Reviewer Rizal Midterms

8/13/2019 Reviewer Rizal Midterms

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CHAPTER 7: PARIS TO BERLIN

I. IN PARIS

a. After completing his studies in Madrid, Rizal went to Paris and Germany to specialize in ophthalmology

. !e wor"ed as an assistant to #r. $ouis de %ec"ert, leading &rench ophthalmologist

c. Studio of $una'

i. !appy hours' discussion with $una on pro lems on art and painting techni(ue

ii. Rizal helped $una y posing as model in se)eral paintings

iii. #eath of *leopatra' Rizal posed as an +gyptian Priest

i). lood *ompact' Rizal posed as Si"atuna

II. AS M-SI*IAN

a. ose could not sing well

. *ame to play flute )ery well

c. *omposed'

i. Alin Mang $ahi /Any Race0111 asserts that any race aspires for freedom

ii. $a #eportacion /#eportation0 111 composed in #apitan during his e2ile

III. IN !+I#+$ +RG, G+RMAN3

a. oarding !ouse of German $aw students'

i. Students made him a mem er of the *hess Player4s *lu

ii. oined them in their eer drin"ing sessions and watched their friendly sa er duels

. oarding !ouse near the -ni)ersity of !eidel erg

i. %or"ed at the -ni)ersity +ye !ospital under the direction of #r. 5tto ec"er, distinguished German ophthalmologist

c. Noticed that German *atholics and Protestants practiced ecumenism

i. 6hey li)ed together in harmony and cordiality

I7. 65 6!+ &$5% +RS 5& !+I#+$ +RG

a. &ascination of the looming flowers along the an"s of Nec"ar Ri)er

. $ight lue 8forget1me1not9' fa)orite flower

c. ecause of homesic"ness' poem' 86o the &lowers of !eidel erg9

7. %I6! PAS65R -$$M+R A6 %I$!+$MS&+$#

a. ose spent a :1month summer )acation at %ilhemsfield

. Stayed at the )icarage of a "ind Protestant pastor, #r. ;arl -lmer

c. Grati tude of Rizal'

i. 83ou may also recei)e, when you are a road, the same treatment and friendship as I ha)e found among you<9

ii. 8you understood me too, in spite of my rown s"in<9

7I. &IRS6 $+66+R 65 $-M+N6RI66

a. &irst letter in German to Prof. &erdinand lumentritt, #irector of the Ateneo of $eitmeritz, Austria /Austrian +thnologist and hasinterest in Philippine languages0

i. 8I ha)e heard that you are studying our language, and that you had already pu lished some wor" a out it= permit meto send you a )alua le oo" written y my countryman in our language.9

. 6hat oo" was entitled' 8Aritmetica9 /Arithmetic0

i. %as pu lished in Spanish and 6agalog

ii. Author' Rufino altazar !ernandez

c. lumentritt was impressed on the letter of ose

i. Reciprocated y sending ose a gift of > oo"s

1



ii. ecame the est friend of ose

7II. IN $+IP?IG, G+RMAN3

a. -ni)ersity of $eipzig

i. Attended some lectures on !istory and Psychology

ii. efriended Prof. &riedrich Ratzel, famous German historian

iii. efriended #r. !ans Meyer, German Anthropologist

. In $eipzig'

i. 6ranslated Schiller4s %illiam 6ell from German to 6agalog

@. So that &ilipinos might "now the story of that *hampion of Swiss Independence

ii. 6ranslated !ans *hristian Andersen4s &airy 6ales

@. &or his nephews and nieces

c. *ost of li)ing in $eipzig was cheapest in +urope

i. ose stayed > months and a half in this German *ity

ii. !e wor"ed as a proof1reader in a pu lisher4s firm and earned some money

d. In #resden'

i. !e met #r. Adolph Meyer

7III . +R$IN4S S*I+N6I&I* *IR*$+S

a. In erlin'

i. Met for the first time #r. &eodor agor /author' 6ra)els in the Philippines0

. ecame a mem er of the Anthropological Society, +thnological Society, and Geographical Society of erlin

i. -pon recommendation of' #r. agor and #r. Meyer

ii. Pro)ed that his scientific "nowledge was recognized y +urope4s scientists

@. %as the first Asian to e accorded such honors

I . $I&+ IN +R$IN

a. $i)e in this *apital for B reasons'

i. 6o gain further "nowledge of 5phthalmology

ii. 6o further his studies of sciences and languages

iii. 6o o ser)e the economic1political conditions

i). 6o associate with famous German scientists and scholars

). 6o pu lish his Noli Me 6angere

. &rugal life in erlin

i. y day' assistant in the *linic of #r. Schweigger, eminent German ophthalmologist

ii. y night' attended lectures in the -ni)ersity of erlin

. 5N G+RMAN %5M+N

a. Addressed to his sister 6rinidad'

i . German women'

@. Serious, diligent, educated, friendly

>. Not' gossipy, fri)olous, (uarrelsome li"e the Spanish woman.

:. Not particular a out eautiful dresses and e2pensi)e Cewelry

ii. &ilipino women'

@. %omen are more interested in how they dress than in how much they "now

>. If only they can culti)ate their intellect y education and y ta"ing more interest in worldly affairs, they cancommand the respect of all men.

2



iii. Rizal ad)ised his sister'

@. Read while you are young.

>. Not allow yourself to e con(uered y indolence ecause it costs so little to cast it off.

I. G+RMAN *-S65MS

a. 5n *hristmas +)e'

i. Pine tree as a *hristmas tree

. %hen a man attends a social function and finds that there is no ody to introduce him to the other guests, he ows his head tothe guests

i. Introduces himself and sha"es the hands of e)eryone in the room.

ii. It is ad manners for a guest to remain aloof, and wait for his host or hostess to ma"e the proper introduction.

