Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N....
-
Upload
cory-malone -
Category
Documents
-
view
241 -
download
0
Transcript of Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N....
![Page 1: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Review-Molecular Formula
• Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C5H7N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular formula?
• A compound contain 64.9% C, 13.5% H, and 21.6% O. Its molecular mass is 74 g. Find the molecular formula.
![Page 2: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Unit 10:Chemical Equations
![Page 3: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chapter Objectives
• 1. To learn to write chemical equations
• 2. To correctly interpret chemical equations
![Page 4: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Chemical Reactions
• In a chemical reaction, substances join together to form new substances
• The original substances present are called REACTANTS
• The new substances formed are called PRODUCTS
![Page 5: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Discussion of Chemical Reactions
• The general form of an equation is:• Reactants Products• The is read as “yields” or “reacts
to produce”
![Page 6: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Discussion of Chemical Reactions
• A + B C• Substance “A” and “B” react to
produce substance “C”
![Page 7: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Additional Symbols in Chemical Reactions
•+ used to separate reactants or products
•(s) means chemical is in solid state
•(l) means chemical is in liquid state
![Page 8: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Additional Symbols in Chemical Reactions
• (g) means chemical is in gas state• (aq) means chemical is dissolved
in water• *See Table 10-1 in book (page
278)
![Page 9: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Other Symbols
means something is added to the reaction–Usually this is heat
• Pt means a catalyst (Pt) is added
![Page 10: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Skeleton Equations
• Skeleton (Formula) Equation- the rough form of an equation
• It only shows the framework for the chemical reaction
![Page 11: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Write Skeleton Equations
• Sodium metal reacts with Oxygen gas to form solid Sodium Oxide
• Solid sulfur reacts with Fluorine gas to form gaseous Sulfur Hexafluoride when heated
• Nitrogen reacts with Hydrogen to form Ammonia (NH3) gas. Heat is required.
![Page 12: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Types of Reactions
• There are five general types of reactions:
• Synthesis• Decomposition• Single Displacement• Double Displacement• Combustion
![Page 13: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Synthesis Reactions
• Synthesis reactions are also called combination reactions
• A synthesis reaction occurs when two substances combine to form a new compound
![Page 14: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Synthesis Reaction Continued
• The general form of a synthesis reaction is:
• A + X AX• Substance “AX” is the only
substance formed
![Page 15: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Examples of Synthesis Reactions
•2 Mg (s) + O2 (g) 2 MgO (s)
•Fe (s) + Cl2 (g) FeCl2 (s)
•U (s) + 3 F2 (g) UF6 (g)
![Page 16: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Decomposition Reaction
• In decomposition reactions, one substance breaks down (decomposes) into two or more simpler substances
![Page 17: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Decomposition Reactions Cont.
• General Form of Decomposition Reaction:
• AX A + X
![Page 18: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Examples of Decomposition Reactions
• 2 HgO (s) 2 Hg (l) + O2 (g)
• Ca(OH)2 CaO (s) + H2O (g)
• H2SO4 (aq) SO3 (g) + H2O (l)
![Page 19: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Single Replacement Reaction
• In a single replacement reaction (also called a displacement reaction), an element reacts with a compound
•A + BX AX + B
![Page 20: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Examples of Single Replacement Reactions
• Mg + Zn(NO3)2 Mg(NO3)2 + Zn
• Mg + 2 AgNO3 Mg(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 Ag
![Page 21: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Rules for Single Replacement Reactions
•Not all single replacement reactions occur
•You can determine if a reaction will occur by knowing the activity series of metals
![Page 22: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Rules for Single Replacement
• The activity series tell you if one metal can replace another metal in a reaction
• The Activity Series is ordered• Any metal that is above another
metal in the activity series WILL REPLACE the less reactive metal
![Page 23: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Activity Series• Li• K• Ca• Na• Mg• Al• Zn
• Fe• Pb• H*• Cu• Hg• Ag
![Page 24: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Predict if the following reactions will occur
• 1. Fe + H2O
• 2. Mg + LiNO3
• 3. Na + AgCl
![Page 25: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Double Displacement Reactions
• In a double displacement reaction, two compounds react
• The compounds swap elements with each other
![Page 26: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Double Displacement Cont
• Compounds contain a positive and negative part
• In a double displacement, the positive parts swap places with each other as do the negative parts
![Page 27: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Examples
• PbCl2 (s) + Li2SO4 (aq) PbSO4 (s) + 2 LiCl (aq)
• ZnBr2 (aq) + 2 AgNO3 (aq) Zn(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 AgBr (s)
![Page 28: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Combustion Reactions
• In a combustion reaction, a Hydrocarbon (compound containing Hydrogen and Carbon) reacts with Oxygen (O2)
• The products are CO2 and H2O
![Page 29: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Example
•2 C6H6 + 15 O212 CO2 + 6 H2O•*Combustion Reactions
commonly require large coefficients
![Page 30: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Ionic Equations
• Most ionic compound dissociate (or break apart) when dissolved in water to form its component ions
• For example: NaCl (aq) really looks like Na+(aq) and Cl- (aq)
![Page 31: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Soluble Vs. Precipitate
• Soluble means that the compound breaks down into its ions in water
• Ex) NaCl is soluble so it forms Na+ and Cl-
• Insoluble means that the compound doesn’t break down in water
![Page 32: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Precipitate Reactions
• In double replacement reactions, often one of the product will be insoluble
• The insoluble product is referred to as a precipitate
• Precipitate Rules are on the EOC sheet
![Page 33: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Practice• Determine if soluble or insoluble:
• A) NaCl B) K2O
• C) Fe(NO3)3 D) AgCl
• E) BaS F) Cd(OH)2
• G) FeCl3 H) PbCO3
![Page 34: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Ionic Equations Continued• To write a Complete Ionic
Equation:• Write the aqueous substances as
ions (leave any substances in gas, liquids, & solids alone)
• Example:
• AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) AgCl (s) + NaNO3 (aq)
![Page 35: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Writing Ionic Equations • 1. (NH4)2S (aq) + Cd(NO3)2
(aq) NH4NO3 (???) + CdS (???)
• 2. Zn(NO3)2 (aq) + (NH4)2S (aq) ZnS (???) + NH4NO3 (???)
![Page 36: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Spectator Ions
• Spectator Ions-Ions that are not directly involved in a reaction
• Spectator ions show up on both sides of the equation
• Spectator Ions cancel out
![Page 37: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
NET Ionic Equations
• Net Ionic Equation-Indicate the particles that actually take part in a reaction
• The Net Ionic Equation does NOT include spectator ions
• Net Ionic Equations must be balanced according to atoms and charge
![Page 38: Review-Molecular Formula Nicotine, a component of tobacco, has an empirical formula of C 5 H 7 N. The molar mass of nicotine is 162 g. What is its molecular.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042717/56649de65503460f94adefe9/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Write Net Ionic Equations
• 1. (NH4)2S (aq) + Cd(NO3)2 (aq)
• 2. Zn(NO3)2 (aq) + (NH4)2S (aq)