Review Test for Take Home Tests 8-10

Ozone and the atmosphereEarth’s waters

Oceans

1) What physical symptoms are associated with a reduction of ozone in the upper atmosphere?

A. feverB. nagging coughC. difficult breathingD. skin cancer

2) What harmful effect is associated with the "ozone hole"?

A. skin cancerB. heart attacksC. ocean saltinessD. loss of hair

3) Which substance is considered the main cause of the "ozone hole"?

A. carbon dioxideB. chlorofluorocarbonsC. methaneD. water vapor

4) World leaders are struggling to form a global policy concerning the release of greenhouse gases. Which of the following best describes the role science should play in forming public policy?

A. Scientific data should be used to inform public policy makersB. Only scientific data should be considered when making

public policyC. Science has no role in the formation of public policyD. Policy issues are too value laden to include science

5) Why do most climatologists now accept the theory that there is a hole in the ozone?

A. Companies that produce CFCs told them so.B. It is easy to detect just by looking towards the sky at

sunset.C. There is data to support it from more than one source.D. The president of the United States mandated their

agreement.

6) What does the ozone layer protect living things from?

A. ultraviolet raysB. meteors and meteoritesC. bad weatherD. excessive heat

7) (1) In the early 1970s, scientists first proposed that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) could destroy the ozone layer. (2) Since then, scientists have confirmed that CFCs destroy ozone molecules by breaking up the chemical bonds in the ozone molecule. (3) In the mid-1980s, atmospheric studies identified an extremely thin area of ozone over Antarctica as well as a global thinning of the ozone layer. (4) The thinning of the ozone is significant because this layer filters and absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation that influences crop production and causes eye and skin damage.

Which sentence has relevant data to support the argument that CFCs contribute to the thinning of the ozone?

A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

8) Which of the following resources would provide the most accurate and least biased information on the carbon cycle?

A. National EnquirerB. Astronomy TodayC. Sierra Club InfoletterD. Local Newspaper

9) Acid precipitation, global warming, and ozone depletion are problems that are a direct result of air pollution. Because air pollution is difficult to control, government agencies and scientists have met to discuss ways to reduce global air pollution. Which of the following best describes why global discussions of air pollution issues are important?

A. Air pollution problems affect people living on every continent.B. Government agencies are mostly at fault for not decreasing air

pollution.C. Scientists have required that governments take action to

decrease air pollution.D. Science findings have indicated that these problems are

mostly caused by the greenhouse effect.

10) The table at left shows the total CO2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels over the last couple of hundred years. What is the primary cause of the large upswing on the graph?

A. Increase of available fossil fuels in Earth

B. Better procedures for extracting coal from the earth.

C. Importance of coal and oil to our society

D. Industrial Revolution.

11) Which of the following is a question that science alone cannot answer?

A. Should the government pass a mandatory carpool law to decrease air pollution?

B. Do wood burning stoves make a significant contribution to air pollution?

C. Can filters decrease the pollutants put into the atmosphere by refineries?

D. What health risks are increased by daily inhalation of air pollutants?

12. Which of the following is NOT a source of water for people in Utah?

A. ground waterB. streamsC. lakesD. glaciers

13. An oil spill at sea often damages birds and sea mammals but fish are relatively unaffected. What properties of water and oil are responsible for this situation?

A. oil is less dense than water and floats on the surfaceB. oil is darker in color and has a stronger odorC. water is harmless to sealife, oil is a poison to most

thingsD. water floats when it freezes, oil sinks when frozen

14. How does the salt content of sea water affect its usefulness to people? The salt

A. reduces the number of ways people can use it.B. makes it valuable for farming and aquariums.C. makes it impossible for living things to survive.D. makes it as useful as freshwater, just different.

15. What assumption do people make every time they fill a glass with water from the tap and drink it?

A. It contains nothing but pure water.B. It came from a pure mountain stream near the town.C. It contains approved levels of contaminants.D. It may make a small percentage of susceptible people

16. People protect watershed areas in many ways, including placing bans on dogs and horses in the areas near streams. Why?

