I ...

VI

This paper not to be cited without prior reference to the author.

INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THEEXPLORATION OF THE SEA

C.M. 1977/B: 25Gear and Behaviour Committee

\

REVIEW OF THE NETHERLANDS' INVESTIGATIONS INTO A PELAGIC ROPE TRAWL.

by

A. Verbaan

Netherlands Institute for Fishery Investigations,Technical Research Department,

P.O. Box 68, Ymuiden, The Netherlands.

r---------------------- -

This paper not to be cited without prior reference to the author.

...

INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THEEXPLORATION OF THE SEA

C.M•. 1977/B:25Gear and Behaviour Committee

•

•

•

REVIEli OF THE NETHERLANDS t INVESTIGATIONS INTO A PELAGIC ROPETRAlVL.===================================;=========================

by

A. Verbaan

Netherlands Institute for FisheryInvestigations, Technical ResearchDepartment, P.O.Box 68, IJmuiden ­The Netherlands •

Introduction

As already mentioned in the "Report of the lvorking Group onResearch and Engineering Aspects of Fishing Gear, Vessels andEquipment" number C.M. 1976/B:7 item 4.3., the research for ropetrawls in The Netherlands started in January 1976. The mainobject was to catch, with this type of trawl, herring on a roughbottom.One of the criteria is that the rigging of rope trawls must bethe same as the rigging of a meshed midwater trawl for the samepropulsive power. In that case it is easy for the fishermen atsea to s\dtch from a common mid\iater tra\d to a rope trawl.

The first rope trawl design was derived from the common midwatertr~il of 434 meshes with a stretched length of 800 mm. Thismidwater trawl is used by vessels with a propulsive power of1100-1300 hp.

During the whole year 1976 a number of different rope trawlswere tested under almost the same conditions and in the samearea \'Ti th the FRV "Tridens". The tests were carried out underfull midwater conditions. In order to compare the differenttrawls, a number of parameters has to be measured simultaneously.The geometry of these trawls, especially of the front parts,could then be determined.In this paper only the most relevant information is given.

Gear ri99inq

The common midwater trawl and the rope trawls were tested withthe following rigging:

• 4.3 m2

Süberkrüb doors of 740 kg weight;100 m upper bridles of 15 mm diameter;100 ~ lower bridles of 21.8 mm diameter lengthenedat the wing tips by 6~4' m chain;weight at wing tips of 450 kg •

- 2 -

- 2 -

During some trials the chain on the lower bridles was lengthenedto 8.4 m and the weight at the wing tips increased to 525 kg~

This gear rigging is commonly used for midwater trawlers with apropulsive power of 1100-1JOO hp.

With this equipment the following gear parameters could becollected simultaneously:

Measurement equipment and collected gear parameters

For measuring the various gear parameters the following acousticequipment was used:

A Furuno ,(ireless netsounder, type FRN-2, mounted in aparavane constructionjA Furuno transponder (converted wireless netsounder)mounted in a paravane construction, and a Furuno recorder;Elac netsounder equipment (two channels) and an ELACrecorder, type LAZ-17-CFT;A seven-channel Elac multi-netsounder and an Elacsynchronous recorder, type MP-2J.

•

•

•

•

•

•

horizontal distancc betweenthe wing tips

vertical netopening

distance of the headline tothe surface

horizontal netopening

vertical distance between thewing tips

horizontal netopening in thesecond netsection/behind theropes

vertical netopening in thesecond netsection/behind theropes

distance of the Süberkrüb­doors to the surface

spread of the doors

~ wireless netsounder

multi-netsounder,starboard netsounderwinch

I2-channel netsounder. equipment; port-side net­

sounder winch

The tension in the ,rarps was measured with two 20-tons load­cells and presented on an analog recorder, Hewlett Packard7404 A.The fishing speed was registrated with a Doppler-log, switchedat "water-track", and presented on the same H.P.-recorder(4-channels).The delivered shaft horse-power was presented on a Philipsanalog recorder.The wireless netsounder and transponder were also used tomeasure the horizontal and vertical distance between theselvedges in the front part of the second netsection reep.

