Review Grade 11 Art 2012. A French term meaning "low-raised work." Sculpture meant to be seen...
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Transcript of Review Grade 11 Art 2012. A French term meaning "low-raised work." Sculpture meant to be seen...
Review Grade 11 Art 2012
• A French term meaning "low-raised work." Sculpture meant to be seen primarily from one direction -- as opposed to sculpture which is in the round
• (possible used by Van Meer and view painting) its simplest form it consisted of a darkened room or box with a small hole through one wall. Light rays could pass through the hole to transmit an inverted image of the scene outside the room onto a flat surface on its inside (which could be traced by the artist).
• Usually seen in sculpture- devised by the Greeks, rediscovered and copied by the sculptors in the Early Renaissance. the weight of the on one leg, the shoulders and the hips counterbalanced each other in a natural way so the figure does not fall over.
• Effective and dramatic use of light and shade in order to create volume and depth . Used by Leonardo da Vinci
• a method of drawing or painting an object or person that is not parallel to the picture plane so that it seems to recede in space, giving the illusion of three dimensions. Parts get smaller as the go back in space
• A method of painting on plaster, either dry or wet .
• colour and movement emphasized by rapid and powerful brush strokes, textures surface quality
• The technique of blurring or softening sharp outlines by gradual of one tone into another. It creates a smokelike haziness.
• a style of painting characterized by high contrast between light and shade -- emphasis placed on chiaroscuro to achieve dark, dramatic effects. Frequently the main subjects of tenebrist pictures are illuminated by a single source of light, as if a spotlight shone upon them, leaving other areas in darkness.
Bas –Relief
Camera Obscura
Contraposta
Chiaroscuro
Foreshortening
Fresco
Painterly style
Sfumato
Tenebrism – Tenebroso
Printing terms:
• Intaglio prints are categorized as having the image produced from below the surface. A print is made by inking the incised lines and recessed texture of a plate, wiping the surface, placing damp paper over the plate, and running it through am etching press.
• is the simplest and most direct of the intaglio process. The technique consists of scratching into the surface of a lexan plate using a strong, sharp point. The point is used to score the surface, which causes a ridge of lexan-called a burr, to be thrown up on one or both sides of the line. This burr holds more ink than the relatively shallow scratches and contributes a velvety, rich quality to the impression.
• Burr- see definition above
Intaglio Prints, Relief Print, Dry Point
Intaglio Prints-
Relief Print-
Eras
• Renaissance
• High renaissance
• Northern Renaissance
• Baroque
• Rococo
• Neoclassicism
• Romanticism
Renaissance
• the ”rebirth” of civilization (after 1000 years of the middle ages also referred to the dark ages). The Renaissance can refer to the rebirth of classical learning (Ancient Roman and Greek culture) and knowledge or to the ensuing rebirth of European culture. (Started in Florence, Italy)
• Separate Eras- Early Renaissance, High Rennaisiance (Golden Age),
• Northern Rennaisiance (more attention to detail, realism, use of everyday objects and heavy symbolism)( we did Germany, Holland)
Fabriario-Adoration of the Magi
Paolo Uccello : Battle of San Romano- Paolo Uccello : Battle of San Romano- note use of perspectivenote use of perspective
Andrea Mantega- Dead Christ- Andrea Mantega- Dead Christ- note- foreshortneingnote- foreshortneing
Botticelli- Birth of VenusBotticelli- Birth of Venus
Sculpture- Donatello- Sculpture- Donatello- first life size sculpture in first life size sculpture in the round since the round since antiquityantiquity
Controposto styleControposto style
High Renaissance
• Leonardo.