A. Dogs and horses drink a great deal of water that people needB. The animals' wastes can wash into the streams, polluting

themC. More people will visit the area if they can bring their petsD. Animals frighten wildlife and ruin the natural environmentE. Animals will walk in the water, stirring up mud

17. Which of the following is NOT a problem concerning dams on the Colorado River?

A. they provide irrigation water and hydroelectric power

B. wildlife habitat has been destroyedC. water becomes increasingly salty as it moves

through the systemD. water no longer reaches Mexico

18. The way to save the most water in your home is to:

A. use less water in the yardB. do less cleaningC. use less in cookingD. put a brick in the back of the toilet

19. Jill wants to measure the stream flow volume (amount of water flowing through a stream) of the stream that flows down a nearby canyon. What aspects of the stream should she measure?

A. The width, length, and depth of the streamB. The width, depth, and meters per second flow of the streamC. The meters per second flow of the streamD. The length, depth, and meter per second flow of the streamE. The width and length of the stream

20. Which factor affects the boiling point of water?

A. the amount of air pressure presentB. the latitude of the water's locationC. the longitude of the water's locationD. the air temperature around the water

21. Where is the majority of the Earth's water found?

A. In riversB. In lakesC. In oceansD. In wetlands

22. Why is water called the universal solvent?

A. it can solve any problemB. it can dissolve many substancesC. it is found many places in the universeD. it is part of most living things

23. Which of the following aspects of stream water would NOT affect the types of life that could live in the stream?

A. temperatureB. turbidityC. dissolved oxygen contentD. molecular composition of waterE. stream gradient

24. Water moves against gravity up a tree stem and upwards through soil. What property of water allows this to happen?

A. freezing density B. solubilityC. colorD. capillary actionE. taste

25. Water expands when it freezes. What would happen if water did NOT expand when frozen?

A. Ice would sink, ponds would freeze from the bottom up, and many aquatic plants and animals would die

B. Water would be more dense than wood therefore wood would not float. Beavers would be adversely affected

C. The surface tension would be destroyed. Water striders and other creatures that walk on the water's surface would sink

D. Water would not evaporate therefore clouds would not form. There would be no snow or rain

E. Water would not dissolve many substances. It would be impossible to make root beer or clean bathrooms

26. Use this diagram of a cross section of the earth to answer the following question. Insecticides sprayed on a field near point "C" are found in the well water. How did they get there?

A. they were carried by water flowing through the soilB. they evaporated into the air and were drawn in as the well

pumpedC. the well was open when they were sprayed

27. Use the diagram of a cross section of the earth to answer the following question. If more wells were built and a great deal of water was pumped from them, what might happen to the river?

A. its flow would increaseB. its flow would decreaseC. the wells would not affect the riverD. more snow would melt and maintain the balance

28. Use the diagram of a cross section of the earth to answer the following question. The water table will remain in the same place if

A. losses at "B" and "C" are greater than gains at "D"B. losses at "B" and "C" are less than gains at "D"C. the well at "A" doesn't pump more than "B"D. snow and rain from "D" replace the losses at "A" and

"B"

29. Use this diagram of a cross section of the earth to answer the following question. The line labeled "E" is called the:

A. water tableB. watershedC. recharge areaD. reclamation dam

30. A 9th grade student wants to test the effect of excess fertilizer on algae growth in freshwater versus algae growth in saltwater. The student predicts the saltwater will be more affected. A gram of fertilizer is added to a liter of local pond water in one container and a liter of saltwater from the classroom aquarium in another. Both samples are placed in the same windowsill for a week. Daily observations are recorded. The student's observations are to the left: Was the experiment adequate to resolve the student's question?

A. No, the hypothesis was not correctB. No, careful observations were not madeC. Yes, if the results are reproducibleD. Yes, he used the correct amount of fertilizer

31. Water is placed over a burner until it boils. The graph shows the temperature at each two minute interval. The experiment ended at 20 minutes. Yet, the student extrapolated until 26 minutes. How hot was the water at 6 minutes?

