Revised Handbook Analysing Jobs
Transcript of Revised Handbook Analysing Jobs
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S.DepartmentofLabor
Administration1991
P u b l
i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
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Administration
ploymentTraining
printofTheHandbookforAnalyzingJobsas producedbythe
Itincludesall thecontentoftheoriginal bookandispublished
polis,IN46202.
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okforAnalyzingJobs isthe
onofthisimportntbooksince
xactduplicateofthebookproduced
Labor,plus36 pages(9-1through
reaccidentallyomittedinthe
vernment.Thesepagesinclude
,interpretivedata,andexamples
dasanimportantcomponentof
cs"whichiswidelyusedbythe
forjobanalysis.
pages9-1through9-36are quite
ncopiesofpages missingfrom
atherthanmorelegibletypeset
n,theprinting qualityofthese
Still,wethinkthat theinclusion
portantandthankthestaffofthe
forprovidingthemtous.
IST Works,Inc.isanunabridgedreprintof TheHandbookforAnalyzingJobs,
edStatesDepartmentofLabor,EmploymentandTrainingAdministration.
dStatesofAmerica
thepublisherfor quanititydiscounts.
onorder formattheendof thisbook.
31
mostareas)or1-317-264-3720
317-264-3709
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ngJobs(HAJ)containsthemethodology
hecooperativeFederal-StateOccupational
ringandrecordinginformationaboutjobs.
ysisproductsincludetheDictionaryofOccu-
ainsoccupationaldefinitionsofsome13,000
racteristicsofOccupationsDefinedinthe
alTitles,andtheGuideforOccupational
blicationsareavailablefromtheU.S.
ce.
eHandbookwaspublishedin1944,
ntinoccupationalanalysismethodologyhave
ns.This,thefourthrevision,has beenused
onalAnalysisFieldCenterssince1984.Dur-
econtinuedtorefine theHandbookinorder
furtherrefineprocedurestofacilitateaccu-
ing,synthesis,interpretation,andreporting
on.Themethodologydocumentedherewas
ccupationalTitles,4thEdition(Revised)
smadeinvaluablecontributions,thelead
dCenterin NorthCarolinaisprimarilyre-
ndrefiningthiseditionof theHandbook
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ndItsUses 1-1
sofJobAnalysis2-1
b AnalysisComponents2-2
ent,andWorkAids2-3
ons3-1
kerFunctions3-2
ofWorkerFunctions3-2
4-1
orkFields4-1
rkFields4-3
4-4
ields4-7
-8
bjectMatter,andServices5-1
1
PSMS5-2
s,andExamplesofMPSMS5-5
SMS5-25
nique6-1
velopment7-1
efinitions7-1
nalDevelopment7-2
ofGEDLevels7-4
ndRecordingGEDRequirements7-13
paration8-1
alPreparation8-1
ofSVPLevels8-2
ndRecordingSVPRequirements8-10
udes9-2
formation,andExamplesofAptitudes9-3
oftheTemperamentFactors10-1
peraments10-5
lExploration11-1
OECodeandTitle11-1
psofGOEInterestAreas11-1
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ANDITSUSES
data usedbyindustry,governmentalandprivateagencies,andemployee
manresourceprograms.Thenatureoftherequiredjob informationvariesin
ingtoprogramneeds.Regardlessoftheultimateusefor whichitisintended,
eaccurate;inclusive,omittingnothingpertinenttotheprogram;andpresented
yanduse.Thetechniquesforobtainingandpresentingthis informationare
ymentService,jobanalysisinvolvesasystematicstudyof aspecific
odata,people,andthings(WorkerFunctions);
chniquesemployed(WorkFields);
pment,andworkaidsused(MTEWA);
ubjectmatter,orserviceswhichresult(MPSMS);and
contributetosuccessfuljobperformance(WorkerCharacteristics).
ngJobs(HAJ)isdevotedto anexplanationoftheproceduresandtech-
employmentservicetoanalyzejobsandrecordtheanalyses.Theseprocedures
eoccupationalinformationneedsofvarioushumanresourceprograms,and
alysisprogram,regardlessof theintendedutilizationofthedata.
upplyingoccupationalinformationneededforhumanresourcedevelop-
amsinthe publicemploymentservice,industry,andothernon-governmentes-
majorareasofuse are:
ent-Providingmeaningfulandcorrectjobdatafortherecruitmentand
rs-Determiningjobrelationshipsusefulin thetransferandpromotion
openingofjob opportunitiesattheentrylevel.Determiningactualphys-
suggestingjobadjustmentstofacilitateimprovedutilizationofworkers
cturingjobstomakebetteruse oftheavailableworkforce;andtoassist
esforpeoplewhoare lessthanfullyqualified,infacilitatingthe place-
-filljobs,andin providingtraineejobs.
urnishingtheVocationalCounselorwithanassessmentofthetasksand
fthe avocations,training,andexperiencesthatleadtothem,asabasis
ningneedsanddevelopingtrainingprograms.Thecontentofthe train-
toftimerequiredfor training,andthebasisforthe selectionoftrainees
onknowledgeofthejobs.
Providinganobjectivebasisfordevelopingperformancestandards.
rovingsafetythroughtheidentificationofjobhazards.
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LESOFJOBANALYSIS
"job"has differentmeaningsdependingonhow,when,orbywhom
s oftenusedinterchangeablywiththewords"occupation","position",
isconfusionandtoclarifyterms,the UnitedStatesEmploymentService
onsforthefollowingtermsforusein jobanalysis:
eststepintowhichitis practicaltosubdivideanyworkactivitywith-
otions,movements,andmentalprocessesinvolved.
ementsandis oneofthedistinctactivitiesthatconstitutelogical
performanceofworkbythe worker.Ataskiscreatedwhenever
mental,isexertedtoaccomplishaspecificpurpose.
ftasksconstitutingthetotalworkassignmentofasingle worker.
sas thereareworkersinthecountry.
swithinanestablishment'whichareidenticalwith respectto
sksandsufficientlyaliketo justifytheirbeingcoveredbya single
eormanypersons employedinthesamejob.
pof jobs,foundatmorethanone establishment,inwhichacommon
or arerelatedintermsof similarobjectives,methodologies,materi-
ons,orworkercharacteristics.
relativeconcepts;anactivitythatis anelementinonejob couldbea
uld beajobin andofitselffora thirdworker.Thefollowingexampleillus-
dmeatsandcheese"is anelementinthejob ofaShortOrderCook,a
chMaker,andthetotaljob ofaDeliCutter-Slicer.
RelativeConcepts
er,food
ntime
eseby
ese
eseby
ecessarytodeterminewherejobsbegin andwheretheyend.Theana-
zeagroupofpositions,determinethenumberof jobsexistingamongtheposi-
theexactnatureof thesejobs.
ey exist;therefore,eachcompletedJobAnalysisReport(JAR)must
tthe timeoftheanalysis,notas itshouldexist,notas ithasexistedin
tsin similarestablishments.
rprivateemployingunitthatproduces,provides,and/orsellsgoodsor servicesatasingle,physical
tmayrangeinsizefroma single,self-employedworkertothousandsofworkers.
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sisshouldrepresentadescriptionofonejob;no moreandnoless.Tasks
ivenworkerinaddition toregulardutiesshouldnotbe consideredpartof
gexamplesarethekinds ofsituationswhichtheanalystmayencounterin
pecificcycleorsequenceofoperations.Theanalystshouldbegin
keriscalledupontodo andconsidertheworkstepssuccessively.
memachineoperatingjobsmaybearrangedin thefollowingorder:
eratesmachine;(3)removesworkpieces;(4)maintainstools;and
arcycleof operations.Thissituationisusuallymoredifficultto
involvesaconsiderablevarietyoftasks.Therefore,theanalyst
ationaccordingtofunction.
uld(1)testand analyzerawmaterialsormanufacturedproductsfor
dards;(2)conductcontrolledexperimentsforpurposesofdevising
gproductionortestingandanalyzingrawmaterialsand products,
newuses,andof recoveringandutilizingby-products;and(3)super-
anufacturingprocessesandoperations,includingthemeasuringand
hecontrolof chemicalreactionsduringprocessing.
hangesfromonesetofduties toanother.Forexample,fourwork-
set ofdutieswhichinclude(1)weighingoutspecifiedamounts
ngtheweighedtobaccointoshapeboxesinwhichthe tobaccois
amashingmachine;(3)takingshapeboxesfrommashingmachine
pressedtobaccofromtheshapeboxes;and (4)cuttingthetobacco
incetheworkersfrequentlyrotatetorelievemonotony,theduties
teonejob,allphasesofwhichareperformedby alltheworkers.
ivenset ofdutiesalthoughinemergenciestheworkerperforms
s.Forexample,in anaircraftfactoryagroupofworkersare
builders,ribframebuilders,andspar builders.Theworkersareen-
mbly.Eachassemblesvariousmembersofaunitfuselage,wing,rib,
en temporarilysecurestheassemblywithscrews,bolts,ortack
orweldingoperations.Althoughthejobsareinterchangeableto
theworkersperformsthedutiesofany oneoftheothersin emergen-
theirrespectivejobsinregular productionwork.Situationssuchas
dseparatejobs.