- J -

. ~

•

•

- , -

connection points of the ropes to the webbing.The distances between the selvedges are important data for thedesign of a rope panel.

Those parameters were collected for a range of propulsive powers(1000-1,300 s.h.p.) and lfarp lengths (200-'25 ftms) •Figures 2, , and 4 give an impression how the different trans­ducers were connected in the gear and net.

Characteristics of the different trawls

The investigations started l'Ti th the " meshed" mid\later tra\dhaving a circumference of 434 meshes with a stretched length of800 mm (see figure 5). This trawl is used by vessels having apropulsive power of 1100-1300 hp.The reason ,,,hy the investigations started loli th the "meshed"midwater tra\fl was that the collected data could be comparedwith those of the different rope tra,.,ls. Therefore the trialswere carried out in almost the same area \"ith less influence oftide and stream (near the Canary Islands and in the Gulf ofCadiz) •

The first rope trawl was a converted commonmidwater trawl, asdescribed befor~. The wings and the first panels of 800 mm ofthe original webbing were replaced by nymplex (P.E.) ropes of16 mm diameter (breaking load 2800 kg), varying in lengthbetween 39/42 met res at the selvedges to 17 metres in the centreof upper, lower and side panels (see figure 6).The same rope trawl was also constructed with nylon (polyamide)ropes of 10 mm diameter (breaking load 2080 kg). The table infigure 1 gives an impression of the differences in gear geometrybet'feen the "meshed" mid\later trawl and the various rope tra,,,ls.All vertical dimensions of the first rope tra,d ''Iere betterthan those of the "meshed" mid\fater trawl.

With a propulsive power of appr. 1000 s.h.p., the fishing speedof the meshed trawl was 4.6 knots, while under almost the sameconditions, the fishing speed of the first rope trawl was4.1 knots.The designed horizontal and vertical distance between the wingtips was 54 resp. 44 m•According to the collected data of the "meshed" mid,,,ater tra\dand the 1'irst rope tral'1l a nel., "rope panel" lfas designed andconstructed (see figures 7 and 8).

The frame wires of that "rope panel" lIere assumed to becatenaries. The distance between the l"ing tips lias horizontal39 m and vertical 20 m. The connection points of the ropes tothe lIebbing were supposed to lie in a plane perpendicular tothe towing directions. The length of the ropes could becalculated nOl·1.The nylon ropes (polyamide) have a diameter of 10 mm.

During the tests ,,,ith that modified rope trawl it became clearthat the design values could not be reached. Especially thevertical dimension of the "rope panel" lfere reduced incomparison ldth those of the first rope trawl and "meshed" trill'1l.

- 4 -

•

•

- 4 -

For the above mentioned rcason the designed vertical distancebetween the wing tips was increased from 20 m to 32 m. Thelengths of the side-wires remained the same, so the lengths ofthe nylon ropes had to be adapted (see figure 9). The results,after this modification, were better but especially 'the verticaldimensions did not comc up to the expectations (see figurc 1).

During the last trial, in Novcmber 1976, ,dth the F.n.V. "Tridens"ncar the Canary Islands, the "rc~1e panel" ''las converted. Thehorizontal 'fing tip distance bccame 45 m and thc vcrtical onels20 m (see figures 8 and 10).The philosophy was than, when morc slack is brought in theupper- and lower pancis, the vertical net dimensions increase(balloon-effect).This modification too did not come up to the expectations(see figure 1).

The last days of the trip were used to do some measurements ona rope tra''1l ,'lith a "meshed" upper panel (see figure 11).Therefore the "meshed" upper panel ''las connected to the head­line and the selvedges 'fi thout removing the "rope" upper panel •For the results see figure 1.

In the designs of the rope trawls the elongation ( ~ 1) ofthe ropes was not taken into consideration. In the opinion ofthe Institute we must first of all know what the distributionof the loads in the ropes and selvedges looks like. Thequestion was now how to get that information.

