Review in Visual and Auditory Problems
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![Page 1: Review in Visual and Auditory Problems](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062819/577c78a01a28abe054908778/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
REVIEW IN VISUAL AND
AUDITORY PROBLEMS
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EYES
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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY• External fibrous tissue• Cornea• Sclera
• Middle vascular tissue/ visual tract• Choroid• Ciliary body• Iris
• Innermost nervous tissue• Retina
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REFRACTIVE MEDIA OF THE EYES• Cornea• Aqueous humor• Lens• Vitreous humor• Optic nerve• Retina• Optic nerve
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CATARACT• C: aging•Opthalmoscopy• Sx: gradual, painless, central blurring of
vision; decreased color perception•Mgt: cataract extraction
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CATARACT EXTRACTION• Ambulatory• ECCE• ICCE• Supine/semi-Fowler’s • Monitor for cx
• X inc. IOP activity• X special diet• Assist in ambulation
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GLAUCOMA
• IOP = 8-21 mmHg• Closed-angle• Open-angle
•Warning signals• Frequent changing of glasses • Foggy vision• Decreasing peripheral vision• Halos• Difficulty adjusting in darkness• Difficulty doing close work
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MANAGEMENT• Absolute
blindness preventable with early dx and tx• Prevent further
loss of vision
• Drug therapy• Miotic• Beta-blockers
• Filtering procedure• Iridectomy• Trabeculotomy, -ectomy, -plasty
• Laser
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RETINAL DETACHMENT• Sensory portion separated
from epithelial layer• Aging, cx from cataract
extraction, eye injury• Sx: • Floating black spots• Flashes of light• Presence of curtain covering
eyes
•Mgt• Bilateral eye patching• BR on dependent
position• Scleral buckling
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EARS
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HEARING LOSS• Conductive• Problems with
external/middle ear• Faint sound• Know, remove, treat
cause
• Receptive• Loud• Inner ear• Presbycusis
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MENIERE’S DSS• Inner ear; overproduction of endolymph• Endolymphatic hydrops• Triad of sx• Vertigo, tinnitus, unilateral sensorineural HL
• Preceding sx• Feeling of fullness in the ear
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GOAL OF CARE• Position flat/reclined• Kidney basin with wipes• Avoid jarring mov’t. Close eyes.• Low Na•Motion sickness drugs•Mellow music
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RECURRENCE
•Endolymphatic shunt•Labyrinthectomy