EJOBANALYSISCOMPONENTS
quirethatcertaincategoriesofi nformationaboutjobsbecollected,ana-
stematicway.Themethodusedby theUSESrecognizestwomajorareas
erformedandWorkerCharacteristics.Thespecificcategoriesofinformation
alysiscomponents.Eachjobanalysiscomponenthasa specificnumberoffac-
bcomponents.Factorsareassignedtoagivenjobbased onanevaluationof
mentsofthejob.
ents
thosejobanalysiscomponentsthatrelatetotheactualworkactivities
ormationthatshouldbereflectedinthejob summaryandthebodyofa well-
eWorkPerformedcomponentsconsistof:
ysinwhichajobrequiresthe workertofunctioninrelationto
asexpressedbymental,interpersonal,andphysicalworkeractions.
hreeWorkerFunctionsthatbestcharacterizetheworker'sprimary
eople,andThings,andthepredominanceofeachfunctionisindicat-
deusefulinformationabouttheWorkPerformed.Thisjobanalysis
entifyingfunctionsandisdefinedanddiscussedinChapter3.
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upingsoftechnologiesandsocioeconomicobjectivesthatreflect
hatgets doneastheresultof theworkactivitiesofajob, orin
fthejob. Theysummarizeandclassifytheoverallobjectivesof
ofmaterials,fabricatingproducts,utilizingdata,andprovidingserv-
e definedanddiscussedinChapter4.
ectMatter,andServices(MPSMS):MPSMSinclude(a)basic
d,suchasfabric,metal,orwood;(b)finalproductsbeing made,such
;(c)data,whenbeingdealtwith orapplied,suchasin dramatics
sbeingrendered,suchas barberingordentistry.Chapter5contains
mponent.
omponents
cscomponentincludesjobanalysiscomponentswhichreflectworkerat-
successfuljobperformance.TheWorkerCharacteristicscomponentsconsistof:
elopment(GED):Educationofageneralnaturewhichcontributes
tandtotheacquisitionofmathematicalandlanguageskillsthatare
chieveaveragesatisfactoryjobperformance.GEDisestimatedon
for reasoning,mathematical,andlanguagedevelopmentandisdis-
ration(SVP):Vocationalpreparationthatinvolvesacquiringinfor-
iques,anddevelopingthefacilityforacceptableperformanceina
onofSVPinjob analysisisdiscussedinChapter8.
bilitiesrequiredofanindividualin ordertofacilitatethelearning
The11Aptitudesincludedinthis componentaredefinedanddis-
tyrequirementsmadeontheworkerbythe job-workersituation.
of11factors,whicharedefinedanddiscussedin Chapter10.
ngorpreferenceforan activity.The12Interestfactorsused
sareexplainedinChapter11.
vironmentalConditions:PhysicalDemandsaredefinedasthe
deontheworkerbythespecificjob-workersituation.Environmental
dingsinwhicha jobisperformed.Thiscomponentisdefinedand
eanalysishasbeendevisedtohelp theanalystexpressajob-workersitua-
orm.Useofthis techniquemakesiteasierforananalystto collectcomplete
orrectratingsforthe ratableWorkPerformedcomponents(WorkerFunctions,
andtowritethe jobsummarysectionofthejobdescription.Application
chniqueinjobanalysisis discussedinChapter6.
MENT,ANDWORKAIDS
ent,andWorkAids(MTEWA)areinstrumentsanddevicesusedtocarry
definedas follows:
chareacombinationofmechanicalpartswiththeframeworkandfas-
nectthem,andare designedtoapplyaforcetodo workonormove
a.Amachinemaybe activatedbyhandorfootpowerapplied
oroutsidepowersources,suchas electricity,steam,orcompressed
esses,drill presses,castingmachines,forgingmachines,conveyors,
utomobiles.
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entswhicharemanipulatedbyhandtodo workonormovemateri-
handtools,plusthosemanipulatedbytheworkerandactivatedby
chaselectricityorcompressedair.Examplesarepneumaticham-
nt-sprayguns,electric-poweredscrewdrivers,andelectriccutters.
hgeneratepower,communicatesignals,orhaveaneffectuponma-
oflight,heat,electricity,steam,chemicals,oratmosphericpressure.
forges,cameras,andpower-generatingdevices.Alsoincludedin
essingdevices,suchasPBXswitchboards,radiotransmitters,amme-
ms.
temswhichcannotbeconsideredasmachines,tools,orequip-
ryforcarryingoutthe work.Includedare(1)supportivedevices,
ps,vises,oranvils;(2) specialmeasuring,hand-manipulateddevices,
pers,gauges,rules,squares,andtapes;(3)graphicinstructions,such
aps,charts,wiringdiagrams,manuals,andformalizedjobinstruc-
nthe processingorfabricationofmaterialsandproducts,suchas
usicalinstruments.
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hethreecomponentsofWorkPerformed,areactivitieswhichidentify
ta,people,andthings.Thefollowing24WorkerFunctionsareused injob
elationships.
ping
onsSpeaking-Signaling,TakingInstructions-Helping,Operating-
ating,andFeeding-OffBearingaresinglefunctions.
p,Operating-Controlling,Tending,andFeeding-OffBearinginclude
orkeris partofthesetupof themachine,astheholderandguider
dTending,Operating-ControllingandDriving-Controlling,andSetting
vingmachinesandequipmentofHandling,Manipulating,and
tively.
spartofthe machinefunctionbyreasonofholdingandguidingthe
WorkerFunctionshouldbeinterpretedasmachine-related.Inthese
Up,Operating-Controlling,Tending,orFeeding-OffBearing.
vedprimarilywithnon-machineactivities,butalsohasaminor
theappropriatenon-machineThingsWorkerFunctionshouldbe
pictsabroadactionwhichsummarizeswhattheworkerdoesinrelation
s.Theselectionofthree WorkerFunctions,whichrepresentthemostcharac-
psinthejobto Data,People,andThings,respectively,providesadeviceto
ejob.WorkerFunctioncodenumbersare alsoreflectedinDOTdefinition
eedigitsofa 9-digitcode.
UNCTIONS
twithineachofthethreerelationships(Data,People,Things)is structured
ressionfromthel esscomplextothemorecomplex,thereareinstanceswhere
arelimited.
ngementofdifferentkindsofactivitiesinvolvinginformation,knowledge,
adinscopeandothers arenarrow.Thereisconsiderableoverlapincomplexity
mputingandCopyingaremorespecializedtypesoffunctionalactivitiesthan
activitiesthathavelittleor nohierarchicalarrangement.Beyondthegen-
ructions-HelpingisusuallytheleastcomplexPeopleFunction,theremaining
corderdenotinglevels.
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videdintorelationshipsbaseduponthe worker'sinvolvementwitheither
(machine-related)orwithtools andworkaids(non-machinerelated).[Forclari-
EquipmentandWorkAids(MTEWA)aredefinedinChapter2,Conceptsand
Asshowninthe followingchart,ThingsFunctionsalsorepresentlevelsof
orker'sdecisionsorjudgments.
THINGSWORKERFUNCTIONS
t
gment
WORKERFUNCTIONS
WorkerFunctionsandthe examplesthatfolloweachdefinition,and
tivitiesofthejob studied.SelecttheData,People,andThingsWorkerFunc-
ethejob.TheWorkerFunctionsselectedshouldreflectthe Data,People,and
complishtheoverallpurposeofthe jobandtheimportantworkeractivities
nedthatbestcharacterizesthejobis notnecessarilytheFunctionwhich
resentinthe job.Insomecases,theamountof timespentinanactivity
cularWorkerFunctionismostcharacteristic.Inothercases,thecontribution
letionoftheoverallpurposeofthejob,rather thanthefrequencyoftheactivi-
tionofa WorkerFunction.Inshort,theanalystmustdifferentiatetheinciden-
activities.
priateThingsWorkerFunction,considerthefollowing:(1)determinethe
ofcomplexityoftheworker'srelationshiptoThingsbased onthedegreeof
ctedinthepreviouschart;then(2) decidewhethertheworkerrelatestoseveral
sometimesareoneoftheitems,or whetherthesituationisa specialcasein
rnedalmostexclusivelywithoneormoremachinesorpiecesof equipment.
estappropriateleveloftheworker'srelationshipto Data,People,and
theFunctionsisrelativelythemostimportant.Enterin Item8ofthe JAR
eachspaceprovided.Circlethe"Data","People",and"Things"caption(s)
hip(s)bestexemplifythejob.
