.

Guided By

Prof. Umang Soni

E & C Dept.PIET Limda

Prepared By

Yatin Rana (130370704518)

Motivation

Introduction

Application

Routing Protocols

Literature Survey

Problem Definition

Proposed Work

Simulation

Work Plan

Reference

Mobile Ad hoc Network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes

forming a temporary network at any time at any place without the

support of any established infrastructure.

There are many potential applications of MANET like disaster

rescue, wireless conference, military applications, etc

MANET is break and make king of network, so no of challenges

network availability, link quality, bandwidth optimization, node

mobility, etc

These key issues for MANET attract the researchers towards the

field of wireless network.

Mobile Ad- Hoc Network (MANET):-

Mobile station can form a network without AP

◦ Rapidly deployable, self configuring.

◦ No need for existing infrastructure.

◦ Nodes are mobile, topology can be very dynamic.

◦ Nodes must be able to relay traffic.

Opportunistic forwarding...

◦ One kind of data forwarding technique targets infrastructure

less environment, where mobile nodes are highly dynamic and

topology is unpredictable.

Key issue…

◦ High Resource consumption and Network Congestion.

◦ Difficult to analyze and controlling its performance.

Fig: illustration of the benefits of opportunistic Routing

•All path in fig face 50% loss. So in

traditional approach reliability is 50%

•With OR, source broadcasts packets

Any node that hear packet can forward

Information

•Probability that none of them hear the

Packet is 0.5*0.5*0.5*0.5 = 0.06, so

94% reliability

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

Node D

Node C

Node B

Node E Node A

Scenario of route table update (A =>D)

Interface node connection

B D Direct

B A Direct

B C Via A

B E Via D

Interface node connection

C A Direct

C E Direct

C D Via E

C B Via A

Interface node connection

A B Direct

C C Direct

C E Via C

C D Via B

This concept can be applied to

Military scenarios

Sensor networks

Rescue operations

Students on campus

Free Internet connection sharing

Conferences

VANET

Routing protocols are categorized mainly in three types

Types of Protocol

Behavior In Network Example

Proactive /

Table driven

Whenever the node active, makes entry of active route

in table. And update table after some stipulated time

DSDV

Reactive /

On Demand

Transmitter will send a route request packet whenever it

needed. Traffic overhead will be less in such kind of

scenario

AODV, DSR

Hybrid In this, Protocol will use strength of both type of

protocol, divide area into zone and use both scenario for

update

ZRP

Changing network topology frequently.

Potentially network partitioning and node mobility.

Limited Power capability.

Presence of varying link quality.

Limited wireless bandwidth.

Limited Security

Title

“An Overview Of Opportunistic Routing In Mobile Ad-

Hoc Network”

Author and Publication Zensheng Zhang; Rajesh Krishnan; IEEE Military

Communications Conference 2013

Conclusion

In this paper, author have discussed open research topics,

routing key issues and area of improvisation like potential

duplicate forwarding, link quality, cross-layer optimization,

throughput , end to end delay, packet delivery ratio, etc…

Title

“Efficient Algorithms for Neighbor Discovery in

Wireless Networks”[]

Author and Publication

Sudarshan Vasudevan, Micah Adler, Dennis Goeckel,

Fellow, IEEE, and Don Towsley, Fellow, IEEE; Networking,IEEE/ACM Transaction on (Volume :-21) Feb 2013

Conclusion

In this paper, Author has discussed neighbor finding

algorithms like collision detection based algorithm,

Asynchronous collision detection based neighbor discovery

algorithm to optimize timing to identify neighbor.

Title “Corridor-based Routing using Opportunistic

Forwarding in OFDMA Multi-hop Networks”

Author and Publication Alexander Kuehne and Anja Klein, Adrian Loch and

Matthias Hollick; IEEE International Symposium on

Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications,

September 2012,

Conclusion In this paper, Author have presented concept of corridor

based routing using opportunistic forwarding in multihop

network. Data is allowed to be split and joined within

forwarding node corridor to exploit diversity and improve

the throughput for specially

Title “Fuzzy Routing in Ad-hoc Network”

Author and PublicationGasim Alandjani and Eric E Johnson; New Maxico State

University; IEEE Conference 2003

Conclusion

The Fuzzy Logic Routing Protocol is used to identify as

many disjoint paths between source to destination as

possible. How to use this paths has been decided according

to traffic importance and network status. This protocol

provide higher reliability and lower delay. Also offer better

performance for all traffic.

• MANET is a decentralized and infrastructure less network where

nodes are mobile and frequently changes their topology. From the

literature survey it has been observed that existing routing protocols

have maximum overhead during neighbor finding also an issue of

link availability while data transmission due to break and make kind

of behavior.

• Parameter needs to be observed are:

• Throughput

• Link availability Time

• Overhead on link

The proposed work is based on AODV (Ad-hoc On Demand

Distance Vector Routing Protocol) routing protocol to optimize link

availability.

The fuzzy routing mechanism is built upon AODV routing protocol

Rules of proposed neighbor discovery

• Do not require to have priory knowledge of number of neighbors.

• Do not require synchronization among nodes.

• Allow nodes to begin execution at different time instant.

• Enable each node to detect when to terminate the neighbor

discovery process.

Fuzzy Based Routing[4]

There is a link break and make type behavior between source to

destination as nodes travel in infrastructure less environment. so less

stable connectivity.

To increase the network availability in MANET, we will try to

implement fuzzy routing mechanism upon AODV routing protocol.

Steps of Fuzzy Technique

◦ Detect link break

◦ Send RERR to upstream direction

◦ As source receive this packet, it removes all entry of broken link

◦ Source will fetch new path from routing table as there exist

multiple path to reach destination

Neighbor discovery Algorithm(Order

Optimal Algorithm)

Reactive(AODV)

Routing Protocol

Fuzzy logic link stability and

availability

Measure Link stability, End to end

delay Link availability time

parameter values

Simulator Network simulator 2.35

Platform Ubuntu 12.04

No of Node 20

Traffic Model CBR

Packet Size 512 byte

Mobility Model Random Way Point

Max Speed 20 m/s

Queue Length 50

Antenna Type Omni Directional

Simulation Time 100 Sec

MANET Network with 20 nodes

Description status

Literature survey Completed

Understanding of AODV optimization technique Completed

NS2 software study and installation and MANET generation Completed

Standard AODV parameter observation In Progress

Analyze AODV with Fuzzy routing Mechanism Remaining

Observation of parameter optimization with different scenario Remaining

Modification and Comparative Analysis Remaining

Thesis writing Remaining

1. Zhensheng Zhang , Rajesh Krishnan Fellow IEEE “An Overview Of

Opportunistic Routing In Mobile Ad- Hoc Network”. 2013 IEEE

Military Communications Conference.

2. Sudarshan Vasudevan, Micah Adler, Dennis Goeckel, Fellow IEEE

“Efficient Algorithms For Neighbor Discovery In Wireless Network”.

2013 IEEE ACM Conference

3. Alexander Kuehne and Anja Klein, Adrian Loch and Matthias Hollick,

“Corridor-based Routing using Opportunistic Forwarding in OFDMA

Multi-hop Networks” 2012 Sept IEEE International Symposium on

Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications

4. Gasim Alandjani And Eric E. Johnson Klipsch school of Electrical and

Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University “ Fuzzy Routing

In Ad-hoc Network” 2003 IEEE journals

Thank you