• Michelangelo
• Raphael
Mona Lisa- Leonardo da Vinci
ChiaroscuroSfumato
Leonardo da Vinci- Last supper- fresco, principles of art
Virgin on the Rocks- Leonardo da Vinci
sfumato
Michelangelo-Pieta
Triangular composition
Michelangelo- David
Michelangelo- Sistine Chapel- Creation of Man
Raphael- School of Athens
Raphael -Tondo- Alba Madonna
Northern Northern RenaissanceRenaissance
Jan Van Eyck Jan Van Eyck The Arnolfini The Arnolfini MarriageMarriage
Use of oil paint- Use of oil paint- symboloismsymboloism
Albert Durer- Adam and EveKnown for printing (copper engraving and wood cuts)
Hieronymus Hieronymus BoschBosch
Garden of Garden of Earthly Earthly DelightsDelights
Baroque• 1590-1680• ( started in Rome, Italy)• Emphasis- Religious works• Patron- Church• Style- High Emotion, dynamic• Qualities-Drama, Intensity, MovementItaly• Painter- Caravaggio• Sculpture- BerniniHolland• Rembrandt
Caravaggio- Judith and HolofernesDavid and Goliath
Tenebrism
Bernini- Apollo and Daphne
Rembrandt- The Night Watch
Rembrandt- the Jewish bride
Johannes Vermeer's – The balance
The girl with the pearl earring
Camera Obscura
Rococo• In France Rococo style prominent- light and playful- “Rococo”
comes from the French ‘rocaille’, which means “ a fanciful design derived from the twists and turns of seashells and tiny pebbles.
• Born in Paris (1723-74)• Mood- playful, superficial, alive with energy• Subject matter – fete galante- outdoor romp peopled with by
elegantly dressed young lovers• Shapes- Sinuous s and c curves, arabesque, ribbon-like scrolls-
very ornate (over the top)• Style- Light , graceful, delicate.• -Decorative and non functional• Colours- white, silver, gold, light pinks, blues, greens• - often pearlized• Target audience- French aristocracy
Baroque- still in countries outside of FranceDeath of General Wolfe- Benjamin West
View Pinting- camera obscura
Neoclassicism (1775-1815)• Neo-classicism may be defined as a controlled academic approach to
art.• A serious reaction to the frivolous Rococo, a way of life in
revolutionary times.• Values
-Order, solemn, very conservative• Tone-
-Calm, Rational• Subjects-
-Greek and Roman History, mythology-subject matter illustrated and glorified heroic, patriotic subject matter-allegorical paintings- symbolic of truths or generalizations about human nature
• Role of Art- Morally uplifting, inspirational
• Technique- -Stresses drawing with lines, not colour, no trace of brushstrokes
• Founder--David (France).
• Important features: clear and precise form, simplicity, balanced compositions, and idealized beauty.
• Style- smooth brushwork, surface of the painting appears ploished
• - severely precise drawn figures in the foreground
• -Shallow depth- almost like a bas relief sculpture (Lord Elgin had just brought back the Elgin marbles taken off the Parthenon)
• -Simple compositions not fussy like Rococo
• -Backgrounds usually contain Roman touches
Jacques-Louis David's Oath Of The Horatii)
• Shapes-Arches- tie in composition and add touch of Rome
• Space- shallow depth• Line-emphasized the emphasized the
strong line of the men strong line of the men with the gentle line of with the gentle line of the woman (to express the woman (to express determination and determination and suffering)suffering)
• Emphasis- spot lighting, colour, central, framed by arch, focus on swords in father’s hand
• Balance-father helps balance the strong image of the sons
• Movement- arms reaching for swords
Romanticism• An art movement and style that flourished in the early nineteenth
century. • It emphasized the emotions painted in a bold, dramatic manner.• Romantic artists rejected the cool academic reasoning of classicism
-- the established art of the times -- to paint pictures of nature in its untamed state, or other exotic settings filled with dramatic action, often with an emphasis on the past.
• Name based on a revival of interest in medieval stories known as ‘romances’-stories involving fictional hero’s and great adventures of individual heroism and emotion.
• Classicism was nostalgic too, but Romantics were more emotional, usually melancholic, even melodramatically tragic.