LESOFWORKERFUNCTIONS
edge,andconceptionsrelatedtodata,people,orthingsobtainedby
n,interpretation,visualization,andmentalcreation.Dataareintangibleand
ymbols,ideas,concepts,andoralverbalization.
ganalysesofdatatodiscoverfactsor developknowledgeconceptsorin-
morouscartoonsbasedonpersonalinterpretationsofcurrentnewsevents.
ofliterary,musical,orartisticworksand performancesforbroadcastand
ndconductsrehearsalsforstagepresentation.
esandexperimentaldesignstoinvestigateproblemsofgrowth,intelligence,
sensoryprocesses.
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hearsalsandperformancestoachievedesiredeffects,suchastonaland har-
s,rhythms,tempos,andshadings.
iscovernewusesforchemicalbyproducts,anddevisesnewproceduresfor
unds.
ositions,usingknowledgeofharmonic,rhythmic,melodic,andtonalstruc-
musictheory.
oliciesofnewspaperandoriginatesplansforspecialfeaturesor projects.
micpartsby speechorgesturetoportrayrole intheatricalproduction.
originaldancesforballet,musical,orrevueto beperformedforstage,televi-
pictureproduction.
ngtime,place,orsequenceofoperationsoractivitiesonthebasis of
gdeterminationsorreportingonevents.
rdinatesactivitiesofdesignatedprojecttoensurethataims,goals,or objec-
accordancewithprescribedpriorities,timelimitations,andfundingcon-
activitiesof radioortelevisionstudioandcontrolroompersonnelto ensure
esandsoundforprogramsoriginatingin studioorfromremotepickup
ntofairtrafficbetweenaltitudesectorsandcontrolcenterstoprovidemaxi-
yforaircraft.
controllingof oilthroughpipelinesfromwellsandstorage tankstodeliv-
ithdeliveryobligationsanddeadlines.
paigntopromotesaleofmerchandise.
ollectionroutesanddirectsassignmentofpersonneland equipmentinthe
nitationdepartment.
dfrequencyofbusestravelingoverestablishedcityroutesto meetthetrans-
.
ublicandprivatehousingprojectsto relocateresidentsinaccordancewith
cilities,andservices.
lant activities,suchaspasteurizing,separating,evaporating,drying,cool-
ocessingofmilkproducts.
devaluatingdata.Presentingalternativeactionsinrelationtotheevalua-
erecordsandtastesfoodandbeveragesamplestodeterminesales appeal
ervingmeals andbeveragesinfoodestablishments.
oengineto diagnosecausesofenginemalfunction.
applicationsanddetermineseligibilitybasedonneedand academicstand-
eatherdataandplotsanticipatedweatherdevelopmentsonmapsandcharts.
sscoutingreportsinpreparingdefensiveplansforfootballteam.
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estakenfromoutcrops,floats,andstreamchannelsforpreliminaryquantita-
ontent.
atescustomers'billcomplaintsforelectricorgas-powerservice.
operationofmachineryorequipmentin plantandevaluatesdeviationsfrom
esolveproblems.
cationplanttocontrolchemicalprocesseswhichsoftenwaterormake
t,suchaspaintings,sculpture,andantiques,to determinetheirauthenticity
ollating,orclassifyinginformationaboutdata,people,orthings.Report-
cribedactioninrelationtotheinformationis frequentlyinvolved.
gmachine,observingoperationofmachineasworkprogressesand making
owrittenspecifications.
tdataandsubmitsdata toDispatcherforapprovalandflightauthorization.
drecordsforestdata,suchasrainfall,streamflow,andsoil moisture,tode-
transactionsinseparateledgersandtransfersdata togeneralledgertomain-
nsactionsofanestablishment.
lightarrivalanddeparturetimes atspecifiedpointstoconstructflightsched-
omplaintsfrompublicconcerningcrimesorotheremergencies,recordscom-
uture processing.
als,suchasbooks,films,andperiodicals,accordingtosubjectmatter.
shoes,boots,overshoes,andslippers,indepartmentstore.
gmachinesforotherworkersaccordingtoproductspecificationsandpre-
ods,suchastacosandfishand chips,accordingtorecipeusingspecificmeth-
ookery.
ticalandophthalmiclensesatvariousstagesofproductionto determinelenses
,accordingtoworkorderandprescriptionspecifications,usingprecision
arithmeticoperationsandreportingonorcarryingouta prescribedaction
ot includecounting.
omers'laundrybypricingeachitemon customers'lists,usingaddingma-
ne.
dprincipalpaymentsonmortgageloans,usingcalculatingmachine.
repaircostestimatesforhosieryand gloves.
sofminersfromproductionrecords.
rovesdailytransactionsincar-rentalestablishment.
eforpaymentreceivedforfoodbill,casheschecks,andissuesreceiptsor
ssengerchargespayabletoparticipatingcarriers,usingratetableand calcu-
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elephonechargeaccordingtotimeconsumed,typeofcall,and mileagezone
omerofwaterconditionerbasedonfrequencyofserviceandsize ofunit
ntering,orpostingdata.
manifest,suchasnameof shipper,tonnage,anddestination,frombillsof
ration.
gs,suchasoil,steam,temperature,andpressure,oncompanyoperatingchart.
ctionrecordsintocomputersystemterminal.
plicantson permanentofficerecordform.
sfrommailinglisttoenvelopes,cards,advertisingliterature,packages,and
engthofhidesfrom tagonbundle.
stencils,forms,orotherstraightcopymaterialfrom correctedroughdraft.
y,material,andpartnumberfromworkticketontoproductionreport.
nddraftsto clearing-housesettlementsheets.
adingandamountofgasandoil usedduringrefuelinginvehiclelogbook.
eadilyobservablefunctional,structural,orcompositionalcharacteristics
gentfromobviousstandards)of data,people,orthings.
tcarstoascertainthat materialsandgoods,suchasautomobiles,lumber,
s,aresecurelybracedandblockedaccordingtoloadingspecifications.
phonechargeticketsforsuchbilling informationasdestinationoftelegraph
telephonenumbertowhichchargesaremade.
ncomingarticleswithactualnumbersandweightsofarticles.
yaccordingtosizeand physicalappearance.
ucts,suchasbrick,roofingtile, andsewerpipe,accordingtoform,color,
cs.
gnatedlogstodeterminethatmoisturecontentof logsiswithinlimits spec-
ainersoronconveyortoensure thatitis formed,coated,cupped,wrapped,
ntstandards.
acesofautomobiletodetectscratches,blemishes,andthinspots.
ccordingtocolor,size, andstylespecified.
omobilesatendofautomaticcarwashlinetoensurecompletenessofwash
lsoanimalsdealtwithonanindividualbasis asiftheywerehuman.
ndividualsinterms oftheirtotalpersonalityinorder toadvise,counsel,
o problemsthatmayberesolvedbylegal,scientific,clinical,spiritual,
ples.
debtto providefinancialinformationandadviceconcerningresolutionof
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
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esparents,teachers,andchildreninorder todevelopplansforovercoming
rscholasticproblemsinchildren.
lmatters.
vidualsandfamiliesrequiringassistanceof socialserviceagency.
individualswithmentalandemotionaldisorders.
thvocationalandeducationalplanningservicesbasedonappraisaloftheir
eraments,andotherpersonalityfactors.
smentalandemotionaldisordersofindividuals,andadministersprograms
sinmakingacademic,social,andenvironmentaladjustmentstocampusand
moralguidanceandassistancetocongregationmembers.
diseasesanddisordersof animals.
gideas,information,andopinionswithotherstoformulatepoliciesand
tdecisions,conclusions,orsolutions.
rtyownersandpublicofficialstosecurepurchaseor leaseoflandandright-
elines,andotherconstructionprojects.
andrepresentativesofoil-producingfirmsinattempttocompleteagreements.
droyaltycontractscoveringoilexploration,drilling,andproductionac-
s.
ofvariousorganizationsineachlocalityto rentpremisesforcircus,toar-
blicityandpromotionalmaterials,andto hiremusiciansforcircusband.
ettle labordisputes.Conferswithunionmembersandpreparescasesfor
employerstonegotiateorarbitrate.
ipperstoagreeupon reciprocalfreight-handlingcontract.
lsandotherinstitutionalagenciesforstudentsto obtainclinicalexperience
tivesofentertainmentattractions,suchastroupes,performers,ormotionpic-
etermsof contractandfeestobepaidfor engagementinestablishments,
rs,ordancehalls.
storaiseor purchasefruitorvegetablecrops.
sofwelfareboardtoplan activitiesandexpenditures.
committeeandheadsofproduction,advertising,andcirculationdepartments
ditorialandoperatingproceduresandnegotiatedecisionsaffectingpubli-
bjectmattertoothers,ortrainingothers (includinganimals)throughex-
,andsupervisedpractice;ormakingrecommendationsonthebasisof
techniquesofindustrialnursing.Conductsclassesinfirstaidand home
trumentalorvocalmusicforindividualsor groupsinpublicorprivate
licerecruitsin policescienceinvestigativemethodsandtechniques,govern-
e,proficiencyinfirearms,self-defense,andcareoffirearms.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
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chaslions, tigers,bears,andelephants,toperformtricksforentertainment
erexhibitions.