II. #AR;+S6 % IN6+R IN +R$IN

a. ose li)e in po)erty ecause no money arri)ed from *alam a

i. 6he diamond ring which Saturnina ga)e him was in the pawnshop

ii. !e could not pay his landlord

iii. !e had to scrimp, eating only one meal a day

i). ose star)ed and shi)ered with wintry cold.

). !is health ro"e down due to lac" of proper nourishment

)i. !e feared he was going to e sic" with tu erculosis

. In *alam a'

i. Paciano tried desperately to raise money

ii. *rops had failed due to the ra)ages of the locusts.

iii. 6he sugar mar"et collapsed.

CHAPTER 8: NOLI ME TANGERE PUBLISHED IN BERLIN

I. I#+A 5& %RI6ING A N57+$ IN 6!+ P!II$IPPIN+S

a. 6he lea" winter of @DDE was memora le in the life of Rizal for two reasons'

i. &irst' it was a painful episode for he was angry and sic" in a strange city

ii. Second' after enduring so much suffering, it rought him great Coy that his Noli Me 6angere came off the press inMarch @DDF.

@. #r. Ma2imo 7iola arri)ed in erlin at the height of his despondency and loaned him the needed funds topu lish the no)el.

. !is reading of !arriet eecher Stowe4s -ncle 6om4s *a in

i. Portrays the rutalities of American sla)e1owners and the pathetic conditions of the unfortunate Negro sla)es

ii. 6his inspired ose to prepare a no)el that would depict the miseries of his people under the lash of Spanish tyrants

c. Proposal of the No)el to a group of &ilipinos

i. !is proposal was unanimously appro)ed

ii. ut' it did not materialize

@. 6hose who were e2pected to colla orate did not write anything

>. +)ery ody want to write on women

:. ose was disgusted' his companions wasted their time gam ling or flirting with girls

iii. 6hus' he wrote the no)el alone

II. 6!+ %RI6ING 5& 6!+ N5$I

a. !e almost hurled the no)el into flames

i. !e was sic" and penniless in erlin while doing its final re)isions

3



ii. !e saw no hope of ha)ing it pu lished

III. 7I5$A, SA7I5R 5& 6!+ N5$I

a. A scion of a rich family in San Miguel, ulacan

. 7iola finance the printing cost of the Noli

c. 6o sa)e printing e2penses' ose deleted some passages in his manuscript

I7. RI?A$ S-SP+*6+# AS &R+N*! SP3

a. *hief of Police in erlin )isited ose4s oarding house and as"ed his passport

i. ose could not produce a passport, for he had none /it was possi le in those days to tra)el without a passport0

ii. 6he chief told him to secure a passport within days, otherwise he would e deported

. ose went to the Spanish em assy

i. 6he am assador failed to attend to this matter for it turned out that he had no power to issue the re(uired passport

c. At the e2piration of the 1day ultimatum

i. ose presented himself at the office of the German police chief

ii. !e apologized for his failure to o tain a passport and politely as"ed the chief why he was to e deported when he hadnot committed any crime

d. Reason of the Police *hief'

i. !e had recei)ed intelligence reports that ose made fre(uent )isits to the )illages and little towns in the rural areas

ii. 6his aroused the German go)ernment4s suspicion that he was a &rench Spy

iii. At that time' relations etween &rance and Germany were strained on account of Alsace1$orraine

e. Response of ose '

i. In fluent German language' he e2plained to the chief that he was not a &rench Spy, ut was a &ilipino physician and

scientist, particularly an ethnologist.

ii. As an ethnologist, he )isited the rural areas of the countries he )isited to o ser)e the customs and life1styles of theirsimple inha itants.

f . React ion of the *hief'

i. %as impressed with ose4s e2planation and fascinated y his mastery of the German language and personalcharisma

ii. 6he *hief was satisfied and allowed him to stay freely in Germany

7. PRIN6ING 5& 6!+ N5$I &INIS!+#

a. In his letter to lumentritt'

i. ose sent one copy to lumentritt

ii. !e said'

@. It is the first impartial and old oo" on the life of the tagalogs

>. 6he &ilipinos will find it the history of the last ten years

:. 6he Go)ernment and the friars will pro a ly attac" the wor", refuting my arguments

. ut I trust in the God of 6ruth and in the persons who ha)e actually seen the sufferings at close range

B. I hope I can answer all the concepts which ha)e een fa ricated to malign us.

7I. 6!+ 6I6$+ 5& 6!+ N57+$

a. Noli Me 6angere is a $atin Phrase which means' 86ouch Me Not9

. *iting a i lical mista"e'

i. Noli Me 6angere ta"en from the Gospel of St. $u"e, signify 8do not touch me9

c. *orrect i lical passage'

i. Gospel of St ohn

ii. According to St ohn' &irst +aster Sunday

4



@. Magdalene )isited the Sepulcher, and esus said to her' 86ouch me not= I am not yet ascended to my&ather, ut go to my rethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my &ather, and your &ather= and to myGod and your God9

7II. 6!+ A-6!5R4S #+#I*A6I5N

a. Recorded in the history of human sufferings is a cancer so malignant a character that the least touch irritates it and awa"ens in itthe sharpest pains.

