Search Engine Technology Slides are revised version of the ones taken from meng
Revised SWUC Slides
-
Upload
parul-singh -
Category
Documents
-
view
107 -
download
0
Transcript of Revised SWUC Slides
![Page 1: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Creating a Walkability Surface for Maricopa County
Parul Singh and Madison DavisASU MAS-GIS students
Co-Authors: Marc Adams, Jane Hurley, Lu Hao
Funding Source #: R01CA198915
![Page 2: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Presentation Objective
To share the the steps taken and tools used to create a geographic surface of walkability for Maricopa County
2
![Page 3: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Overview• Background on Walkability and WalkIT Arizona Study• Four Components of the Walkability Index:
o Net Residential Densityo Intersection Densityo Transit Densityo Land Use Mix (Entropy)
• Results and Significance
3
![Page 4: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why is Walkability important?
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. September 2015
4
Vice Admiral Vivek Hallegere Murthy, Surgeon General of the United States
![Page 5: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
WalkIT Arizona Study
“to test the effectiveness of interventions using physical activity trackers, goal setting,
motivational text messages, monetary incentives and health education to promote physical activity
behaviors...”
“in high and low walkable communities”
Principal Investigator Marc Adams, PhD, MPH
5
![Page 6: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
International Physical Activity and Environment Network (IPEN) Study
IPEN GIS templates guided decisions to quantify built environment attributes for physical activity
Templates include +100 pages of definitions, recommendations
www.ipenproject.org
Adams, Frank et al., 2015 Int’l J of Health Geographics
6
![Page 7: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Software• ESRI ArcGIS for Desktop v. 10.3
• Microsoft Excel
• SPSS
7
![Page 8: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Calculating Walkability• 4 components, each is a surface
• First find raw scores for each component
• Walkability Index = [ (z-score of net residential density)+ 2*(z-score of intersection
density)+ (z-score of transit density)+ (z-score of land use mix)]
8
![Page 9: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Maricopa County
9
![Page 10: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Focus Area
Phoenix Urban Core
North Scottsdale Suburban
10
![Page 11: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Urban Core Suburban
Comparison
Same scale (resolution)11
![Page 12: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Preliminary Steps
12
![Page 13: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Preliminary Steps• Data Acquisition
o Maricopa County Assessor's Officeo Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG)o Valley Metroo U.S. Census Bureau
• Prep for use in context o Projection: NAD 1983 HARN StatePlane Arizona Central FIPS 0202 (Meters)
• PUCs Reclassification (2251 down to 5)o Main categories:
residential retail office entertainment civic 13
![Page 14: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
PUCs Reclassification ● Residential
○ single & multiple family,mobile home, dormitory○ exclude: hotels, motels, timeshared property
● Retail○ retail stores, shopping malls, banking, gas stations, food-related○ exclude: auto dealerships, “big box” mega stores ( >=300,000 sqf.)
● Office○ administration, nonprofit institutions, medical services○ exclude: warehouses, manufacturing offices, factories,
14
![Page 15: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
PUCs Reclassification● Entertainment
○ bars, night clubs, theaters, museums
● Civic/ institutional○ educational, religious, health, governmental, police, military facilities
● Multi-use codes (mixed-use)○ Store & Office/Apartment○ Office & Residence
■ double/ triple counted
15
![Page 16: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Unit of Analysis• Census Block Groups
o Aligns with population estimate in IPEN templates• 100 Meter buffer
o Captures walkability/built environment features on edges
16
![Page 17: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Block Group Buffer
17
Original Boundary
![Page 18: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Walkability Components
1:Residential Density
18
![Page 19: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Net Residential Density• Ratio of residential housing units: residential land area in the buffer
o Residential= permanent, majority of the year, not easily moved housing/dwelling units
o Includes single and multi family use
19
![Page 20: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Net Residential Density• High Density = many units in area• Low Density = units spread out
20Imagery: Google, Map Data, Digital Globe, 2016
![Page 21: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Net Residential Density
• Layer of all residential parcelso ~1.3 million parcels
• Includes Land Area and Housing Unitcount fields
21
![Page 22: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Assign parcels to buffered block groups
Net Residential Density
22
![Page 23: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Net Residential Density
= Count Area
23
![Page 24: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Net Residential DensityUrban Core Suburban
24Lowest Highest
![Page 25: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Walkability Components2:Intersection Density
25