ubjectsin collegeoruniversityclassroom.
ygroundsandschoolsinfundamentalsandrulesof competitivesports.Dem-
meanddrillsplayersin fundamentalsuntiltheyarefamiliarwithall
es,andusesaudiovisualteachingaidstopresentsubjectmattertoclass.
ratesjobfundamentalstoflightattendantsofpassengerairline.
ntingdecorationsonplates,bowls,saucers,andotherdinnerware.
gorinterpretingworkproceduresforagroup ofworkers,assigningspe-
ainingharmoniousrelationsamongthem,andpromotingefficiency.A
sinvolvedinthis function.(NOTE:Theactivitiesmayincludetraining
ers'performance;assistingworkersinsolvingworkproblems;initiating
nnelactions,suchashiring,Firing,promoting,transferring,anddisciplin-
egulations;andmaintainingordirectingmaintenanceofproductionand
rsonneltostationor patrols.Interpretssecurityrulesandsupervisessubor-
s.Reportsirregularitiesand hazardstoappropriatepersonnel.Selects
nsuresthatsafetystandardsaremaintained.
natesactivitiesofworkersengagedinloadingships'cargoes.Studiesbills
uenceofloadingoperations,calculatesnumberofhoursandpersonnel
stoworkers.Overseesworkerstoensurecargois loadedinproperse-
orderstonewspaperworkersengagedingathering,writing,andpublishing
ports, society,music,ordrama.
rkersengagedindistributingmaterialsto otherworkersandkeepingrecords
mpleted.
therequipmentandordersship's crewtorepairorreplacedefectiveparts.
sand examinestypedmaterialforaccuracy,neatness,andconformanceto
ivesinstructionstocrewoffishing vessel,andassignscrewtowatches
ngoperations,usingknowledgeoffishinggroundsandworkload capac-
eduresforworkersengagedinloadingandunloadingkiln todrygreenhops.
rto determinedistributionfordrying,andgivesinstructionstoworkers
aybepiledinkiln bayandkilntemperatureandairvolumeto bemain-
edinmaintaininggroundsandturfon golfcourse.Determinesworkpriority
ks,suchas fertilizing,seeding,mowing,raking,andspraying.Observes
onstratesmoreefficientworkmethods.
ospecificduties.Inspectsworkinprogressto determineconformancetospec-
orkers.
rs,usuallythroughthemediumofstage,screen,television,orradio.
cproductiontoentertainaudience.
church,orfolkmusicinmusicalprograms.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
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odern,oracrobaticdancesalone,withpartner,oringroupsto entertainaudi-
ceinsubjects,occasionallyusingmembersofaudienceassubjects,andcom-
tstoperformspecificactivities.
rthatvoiceappearsto comefromsourceotherthanownvocalchords,such
ppet.
mstunts andaerialacrobaticsatfairsandcarnivals.
rackin competitionwithotherdrivers.
pectacularfeats,suchasleaping,tumbling,andbalancing,aloneoras
ausduringChristmasseason.
stocktricksofillusionand sleightofhandtomystifyaudience,usingprops
es.Frequentlyusesmembersofaudienceinact.
othersinfavorofa product,service,orpointofview.
rialpsychologyfirmstomanagementofficials.
icitrepairbusinessandtosell newmilkingequipment.Demonstratesmilk-
on,askingforbids,attemptingto stimulatebuyingdesireofbiddersand
der.
surancebypointingoutcompanyprogramsthatmeetclients'insurance
orclubortrade association.Visitsorcontactsprospectivememberstoex-
embershipandto describeorganizationandobjectiveofcluborasso-
ndfirmsbytelephoneandin persontosolicitfundsforcharitableorganiza-
tocustomerafterpointingoutsalable featuresofmerchandise.
osuggestmerchandisingadvantagesofcompany'stradingstampplan.
ls ethicaldrugsandotherpharmaceuticalproductstodoctors,dentists,hos-
saledrugestablishments.
diseorcommoditiesforresale.
kingwithandsignalingpeopletoconveyorexchangeinformation.In-
sanddirectionstohelpersorassistants.
nsurethatimplementationandprescribedactivitiesarecarriedoutin accord-
ives.
esthroughsubordinatesupervisorypersonnelactivitiesofproduction
ngmaterialsormanufacturingproductsinindustrialestablishment.
ningwithflagwhenconstructionworkobstructsnormaltrafficroute.
atorverbaldirectionsinplacingofitemson stageorset.
yactivities,facilities,rules,andservices.
byword,mannerism,hand,orothercharacteristicsignal.
ntsinemploymentagency.
mpassengersconcerningtrainroutes,stations,andtimetableinformation.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
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rningsize,value,andhistoryofestablishment;pointsoutfeaturesof interest;
npeculiartoestablishment.
ogiveinformationaboutcompany'sspecialservicestopotentialcustomers.
lsto operatorsofhoistingequipmentengagedinraisingor loweringloads
gmaterials.
fishinglawsto sportinggroups.
needsor requestsofpeopleoranimalsor theexpressedorimplicitwish-
sponseisinvolved.
stsambulancedriveroncalls.Assistsinliftingpatientonto wheeledcart
outofambulance.Rendersfirstaid,suchasbandaging,splinting,and
sonalservicesconducivetosafetyandcomfortofairlinepassengersduring
dgolf courseforplayers,handingclubstoplayersasrequested.
capped,orconvalescentpeople.Actsasaideorfriendby attendingto
ness,orsocialneeds.
arelandcheckspersonaleffectsforperformersandotherpersonnelwhen
alsinzoo.
olicandnonalcoholicdrinkstopatronsofbar, followingstandardrecipes.
olrubsto hospitalpatients.
otwearforcustomers.
orooms,assiststhem withluggage,andoffersinformationpertainingto
litiesofhotel.
ping:Attendingtotheworkassignmentinstructionsorordersofsupervi-
serequiredunlessclarificationofinstructionsorordersis needed.)Help-
g"helpers.
hoist,andstackcartonsof materialsinwarehouse,followingoralinstruc-
tenworkorders.
tridgestodetermineconformitytocompanyspecifications,referringtotest
gingorboxing,followingguidemarkson tableorusingfoldingboard.
sactionsinledgersoraccountsbookstomaintainestablishmentrecords.
ndpacksmountedorunmountednegatives,colorfilmtransparencies,and
soningsandotheringredientsto preparespicemixesaccordingtoformula.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
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sasdistinguishedfromhumanbeings;substancesormaterials;andmachines,
ds,andproducts.Athingistangibleand hasshape,form,andotherphysical
chines(orequipment)foroperationby planningorderofsuccessivema-
gandadjustingtoolsandothermachinecomponents,adjustingtheposi-
al,settingcontrols,andverifyingaccuracyofmachinefunctionsand
knowledgeofmachinecapabilities,propertiesofmaterials,andshop
pment,andworkaids,suchasprecisiongaugesandmeasuringinstru-
poneor anumberofmachinesforotherworkersor whosetupand
tyofmachinesareincludedhere.
securescuttersintoolhead,inspindle,or onarborofgearcuttingmachines,
bers,andgenerators.Setsfeedrates androtationspeedsofcuttersand
chotherbyselectingand mountinggears,cams,ortemplatesorby
trolstosetcuttingspeedsanddepth ofstrokeandcutforreciprocating
sand workpieces.
olin spindle,usingwrenches.Positionsworkpieceinfixtureoronmachine
psandwrenches,andverifiespositionswithinstruments,suchas sur-
ators.Selectsfeedrate,honingtoolrotationspeed,and depthofcut
fmetalpropertiesandabrasives.Movescontrolstopositiontoolin rela-
t feedrateandspindlespeed.Positionsandtightensstops, using
ofhoningtoolstroke.Startsmachineand rumshandwheelstofeedtool
rst-runworkpieceforconformancetospecifications,usingmicrometers
aligns,andsecureselectrodes,jigs,holdingfixtures,guides,andstops on
azingmachines.
onsintodie-castingmachinesthatcastparts,suchas automobiletrim,car-
orparts,fromnonferrousmetals.Securesdiesectionsinposition andad-
ectswaterhosestocoolingsystemof die.Preheatsdiesections.Turns
gulateflowofwatercirculatingthroughdies.Startsmachinetoproduce
nescastingtoverifysetup.
djustssawblades,cutterheads,boringbits, andsandingbeltsinvarietyof
singhandtoolsandrules.Operatesmachinestosaw,smooth,shape,bore,
parts.Periodicallyverifiesdimensionsofparts foradherencetospecifi-
templates.
eddiesto ramandanvilofpressesand hammers.Installsimpressionand
nizingcamsonupsettingmachines.Setsandboltsroll diesintoself-
rollshaftsofforgingrolls. Alignsandboltspositioningfixturesand
knobs tosynchronizeconveyorspeedwithforging-machiningaction
ce.Startsmachineandinspectsworktoverifyconformanceofdiesetup
bodymembersand/ortoolsorworkaids towork,move,guide,or
nsituationswhereultimateresponsibilityforthe attainmentofstandards
propriatetools,objects,ormaterials,andtheadjustmentofthe toolto
ablejudgment.
