Review Valorisation of Chicken feathers: Current status ... 2/12... · Valorisation of Chicken...
Transcript of Review Valorisation of Chicken feathers: Current status ... 2/12... · Valorisation of Chicken...
Valorisation of Chicken feathers: Current status and Future prospects
Tamrat Tesfaye
Supervisors :- Prof. Bruce Sithole
Prof. Deresh Ramjugernath
April 5-6/2016
Why Chicken Feathers?
20-22% Other wastes (blood, head, feet, viscerae, bones)
8-10 % feathers
68 -72 % meat
Human beings do not consume chicken feathers (…at least not on purpose!)
45
g t
o 2
.5-3
.0 k
g af
ter
42
to
4
5
day
s -
Th
ey
are
sl
augh
tere
d (
Ap
ple
by,
19
92
).
World poultry production
• Broiler chickens: 58 billion chickens
• 46.6 billion lbs chicken meat in USA
• 20 billion pounds feathers
North West
25%
Western Cape
22% Mpumalanga
18%
KwaZulu-
Natal
16%
Eastern Cape
7%
Gauteng
5%
Free State
5%
Limpopo
1%
Northern
Cape
1%
Distribution of slaughtering-SA
0
500
1000
1500
20052007200920112013
Bro
ilers
sla
ugh
tere
d
(Mill
ion
s)
Year
Broilers slaughtered in
SA
528 million pound chicken feathers/annum
275 broiler producers and 231 contract growers, (SAPA, 2013).
Structure of Chicken feathers
• Low density - No natural or synthetic fibres can compete • Excellent compressibility, sound dampening, and warmth retention
Composition of chicken feathers: • 91% protein (keratin) 1% lipids, and 8% water. • Disulphide bonds, hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, salt linkages and cross linkages (Schmidt,
2001).
UTILIZATION OF FEATHERS:- Present Scenario
• What to do with the more than 20 billion pounds of poultry feather waste generated each year?
Utilization and disposal
techniques/ present scenario
Burial and controlled land
filling
Incineration Medical
applications Decorative purpose
Shuttle cocks
Feather fibers, yarn and fabrics Blending with other fibers
Biodegradable plastics
UTILIZATION OF FEATHERS:- Future prospects
Biomedical Engineering
Packing material The feathers used to produce bioresin plastic
Water purification • Sponges
Fuel Storage
• strong, lightweight, hollow tubes.
• more porous after heating
• Increased surface area
Biofuels and biodiesel
Paper industry and Filtration
Geotextiles • Stiff and rigid: • restricts soil erosion • Increases soil moisture content
Pharmaceuticals Fats: cholesterol source synthesis of vitamin D3 Steroid pharmaceuticals
Cosmetics For skin:- increases skin elasticity and hydration. For hair:- moisturising properties
Construction industry
Conclusion
• Low cost, large availability and unique properties
• Increase national security by decreasing reliance on foreign oil resources.
• Minimize environmental pollution
• Enhance economic benefits for the poultry producers, processors, and stimulate development of feather product industries.
Thank you for your attention!
Any questions?