. I will do with thee what the ancients did with their sic", e2posing them on the steps of the temple so that e)ery one who came to

in)o"e the #i)inity might offer them a remedy

c. I will raise a part of the )eil that co)ers the e)il, sacrificing to truth e)erything.

i. As thy son I am conscious that I also suffer from thy defects and wea"nesses

7III. S3N5PSIS 5& 6!+ N5$I

a. It egins with a reception gi)en y *apitan Santiago at his house

i. In honor of *risostomo I arra

@. A young and rich &ilipino who had Cust returned after F years of study in +urope

>. %as the only son of #on Rafael I arra /friend of *apitan 6iago0

:. &iancH of Maria *lara /daughter of *apitan 6iago0

. $ieutenant Gue)arra told *risostomo I arra a out the sad story of his father4s death

i. #on Rafael defended a helpless oy from the rutality of an illiterate Spanish ta2 collector

ii. #on Rafael accidentally "illed the ta2 collector

@. !e was thrown in prison where he died unhappily

>. !e was uried in consecrated ground, ut his enemies, accusing him of eing a heretic, had his odyremo)ed from the cemetery.

:. ut the gra)e1digger threw the corpse into the la"e

. Padre #amaso was responsi le for this

iii. I arra )owed to find out the truth a out his father4s death

c. 6asio the philosopher

i. %hose ideas were too ad)anced for his times

ii. Pu lic called him 86asio the lunatic9

iii. !e is a progressi)e school teacher, who complained to I arra that the children were losing interest in their studiesecause of'

@. the lac" of a proper school house

>. the discouraging attitude of the parish friar towards oth the teaching of Spanish and the use of modernmethods of pedagogy

i). was pessimistic a out the proCect of I arra to uild a schoolhouse at his own e2pense

d. Sisa

i. %as a formerly rich girl ut ecame poor ecause she married a gam ler

ii. She ecame crazy ecause she lost her two oys, asilio and *rispin

@. 6hese oys were sacristanes /se2tons0 in the church wor"ing for a small wage to support their poor mother

>. *rispin /younger0 was accused y the rutal sacristan mayor /chief se2ton0 of stealing the money of thepriest

a. !e was tortured in the con)ent and died

: . asi lio escaped

iii. %hen the > oys did not return home, Sisa loo"ed for them e)erywhere and, in her great sorrow, she ecame insane

e. +lias

i. %as sa)ed y I arra from a crocodile while ha)ing a picnic with Maria *lara. +lias grappled a crocodile which wascaught in the fish corral. !e could not su due it.

5



i. Kuac" Spanish physician

ii. 6reated the illness of Maria *lara

iii. !us and of #octora #oJa 7ictorina de los Reyes de #e +spadaJa

@. 7ain and )ulgar nati)e woman

>. !ad hallucinations of eing a superior *astillan

:. Although a nati)e herself, she loo"ed down on her own people as inferior eings

. She added another 8de9 to her hus and4s surname to e more Spanish

B. She introduced to *apitan 6iago a young Spaniard, #on Alfonso $inares #e +spadaJa, cousin of #on6i urcio and godson of Padre #amaso4s rother1in1law.

a. $inares was penniless and Co less, he came to the Philippines in search of a rich &ilipino heiress.

i. Attac" on the arrac"s of the Guardia *i)il

i. +ngineered y the enemies of I arra

@. 6he enemies of I arra told the supposed attac"ers of the arrac"s that the mastermind of their attac" wasI arra

>. At the same time, the enemies warned the alferez /lieutenant of the Guardia *i)il0 to alert his men of thesupposed attac"

ii. I arra was lamed for the catastrophe

iii. +lias'

@. $earning of I arra4s arrest, urned all the papers that might incriminate his friend and set I arra4s house onfire

>. !e went to prison and helped I arra escape

i). I arra

@. &orga)e Maria *lara for gi)ing up his letters to her to the Spanish authorities who utilized them as e)idenceagainst him.

>. Maria *lara'

a. Re)ealed that those letters were e2changed with a letter from her late mother, Pia Al a, whichPadre Sal)i ga)e her.

. &rom this letter, she learned that her real father was Padre #amaso.

). A police oat pursued +lias and I arra

@. +lias told I arra to hide under the zacate of their anca

>. As the police oat was o)erta"ing the anca, +lias Cumped into the water and swam swiftly toward the shore

:. +lias di)erted the attention of the soldiers

. I arra was a le to escape

B. +lias was hit y the firing guns of the ci)il guards and san"

C. +lias and asilio

i. %as seriously wounded, reached the shore and staggered into the forest

ii. !e met asilio who was weeping o)er his mother4s dead ody

iii. !e as"ed asilio to ma"e a pyre on which their odies /his and Sisa0 were to e urned to ashes

i). +lias murmured' 8I die without seeing the dawn righten o)er my nati)e landL 3ou, who ha)e it to see, welcome it 111and forget not those who ha)e fallen during the night.

I . 6!+ N5$I AS+# 5N 6R-6!

a. Maria *lara was $eonor Ri)era

. I arra and +lias were Rizal

c. 6asio was Paciano

d. Padre #amaso' typical of a domineering friar arrogant, immoral, and anti1&ilipino

. MISSING *!AP6+R 5& 6!+ N5$I

7



a. 8+lias and Salome9

i. Reason for deleting this portion' economic

ii. +lias to Salome'

@. It is etter that it neither you nor I would wish to hear our children lament our lo)e, which would onlye(ueath them misery

>. &orget me, forget a lo)e so mad and futile

I. RI?A$4S &RI+N#S PRAIS+ 6!+ N5$I

a. 5f the numerous congratulatory letters recei)ed y Rizal from his friends a out the Noli, that from lumentritt was significant.

i. lumentritt' 8your wor", as we Germans say, has een written with the lood of the heart, and so the heart alsospea"s

ii. 6he word fili uster must ha)e certain meaning in the Philippines that I do not find in the Spanish of the Peninsularsnor in that of the Spanish peoples of America

. #r. Antonio Ma. Regidor

i. &ilipino lawyer who had een e2iled due to his complicity in the *a)ite mutiny

ii. If the Kui2ote immortalizes its author ecause it e2poses to the world the ailments of Spain, your Noli Me 6angere willring you an e(ual glory

iii. %ith your modesty and your )oracious and a le appraisal, you ha)e dealt a mortal low to that old tree full oflemishes and decay.