productionmachineryinaccordancewithblueprints,diagrams,operation
rer'sspecifications,usinghandtools,powertools,andprecision-measuring
ts onmetal,usingscribeandhandtools.
erencelinesandmarkslocationofholesto bedrilled,usingscribe.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
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gnsfortextileclothpatternson graphpaper,usingwatercolors,brushes,
ments,andornamentsfromstone,concrete,andwood,usingchisels,ham-
chinecomponentsaccordingtoassemblyblueprints,manuals,engineering
ndknowledgeofmachineconstructionprocedures,usinghandtoolsand
forprecisionfit,using metalworkingmachines.
andfinisheswood,plastics,plexiglass,andhardboardpartsofdisplays,
scaledrawingsforuseby buildingcontractorsandcraftworkers.
alfunctions,usingtestlights,ohmmeter,voltmeters,circuitsimulators,and
shair,using clippers,comb,andscissors.
dcutscarpetingandlinoleumwithknifetoget maximumnumberofusable
olls,followingfloordimensionsanddiagrams.
productionofmetalcastings,using handtools,powertools,patterns,and
edgeofvariables,suchasmetalcharacteristics,moldingsand,contours
ocedures.
Starting,stopping,controlling,andadjustingtheprogressof machinesor
chinesinvolvessettingupand adjustingthemachineormaterial(s)as
rollinginvolvesobservinggauges,dials,etc.andturningvalvesand
actorssuchastemperature,pressure,flowofliquids,speedof pumps,
.
sioncamera,observesscenesthroughcameramonitor,adjustslenstomain-
ovesleversto alterangleordistanceofshot tophotographscenes
mericinputdataon keyboardofcomputerterminalfromsourcedocuments.
,presseskeyto obtainprintoutorvideodisplayofdata,and backspaces
aterial,usingkeyboard,tocorrecterrors.Pressescodekeyto transmit
onelinestocomputer.
espeedof turntableoftaperecordermachines.Turnsknobsoncuttingarms
stylus.Movesswitchestoopenmicrophoneandtunein liveorrecord-
orizontallyonbarrelrestof barrel-lathemachine.Clampsbarrelbetween
machineandholdsbarrelplane againstsurfaceofrevolvingbarrel
lengthtoscrapeandsmoothit.
dtubecomponentsinchuckor tailstockoflathesanddepressespedalsof
atlockpartsinlathes.Starts lathes,lightsgas-torchheatingelements,
eflames.Turnshandwheelsorpushes leverstocontrolheatingofspeci-
of floor-mountedsewingmachines.Drawsthreadthroughmachineguides,
nsertsbobbinsintoshuttlesand drawsthreadthroughslotsinshuttle
ghguidesand loopereyes.Presseskneelevers,depressespedals,or
presserfoot orspreadfeedcups.Positionspartsto bejoinedandlowers
andcontrolsspeedofmachineswithpedalsor kneeleversandguides
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
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tralcontrolpanelofswitchboardtoregulateconverters.Observesdemand
rdinginstrumentsandmovescontrolstoensureefficientpowerutilization,
maintenanceofpowerdistribution.Monitorsgauges,alarms,and
dpreventdamagetoequipmentanddisruptionofpower.
servesgauges,andadjustscontrolsto maintainspecifiedtemperaturefor
or afterwashing,milling,orpelletizingoperations.
ssureofgasfrom mainstofuelfeedlines ofgas-firedboilers,furnaces,
rs,andrelatedsteam-generatingorheatingequipment.Opensvalveon
ategasfor fuelandclosesvalvestoreducegaspressure.Observes,
ndpressuregaugereadingson gasmainsandfuelfeedlines.
ing,stopping,andcontrollingtheactionsofmachinesorequipmentfor
eredor whichmustbeguidedtocontrolthe movementofthingsor
oses.Involvessuchactivitiesas observinggaugesanddials,estimating
gspeedanddirectionofotherobjects,turningcranksandwheels,and
orlevers.Includessuchmachinesascranes,conveyorsystems,trac-
achines,pavingmachines,andhoistingmachines.Excludesmanually
ashandtrucksanddollies,andpower-assistedmachines,suchaselectric
ucks.
rseindicatedbyelectronicequipment,suchasradioand landradar,totrans-
ocationsforcatchingfishand othermarinelife.
slevers tomove,controlspeed,andstopcraneboom,andraiseor lower
djustscontrolstomoveandpositionload bysightorat directionof
pteroveragriculturalfieldsat lowaltitudestodustor sprayfieldswith
des.
rakes,andothercontrolsto transportpassengersorfreightonelectric,die-
-turbine-electriclocomotive.Interpretstrainorders,blockorsemaphore
ndregulations.
suchasgraders,plows,androllers,totractorwithhitchpins.Releasesbrake,
sacceleratorormovesthrottletocontrolforwardand backwardmove-
actorbyturningsteeringwheeland depressingbrakepedals.
alsto movemachine;tolowerandpositiondipperintomaterial;andto lift,
sofdipperintotruck,car,or ontoconveyororstockpile.
ables,orotherdevicestocontrolmovementofelevator.Opensandcloses
vatorof eachfloorwherestopismade.
ndstopsrailroadorminecars byswitching,applyingbrakes,placingsprags
kes,orplacingwoodenwedgesbetweenwheelandrail.Positionscars
sertingpinchbar undercarwheels,usingbarasfulcrumand leverto
mbraketoeasecardownincline.
earmoredcarto delivermoneyandvaluablestobusinessestablishments.
-mountedtrackmobiletospotrailroadcarsonramp abovechipstoragebins
sbottomdoorsofcarsallowingchips tofallintobin.
randmovescontrolstoactivaterotarybrushesand spraysothatsweeping
rashfrom pavedstreetanddepositsitin rearofmachine.
ymembers,tools,orspecialdevicestowork,move,guide,orplaceob-
ssomelatitudeforjudgmentwithregard toprecisionattainedandselect-
ct,ormaterialalthoughthisis readilymanifest.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
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ntsaftercleaningbyshrinkingorstretchinggarmentsby handtoconform
.
es,surfaces,andimpressedorraiseddesigns ofjewelryarticlesandjewelry
s,andsaws.
dsmachine-shapedgunstockstoremoveexcesswoodandimpartfinished
ingfiles,sandpaper,andemerycloth.
powered,portablegrinderagainstsurfaceof stationaryworkpiecetoremove
aterial,andburrs.Changesdiskstooneswithprogressivelyfinerabrasives
nworkpiece.
material,suchas fabricorleather,betweenslitsinshoe uppertoweave
ngtospecifications.
ndnozzleto regulatewidthandpressureofspray,pulls trigger,anddirects
applyprimeor finishcoataccordingtoknowledgeofpaintingtech-
gironalongseamofmetalplatesto heatplatestobondingtemperatureand
erin seamtosolderjoint.
rockor vataccordingtoformula,usingpaddle,andtestsconsistencyof
hathavebeenopenedinuse,orunopenedonesthat aretoberepackedin
ildings,installssupports,andcutsor drillsholesinwalls andpartitions
extended,usingwrenches,pliers,screwdrivers,saws,anddrills.
ng,andobservingthefunctioningofmachinesandequipment.Involves
trolsofthemachine,suchas changingguides,adjustingtimersandtem-
valvestoallowflowofmaterials,andflipping switchesinresponseto
volvedinmakingthese adjustments.
coringdisksonmachineshaft,turns handwheeltoadjustpressureondisks,
ksintomachinehopper.
ateamountofcoal,pushes air-blowercontrolsthatblowcoalintofurnaces,
ndfeedof coal.
and movesleveronpackagingmachine.Observesoperationtodetectmal-
changescuttingdies,setsguides,andclearsawaydamagedproductsor
hoe lastagainstrevolvingsandingwheeltoremovespecifiedamountof
faceoflast whileretainingoriginalcontours.Verifiescontoursofsand-
lvesto regulatefuelsupplytoasphalt-heater.Screwshoseconnections
atingsystemandusespumpto circulateasphaltthroughheatingunit.
ugeandadjustsbloweranddampercontrolstoregulateheatandmaintain
ulatesstrokeofpaper pusheronmachinethatassemblespagesofprinted
ence.Placespagestobeassembledinholdingtray.Turns controls
andremovesassembledpagesfrommachine.
rt,stop,and controlspeedofyamwindingmachine.Observesyamtodetect
dends,cuts outslubs,usingscissors,andties brokenyamends.
