Review U9-16 Update1

7/31/2019 Review U9-16 Update1

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VietNam National University Ho Chi Minh CityUniversity of Information and Technology

Review English 1(U.9- U.16)

Part I Grammar

1. Comparative and superlative adjectives

Adjective Comparative Superlative

One syllableyoung

cold

younger

colder

The youngest

The coldest

One syllable endingin -e

NiceLate

Nicerlater

The nicestThe latest

One syllable

Short vowel +

One consonant

Wet

Thin

Big

Wetter

Thinner

Bigger

The wettest

The thinnest

The biggest

Two syllables-

consonant + y

Heavy

Sunny

Heavier

Sunnier

The heaviest

The sunniest

Two or more syllablesAttractive

Interesting

More attractive

More interesting

The mostattractive

The mostinteresting

Irregular Comparatives And Superlatives

Adjective Comparative Superlative

good

bad

little

muchfar

better

worse

less

morefurther / farther

The best

The worst

The least

The mostThe furthest / farthest

Note: two syllables adjective:

a. Words ending in consonant + -y have -er, -est, e.g: happyhappier, happiest


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Examples: busy, dirty, easy, funny, heavy, lovely, lucky, pretty, silly,

tidy

b. Some words haveer, -est OR more, most. E.g. narrownarrower, narrowestOR more narrow, most narrow

Examples: clever, common, cruel, gentle, narrow, pleasant, polite,

quiet, simple, stupid, tired.c. always more/ most: - one syllable ending in ed, e.g. pleased,

annoyed, surprised

- most of two syllables, e.g. careful, helpful,useful, hopeless, boring, willing,

2. Have/has to

Have to / Has to = it is necessary

Don't have to / Doesn't have to = it isn't necessary

SENTENCES SUBJECT MODAL VERB EXAMPLESaffirmative sentences

( + )NECESSITY:have to/has tomeans it is necessary

Iyouwethey

have to

cleanget

pick uphaveeatgo

work

I have to clean my room.You have to get a new book.We have to pick up the laundry.They have to have a notebook.

hesheit

has to

He has to eat dinner now.She has to go to work now.It has to work.

NEGATIVE

SENTENCESSUBJECT MODAL VERB EXAMPLES

negative sentences( - )

LACK OF

NECESSITY:don't have to/doesn't

have tomeans it is not

necessary.You have a choice

I

youwethey

don't haveto

workdo

cleaneat

workgobe

I don't have to workon Saturday.

You don't have to do that.We don't have to clean the car.They don't have to eat pizza.

hesheit

doesn't

have to

He doesn't have to worktomorrow.She doesn't have to go today.It doesn't have to be that way.

QUESTIONS DO SUBJECT MODAL VERB EXAMPLE

questions( ? )

Do

I

youwethey have to

clean

getpick uphaveeatgo

work

Do I have to clean my room?Do you have to get a new book?Do we have to pick up thelaundry?Do they have to have a notebook?

Doeshesheit

Does he have to eat dinner now?Does she have to go to work now?Does it have to work?


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3. Would rather/ would refer to

4. Modifiers: too, enough

5. Possessive pronouns: mine, yours

6. To and because for purpose and reason

7. Would like to, want to, plan to, be going to

8. Words ending inone, -thing, -where

Words with everyare singular.Almosteveryone has musical ability;

Everythingsgone badly wrong!

1. There is nothing you can do about it now.

2. Everything went according to plan.

3. Someone went to the shopping mall on Monday.4. No one went to the movies on Thursday night.

5. Everyone likes oranges juice.

6. If you remember anything at all, please let us know.

7. I didnt want to say anything without actually reading the letter first.

8. Did you go anywhere interesting?

9. I dont have anywhere to stay?

10.Do you know anywhere I can buy a second hand computer?

11.Her eyes followed him everywhere.

12.His dog goes everywhere with him.

13. There was nowhere for me to sit.

14. Theres something strange about him.

15. The job would suit someone with a business background.

16. Shes somewhere about the office.

17. We will assist you in finding somewhere to live.


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9. Subject/object questions

SUBJECT AND OBJECT QUESTION

Subject Question

Who and What can be the subject of a question.The word order is the same as the statement.

Subject + verb + object

Who rang you?

(someone rang you)

Who is helping you?

(Someone is helping you)

What will happen next?

Something will happen next

Object Question

Who and What can also be the object. Anauxiliary (e.g. did, will) comes before thesubject.

Object + auxiliary verb + subject + verb

Who did you ring?