CHAPTER 9: RIZAL’S GRAND TOUR OF EUROPE WITH VIOLA

I. 6!+ 65-R +GINS

a. Rizal had recei)ed Paciano4s remittance of P@

. !e immediately paid 7iola the sum of P: which the latter "indly loaned so that the Noli could e printed

c. !e was ready to see +urope efore returning to *alam a

II. #R+S#+N, G+RMAN3

a. 6heir )isit coincided with the regional floral e2position /Rizal was interested in otany0

i. 6hey met #r. agor

ii. #r. agor ad)ised Rizal to wire lumentritt of their coming ecause the old professor was a ner)ous disposition andhe might suffer a shoc" at their sudden )isit

. In the Museum Art' Rizal was impressed y a painting of 8Prometheus ound9

III. &IRS6 M++6ING %I6! $-M+N6RI66

a. lumentritt was carrying a pencil s"etch of Rizal at the railroad station which ose sent him, so that he could identify his &ilipinofriend

I7. +A-6I&-$ M+M5RI+S 5& $+I6M+RI6?

a. lumentritt in)ited 7iola and ose to a eer garden

i. 6he urgomaster /town mayor0 as"ed Rizal how long it too" him to learn German

ii. Rizal replied' @@ months. 6he urgomaster was amazed.

. Rizal painted a portrait of lumentritt to commemorate his memories at his home

c. $etter to lumentritt '

i. I am at heart an inha itant of $eitmeritz Cust as you yourself are a &ilipino in sentiments

ii. !e forgot his diamond stic"pin at his room in !otel ;re s

7. PRAG-+

a. Rizal and 7iola )isited the tom of *opernicus, the famous astronomer the museum of natural history

7I. 7I+NNA

a. 6his city fascinated Rizal ecause of its eautiful uildings, religious images

. Rizal recei)ed his lost diamond stic"pin.

8



i. It was found y a maid in !otel ;re s and was gi)en to lumentritt, who, in turn, forwarded it to Rizal in 7ienna.

7II. #AN- IAN 753AG+ 65 $IN6?

a. Noticed that the passengers on the ri)er oat were using paper nap"ins during meals, which was a no)elty to him

i. 7iola commented that the paper nap"ins were more 8hygienic and economical than cloth nap"ins9

7III. &R5M $IN6? 65 R!+IN&A$$

a. 6hey sa)or the famous Munich eer, est in Germany

. &rom Munich, they went to Nurem erg, one of the oldest cities in Germany.

i. 6hey witnessed the horri le torture machines used in the In(uisition

c. At Rheinfall, they saw the most eautiful waterfall in +urope

I . G+N+7A

a. Rizal showed his rowing prowess at $eman $a"e to Gene)a

. RI?A$ R+S+N6S + !I I6I5N 5& IG5R65S IN @DDF MA#RI# + P5SI6I5N

a. -pon reaching Gene)a /Switzerland0, he recei)ed sad news from his friends in Madrid of the deplora le conditions of the

primiti)e Igorots who were e2hi ited in this e2position

i. Some died of pneumonia

ii. Scanty clothing /G1strings0 and crude weapons were o Cects of moc"ery and laughter y the Spanish people and thepress

. Rizal was outraged= in his letter to lumentritt'

i. Igorots are moc"ed y Spanish newspapers

ii. +2cept' +l $i eral

@. Says that such moc"ery is not consistent with human dignity to e e2hi ited side y side with animals andplants

c. %e want an industrial e2position, ut not an e2hi ition of human eings who are compelled to li)e almost outdoors and die ofnostalgia and pneumonia or typhus

I. RI?A$ IN I6A$3

a. Rizal reached Rome, 8the +ternal *ity9 and the 8*ity of *aesar9

. $etter to lumentritt

i. !ere I reath the same air which the Roman heroes ha)e reathed

ii. I salute e)ery statue with re)erence

iii. Places )isited' *apitolium, 6arpeian Roc", Palatinum, &orum Romanum, Amphitheatre

i). ose did not enter cafes ecause he loathed to hear &rench Songs or see modern industries

c. &eat day of St. Peter and St. Paul

i. ose )isited the 7atican, 8*ity of the Popes9

ii. !e )isited St. Peter4s S(uare

CHAPTER 10: FIRST HOMECOMING

I. #+*ISI5N 65 R+6-RN !5M+

a. After B years of memora le soCourn in +urope, he returned to the Philippines practiced medicine in *alam a

. ecause of the pu lication of the Noli Me 6angere and the uproar it caused among friars, Rizal was warned y Paciano and hisfriends not to return home.

c. Rizal was determined to return to the Philippines for the following reasons'

i. 6o operate on his mother4s eyes

ii. 6o ser)e his people who had long een oppressed y Spanish tyrants

iii. 6o find out for himself how the Noli and his other writings were affecting &ilipinos and Spaniards in the Philippines

i). 6o in(uire why $eonor Ri)era remained silent

9



II. #+$IG!6&-$ 6RIP 65 MANI$A

a. 6he same steamer, #Cemnah, which rought him to +urope B years ago was enroute to the 5rient )ia the Suez *anal

III. ARRI7A$ IN MANI$A

a. !e found Manila the same as when he left it B years ago

i. the same holes in the roads

I7. !APP3 !5M+*5MING

a. Paciano did not lea)e him during the first days after arri)al to protect him from any enemy assault

. In *alam a, Rizal esta lished a medical clinic

i. !is first patient was his mother

ii. Rizal, who came to e called 8#octor -liman9 ecause he came from germany, treated the ailments of his patientsand soon ac(uired a lucrati)e medical practice.

iii. !is professional fees were reasona le, e)en gratis to the poor.

i). After E months, he earned a total of PB as medical fees

c. 6hus, he opened a gymnasium

i. +uropean sports is introduced

ii. !e tried to interest his town mates in gymnastics, fencing and shooting so as to discourage coc"fights and gam ling.

d. Rizal suffered one failure during his E months of soCourn in *alam a'

i. !is failure to see $eonor Ri)era

ii. !e tried to go to #agupan, ut his parents a solutely for ade him to go ecause $eonor4s mother did not li"e him for ason1in1law

iii. !e was caught within the iron grip of the custom of his time that marriages must e arranged y the parents of othgroom and ride.