of machine,turnshandgaugestoregulatetravelofflatteningram,and
atcompressesspringunderspecifiedpressure.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
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machinebed.Positionspremarkedarticleovertackon bedandpositions
ckandundermachineram.Depressespedalthat lowersramtojoinbut-
ntofireboxof boiler,turnsvalvestoregulateflowof gas,oil,orpulverized
controlstoregulatefeedingspeedof automaticstoker.Readsgauges
ntainspecifiedsteampressure,temperature,andwaterlevelinboiler.
erting,throwing,dumping,orplacingmaterialsinorremovingthem
entwhichareautomaticortendedoroperatedby otherworkers.
ockinto rollsofcalenderingmachinetomaintaincontinuoussupply.
nksintoautomaticburr-grindingmachines.Catchesejectedblanksand
o polishing.
ottlesfromconveyorandstacksthemonpallet.
ecifieddrymaterialsinto feederhopperofcrutcherequipmentwhichforms
oap.
cifiedpositionsonhooksofoverheadconveyorthatpassesthroughpainting
dpartsfromhooks.
at carriesthemintomachinethatremovesearth,straw,andotherresidue
ipment.Removescleanedeggsandpacksthemin cases.
conveyorofglasssilvering machineorautomaticwashinganddryingma-
edorcleanedmirrorfromconveyor.
oontoscreensofcleaningmachine,picksoutstemsanddirt fromtobacco,
romreceptacleunderscreenintocontainers.
ss pipettesfromconveyorandpacksthemintoboxes.
berintohopperof extractorthatremovesliquidbyforcingcottonthrough
tsintowashingmachine,extractor,andtumbler,andremovesgarmentsat
cle.
apercupsaccumulatingatcollectionrackatendofpneumatictubeleading
ngmachineandpackscupsintocardboardtubes.
mbers,handtools,orspecialdevicestowork,move,orcarryobjects
orno latitudeforjudgmentwithregardtoattainmentof standards
tool,object,ormaterials.
dtrucktomovemetalmoldsof pipemakingconcretefromformingareato
oholes inendsoflogspreparatoryto skidding.
ofreshpasturesduringdayand backtocorralatnight.
habeticalornumericalorderoraccordingtosubjectmatter andremoves
nrequest.
rush,cactus,mesquite,orothergrowthfromlandso landcanbeusedas
forproposedconstructionproject.
emicalplantandwritesor stencilsidentifyinginformationoncontainers.
containers,orscrewsbungsin place.Cleansstillsandotherequipment,
ilroadcarsortrucks.
containinginstructionstoworkers.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
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stshallsand corridors.
excessmoisturefrom land,usingpickandshovel.
sfrompersonsontocardsforpurposesof identification.
es,usingknife.
spreparatorytosewingcuffstosleevesof garments.
ortarfrombricks,usinghammer.
ta,usingpen.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
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efoundthefollowingstepstobehelpfulin assigningWorkFields.
ersituationtodeterminethe method(s)specifictotheaccomplishmentof
shasbeenpointedout inthissection,manyverbsareused tosigni-
relatetoquitedifferentobjectives.Thusitis essentialtocheckthe
gainst thedefinitionoftheWorkFieldwhichis supposedtoinclude
verbsaccompanyingeachWorkFielddefinitionis bynomeansex-
ossible thattheanalystwilluse others.However,makecertainthat
lvalueinaparticularcontextandarenot simplyexplanatoryorreflec-
hejob.Theanalystmustalwayskeepin mindthatWorkFields
he intermediateobjectivesreflectedinindividualworkelementstate-
job.Thetotalofall theintermediateobjectivescontainedinthe
dleadtoan understandingoftheassignedWorkField(s).
dthat mostadequatelyencompassesthespecificmethodologyofthejob-
hitispossibleto selectmorethanoneWorkFieldforalmost any
nearlyalljob-workersituationsinvolvingThingsrequireMaterial
everelseis done),thiswillnotbe necessaryiftheprimaryWork
ehensive.However,therewillbeinstanceswhereitisnecessaryto
kField.Whena combinationWorkFieldbestreflectstheoverall
cWorkFieldsencompassedbytheCombinationWorkFieldare
ftheJARthecodenumber(s)and title(s)oftheWorkField(s)selected
ofthedata.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
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FWORKFIELDS
ing
ting
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ng
Fabricating-Installing
-oundationBuilding
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tting-BeamCutting
l
g-Testing
ng-Installing-Repairing*
ng
rthBoring
-Recordkeeping
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # p d - g o o g l e
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AION
organizedintothe followinggroupsonthebasisof similartechnologies.
helpfulinensuringthe applicabilityoftheWorkField(s)selectedforthejob
ring
ndation
g-Beam
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # p d - g o o g l e
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talling-
ating-ln-
stalling
g
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # p d - g o o g l e
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Keeping
ordKee-
hing
g,shipping,requisitioning,
ofmaterials.
gverbalandnumerical
ting,evaluating,andexecut-
eofactivitiesoroperations
meric,andsymbolicdataor
sofcomputersystems.
ingdiagramsandotherdi-
onforuseindesignand pro-
nstructingmachinery,struc-
undamentalareasofknowl-
andexhaustiveinvestigation
epictingone'sownideasin P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # p d - g o o g l e
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ORKFIELDS
mbinationWorkFieldsandthecorrespondingcomponentWorkFields
ed.
DS
talling-
ating-ln-
stalling-
g
S
3),Chipping(052),Milling-
wing(056),andShearing-
luing-Laminating(063),Nail-
g(171),andShearing-Shav-
crewing(071),Boring(053),
Caulking(094),Chipping
ting-Folding(061),Flame
Cutting(082),Gluing-Lami-
Coating(151),Laying-Cover-
Milling-Turning-Planing
ng(072),Paving(095),
oring(171),Shearing-Shav-
ng(083),andWelding(081).
crewing(071),Boring(053),
ng(072),Riveting(073),Sol-
ding(081),andWinding
crewing(071),Boring(053),
Chipping(052),Fastening
),FlameCutting-ArcCutting-
g-Laminating(063),Immers-
Turning-Planing(055),Nail-
g(134),Riveting(073),
oring(171),Shearing-Shav-
ng(083),andWelding(081).
lling(144),HeatConditioning
g(143),Saturating(152),
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # p d - g o o g l e
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ONS
andand marineanimalsforsuchpurposesasbounty,conservation,research,
torskin.
r;Trapper;Dredger;Fishing-BoatCaptain;Deckhand.
G
tock,poultry,fish,andotheranimallife andcollectingeggs,milk,wool,
roductsbymethodswhichmayincludethosespecifictootherworkfields.
mer;Poultry-FarmWorker;Beekeeper;Artificial
alHerder.
sting,andotherwisecaringforplantlifebymethodswhichmayincludethose
s.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # p d - g o o g l e
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EARTHBORING
as,water,andstonefromtheearth.Includesdrilling earthformationstoobtain
rrySupervisor;MineSupervisor;WellDriller;
or.
NG-FOUNDATIONBUILDING
gearthmaterials,suchasdirt,gravel,rock,andsand;grading surfaces;dredging
echannels;drillingholesinearthand throughrockformationsforpurposes
neralextractions;anddrivingpilings andshaftsintoearthforstructural
gawayobstaclespreparatorytoconstructionandlogging,andcontrollinggrowth
tc.,tofacilitatemaintenanceofutilitylinesandrights-of-way.
Operator;DredgeOperator;DredgingInspector;
rator;LeveeSuperintendent;Pile-DrivingSupervi-
r;BulldozerOperator.
uallyandbyuseofmachinesandequipment,suchascranes,hoists,conveyors,
s,winches,andhandtrucks.DistinguishfromTransporting(013),whichinvolves
rsandmaterialsbycommoncarrier.
Operator;Stevedore;Freight-ElevatorOperator;
Worker.
dmaterialsbytruck,bus,airplane,train,ship,automobile,andothervehicles.
Moving(011),whichinvolvesmovingmaterialsbyconveyancesotherthan
ot;Marine-VesselCaptain;LocomotiveEngi-
vinggases,liquids,andsolidsbysuction,pressure,andvacuumwithina piping
ing
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # p d - g o o g l e
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ERING
heat,power,andconditionedair.
yEngineer;CompressorOperator;PowerhouseAt-
er.
misesbymethodssuchaswashingwithwater,steam,andcleaningagents;
g,raking,andscraping;usingsuction,compressedair,andultrasonic
her;EquipmentCleaner;Janitor;Housekeeper;
restoringshapeto,andgivingfinishtoarticles madeoffabric,fur,leather,
materialsbyapplicationoftensionor pressure(usuallyaccompaniedbyheat
gexcessmaterialsfromsurfacesofarticles.
Machine);HatBlocker;Tenter-FrameOperator;
r;Calender-MachineOperator.
antstoreducefrictionofmovingpartsand topreventsticking.
Greaser;AutomobileLubricator.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
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APPING
erialsand productsintocontainers;envelopingandenclosingmaterialsand
ane,burlap,andothermaterials;puttingmaterialsandproductsintocontainers;
ainers.Includesunpacking,unwrapping,andrefilling.