Goya- Third of May
Theodore Gericault -Raft of the MedusaTheodore Gericault -Raft of the Medusa
Liberty leading the People- Liberty leading the People- Delacroix
The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (also known as the Pre-Raphaelites) was a group of English painters and poets, and critics, founded in 1848
•greatly influenced by nature and they used great detail to show the natural world using bright and sharp focus techniques on a white canvas
•Influenced by Romanticism, fascinated by medieval subject matter
•art was essentially spiritual in character
Millais - Ophelia
The period - approx. 1860- 1890
Impressionism is characterized by the use of:•based on the use of color, which has to "draw" the images without resorting to line •a bright palette- limited to pure light colors, black is rarely used •broken brushwork•an emphasis on depictions of contemporary life and landscape. •It attempts to accurately and objectively record visual reality in terms of the transient effects of light and colour.•They escaped to the countryside to paint en plein air (in the open air)
Impressionism
Édouard Manet (who did not regard himself, nor is he generally considered, as an Impressionist, but who supported the Impressionists and was a great influence on them)
Claude Monet (the most prolific of the Impressionists and the one who embodies their aesthetic most obviously)
Edgar Degas (a realist who despised the term Impressionist, but is considered one, due to his loyalty to the group) – known for pastel ballerinas, horses
Pierre-Auguste Renoir – would eventually go back to realism- painted mostly human figures.
Camille Pissarro – Impressionist, also produced pointillism artworks in his latter life
Mary Cassatt (American-born), Cassatt often created images of the social and private lives of women, with particular emphasis on the intimate bonds between mothers and children.
Paul Cézanne – Known for Landscapes and still life- beginnings of abstract art- influenced cubism)
Berthed Morisot- Morisot painted what she experienced on a daily basis. Her paintings reflect the 19th-century cultural restrictions of her class and gender. She avoided urban and street scenes as well as the nude figure andfocused on domestic life and portraits in which she could use family and personal friends as models.
Alfred Sisley
Post Impressionism• Term used to describe everything that
immediately followed Impressionism. Artists took aspects that developed in Impressionism and continued to push them to extremes.
• Post-Impressionists continued using vivid colours, thick application of paint, distinctive brushstrokes and real-life subject matter, but they were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, to distort form for expressive effect, and to use unnatural or arbitrary colour
(approx. 1880 – 1910)
Vision after the Sermon, 1888
Paul Gauguin
Toulouse Lautrec• Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was born on Nov. 24, 1864, in Albi, France. He was an aristocrat, the son and heir of Comte Alphonse-Charles de Toulouse and last in line of a family that dated back a thousand years. Henri's father was rich, handsome, and eccentric. His mother was overly devoted to her only living child. Henri was weak and often sick. By the time he was 10 he had begun to draw and paint. • At 12 young Toulouse-Lautrec broke his left leg and at 14 his right leg. The bones failed to heal properly, and his legs stopped growing. He reached young
adulthood with a body trunk of normal size but with abnormally short legs. He was only 1.5 meters tall.
• Deprived of the kind of life that a normal body would have permitted, Toulouse-Lautrec lived wholly for his art. He stayed in the Montmartre section of Paris, the center of the cabaret entertainment and bohemian life that he loved to paint. Circuses, dance halls and nightclubs, racetracks--all these spectacles were set down on canvas or made into lithographs.
Vincent Van Gogh
Starry Night, 1889
Self Portrait, 1889
His work, all of it produced during a period of only 10 years, hauntingly conveys through its striking colour, coarse brushwork, and contoured forms the anguish of a mental illness that eventually resulted in suicide
Starry Night was painted while Vincent was in the asylum at Saint-Rémy and his behavior was very erratic at the time, due to the severity of his attacks. Unlike most of Van Gogh's works, Starry Night was painted from memory and not outdoors as was Vincent's preference. This may, in part, explain why the emotional impact of the work is so much more powerful than many of Van Gogh's other works from the same period.
Starry Night: Saint-Remy 1889 is probably Vincent van Gogh's most famous painting. Instantly recognizable because of its unique style, this work has been the subject of poetry, fiction, CD‑ROMs as well as the well known song "Vincent" or "Starry, Starry Night" by Don McLean.
Starry Night stands out as one of the most important works of art produced in the nineteenth century.
Expressionismis an art movement of the early 20th century in which traditional adherence to realism was replaced by the artist's emotional connection to the subject. These paintings are often abstract, with the subject matter distorted in colour and form to emphasize the intense emotion of the artist.The search for harmony and form is not as important as trying to achieve the highest expressive intensity.
Edvard Munch (1863-1944)- MadonnaThe Scream
Expressioinism-FAUVISM (Wild Beasts)- Wild Beasts)-simple bright bold colours, loose brush strokes, often distorted forms
Henri Matisse - Green Stripe
German Expressionism- Der Blaue Reiter (the Blue Rider) Dir Blaue Reiter believed in a spiritual renewal that can only be achieved through the individual examination of the design elements.
