImgvN-bpsS Aim¥n ˛ hn.-cm-P-Ir-jvW≥

Ne-®n-{X-Øn‚ s]mcpƒ ˛ hnP-b-Ir-jvW≥

kn\n-a-bpsS temIw ˛ ASq¿ tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥

kn\n-a-bpsS hgn-bn¬ ˛ sF.-j¨ap-J-Zmkv

ae-ap-I-fn¬ a™p-s]-øp∂p ˛ sF.-j¨ap-J-Zmkv

kn\n-abpw kwkvIm-chpw ˛ sI. tKm]n-\m-Y≥

k©m-cn-bpsS hoSv ˛ sF.-j¨ap-J-Zmkv

kn\n-a-bnse ico-c-`mj ˛ tPmkv. sI.-am-\p-h¬ (I-d‚v _pIvkv)

ae-bm-f-kn-\n-abpw kmln-Xyhpw ˛ a[p Cd-h-¶c

P\-{]nb kn\n-a-bpsS cmP-in-ev]n-Iƒ-------˛

]fl-cm-P≥ , `c-X≥ ˛ Imhn¬ cmPv

Ac-hn-μs‚ Ie ˛ H.-sI. tPmWn (t_m-[n)

^pSvt_mƒ kn\n-a-Iƒ ImgvNbpw

{]Xn-\n-[m-\hpw ˛ a[p-P-\m¿±-\≥ (Un.-kn.-_n)

Ne-®n-{X-]-T-\-߃ ˛ FUn: ]∑\ cma-N-{μ≥ \mb¿, ]n.sI

]c-ta-iz-c≥ \mb¿ kvamcI {KŸm-hen

75 Years of Malayalam Cinema DVD

A history of the cinema from its origin to 1970 - Eric Rhod (Penguin Books)

How to read a film James Monaco

Xnc-°-Y-Iƒ ˛ Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb¿

Xnc-°-Y-Iƒ ˛ ]fl-cm-P≥

hntizm-Øc Xnc-°-Y-Iƒ ˛ Un.kn _pIvkv

kl-{km-_vZ-Øns‚ kn\n-a-Iƒ ˛ frame film south

******************

Code. MA1C01

ska-ÿ I

tImwπn-sa‚dn tImgvkv

tIcf ]T-\w-˛-B-Zy-Ime tIcfw

]T\ kabw : 54 aWn-°q¿

s{IUn‰v : 2

Dt±-iy-e-£y-߃

774 ska-Ãp-I-fn-embn 4 tImgvkp-I-fm-bn- ´mWv tIc-f-]-T\w hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv.

tIc-f-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-sØ-°p-dn®pw kwkvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn®pw kmam-\y-amb [mcW

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v D- m-°p-I-bmWv e£yw. Ncn-{X-Ir-Xn-I-tfm-sSm∏w kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Ifpw

kmaq-ln-I-˛-km-kw-Im-cn-I-˛-km-ln-Xy-˛-cm-jv{Sob {]h¿Ø-I-cpsS Bfl-I-Y-Ifpw Poh-N-cn-

{X-ßfpw Hm¿Ω-°p-dn- ∏p-Ifpw ]T-\-Øn\v klm-bI-{K-Ÿ-ß-fmbn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-

Ww.

samUyqƒ 1: kwkvImcw˛\n¿h-N-\-߃, kmwkvIm-cnI hrØw F∂ k¶ev]w ˛ kwkvIm-c-

Øns‚

D®- ˛ \o-N-t`Zw. -

Ncn{Xw ˛-\n¿h-N-\w-˛-km-[y-X-Iƒ ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ

Ncn-{Xhpw kwkv°m-chpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w, hnhn[ Ncn-{X-c-N\m ]≤-Xn-Iƒ

samUyqƒ 2: tIc-fw-˛-`q-an-im-kv{Xw, Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ, BZn-a-\n-hm-kn-Iƒ, tIc-tfm¬∏-Øn-I

Y-Iƒ ]cm-a¿i-ap≈ IrXn-Iƒ, k©m-cn-Ifpw bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-ß-fpw, kwkvImc

Ncn-{X-c-N-\-bpsS D]m-Zm-\-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ, imk-\-߃, \mW-b-߃, ]pcm-tc-J-Iƒ,

{]mNo-\-

kw-kvIm-cw, Ah-in-jvS-߃ F∂n-h-sb-Ip-dn-®p≈ kmam-\y-]-cn-Nbw

samUyqƒ 3: kwL-Im-ew-˛-kw-L-km-ln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ, Ime-\n¿Æ-bw, `n∂m-`n-{]m-b-߃, ]Xn-‰p-

∏-Øv, {][m\ cmPm-°-∑m¿, kmaq-ly-Po-hn-Xw, aXhpw kwkvIm-c-hpw, XnW-Iƒ,

`uXnI kwkvIm-cw.