Operator;Baling-MachineOperator;Wrapping-
gingSupervisor;Bagger.
rpening,orcuttingmaterialsbyuseofabrasives;andcuttinglettersand designs
sbythewearing-awayactionofabrasives.DistinguishfromCleaning(031),
usedto removeforeignsubstances.
sher;Honer;GlassBeveler;Tumbling-Machine
Sander.
agmentswithhatchetsandchiselsstruckwithhammersorsimilarlyactivated
compressedair.DistinguishfromMilling-Tuming-Planing(055),inwhich
sareusedbut withoutpercussion.
mmerOperator.
eadingholesinmaterial(otherthanearth) bymeansofrotarycuttingtools
l.DistinguishfrompiercingbyPressing-Forging(134),inwhichtoolsdo not
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
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ANING
aringandsmoothingactionof rigidcuttingtools(usuallyfedinto rotating
ttingtools(usuallyfedinto stationarymaterials).DistinguishfromChipping
awayofflakesand fragmentsisaccomplishedbychisel-liketoolsactuated
rce.
achineOperator;MachineSetter;Wood-Carving-
Cutter;GearCutter;Screw-MachineOperator.
erialsbythereciprocalorrotary cuttingactionofabladewhichwearsout
serratedorbemadeof,or coatedwith,abrasives.Excludedfromthiswork
whichiscoveredbyLogging(004).DistinguishfromShearing-Shaving(054),
functionbutwithoutwearingakerf.
d-SawOperator;GangSawyer;Kerf-Machine
binationofthefollowingworkfields:Abrading(051),Boring(053), Chipping
ning(055),Sawing(056),andShearing-Shaving(054).
-DieMaker;ShopSupervisor;JobSetter.
partswithouttheuse ofbolts,screws,nails,rivets,solder,welding
workfieldincludessuchjobactivitiesas interlacingandjoiningparts,such
abricatedwoodor metalunits;fittingtogetherpartsofshoes;putting coils
toformstaters; assemblingpartsofmechanicalpencils;pressingbushingsinto
tingtogetherpinsandbuttons toformcampaignbadges.Distinguishfrom
volvesjoiningmaterialsbyfasteningwithstaples,eyelets,grommets,andsnaps.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
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al(suchaspaper,cardboard,andfabrics)withfasteners,suchasstaples,
naps.Assignmentisnotmadewhenthejoiningof materialsinvolvesmethods
elds,suchasBolting-Screwing(071),Fitting-Folding(061),Gluing-Laminating
ng(073),Soldering-Brazing(083),andWelding(081).
or;Stapler;Eyelet-MachineOperator;Wreath
withstickysubstances,suchascement,glue,paste,gum,andotheradhesive
fpartsbyapplicationofheatand pressure.
perator;Combining-MachineOperator;Bonding-
Laminator;Hot-PressWorker;Heat-Sealing-Ma-
withthreadedboltsandscrewsfittedthroughadjoiningholes previouslybored
gthreadedscrewsthroughparts.In someinstances,holesmaybepartially
toaccommodatescrews,orboltsmaybesecuredin placebyinsertingthem
shfromRiveting(073),whichinvolvestheuse ofnonthreadedboltstofasten
sembler;Power-ToolOperator;Vehicle-LightAs-
;Wooden-HeelAttacher;SpringAssembler.
withdevices,suchasnails,tacks,spikes,brads,andstaples.Distinguishfrom
onthreadedfasteningdeviceissecuredbyhammeringandpressing tospread
stinguishfromFastening(062),wherelightmaterialsarejoined.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
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asticpartsby heatingsurfacestoinducefusionwithorwithoutthe application
ure.Forge-welding,whichinvolvesapplyingsharpblows,iscoveredby
stinguishfromFlameCutting-ArcCutting-BeamCutting(082),inwhich
osever parts,andfromSoldering-Brazing(083),whichinvolvesjoiningparts
er;WeldingSupervisor;WeldingInspector;LeadBurner.
CCUTTING-BEAMCUTTING
ectingmaterialstointenseheat,usingequipment,suchasoxyacetylenetorches,
ment,andlaserbeams.DistinguishfromWelding(081),whichmayusethe
epurposeof joiningmaterials.Cuttingbyuseofhot-wireis includedin
eCutter;ScrapBurner;ScarfingOperator;Laser-BeamCutter.
depressionsinmetalwithmoltensolderor brazingalloy.Distinguishfrom
rtsarejoined byfusionunderheat.
gSweating
g
er;Solderer;FurnaceOperator;BrazingAssembler.
fbrick,stone,marble,andsimilarbuildingmaterials,usuallysetin bedsof
smoothingplaster,mortar,stucco,andsimilarmaterialstoformand cover
nguishfromLaying-Covering(092),inwhichmaterialsare fastenedtosurfaces
erings.
n;Plasterer;PlasteringSupervisor;ConcreteFinisher.
ucturalunits,suchasroofs,floors,pipes, ductwork,tanks,boilers,and
tioningequipment,orobjectswithmaterialsintheformofsheets,blocks,tile,
ginsulationbats).DistinguishfromMasoning(091),whichinvolves
veringstructuralunits;fromGluing-Laminating(063),whichinvolvesfastening
eratherthancover;andfrom Caulking(094),whichincludesfillingspaceswith
Layer;CarpetLayer;Roofer;InsulationWorker;PipeCoverer;Siding
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # p d - g o o g l e
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evices,cracks,joints,seams,depressions,andotherspaceswithamaterial
purposesas makingobjectorstructureairtight,waterproof,andweatherproof.
seinsulationmaterialsintoopen spaces,butnotthelayingofinsulation
sincludedin Laying-Covering(092).
mmeringRammingSmoothing
aping
Spreader;Caulker;HoleFiller;InsulationBlower;Plywood-PanelSeal-
aterials,suchasasphalt,concrete,tar,oil,andgravel.
ngTamping
g
g
g-MachineOperator;SpreaderOperator;Curbing-MachineOperator;
erOperator.
ing,orrenovatingupholsteredfurniture,mattresses,carseats,automobile,train,
elike byanycombinationofBolting-Screwing,Gluing,Nailing,Sewing,and
volvedwithonlyoneoftheseworkfieldsare listedthereunder.
mobileUpholsterer;FurnitureUpholsterer;UpholsteryRepairer;Uphol-
ATING-INSTALLING-REPAIRING
drepairingstructuresandobjectswhosecomponentsarestaticandmayrequire
binationofthefollowingworkfields:Abrading(051),Bolting-Screwing(071),
raying(153),Caulking(094),Chipping(052),Fastening(062),Fitting-Folding
Cutting-BeamCutting(082),Gluing-Laminating(063),Immersing-Coating
92),Masoning(091),Milling-Tuming-Planing(055),Molding(136),Nailing
ng-Forging(134),Riveting(073),Sawing(056),Sewing-Tailoring(171),
Soldering-Brazing(083),andWelding(081).
tructionInspector;Carpenter;BoatBuilderandRepairer;Boilermaker;
r;Cabinetmaker;Cooper;AircraftAssembler;
Pipefitter;Plumber;Propmaker.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # p d - g o o g l e
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ICFABRICATING-INSTALLING-REPAIRING
drepairingobjectsthathaveelectricalandelectronicfunctioningelementsby
owingworkfields:Abrading(051),Bolting-Screwing(071),Boring(053),
ng(072),Riveting(073),Soldering-Brazing(083),Welding(081),and
fromStructuralFabricating-Installing-Repairing(102)andMechanical
airing(121).
rician;InstrumentMechanic;ApplianceAssembler;ElectronicsTester;
ler;Electrical-SystemsInstallerandRepairer;
EquipmentInstallerandRepairer.
ATING-INSTALLING-REPAIRING
drepairingobjectsthathavemovingpartsofmechanicallyfunctioningelements
followingworkfields:Abrading(051),Bolting-Screwing(071),Boring(053),
Chipping(052),Fastening(062),Fitting-Folding(061),FlameCutting-Arc
2),Gluing-Laminating(063),Immersing-Coating(151),Milling-Turning-
),Pressing-Forging(134),Riveting(073),Sawing(056),Sewing-Tailoring
054),Soldering-Brazing(083),andWelding(081).
inist;Tool-and-DieMaker;AutomobileMechanic;Air-Conditioning
ntenanceMechanic;WatchRepairer.
olidtoliquidstate (usuallybyheat)forsuchpurposesas compoundingwith
yseparation(throughaccompanyingchemicalchange),andmakingmaterials
asting.DistinguishfromSoldering-Brazing(083),andWelding(081),inwhich
tojoiningpartstogether.
apping
hrowing
g
ng
drySupervisor;Open-Hearth-FurnaceOperator;Blast-FurnaceSupervi-
ng,injecting,andpressingintoa moldandpermittingorcausingtosolidify.