A. 5B. 25C. 40D. 50

32. Water is placed over a burner until it boils. The graph shows the temperature at each two minute interval. The experiment ended at 20 minutes. Yet the student extrapolated until 26 minutes. At what Temperature did the water boil?

A. 35B. 70C. 94D. 100

33. Water is placed over a burner until it boils. The graph shows the temperature at each two minute interval. The experiment ended at 20 minutes. Yet the student extrapolated until 26 minutes. If the water was left to boil for 1 hour more, how hot would the water get?

A. 32B. 96C. 100D. 212

34. What is 2+2/2?

A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

35. (1) The Grinnell Glacier in Glacier National Park, Montana has been retreating rapidly. (2) Photographs taken of the glacier document its reduced size in since 1850. (3) Mountain glaciers are excellent monitors of climate change. (4) The worldwide shrinkage of mountain glaciers is thought to be caused by a combination of climate cycles and increased greenhouse gasses.

Which sentence has data to support the argument that the glacier is shrinking?

A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

36. Which of these reference sources would be the most help if you wanted to find the current status of Utah’s aquifers?

A. Channel 4 weather report.B. Newspaper article “Utah Water Storage

Problems”.C. Utah Division of Water Resources Report.D. Encyclopedia entry on aquifers.

37. What has caused our nation to reduce the pollution in some of its lakes?

A. Scientific studies showing the effect of pollutants on fish and animal life.

B. The fact that most people who swam in polluted lakes got sick.

C. Boats and water sport vehicles were being damaged by the pollutants.

D. Factories that were polluting lakes developed products that didn’t need a water source.

38. Much of Utah’s water flows to California via the Green, Colorado and San Juan Rivers. However, as farmers irrigate farmland in Uintah, San Rafael and San Pete basins, salt is washed into the rivers, tending to make the water less useful for farmers in California. How might this problem be solved?

A. Scientists might invent some kind of distillation or filtering system to remove the salt from the lower Colorado River.

B. Laws could be passed which would prohibit any of the polluted water from going into California.

C. Utah farmers could dump their irrigation water back into an aquifer where it would not do any damage.

D. Time will solve the problem. As the salt polluted water gets to Lake Powell and Lake Mead it evaporates and the salt settles to the bottom of the lakes where it harms no one.

39. Which best describes the future of water use in Southern Utah?

A. The use of computer monitoring will enable us to better recognize water needs and control water distributed to those communities.

B. The decline in growth of cities in Southern Utah will decrease the demand for water in that part of the state.

C. The supply of water in Southern Utah will dry up and the area will become a desert. Everyone will die!

D. Meteorologists will be able to predict and control when storms hit Southern Utah.

40. Utah is mostly a desert. In much of the state there is not enough water from rain and snow to sustain any major farming. Yet dairy, livestock, hay, and grain production is a major source of income for the State. How have the people of Utah tried to solve the problem of not enough water for farmers?

A. We use technology to change the climate.B. The people of Utah save almost all of the water that

comes from rain and snow for farming.C. Farmers only grow plants and animals in the years

when there is ample rainfall.D. We store water and move it around the state through

reservoirs, aqueducts, and pipelines.

41. Where would you expect the greatest number of living organisms per cubic meter in the ocean?

A. in the bottom 10 feetB. in the top 100 metersC. in the top half mileD. in the benthic zone

42. Where would the warmest water in the ocean be found?

A. the poles, on the surfaceB. the poles, deep below the surfaceC. the equator, deep below the surfaceD. the equator, on the surface

43. Where in the ocean would large schools of fish most likely be found?

A. in deep waterB. in areas of up wellingC. near river mouthsD. near undersea volcanoes

44. Which process returns nutrients and gases collected in deep ocean water to the surface?

A. currentsB. rip tidesC. up-wellingD. waves

45. What is the main cause of ocean currents?

A. The prevailing windsB. The Coriolis effectC. SunD. The sun and the moon

46. When do areas of upwelling in the ocean occur?

A. When fish gather for feedingB. When the tides are at their lowestC. When surface water is replaced by deep

waterD. When the currents collide and form

whirlpools

47. What is the main cause of waves on the ocean?

A. currentsB. tidesC. the moonD. wind

48. What is the main cause of ocean tides?

A. currentsB. the sun and the moonC. wavesD. wind

49. What type of changes would you expect as you go down from the ocean's surface to its bottom?

A. Temperature, pressure, light, and density all decrease

B. Temperature and pressure increase; light and density decrease

C. Temperature and light decrease; pressure and density increase

D. Temperature and density decrease; light and pressure increase

50. Ocean organisms have adapted to live in salty water. Chin Li is curious about what range of salinity ocean organisms can tolerate. Which of the following field studies could she conduct to satisfy her curiosity?