Wassily Kandindsky
German Expressionism- Der Blaue Reiter (the Blue Rider)
Franz Marc- The Yellow Cow
Expressionism (Italy)
Amedeo Modigliani
Expressionism (Mexico)
Diego Rivera- Liberation of the Peon
Expressionism (Mexico)
Frida Kahlo-The Two Fridas
Cubism an abstract movement in art, developed in the early 1900's It is based on the theory that objects should be captured by showing multiple points of view simultaneously. Forms are simplified and broken apart into planes, then reassembled in an abstract form emphasizing geometric shapes. The planes are sometimes tilted by means of shading. Pablo Picasso – Les
Demoiselles D’Avignon
Braque- Castle at La Roch Guyon (influenced by Cezanne)
Marcel Duchamo- Nude descending the staircase
Futurism (Italian movement) 1909 until the end of WW!) was a celebration of the machine age, glorifying war Futurist painting and sculpture were especially concerned with expressing movement and the dynamics of natural and man-made forms
Umberto Boccopni- Unique forms of Continuity in Space
Artist: Giacomo BallaTitle: The Street Light-Study of Light
De Stijl (the style- mid 1920’s)- cold intellectual approach to design. Dutch for ‘the style’ it was non-representational art with the elimination of all feeling and emotion. Exact opposite of Expressionism.
Piet Mondrian
Brancusi- Birds in Space
Fantasy Art comes from the imagination as much or more than from direct observation of the real world. Like the word implies, it can be an especially wild visionary fancy, unreal, capricious, fantastic, and dreamlike.
Henri Rousseau (1910)
Marc Chagall- I and the Village
Twittering Machine (1922) watercolour/pen/ink 64 x41 cm) MOMA
Paul Klee
Dadaism
Marcel Duchamp- Fountain (1917) Designed to test the policy limits of an art exhibition, it lives on as an enduring test of the limits of art, which was a lifelong project for the master chess player, Duchamp
The French word for rocking horse. A nihilistic movement that arose in 1915 in disillusionment of the First World War and lasted until 1922. It was anti-art and tended towards the absurd in its desire to shock and scandalize. They believed all European culture was decant and devoid of meaning. Members joined but left hurriedly because they could not get along with each other for very longThey randomly incorporated found art from the trash, manufactured items. Illustrations and other items to create new disturbing art that puzzled and frequently alienated the observers..
Surrealism (~1920’s to 1960’s after WW1) explored the subconscious and irrational elements of the human mind. Surrealism was dedicated to the expression of imagination. The essence of surrealism is the dreamworld. The surrealists believed that logic had failed humankind, so they turned to the unconscious and dreams in an attempt to transcend the boundaries of reasonHeavily influenced by the writings of Sigmund Freud, they dedicated their movement to the expression of the imagination as revealed in dreams, free of the conscious control of reason.
Salvador Dali- Persistence of Memory -1931
Rene Magritte- Son of man 1964
Armory Show of 1913 - This was the first large exhibition of modern art in America. It was held in the 69th Regiment Armory building in New York City in 1913. Although the show was soundly criticized by the public and the press, it had a great impact on American artists who were influenced by the works of modern European artists. Among the art exhibited were examples of Symbolism,.Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Expressionism, Fauvism nd Cubism, along with works by numerous American artists, Among those artists whose work was seen in the US for the first time were Wassily Kandinsky Pablo Picasso and Marcel Duchamp (his cubist work).
North American- Abstraction Imagery which departs from representational accuracy, to a variable range of possible degrees
Charles Demut The Figure Five in Gold 1928
Alexander Calder-Lobster Trap and Fish Tail 1939
In the evening I go up in the desert where you can see the world all around—far away. The hours I spend each evening watching the sun go down—and just enjoying it –and every day I go out and watch it again.
Georgia O’Keefe1929
Black iris
Abstract Expressionism
Jackson Pollock Mark Rothco
Pop Art
Roy Liechtenstein Andy Warhol
Colour Field Painting
Mark Rothco Barnett Newman- Voices of Fore
New Realism
Chuck Close
More definitions
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