(you rang someone)

Who are you helping?

(you are helping someone.)

What will they do next?

(they will do something next)

10.Verbs with two objects

Many verbs can be followed by two objects one indirect and one direct.

Usually the indirect object refers to a person, andcomes first.

He gave his wife a diamond ring .

Could you send me an e-mail?I wish you a Merry Christmas.

Let me make you some tea.

We can also put the indirect object after the direct object.

In this case it normally has a preposition (usually to or for).

Linda sent some flowers to her aunt .Mother bought the ice-cream for you, not for me.


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If you want to stress the indirect object or if the indirect object is very long,

you use the same structure:

He gave a present to a girl he hardly knew.

We do not generally use the verbs explain, suggestordescribe with the structureindirect object + direct object

Can you explain this word to me? (NOTCan you explain me this word?)

Can you suggest a good dentist to me? (NOTCan you suggest me a good dentist?)Please describe your hometown to us. (NOTPlease describe us your hometown.)

Some common verbs which can be followed by two objects are given below:

Bring, buy, cost, get, give, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read,

refuse, send, show, sing, take, teach, tell, wish, write

He gave his daughter a camera for Christmas. (Indirect object his daughter,direct object camera)

Could you lend me some money? (Indirect object me, direct object money) Let me get you a cup of coffee. (Indirect object you, direct object a cup of

coffee) I gave Mandythe letter. I must give my sistera book.

11.Will/ wont, might/ might not

12.Present perfect

Example: The aircrafthas landed. Theyve opened the doors. (the aircraft hadlanded means that the aircraft in on the ground now.)

Form:

Have /has + a past participle

Positive:I/you/we/ they have washed OrI/you/we/theyve washed He/she/ithas washed Or He/she/its washed.

Negative: I/you/we/ they havent washed.He/she/ithasnt washed.


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Question:Have I/you/we/ they washed?Has He/she/itwashed?

* There is the Present perfect ofbe andhave:

The weatherhas been awful

Ive had a lovely time, thank you!Use: When we use the Present perfect, we see things as happening in the past

but having the result in the present.

We have washed the dishes ( they are clean now.) Weve eaten all the eggs ( they are not any left.) Youve broken this watch. (it isnt working ) Theyve learnt the words. ( they know the words)

Practice:

1. Put the past participles of the verbs in the brackets.

a. Weve _______ (find) all the answers.b. Have you _______ (wash) the car?c. You havent ______(eat) very much.d. Theyve _______ (open) the new supermarket.e. Youve ________(write) it in pencil.f. Ive _______(make) the sandwiches.g. Weve _______( have) our lunch.h. United have _______ (score) a goal.i. The balloon has ______(land) the field.j. Whos _______ (break) this glass?

k. Its warm because the heating has _______ (be) on.l. Have you ___________ (sell) your flat yet?m. Ive __________ (finish) that job at last.

2. Complete the second sentence. Use the present perfect.

a. The door is open. Someone ____________________ the door.b. This is Olivers drawing, look. Oliver ______________ a picture.c. The calculator is broken. Someone _______________ the calculator.d. The floor is clean now. I _____________ the floor.e. I know my number now. I ____________ my number by heart.

f. Im still working on the computer. I ___________ with the computer yet.

13. Auxiliaries + too/either


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Affirmative response Negative response

Statement Auxiliary + too Statement Auxiliary + either

I like basketballShe ate dinner

We are tired

I do tooHe did too

I am too

I dont like basketballThey didnt eat lunch

Im not hungry

I dont like eitherWe didnt either

We arent either

*Both = the one and the other

We had two letters this morning, andboth letters are bills.

both the letters

both of the letters

both of them

*Either = the one or the otherI havent meteither of them

*Neither = not the one or the other

Neither shoe fits/ neither of the shoes fit.

*** The store has two lifts, andboth are out of order/neither is working

Practice:

1. I enjoy playing chess. My husband does (either/too)2. Sam didnt come to class last night, John didnt (either/too)

3. Ross isnt good as sports. Lou (is/ isnt) either.4. Were going to the part, and Greg (is/ isnt) too.5. Greg likes watch TV in his free time, but Nancy (does/ doesnt).6. I (watched/ didnt watch) a good movie on TV last night. Did you see

it, too?

7. Russia and Brazil are large countries. China is (either/too).8. Jules cant ride a bike, but Bridget (cant/can)

Also

USE: "Also" is used in positive sentences to add an agreeing thought.

Examples:

Jane speaks French. Sam also speaks French.

I love chocolate. Ialso love pizza.