A. Expose sea urchin eggs to saline solutions of varying concentrations and collect data on egg survival rates

B. Expose sea urchin eggs to salt water of varying temperatures and collect data on egg survival rates

C. Expose goldfish eggs to saline of varying concentrations and collect data on egg survival rates

D. Expose sea urchin and goldfish eggs to fresh and salt water and collect data on egg survival rates

E. Expose sea urchin eggs to solutions of varying saline concentrations and temperatures and collect data on egg survival rates

51. What do organisms living in the inter-tidal zone (area of land between low and high tides) have in common?

A. they eat the same thingsB. they like the same temperaturesC. they have few predatorsD. they can survive out of water

52. What important function does movement of ocean water provide for living things in the sea?

A. Provides a way for living things to move around

B. Brings nutrients up from deeper waterC. Mixes land and sea organismsD. Allows Earth to have weather

53. Which of the following is NOT a physical dynamic of oceans?

A. fishB. wavesC. ocean currentsD. tides

54. Fish living far below the oceans' surface are rarely or never displayed at seawater aquariums. Why?

A. They are fast swimmers and hard to catchB. The types of food they need are not available at

aquariumsC. They have adapted to intense pressures of the

deepD. Aquariums do not think people will pay to see

them

55. Use the diagram to answer the following question: The feature labeled "A" is called the:

A. ridgeB. abyssal plainsC. continental shelfD. continental rise

56. Use the diagram to answer the following question: Organisms living at "G" would be adapted to which kind of conditions?

A. high amounts of light, high pressuresB. high amounts of light, low pressuresC. no light, high pressuresD. no light, low pressures

57. Use the diagram to answer the following question: The greatest number of living things would be found in which area?

A. AB. BC. CD. E

58. If you had no data other than the map, what evidence could you supply to support the inference that the coast of Spain has a climate like the coast of California?

A. Spain and California are both on the west side of their continents.

B. Spain and California are both part of major continents.

C. Ocean currents flowing near Spain and California both flow south.

D. Spain and California are both in the Northern Hemisphere.

59. Use the map of ocean currents to answer the following question: A boat sailing across the Atlantic Ocean would take advantage of which current on the journey east?

A. AB. BC. CD. D

60. Use the map of ocean currents to answer the following question: How would current "B" affect the land it runs near?

A. increase temperaturesB. decrease

temperaturesC. would not affect

temperaturesD. decrease humidity

61. Use the map of ocean currents to answer the following question: Which current would be warm?

A. AB. BC. CD. D

62. Some scientists agree that global warming is taking place, and as a result, sea levels will rise. What do they recommend people do to prevent this?

A. Reduce fossil fuel consumption.B. Reduce nuclear energy production.C. Increase electricity use in order to reduce CO2

emissions.D. Increase fossil fuel use in order to save

electricity.

63. How has technology increased our understanding of the ocean?

A. Oceanographers use remote sensing satellites to control the ocean currents.

B. Technology has prevented the pollution of ocean waters.

C. Technology has allowed oceanographers to identify plate boundaries and prevent their movement.

D. Oceanographers have used technology to even out the high tides.

64. While walking along an ocean beach, you and a friend find live barnacles and mussels attached to rocks and hermit crabs in shells. You infer that these organisms can live under water much of their life. What data would support this inference?

A. A tide chart showing that at high tide the beach is underwater.

B. The barnacles are anchored to some rocks.C. There are fish swimming in the ocean nearby.D. All three of the animals found have shells.