(135),in whichshapingiseffectedbydiesandrollers;Molding (136),in
ntonworker;andPressing-Forging(134),whichinvolvesapplicationofforce
shshaping.
asting-MachineOperator;Coremaker;Bowling-BallMolder;Injection-
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
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tougheningmaterialsbyheatingandcoolingwithorwithoutaccompanying
alsmaybesubjectedtoheatalonetoaltermolecularstructureofmaterialsand
uchashardness,flexibility,andductility;ormaterialmaybetreated withheat
erialsandchemicalbathstoimparta hard"skin"tothematerial.Included
hmaterialsareheatedtotreatthemfor furtherprocessing(e.g.,bringingmetal
temperature).
nealer;GlassBender;RivetHeater.
g,andforge-weldingmaterialsbyaforcepushedagainstorthroughmaterials,
(as inhammering).DistinguishfromCasting(132),inwhichmoldsare used
g(135),whichutilizes diesandrollersin shaping;SurfaceFinishing(032),
bricoriented;andMolding(136),whichinvolvesthecumulativeadditionof
byworker)in accomplishingshapingofmaterial.
pervisor;Punch-PressOperator;Hammersmith.
gitthroughdies,drawingit throughdies,andreducingitbetweenrollers.
132),inwhichshapingis achievedbyuseofmolds;SurfaceFinishing(032),
olding(136),whichinvolvesacumulativebuildup(byworker)in shaping
orging(134),inwhichforceorsharpblowsare applied.
Operator;Cold-RollingSupervisor;ExtrusionSu-
lativeadditionofmaterial(byworker)tobuild uporiginalmassandpressing
esremovingexcessmaterialtoobtainfinishedproduct.Distinguishfrom
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
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izing,andotherwisesubjectingmaterialstoheat.DistinguishfromDistilling
ultsin therefinement,concentration,andcondensationofsubstances,gases,
Conditioning(133),inwhichtreatmentof materialswithheatinducesspecial
s,flexibility,andductility.
nRoaster;TobaccoCurer;Veneer-DrierSupervisor;
G
materialsintosmallerparticles,suchasgranules,grits,crumbs,chips,powder,
ofcompressing,cutting,andsmashing.
ed-Sugar-PulverizerOperator;Concrete-Patch-
nderOperator;Pulper.
quidandsolidmaterialsto produceasinglemassorcompound.
FertilizerMixer;TobaccoBlender;Clay-Prepara-
gsubstances(followingexpulsionofgasesand vapors)andrecapturingand
porsdrivenoffbyheatingliquids andsolidsinretorts,stills, andsimilar
tillOperator;Tomato-PasteMaker;SugarBoiler.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # p d - g o o g l e
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ARING
andanimalconsumption,bymethodswhichmayincludethosespecificto
DistinguishfromButchering-MeatCutting(034),whichinvolvesslaughtering
y,andfish,anddressingandprocessingmeatsformarketing.
er;Chef;Cottage-CheeseMaker;Baker;Cook.
UNDING
rthanfoodandphotographstoattaindesiredresults byanycombinationof
aking-Drying(141),Distilling(144),HeatConditioning(133),Melting
ating(152),andSeparating(145).DistinguishfromCooking-FoodPreparing
processingandfromDeveloping-Printing(202),whichinvolvesreproducing
sby chemicalmeans.
mical-LaboratoryTechnician;Pharmacist;RefineryOperator.
ectswithaprotectiveanddecorativecoatingofliquid materialswhichdry
g,andotherwisesubmergingobjectsin thematerial.Distinguishfrom
whichdoesnotinvolvetheimmersingmethodofcoating;fromElectroplating
sa stepintheelectrolytictreatmentofobjects;andfromSaturating(152),
ingmaterialsratherthancoveringandcoatingobjects.
ng
g
ng-MachineOperator;Dipper;Impregnating-TankOperator;Roofing-
CoatingSupervisor.
thothersubstances(generallyinsolution)bydyeing,starching,shrinking,
toimpartparticularqualities.DistinguishfromBrushing-Spraying(153),which
mmersion;Electroplating(154),whichinvolveselectrolytictreatmentof
oating(151),whichinvolvescoveringandcoatingmaterials.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
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bjectswithprotectiveanddecorativecoating,suchaswaxes,paints,lacquers,
tdryandset.Equipmentand toolsusedgenerallyincludebrushes,rollers,and
mImmersing-Coating(151),whichinvolvessubmergingobjectsinsolutions,
Drawing(262),whichinvolvesproducingdesignsorlettering.
ryCoater;ElectrostaticPainter;HousePainter;SprayPainter;Water-
ectswithacoatingof materialbyelectrolysis.DistinguishfromImmersing-
atingisnot accomplishedbyelectricalaction,althoughimmersingtheobjects
ng
Rolling
rogalvanizing-MachineOperator;ProductionPlater;Optical-Glass
hineOperator.
ndstraighteningmaterialbyforcingitthroughprongsofa combandraising
terials.Includessuchmechanicalactionasdirectingjets ofairagainstyarn
ctureandincreaseits bulk.
ng
ngSupervisor;ComberTender;CardTender;NapperTender;Manne-
ndtwistingmaterialintostrand-likeform.DistinguishfromDie-Sizing(135),
metalandplastic)maybe extrudedanddrawnintostrand-likeform,but
ing-FrameTender;Winding-and-Twisting-DepartmentSupervisor;
Spinner.
bjecttoforma spoolorballof thematerialortocoverthe object.
Threading
ying
Winder;Cloth-WindingSupervisor;Wire-Winding-MachineTender;
nderandOiler.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # p d - g o o g l e
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s,wires,andotherstrand-likematerialswithother yarns,wires,andother
mtextiles,wire,andsimilarproducts.DistinguishfromKnitting(165), in
oped,andTufting(166),in whichinterlacingisnotpresent.
ervisor;CarpetWeaver;WeavingSupervisor.
erialina seriesofconnectedloopstoformtextiles,wire,andsimilar products.
(164),inwhichmultiplestrandsareinterlaced,andTufting (166),inwhich
or;Seamless-HosieryKnitter;KnittingSupervisor;
yarnthroughmaterial,byhandandmachine,withoutinterlacingor
uishfromWeaving(164),whichinvolvesinterlacingofstrands;fromKnitting
ooped;and fromSewing-Tailoring(171),whichinvolvesfasteningmaterials
dthread.
ghHooking
rameMounter;Tuft-MachineOperator;RugHook-
eningmaterialswithneedleandthreadbyhand andmachine.Includes
sonicmachines.
Sewing-MachineOperator;Quilting-MachineOper-
trasonic-Seaming-MachineOperator;Sewing-Ma-
ofmaterialsbythecorrosiveactionof chemicalsonexposedpartsofmaterial.
r;GlassEtcher.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # p d - g o o g l e
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aterialbyincising.
graver;Pantographer.
taanddesignsbytransferofink anddyetosurfaceofmaterialsby useof
ens,andstencils.Includestypesetting,compositing,andreproducingprinted
izedtypesettingandrelatedprintingequipment.
ator;TypesettingSupervisor;Silk-ScreenPrinter;
perator;Letter-PressOperator;Offset-PressOpera-
thesurfacesofproductstoreproducerecordsofdata bymechanicalmeans.
Forging(134),whichinvolveschangeofshapeandformofproductsrather
es.
osser;Name-PlateStamper;LeatherStamper.
s)ofthings,people,places,anddatabychemicalchangesonasensitized
electronicmeansinducedbylightandsimilarwaves.
pher;Radiographer;Photocopying-MachineOpera-
onSpecialist;Lithographic-PlateMaker.
G
taanddesignsbychemicalmeans.
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
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thequalityandvalueofdata andthingsbasedonknowledgeandjudgment
nceandtrainingandbyconductingperformancetests.Includesinterpretationof
evariationsinmachinerysetups,formulamodifications,andproduct
etechniquesofAppraisingrequireatechnicalbackgroundinanotherworkfield,
DistinguishfromInspecting-Measuring-Testing(212),whichprimarily
predeterminedstandards.
Control-TestingSupervisor;Medical-Laboratory
praiser;FireInspector.
RNG-TESTING
productstoverifyconformancetopredeterminedstandardsandcharacteristics,
position,andcolor.DistinguishfromAppraising(211),whichinvolves
basedprimarilyonjudgmentand knowledgeratherthanoncomparisonwith
s.
eigher;SpringTester;BowlingBallWeigherand
er;QualityControlInspector.
g,requisitioning,andaccountingforstoresofmaterialsandmaterialsinuse;
lingofthematerials.Representativejobactivitiescoveredbythisworkfield
sandkeepingmaterialsonhandinbalancewithoperationalneeds;assigning
msaccordingtosize,quantity,andtype;verifyingquantity,identification,
msandthephysicalhandlingof items,suchasbinning,picking,stacking,and
P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_
u s e # p d - g o o g l e
-
8/16/2019 Revised Handbook Analysing Jobs
54/276
RECORDKEEPING
g,anddistributingrecordsandcommunications,primarilyverbalincharacter
ces,tocommunicateandsystematizeinformationanddat