7. S65RM 57+R N5$I

a. Rizal recei)ed a letter from Go)ernor General +milio 6errero

i. Re(uesting him to come to MalacaJang Palace

ii. Some ody had whispered to the go)ernor4s ear that the Noli contained su )ersi)e ideas

iii. %hen ose was informed y Go)ernor General 6errero of the charge, he denied it

@. ose e2plained that he merely e2posed the truth ut did not ad)ocate su )ersi)e ideas

i). Pleased y his e2planation and curious a out the contro)ersial oo", the go)ernor general as"ed the author for acopy of the Noli so that he could read it.

@. Rizal had no copy then.

. &r. &ederico &aura to ose /former esuit professor of ose0'

i. +)erything in it was the truth, ut you may lose your head for it.

c. 6he go)ernor general, who was li eral minded Spaniard, "new that Rizal4s life was in Ceopardy ecause the friars were powerful.

i. &or security measure, he assigned a young Spanish lieutenant, #on ose 6a)iel de Andrade, as odyguard of Rizal

ii. 6he go)ernor general was a le to secure a copy of Noli from ose and read it'

@. !e found nothing wrong with it

d. &aculty mem ers of -S6

i. Stated that Noli was heretical, impious, and scandalous in the religious order, and anti1patriotic, su )ersi)e of pu licorder, inCurious to the go)ernment of Spain and it s function in the Philippine Islands in the political order.

e. Go)ernor General 6errero

i. %as dissatisfied with the report of the #ominicans, for he "new that the #ominicans are preCudiced against Rizal

ii. 6errero sent the No)el to the Permanent *ommission of *ensorship which was composed of priests and laymen

@. 6he report of this commission was drafted y its head, &r. Sal)ador &ont

a. It found the No)el to contain su )ersi)e ideas against the *hurch and Spain

10



. Recommended' the importation, reproduction and circulation of this pernicious oo" in the islandse a solutely prohi ited

f. 6he anning of the Noli only ser)ed to ma"e it popular

i. +)ery ody want to read it

ii. %hat the hated Spanish masters did not li"e, the oppressed masses li"ed )ery much

g. 6han"s to the Go)ernor General 6errero

i. 6here was no mass imprisonment or mass e2ecution of &ilipinos

ii. !e refused to e intimidated y the friars who clamored for harsh measures against people caught reading the no)eland its author

7I. A66A*;+RS 57+R N5$I

a. Another Augustinian, &r. ose Rodriguez pu lished D pamphlets under the heading of' 8Kuestions of Supreme Interest9 to lastthe Noli and other Anti1Spanish writings

i. %hy should I not read themO

ii. eware of them. %hyO

iii. And what can you tell me of plagueO

i). %hy do the impious triumphO

). #o you thin" there is no really purgatoryO

)i. Is there or is there no hellO

)ii. %hat do you thin" of these li elsO

)iii. *onfession or damnationO

. *opies of these anti1Rizal pamphlets were sold daily in the churches after mass.

i. Many &ilipinos were forced to uy them in order not to displease the friars

7II. #+&+N#+RS 5& 6!+ N5$I

a. Re). 7icente Garcia, a &ilipino *atholic priest1scholar /penname' usto #esiderio Magalang0, lasted the arguments of &r.Rodriguez'

i. Rizal cannot e an ignorant man, ecause he was a graduate of Spanish uni)ersities and was a recipient of scholastichonors

ii. Rizal does not attac" the *hurch and Spain, ecause what Rizal attac"ed in the Noli were the ad Spanish officialsand not Spain, and the ad and corrupt friars and not the *hurch.

iii. &r. Rodriguez said that those who read the Noli *ommit a mortal sin= since Rodriguez had read the no)el, therefore

he also commits a mortal sin

7III . *A$AM A4S AGRARIAN 6R5- $+

a. Go)ernor General 6orrero, influenced y certain facts in Noli, ordered a go)ernment in)estigation of the friar estates to remedy whate)er ini(uities might ha)e een present in connection with land ta2es and with tenant relations

. 5ne of the friar estates affected was the *alam a !acienda which is owned y the #ominican 5rder

c. Rizal wrote down his findings'

i. 6he hacienda of the #ominican 5rder comprised not only the lands around *alam a, ut also the town of *alam a

ii. 6he profits of the #ominican 5rder continually increased ecause of the ar itrary increase of the rentals paid y thetenants

iii. 6he hacienda owner ne)er contri uted a single centa)o for the cele ration of the town fiesta, for the education of thechildren, and for the impro)ement of agriculture

i). 6enants who had spent much la or in clearing the lands were dispossessed of said lands for flimsy reasons

). !igh rates of interests were charged the tenants for delayed of rentals, and when the rentals could not e paid, thehacienda management confiscated their cara aos, tools, and homes

I . &AR+%+$$ 65 *A$AM A

a. 6he friars as"ed the Go)ernor General 6errero to deport ose, ut the latter refused ecause there was no )alid charge againstose in court.