Frank can come with us. Nancy can also come with us.


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PLACEMENT: "Also" comes after "to be."

Examples:

I am also Canadian. (sau dtu to be) I was also there.

With verbs other than "to be,""also" comes before single verb forms.

Examples:

Ialso sing.

He alsohelpedus. ( truoc dtu thuong)

In verb tenses with many parts, "also" comes after the first part and before the second.

Examples:

I have also been to Hong Kong.

I am also studying economics.

Similarly, since modal verbs are usually followed by a second verb, "also"comes after

modal verbs.

Examples:

Icanalso speak French.

Ishouldalso be there.

Too

USE: "Too" is used in positive sentences to add an agreeing thought. It has the same

meaning as "also," but its placement within the sentence is different.

Examples:

Janespeaks French. SamspeaksFrench too. Ilove chocolate. Ilove pizza too.

Frank can come with us. Nancy can come with us too.

PLACEMENT: "Too" usually comes at the end of a clause.

Examples:
http://www.englishpage.com/modals/modalintro.htmlhttp://www.englishpage.com/modals/modalintro.html


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I am Canadian too.

I can speak French too.

I am studying economics too.

If he wants to go too, he should meet us at 8:00.

IMPORTANT:Although "too" is usually placed at the end of a clause, it can sometimes

be used with commas after the subject of the sentence. This is usually only done in formalspeech.

Examples:

Mr. Jones wanted the contract. Ms. Jackson, too, thought it was necessary.

Donna is working on a solution to the problem. I, too, am trying to find a

way to resolve the conflict.

Either

USE: "Either" is used in negative sentences to add an agreeing thought.

Examples:

Jane doesn't speak French. Sam doesn't speak French either.

I don't love chocolate. I don't love pizza either.

Frank cannot come with us. Nancy cannot come with us either.

PLACEMENT: "Either" usually comes at the end of a clause.

Examples:

I cannot speak French either.

I am not studying economics either.

I don't want to eateither.

I didn't like the movie either.

Confusing Sentences

Sometimes the first sentence is negative and the agreeing idea is positive.

Examples:

The weather wasn't very appealing. Ialso wanted to stay home and finish

my book. That's why I didn't go to the beach.

The car wasn't expensive, and Ineeded(khang dinh) a way to get around


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town too. That's why I bought it.

Sometimes the first sentence is positive and the agreeing idea is negative.

Examples:

Jane is too short. She is not(phu dinh)a good athlete either. I don't thinkshe would make a good basketball player.

He is lazy. He doesn't study either. That's why he doesn't do well in school

14.Adverbs

Form:

Adjective + - ly

Example: politely, quickly, safely, happy happily, easy easily

* There are also irregular adverbs such as: good well; fast fast; hard hard

Use:1. Adverbs can be used to modify verbs.

John walked quickly towards the door.

Sally sat silently waiting for somebody else to speak first.

2. Adverbs can be used to modify adjectives.

The redwood tree was impressively tall.

The blouse was outrageously expensive.

3. Adverbs can be used to modify other adverb She spoke extremely confidently.

The cheetah ran incredibly quickly.

TOO:

Cu khng nh, cui cu.


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Examples:

Janespeaks French. SamspeaksFrench too.

Ilove chocolate. Ilove pizza too.

Frank can come with us. Nancy can come with us too.

i khi s dng vi du phy sau ch t.

Examples:

Mr. Jones wanted the contract. Ms. Jackson, too, thought it was necessary.

Donna is working on a solution to the problem. I, too, am trying to find a way toresolve the conflict.

EITHER:

Cu ph nh, cui cu.

Examples:

Jane doesn't speak French. Sam doesn't speak French either.

I don't love chocolate. I don't love pizza either.

Frank cannot come with us. Nancy cannot come with us either.

I cannot speak French either.

I am not studying economics either.

I don't want to eateither.

I didn't like the movie either.

NOTE:*i khi cu u l cu ph nh, cu sau l cu khng nh.

Examples:

The weather wasn't very appealing. Ialsowanted(khang dinh) to stay home and

finish my book. That's why I didn't go to the beach.

The car wasn't expensive, and Ineeded(khang dinh) a way to get around town

too. That's why I bought it.

*i khi cu u l cu khng nh, cu sau l cu ph nh.

Examples:

Jane is too short. She is not(phu dinh)a good athlete either. I don't think shewould make a good basketball player.

He is lazy. He doesn't(phu dinh) study either. That's why he doesn't do well in

school

Review U9-16 Update1

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