Topic: Solubility and Table G

Do Now: label as soluble and insoluble

1. CH4

2. AgCl

3. C12H22O11

4. NaNO3

5. KOH

Review: Next 3 slides

Water is often used as a solvent

• Soluble = dissolves in water = aq• Insoluble = doesn’t dissolve in water• Miscible = 2 liquids that dissolve• Immiscible = 2 liquids that don’t dissolve

Not everything dissolves in water

How can you tell….?!!!??• Like Dissolve Like

– Water is polar, so most polar compounds will dissolve in water

• Things that dissolve in water– Soluble ionic compounds – use Table F– Acids - start with H except H2O H2O2

• ex HCl

– Bases - metal + OH and NH3 • ex. NaOH

– Polar covalent molecules• Remember polar = asymmetrical = poles

nonpolar = symmetrical = no poles

Determining if an ionic compound is soluble (aq) or NOT

• LOOK AT TABLE F

– LiOH– Cu(NO3)2 – AgCl2

– MgS– NaS2

– KOH

– aq– aq – Insoluble = s– Insoluble = s– aq– aq

• Factors that affect the rate a species dissolves– Increasing temperature– stirring (agitation) – Crushing (smaller particle size)

Solubility = the max amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent

Solubility

• Many solids and gases dissolve in water

• As you increase the temperature, you can dissolve more solid

• Does this work the same with gas?• NOT the same for gases – as you increase temp,

gas molecules KE ? • To get gases dissolve, decrease temperature and

increase pressure

DEMO VIDEO

Summary: Factors Affecting Solubility

• Nature of the solvent and the solute:LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE

• Temperature

• Pressure (for systems with gases)

Solubility curves show the

relationship between solubility and temperature.

• Can you guess which of these compounds are

gases?! How do you know?!

Reading a solubility curve!

Table G tells you the max amount of solute you can dissolve in 100 g of

H2O at a given

temperature

How much H2O is required to just dissolve 100 g NaNO3 at 20C?

89 g

How much KCl will dissolve in 100g of water at 50C?

Problem:

42 g

• On the line – saturated (full, cannot hold any more solute

• Below the line – unsaturated (can hold more solute)

• Above the line – supersaturated (holding more solute then it should – very unstable)

Unsaturated solution

Saturated Solution

Supersaturated Solution (this picture is showing the addition of 100 g of

glucose to 100ml of water at 250C) Note: at 250C, only 91g of glucose will dissolve in 100 ml of water

Let’s see what happens