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. 6errero summoned ose and ad)ised him to lea)e the Philippines for his own good

i. !e was gi)ing ose a chance to escape the fury of the friars4 wrath

c. ose was compelled to lea)e *alam a for > reasons'

i. !is presence was Ceopardizing the safety and happiness of his family and friends

ii. !e could fight etter his enemies and ser)e his country4s cause with greater efficacy y writing in foreign countries.

CHAPTER 11: IN HONGKONG AND MACAO

I. 6!+ 6RIP 65 !5NG ;5NG

a. !e was >@' first time to lea)e the country in search of wisdom with eautiful dreams of emancipating his people from ondagey the power of his pen

. !e was >F' as forced to lea)e the country for a second time

i. he was an em ittered )ictim of human ini(uities and a frustrated reformer.

c. $etter to lumentritt in !on ;ong'

i. At last I can write freely. At last I can e2press my thoughts without fear of censorship from the chief.

ii. 6hey forced me to lea)e my country. !alf sic" I left the house.

d. ose Sainz de 7aranda

i. A Spaniard, who was a former secretary of 6errero, shadowed Rizal4s mo)ement in !ong"ong

ii. !e was commissioned y the Spanish authorities to spy on Rizal

II. + P+RI+N*+S IN !5NG;5NG ( !"##$ %&'& )

a. #iary'

i. Noisy cele ration of the *hinese New 3ear which lasted from &e . @@1@:

@. 6he richer the *hinese, the more firecrac"ers he e2ploded /continuous e2plosions of firecrac"ers0

ii. 6he #ominican 5rder was the richest religious order in !ong ;ong.

@. It engaged acti)ely in usiness

>. It owned more than F houses for rent and many shares in foreign an"s

:. It had millions of dollars deposited in the an"s

CHAPTER 1 : ROMANTIC INTERLUDE IN *APAN (1 +,- . /- / ./ 2)

I. RI?A$ IN 65;35

a. Rizal was )isited at his hotel y uan Perez *a allero, secretary of the Spanish $egation

. *a allero in)ited him to li)e at the Spanish $egation

i. ose realized that the Spanish diplomatic authorities were instructed from Manila to monitor his mo)ements in apan.

ii. !e accepted the in)itation for two reasons'

@. !e could economize his li)ing e2penses y staying at the legation

>. !e had nothing to hide from the prying eyes of the Spanish authorities

c. !is f irst days'

i. %as em arrassed ecause he did not "now the apanese language

ii. !e loo"ed li"e a apanese, ut could not tal" apanese

iii. 6o a)oid further em arrassment'

@. Rizal decided to study the apanese $anguage

>. eing a orn linguistic, he was a le to spea" it within a few days.

II. RI?A$ AN# 6!+ 65;35 M-SI*IANS

a. As he approached the par", Rizal heard the 6o"yo and playing a classical wor" of Strauss

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. !e noticed that some egan to con)erse in 6agalog. ose was amazed.

III. RI?A$4S IMPR+SSI5N 5& APAN

a. 6here were )ery few thie)es in apan

i. 6he houses remained open day and night

ii. In the hotel room' one could safely lea)e money on the ta le

. eggars were rarely seen in city streets, unli"e in Manila

c. 5ne thing he did not li"e in apan'

i. 6he popular mode of transportation y means of ric"shaws draws y men

@. ose felt disgusted at the way a human eing was employed li"e a horse

I7. R5MAN*+ %I6! 51S+I1SAN

a. Rizal saw a pretty apanese girl wal"ing past the legation gate

i. !e learned from the apanese gardener that she was Sei"o -sui

ii. As she approached the gate, ose too" off his hat and politely introduced himself as was the custom in Germany.

. Sei"o1san

i. %as mildly amused at the gallant of ose who spo"e in halting apanese

ii. 6he > con)ersed in oth +nglish and &rench 111 the language arrier was eliminated

c. Since their first meeting, ose 51Sei1san met almost daily

i. Affinity of interest in the arts pa)ed the way for their romance

ii. !er eauty almost tempted ose to settle in apan

7. RI?A$ 5N 51S+I1SAN in his #iary'

a. 6o thin" that I am lea)ing this life for the uncertain, the un"nown. 6here I was offered an easy way to li)e, elo)ed andesteemed.

. 6o you I dedicate the final chapter of these memoirs of my youth. No woman, li"e you, has e)er lo)ed me and sacrificed for me.

c. Sacrificing his personal happiness, Rizal had to carry on his li ertarian mission in +urope

7I. 753AG+ A*R5SS 6!+ PA*I&I*

a. RI?A$ AN# 6+6*!5

i. 6etcho Suehiro' efriended y ose while on oard

ii. !e was a fighting apanese Cournalist, no)elist, and a champion of human rights

iii. $i"e Rizal, he was forced y the apanese go)ernment to lea)e his country

i). !e pu lished' Storm o)er the Sea, which resem les Noli Me 6angere and 6he ig 5cean, which resem les +l&ili usterismo

CHAPTER 13: RIZAL’S VISIT TO THE UNITED STATES ( #'' ./- 1 +,- .)

I. ARRI7A$ IN SAN &RAN*IS*5

a. !is arri)al in this country was marred y racial preCudice

i. !e saw the discriminatory treatment of the *hinese and the Negroes y white Americans

. All passengers were not allowed to land

i. 6he American authorities placed the ship under (uarantine

ii. ecause' it came from the far east where a cholera epidemic was alleged to e raging

iii. Rizal was surprise ecause he "new there was no epidemic at that time in the &ar +ast.

c. ose soon disco)ered that the placing of the ship under (uarantine was moti)ated y politics

i. 6he ship was carrying coolies /men hired to do cheap la or0

ii. At that time, pu lic opinion on the Pacific *oast was against cheap coolie la or ecause the coolies from *hina weredisplacing white la orers in railroad construction camps

13



iii. 6o win the )otes of the whites in *alifornia /election was near0, the administration impeded the entry of *hinesecoolies

d. After a wee" of (uarantine, all first1class passengers, including Rizal, were permitted to land

i. ut the *hinese and apanese passengers of the second and third1class accommodations were forced to remain onoard for a longer (uarantine period.