samUyqƒ 4: Ipe-ti-Jc km{am-Pyw-˛-a-tlm-Z-b-]p-cw, {][m-\-cm-Pm-°-∑m¿, sIm√-h¿jw, `qhy-h-

ÿ, P∑n k{º-Zm-b-Øns‚ Bhn¿`m-hw Bcy-{Zm-hnU k¶-e-\w, t£{X-tI-{μo-

IrX `c-W-hy-h-ÿ. acp-a-°-Øm-bw, hnhn-[-a-X-߃-˛-_p-≤-a-Xhpw ssP\-a-Xhpw˛

blq-Z˛ C…m-anI ˛ ss{IkvXh aX-ß-fpsS km∂n≤yw. hmWn-Py-_-‘-߃.

_p≤-ssP-\-a-X-ß-fpsS XI¿®. lnμp-a-X-Øns‚ \thm-∞m-\w, {ioi-¶-c≥,

PmXnhyhÿbpw tIc-f-k-aq-l- hpw. PmXo-b-amb Iq´m-bva-Ifpw PmXn-bpsS

]c-kv]-c-ap≈ Iq´m-bva-I-fpw, {_m“-Wm-[n-]-Xyw.

**********

Code. MA2C02

ska-ÿ II

tImwπn-sa‚dn tImgvkv

tIcf ]T-\w-˛-a[y-Ime tIcfw

]T\ kabw : 54 aWn-°q¿

s{IUn‰v : 2

78samUyqƒ 1: GIo-IrX km{am--Py-Øns‚ XI¿®-˛-Im-c-W-߃, \mSp-hm-gn-Iƒ, hf¿® ˛

]cn-anXnIƒ˛ {][m\ \m´p-cm-Py-߃

samUyqƒ 2: thWmSv kzcq]w ˛ hf¿®, hn]p-e-\w, kmaq-lnI {]Xym-Lm-Xw, bp≤-߃ ˛

am¿Øm-WvU-h¿Ω hsc.

s]cp-º-S∏p kzcq-]w ˛ hf¿®, InS-a-’-c-߃, ]men-b-Ø-—≥, hntZ-im-[n-]-Xyw.

samUyqƒ 3: s\Sn-bn-cn∏v kzcq]w ˛ ]›m-Ø-ew, Ip™m-en-a-c-bv°m¿, amam-¶w, a‰v cmP-hw-i-

߃-˛-tIm-e-Øn-cn-amcpw Ad-bv°¬ cmP-hw-i-ßfpw

samUyqƒ 4: Iebpw kwkvIm-c-hpw, ]m´pw aWn-{]-hm-f-hpw. tIc-fo-b-cw-K-I-e-bpsS Bhn¿`m-hw.

IqØv, IqSn-bm-´w, IY-I-fn, Xp≈¬, kmkvIm-cnI kzXz-cq-]o-I-c-Ww, Ad-_n-a-e-

bm-fw, am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Iƒ, sX°≥ ˛ hS-°≥ ]m´p-Iƒ.

******************

Code. MA3C03

ska-ÿ III

tImwπn-sa‚dn tImgvkv

tIcf ]T-\w-˛-A[n-\n-thiIme tIcfw

]T\ kabw : 54 aWn-°q¿

s{IUn‰v : 2

samUyqƒ 1: hntZim-[n-]Xyw C¥y-bn¬-˛-tI-c-f-Øn¬ ]m›mXy cmjv{Sob aX kmº-ØnI

kml-N-cyw. t]m¿®p-Ko-kp-Im-cpsS hc-hv-˛-B-[n-]-Xyhpw XI¿®-bpw-˛U®v B[n-

]Xy {iaw ˛ XI¿®-˛-{^©v A[n-\n-th-i-߃.

samUyqƒ 2: aXhpw kwkvIm-c-hpw, tlm¿Øqkv ae-_m-dn-°p-kv, DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kq\-l-tZm-kv,

Iq\≥ Ipcnip Iem-]w, anj-Wdn {]h¿Ø-\-߃ ˛ `mjm {]¿Ø-\-߃, A®-Sn-

bp-sSbpw ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn-s‚bpw XpS-°w.

samUyqƒ 3: {_n´ojv B[n-]-Xyw, hnhn-[-bp-≤-߃, Iem-]-߃, ]g-»n-I-em-]-߃, ssakq¿

B{I-a-Ww, ae-_m¿ Iem-]w, \mSp-hm-gn-Ø-Øn-s‚bpw \m´p-cm-Py-ß-fp-sSbpw

XI¿®.

samUyqƒ 4: tZiob {]ÿm-\-߃, sImtfm-Wn-b¬ hnt[-b-Xzw, tIc-f-Øns‚ B[p-\n-I-

h¬°-c-Ww, hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-\-߃, ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\w, tlmwdqƒ {]ÿm-\w,

79I¿jI {]ÿm-\-ß-fpw ka-c- ß-fpw, Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ tÉv tIm¨{K- v,

ssh°w ˛ Kpcp-hmbq¿ kXym-{K-l-߃, Jnem-^Øv {]ÿm-\w, ae-_m-dnse

tZiob {]ÿm-\-߃, sFIy tIc-fw.