In a laboratory of the Institute of Fishery Products T.N.O. inIJmuiden, the elongations (4\ 1) as a function of the tensionin the ropes and selvedges was determined.The selvedges are made of doubie polyamide rope; 2 x 16 mmdiameter with a breaking load of 2 x 5300 kgf.The tests were carried out with wet material. The ropes andselvedges, from an unused rope trawl, were marked with a fixedlength of 1 metre.During the last trip one haul was made with this rope trawl,only equipped with one netsounder. The shooting and hauling ofthe gear was done very carefully, to provide extreme tensionsin the ropes and selvedges during this operation. After thehaul the elongation of the ropes and selvedges was measured.

In combination with the laboratory test-results and theseelongations measurcd in practice the loads in the differentropes and selvedges could be determined. The lower panel ofthe rope tra'fl takes the main part of the load. Of course thisis only an impression because this measurement could be doneonly once (see figure 12).

Conclusions

The collected data of the different rope trawls indicate thatthe resul ts of the "first" rope tra''1l are the best (seefigures 1 and 6). The intention is to check the measurements ofthat rope trawl in 1977. The catchability of this trawl willalso be tested during a trip in June, the start of the herring­season. Pending these results and the results of thc differentmodel-tests, adecision will be made how to continue theinvestigations in rope trawl design. The Institute also has theintention to do further investigations on a ropc trawl witha "meshed" upper panel.

vdlf.

•

•

.. ..

MEASUREMENT RESULTS===================

Figure 1

Warp length: 275 fathoms

Propulsive Fishing Total warp Vert.dist. Hor.dist. Vertical Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Distance Distance Spreadpower speed tension between the between the netopen- netopen- netopen- netopening of head- of doors of thewing tips wing tips ing ing ing in 2nd in 2nd net line to to the doors

netsection section the sur- surfaceface

"Meshed" midwater 990 hp 4.6 kn 10.3 tonf. 17 m 36.5 m 16.5 m 30 m 14 m 27 m 89 m 72 m 88 m lengtheningtrawl (621 m2) (495 m2) (378 m2) of lower436 meshes x 80cm bridles=8.4 m

"First" rope trawl 1010 hp 4.1 kn 11.1 tont. 19 m 33 m 20.75 m 30.5 m 21 m 28 m 115.5m 98 m 71.5 m weights atDesign wing tip (627 m2) (633 m2) (588 m2) wing tipsdistances 450 kgHor.=54m~2376m2Vert=44m

Rope trawlDesign wing tipdistancesHor.=39ml 780m2Vert=20mj

Rope trawlDesign wing tipdistancesHor.=39ml 1248m2Vert=32m'

1000 hp 4.05kn 10.25tonf. 13 m 36.5 m 15.25 m 28.5 m970 hp 3.85kn 9.7 tonf. 15.25 m 30 m

(475 m2) (457.5 m2)

1020 hp 4.8 kn 8.9 tonf. (19 m) 28.5 m 17 m 26.5 m(542 m2) (451 m2)

12 m16.5 m

14.5 m 23.5 m(341 m2)

96 m97 m

77 m

79 m80 m

53 m

92.5 m93 m

68 m

lengthening= 6.4 mweights=450 kg

lengthening" 8.4 m

weights=450 kg

Rope trawlDesign wing tipdistancesHor.=45m~ 900m2Vert=20mj

990 hp 4.5 kn 9.0 tonf. 17.75m 30(532.5 m2)

m 17.25 m 26 Jll

(449 m2)15 m 21.5 m 80 m 60 m 80 m

Rope trawl with"meshed" upperpanel. Designwil1g tipdistancesHor.=45m~ 900 m2Vert=20mj

1010 hp 4.3 kn 9.6 ton!. 15.5 m 35(542.5 m2)

m 18 m 26.5 m(477 m2)

(ca.23.5m) 82 m 71 m 68 m lengthening= 6.4 mweights=450 kg

.---------------

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