II. A*R5SS 6!+ AM+RI*AN *5N6IN+N6

a. Rizal left San &rancisco for 5a"land Ne)ada -tah #en)er *olorado Ne ras"a Missouri Ri)er Illinois *hicago Niagara &alls Al any !udson Ri)er New 3or" Statue of $i erty

III. RI?A$4S IMPR+SSI5N 5& AM+RI*A

a. Positi)e'

i. 6he opportunities for etter life offered to poor immigrants

ii. Material progress of the country as shown in great cities, huge farms, flourishing industries, usy factories

iii. #ri)e and energy of the American people

i). Natural eauty of the land

). !igh standard of li)ing

. Negati)e'

i. $ac" of racial e(uality

ii. 6here e2isted racial preCudice which was inconsistent with the principles of democracy and freedom of which theAmericans tal" so much ut do not practice

iii. America is a land par e2cellence of freedom ut only for the whites

CHAPTER 14: RIZAL IN LONDON (1888!1889)

I. 6RIP A*R5SS 6!+ A6$AN6I*

a. Rizal entertained the American and +uropean passengers with his mar)elous s"ill with the yo1yo as an offensi)e weapon.

. 5n oard, Rizal discussed with some American newspapermen the current social and political pro lems of man"ind and them toe inade(uate in geo1politics.

i. !e could not enCoy their companionship ecause they were intellectually inferior to him.

II. $I&+ IN $5N#5N

a. !e li)ed in this city for three reasons'

i. 6o impro)e his "nowledge of the +nglish $anguage

ii. 6o study and annotate Morga4s Sucesos de las Islas &ilipinas, a rare copy of which he heard to e a)aila le in theritish Museum

iii. $ondon was a safe place for him to carry on his fight against the Spanish tyranny

. oarder of ec"ett &amily

i. Gertrude ec"ett' daughter of the owner

c. #r. Reinhold Rost

i. $i rarian of the Minsitry of &oreign Affairs authority on Malayan $anguages and *ustoms

ii. Recommended him to the authorities of the ritish Museum

iii. Rizal spent much of his time in the ritish Museum poring o)er the pages of Morga4s Sucesos

III. N+% S &R5M !5M+, G55# AN# A#

a. ad News'

i. Persecution of the &ilipino patriots who signed the 8Anti1&riar Petition of @DDD9 which was presented y #oroteo*ortes to ose *enteno, *i)il Go)ernor of Manila. 6his petition was signed y a out D patriots and was written yM. !. del Pilar. It was addressed to the Kueen Regent of Spain re(uesting the e2pulsion of f riars.

ii. Persecution of the *alam a tenants, including Rizal4s family and relati)es, for their courage to petition the go)ernmentfor agrarian reforms.

iii. &urious attac"s on Rizal y some Senators in the Spanish *ortes and y some media men in Spanish newspapers

14



i). Rizal4s rother1in1law, Manuel !idalgo, hus and of Saturnina, was e2iled y Go)ernor General %eyler to ohol without due process of law.

). A friend of Rizal, $aureano 7iado, a medical student at the -ni)ersity of Santo 6omas, was arrested and Cailed inili id Prison ecause copies of the Noli were found in his house

. Good News'

i. Re). 7icente Garcia4s defense of the Noli against the attac"s of the friars

ii. Rizal4s letter to Garcia'

@. &rom time to time turn our gaze upon our elders.

>. %e shall wish to read in their countenances appro)al of our actions

:. 6o learn of the Philippines4 past which we need to understand in order to plan intelligently for the future

. %e want to "now all that our ancestors "new, and then add our own studies to theirs

B. 6hus we shall progress the faster ecause we can go on from where they left off.

I7. ANN56A6ING M5RGA4S 55;

a. 6he greatest achie)ement of Rizal in $ondon was the annotating of Morga4s oo", Sucesos de las Islas &ilipinas /!istorical

+)ents of the Philippine Islands0

. Mariano Ponce urged ose to edit a newspaper which would defend the &ilipino interests from the scurrilous attac"s of theirSpanish detractors.

i. ose4s response' I am dedicated day and night to certain studies, so that I do not want to edit any newspaper.

7. S!5R6 7ISI6 65 PARIS AN# SPAIN

a. In Paris, !e met uan $una.

. In Spain, !e met Marcelo !. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce, two titans of the Propaganda Mo)ement.

7I. *!RIS6MAS IN $5N#5N

a. ose spent *hristmas and New 3ear with the ec"etts.

. $etter to lumentritt '

i. *hristmas is the holiday I li"e est. It reminds me of the many good days not only of my infancy, ut also of history.

ii. A great Genius was orn who preached truth and lo)e

@. !e suffered on account of !is mission, ut ecause of !is sufferings the world had impro)ed, if not sa)ed.

>. !ow it shoc"s me to see people misuse !is name to commit many crimes

c. *hristmas gift of Rizal

i. 6o lumentritt' a ust of +mperor Augustus /ruler of the Roman +mpire when *hrist was orn in ethlehem0 which he

made

ii. 6o #r. *arlos *zepela"' ust of ulius *aesar

iii. 6o Mrs. ec"ett' 6he $ife and Ad)entures of 7alentine 7o2, the 7entrilo(uist

7II. RI?A$ +*5M+S 6!+ $+A#+R 5& &I$IIPIN5S IN +-R5P+

a. ose learned that there are &ilipinos in arcelona who were planning to esta lish a patriotic society which would cooperate inthe crusade for reforms

. 6his society, called Associacion $a Solidaridad /Solidaridad Association0

i. President' Galicano Apaci le

ii. 7ice1President' Graciano $opez1 aena

iii. Rizal' honorary President /recognition of his leadership0

c. Ad)ice of ose'

i. 6olerance should pre)ail when it concerns trifles that do not affect the essential part of a thing

@. No one should resent defeat

>. 6he indi)idual should gi)e way to the welfare of the society

ii. A great deal of integrity and much good will

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@. No mem er should e2pect rewards or honors for what he does

>. !e who does his duty in the e2pectation of rewards, is usually disappointed, ecause almost no oneelie)es himself sufficiently rewarded.