***********

Code. MA4C04

ska-ÿ IV

tImwπn-sa‚dn tImgvkv

tIcf ]T-\w-˛-B[p-\nI tIcfw

]T\ kabw : 54 aWn-°q¿

s{IUn‰v : 2

samUyqƒ 1: tIc-fob \thm-∞m-\w, \thm-∞m\w F∂ kw{]-Xy-bw-˛-]m-›m-Xy-\-thm-∞m-\w-˛-

\-thm-∞m\ Nn¥-bpsS hym]-\w kmln-Xyw, Ie, Ncn-{X-t_m-[w, \nb-a-

\n¿ΩmWw, \oXn \n¿Δ-lWw F∂o cwK-ß-fn¬, \mSp-hm-gnØ kaq-l-Øn¬

\n∂v knhn-en-b≥ kaq-l-Øn-te-bv°v.

samUyqƒ 2: kmaqly ]cn-jvI-cW {]ÿm-\-߃, hy‡n-Iƒ, kwL-S-\-Iƒ, tbmK-t£-a-k-

`,F≥. Fkv.-F-kv, Fkv.-F≥.-Un.]n XpS-ßnb kwL-S-\-Iƒ, Aø-¶m-fn, N´-ºn

kzman-Iƒ, {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp, ktlm-Z-c≥ Aø-∏≥, hn.Sn `´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv, a∂Øv

]fl-\m`≥ apX-em-b-h¿, hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-\-߃, Nm∂m¿ el-f, ]menbw

ka-cw, t£{X {]th-i\ hnfw-_-cw.

samUyqƒ 3: ka-c-ß-fpw apt∂-‰ßfpw ˛Cu-gh satΩm-dn-bepw ae-bmfn satΩm-dn-b-epw,

I¿jI Iem-]-߃, tIm¨{K- v-˛-I-Ωyq-WnÃv ]m¿´n-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\-߃,

{KŸ-ime {]ÿm-\w, Iem kmlnXy cmjv{Sob cwK-ß-fnse kwL-S-\-Iƒ,

{]ÿm-\-߃, ÿm]-\-߃, `q]-cnjvI-cW \nb-a-߃, Im¿jnI {]h¿Ø-\-

߃, hnZym-`ym-k-_n¬

samUyqƒ 4: ]pXnb tIc-fw, Bkq-{XnX hnI-k\w ˛ hyh-kmbh¬°-c-Ww-˛-ap-∂Wn `c-W-Iq-S-

߃-˛-]-cn-an-Xn-Iƒ, Im¿jn-I-ta-J-e-bnse XI¿®, ]©-h-’-c-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ, tIcf

80hnI-k\ amXr-I˛ km[y-Xbpw ]cnanXn-bpw, km£-cXm {]h¿Ø-\w, A[n-Im-

c-hn-tI-{μo-I-c-Ww, tIc-f-hn-I-k\ ]≤-Xn, ZenXv apt∂-‰-߃, kv{Xo im‡o-I-

cWw ˛ap-t∂-‰-߃, IpSn-tb-‰hpw {]hm-k-hpw.

****************

klm-b-{K-Ÿ-߃

cmL-h-hm-cn-b¿-˛-cm-P≥ Kpcp-°ƒ ˛ tIcf Ncn{Xw

tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥.]n.sI ˛ tIc-f-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cnI Ncn{Xw

Zmtam-Z-c≥.sI ˛ tIcf Ncn{Xw

{io[-c-ta-t\m≥.F ˛ tIcf Ncn-{Xw, kwkvImcw

KtWjv sI.-F≥ ˛ tIc-f-Øns‚ C∂-se-Iƒ

cmL-h-hm-cn-b¿.-Fw.-B¿ ˛ a≤y-Ime tIc-fw, kº-Øv, kaqlw

kwkvImcw

_me-Ir-jvW≥.-]n.sI ˛ PmXn-hy-h-ÿbpw tIcf Ncn-{Xhpw

C.-Fw.-Fkv ˛ tIcfw ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS amXr-`qan

˛ tIc-f-Øns‚ tZiob {]ÿm\w

Ip™≥ ]n≈, Cfw-Ipfw ˛ kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ \mgn-I°-√p-Iƒ