![Page 26: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Intersection Density• Ratio of intersections : land area• Intersection: 3 or more walkable road segments intersect
• High Density = Many walkable intersections• Low Density = Few walkable intersections
26
![Page 27: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Intersection DensityRoads Included:
1. Neighborhood Streets
2. Byway - single lane of traffic in each direction
3. Pedestrian Trail
4. Pedestrian Passageway
5. Rural Road
6. City Streets
27
Roads Excluded:
1. Interstate highway
2. Ramps
3. Unpaved Roads
4. Limited Access Highways
5. Freeways
6. Expressway
![Page 28: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Pseudo Nodes
Dangling Nodes
Nodes not included
28
Intersection Density
![Page 29: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
True Nodes
29
Intersection Density
![Page 30: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Intersection Density
• Assign Regular nodes to the Block group
30
![Page 31: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Intersection DensityIntersection Density = Count/ Area
31Summarize on Block group buffer Field
![Page 32: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Intersection DensityUrban Core Suburban
32Lowest Highest
![Page 33: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Walkability Components3:Transit Density
33
![Page 34: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Transit Density
• Ratio of transit stops: land area• Transit stops include bus and light rail• Considered how many buses stop at each ‘physical’ stop
• High Transit Density = many transit stops• Low Transit Density = few transit stops
34
![Page 35: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Transit Density● Bus Stops
● Light-Rail stops
35
![Page 36: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Transit Density
Summarize on Block group buffer Field
Transit density = Count/Area
36
![Page 37: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Transit DensityUrban Core Suburban
37Lowest Highest
![Page 38: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Walkability Components
4: Land Use Mix
38
![Page 39: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Land Use Mix• Calculation of entropy of land use types in block group buffer
• Raw Score always between 0 and 1o 0 indicates only one land use present o 1 indicates a perfectly even distribution of all land uses across the block
group buffer
39
![Page 40: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Land Use Mix• Repeat merge and summarize processes described to get the sum of land or
floor area in each block group
40
LandUseMix.gdbParcelArea_OfficeParcelArea_RetailParcelArea_CivicParcelArea_EntertainmentLivableArea_Residential
![Page 41: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Land Use Mix
41
![Page 42: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Land Use MixUrban Core Suburban
42Lowest Highest
![Page 43: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Walkability Index
Walkability Index = [ (z-score of net residential density) + (z-score of intersection density) + (z-score of transit density) + (z-score of retail floor area ratio) + (z-score of land use mix)]
43
![Page 44: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Z- Score Net Residential DensityIntersection DensityTransit Density Land Use Mix
44
Lowest Highest
![Page 45: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
Z- Score Net Residential DensityIntersection DensityTransit Density Land Use Mix
Lowest Highest
![Page 46: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
Z- Score Net Residential DensityIntersection DensityTransit Density Land Use Mix
Lowest Highest
![Page 47: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
Z- Score Net Residential DensityIntersection DensityTransit Density Land Use Mix
Lowest Highest
![Page 48: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Walkability Surface…Combine all of the components...
48
![Page 49: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
WalkabilitySurface
49
Lowest Highest
Net Residential DensityIntersection DensityTransit Density Land Use Mix
![Page 50: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
WalkabilityUrban Core Suburban
50
![Page 51: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Crime-risk
51
Lowest Highest
![Page 52: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Walkability-Crime analysis
52
![Page 53: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Advantages of using GIS
• Analysis on Macroscale• Use existing data • Map Creation• Patterns are clearly observed• Help to select neighborhoods to test the effectiveness of the physical activity
intervention
53
![Page 54: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Conclusion• Able to target recruiting efforts to high and low walkable areas
• Gather participants for the WalkIT Arizona Research Study
Next Steps ● Virtual truth to make sure the surface makes sense
54
![Page 55: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Thank you!
55
![Page 56: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
ContactsParul Singh Madison [email protected] [email protected]
Marc Adams, PhD, [email protected]
MAS-GIS 2015-1656
![Page 57: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57
![Page 58: Revised SWUC Slides](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062523/58a565ae1a28ab20528b594f/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Data Versions:Maricopa County Block Groups, 2010 U.S. Census
Parcels, Maricopa County Assessor’s Office, 2015
Light Rail and Transit Stops, Valley Metro, 2015
Roads, U.S. Census TIGER/Line, 2015
58