:. It is ad)isa le for each one to do his duty Cust for its own sa"e and at est e2pect to e later treated unCustly,ecause in anomalous countries, inCustice is the prize for those who fulfill their duties.

7III. RI?A$ AN# 6!+ $A S5$I#ARI#A# N+%SPAP+R

a. Graciano $opez aena founded the patriotic newspaper called $a Solidaridad in arcelona

. 6his periodical ser)ed as the organ of the Propaganda Mo)ement. Its aims were as follows'

i. 6o wor" peacefully for political and social reforms

ii. 6o portray the deplora le conditions of the Philippines so that Spain may remedy them

iii. 6o oppose the e)il forces of reaction and medie)alism

i). 6o ad)ocate li eral ideas and progress

). 6o champion the legitimate aspirations of the &ilipino people to life, democracy, and happiness.

c. ose4s letter to aena'

i. See that the periodical is Cust, honest, and truthful so that its opinion may always e respected

ii. It is necessary that we show our enemies that we are more worthy than they, morally and humanly spea"ing.

iii. Should we tell the truth we shall ha)e won our cause ecause reason and Custice are on our side.

i). 6here is no need for "na)eries.

I . &IRS6 AR6I*$+ IN $A S5$I#ARI#A#

a. Rizal4s first article in $a Solidaridad Q $os Agricultores &ilipinos /6he &ilipino &armers0

. 6he article depicts' deplora le conditions in the Philippines which cause the ac"wardness of the country

c. ose wrote'

i. 6he &ilipino farmer has to struggle not only against petty tyrants and ro ers

ii. After the floods, locusts, fires, ad har)ests'

@. 6he farmer capitalist has to deal with the consta le who ta"es away from his la orers for personal ser)ice

>. *i)il guard who arrests them for )arious reasons

:. 6hey manacle them to clean the arrac"s and thus compel the capitalist to li)e on etter terms with thechief and, if not, they ta"e away his cara aos, o2en, in spite of many protests.

. %RI6INGS IN $5N#5N

a. Rizal recei)ed news on &ray Rodriguez4 una ated attac" on his Noli.

i. In defense, ose wrote a pamphlet entitled $a 7ision del &ray Rodriguez /6he 7ision of &ray Rodriguez0 under thenon1de1plume #imas Alang.

@. 6his opus is a satire depicting a spirited dialogue etween St. Augustine and &r. Rodriguez

>. St. Augustine told &r. Rodriguez that he /St. Augustine0 was commissioned y God to tell him /&r.Rodriguez0 of his stupidity and inform him of his penance on earth that he /&r. Rodriguez0 shall continue to

write more stupidity so that all men may laugh at him.

ii. In $a 7ision del &ray Rodriguez, Rizal demonstrated > things'

@. !is profound "nowledge of religion

>. ! is iting sati re

. 8$etter to the 3oung %omen of Malolos9 /in 6agalog0 re(uested y M. !. del Pilar

i. 6o praise the young ladies of Malolos for their courage to esta lish a school where they could learn Spanish, despitethe opposition of &r. &elipe Garcia, Spanish Parish Priest of Malolos

ii. Main points of the letter'

@. A &ilipino Mother should teach her children lo)e of God, fatherland, and man"ind

>. 6he &ilipino Mother should e glad, li"e the Spartan mother, to offer her sons in the defense of fatherland.

:. A &ilipino woman should "now how to preser)e her dignity and honor

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. A &ilipino woman should educate herself, aside from retaining her good racial )irtues

B. &aith is not merely reciting long prayers and wearing religious pictures, ut rather it is li)ing the real*hristian way, with good morals and good manners

c. #r. Rost, editor of 6ru ner4s Record, a Cournal de)oted to Asian studies, re(uested Rizal to contri ute some articles'

i. Specimens of 6agal &ol"lore

@. Pro)er ial Sayings

a. $ow words are stronger than loud words

. New "ing, new fashion

c. 6he poor gets poorer, the rich richer

d. Man promises while in need

e. !e who elie)es in tales has no own mind

f. 6he sa)ing man may afterwards e cheerful

g. 6he most difficult to rouse from sleep is the man who pretends to e asleep

h. 6he fish is caught through the mouth

>. Puzzles

a. I am ra)e against two, coward against one / am oo ridge0

. !e carries me, I carry him /shoes0

c. A deep well filled with steel lades /the mouth0

ii. 6wo +astern fa les

I. R5MAN*+ %I6! G+R6R-#+ +*;+66

a. ose had a romantic interlude with the oldest of the : ec"ett sisters Gertrude

. 6heir friendship drifted towards romance

c. Rizal affectionately called her 8Gettie9, in reciprocation, she called him, 8Pettie9

d. Rizal suddenly realized that he could not marry Gettie for he had a mission to fulfill in life

e. efore lea)ing $ondon, he finished sculptural wor"s

i. Prometheus ound

ii. 6he 6riumph of #eath o)er $ife /gi)en to lumentritt0

iii. 6he 6riumph of Science o)er #eath /gi)en to lumentritt0

i). A composite car)ing of the heads of the ec"ett sisters

Reviewer Rizal Midterms

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