DÆp-\oen ktμiw Ncn{X ZrjvSnbn¬

P∑n k{º-Zmbw tIc-f-Øn¬

DÆp-\oen ktμiw Ah-Xm-cnI

emem-Xn-e-Iw, BapJ ]T\w

tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jØv ˛ tIcf ]T\w

tKmhn-μ-]n-≈.]n ˛ tIc-f-Øns‚ kthm-∞m\w

tXmakv ]n.sP ˛ ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xyhpw IrkvXym-\n-Ifpw

tXmakv sFkIv ˛ tIcfw aÆpw a\p-jy\pw

\ºq-Xn-cn F≥.Fw ˛ tImgn-t°m-Sns‚ IY

kmaq-Xncn Ncn-{X-Ønse ImWm-∏p-d-߃

\mcm-b-W≥ Fw.-Pn.-Fkv ˛ tIcf Ncn-{X-Ønse ASn-ÿm\ ine-Iƒ

hk-¥≥ Fkv.sI ˛ \Ωƒ \S∂ hgn-Iƒ

tIcf Ncn{X hn⁄m-\-tImiw

them-bp-[≥ ]Wn-°-t»cn ˛ k©m-cn-Ifpw tIcf Ncn-{Xhpw

hmWn-bw-Ipfw {]mtZ-inI Ncn{Xw

IS-Ø-\m´v {]mtZ-inI Ncn{Xw

s]cp-º-S∏v/ht∂cn tZi-N-cn{Xw

tIc-f-Ønse {KŸ-imem {]ÿm\w ˛ sÃ]vkv

tIcf Iem-a-WvUew Ncn{Xw ˛ eoe \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv

\ΩpsS kmln-Xyw, \ΩpsS kaqlw ˛ tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan

81

Bfl-I-Y-Iƒ

Ign™ Imew ˛ sI.-]n. tIi-h-tam-t\m≥

Jnem-^Øv kvac-W-Iƒ ˛ samgn-Ip∂w

Fs‚ \mSp-I-S-ج ˛ kztZ-im-`n-am\n

hymg-h´ kvac-W-Iƒ ˛ _n. Ieym-Wn-bΩ

Ac-\q-‰m- v ˛ ]n.-\m-cm-b-W≥ \mb¿

Bfl-IY ˛ C.-Fw.-Fkv

Fs‚ PohnX IY ˛ G.-sI.Pn

Fs‚ IpXn∏pw InX∏pw ˛ ^mZ¿ hS-°≥

IÆocpw In\mhpw ˛ hn.Sn

Pohn-X-∏mX ˛ sNdp-ImSv

sImgn™ Ce-Iƒ ˛ tPmk^v ap- -t»cn

Hfn-hnse Hm¿Ω-Iƒ ˛ tXm∏n¬ `mkn

]pXp-∏≈n cmL-hs‚ Bfl-IY ˛ ]pXp-∏≈n

hnhn[ Poh Ncn-{X-߃

ta¬]-d™ IrXn-Iƒ hmbn®v skan-\m¿ t]∏¿ Xøm-dm-°Ww.

kne-_ v Xr]vXn-I-c-ambn Xo¿°p-∂-Xn\v Assk≥sa‚v, skan-\m¿ F∂nh {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-

Ww.

skan-\m¿/Assk≥sa‚v

tIc-f-Øns‚ Imem-hÿ ˛Irjn˛kmaqly PohnXw˛ Imem-hÿ hyXn-bm\w ˛Irjn˛-

tXm-´-hn-f-Iƒ˛km-aqly PohnXw ˛kz`mhw ˛\mWy-hn-f-Iƒ˛`-t£ym-ev]m-Z\w ˛ hyh-kmb hev°-

c-Whpw Irjnbpw

kwL-km-lnXyw˛ IrXn-Iƒ, Fgp-Øp-Im¿, XnW-k-¶-ev]hpw Imhy Pohn-Xhpw kmlnXy IrXn

Ncn-{X-Øns‚ D]m-Zm\w F∂ \ne-bn¬.

a≤y-Ime tIcfw ˛temI-N-co-{X-Ønse a≤y-Im-e-L´ k¶¬]w, Ccp-f-S™ Imew F∂ \nK-

a\w icn-tbm, atlm-Z-b-]pcw ˛sImSp-ß-√q¿.

tImf-\o-I-cWw˛ ]gb k¶-ev]-߃, PohnX bmYm¿∞y-߃, ]pXnb ImgvN-Iƒ˛ kmln-Xy-

Øn¬, Ncn-{X-Øn¬, kmaq-lnI t_m[-Øn¬.

A]-tIm-f-\o-I-c-Ww˛ Ncn-{X-kw-`-h-߃, kzm[o-\-߃

{]mtZ-inI Ncn-{X-c-N\˛ {]mtZ-InI Ie-Iƒ, D¬k-hw, BNm-c-\p-jvTm-\-߃˛]-T\w

***************