Review of literature final
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Learning about the Seasons
with a 3D Manipulative
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Problem
How can I design a method that helps the students to understand the concept of seasons ?
By
Diana Ergen
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The Seasons is a Difficult Topic to Understand
•Misconceptions
•Methods of teaching
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Why are Misconceptions Difficult to Eradicate from Students Minds?
Studies show that students coming into a learning environment bring their own conceptions of the world (Broadstock, 1993).
Many of these conceptions are highly resistant to change, they are, therefore likely to pass into the adulthood (Baxter,1991).
In order to change students misconceptions it is important to design a teaching method that address these misconceptions and introduced to the students a new concept that is:
Useful Understandable
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Misconceptions
Seasons are explained by the varying distance between the Earth and the Sun (Frede,2008).
Tilt oscillation Hypothesis, students believe that the direction of the axis is not constant.Lacking of understanding at “ the earth rotates along a tilted axis is what causes the seasonal temperature variation, as it affects the angle of incidence of solar energy that travels to the sun”(Lee,2010)
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Methods of Teachingthe Seasons
7 Step Instructional
StrategyThomas, 2011
DiagramsLee,2010
Refutational Modeling Activities
Frede,2010
Technologically Enhanced
EnvironmentYing-Shao Hsu,2008
3D Computer Modeling
Huseyin Kucukozer
A ConstructivistApproach
Baxter,1991
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Seven Step Instructional StrategyStudy: The Reasons for the Seasons by Jeffrey Thomas
1• Present a scenario that is not
well known.
2• Have students predict an
outcome.
3• Have students construct
theoretical explanations.
4 • Have students observe the
outcome.
5• Provide opportunities for
students to modify competing explanations.
6 • Evaluate competing explanations
7• Reiterate the preceding steps
with different data
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Refutational Modeling ActivitiesStudy: The Seasons Explained by Refutational Modeling Activities by Valerie Frede
Show why Misconceptions did not
fit
3 Hypothes
es
1. The earth is closer to the Sun in Summer and further away in Winter2. The rotation axis oscillates.3.The rotation axis is tilted but keeps a fixed direction in space
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Modeling of the Distance
Hypothesis
Modeling of an absence of tilt
Modeling of an oscillatory
movement of the axis
Inversion of the seasons
between hemisphere
s
If the axis were not tilted, the length of the day
would not change.If there were an
oscillation of the
rotation axis, the length of the day
would not vary.
REFUTATIONS
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The Effects of 3D Computer Modeling on Conceptual Change About Seasons and Phases of the Moon by Huseyin Kucukozer
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Results
Students developed a more solid understanding of the seasons, which challenge their previous misconceptions (Thomas 2011).
The refutational activity was efficient in producing conceptual change in a lasting way (Frede 2008) .
The used of 3D computer models for teaching the seasons made a considerable contribution to learning (Kucukozer,2008).
After experiencing, exploring, and manipulating simulations and animations,the students were able to more clearly visualize the phenomenon of seasonal change and to develop their explanations (Ying-Shao Hsu,2008)
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Methodology
The participants in this study would be two classes of 9th grade students at a public school in Westbury School District. The number of students of each class is 27.
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Data Collection Methodology
Pre-test
Post-test
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Quasi Experimental
3D Manipulati
veWithout
3D Manipulative
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Data Analysis Methodology
Descriptive
Statistics
Central Tendenc
y
Mean Median Mode
Variability
Range VarianceStandard Deviatio
n
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Expected Results
The students that would learn the topic of the seasons with a 3D Manipulative would abandon their misconceptions about the seasons and they would be able to comprehend and understand this topic better.