Review for test 1 2002

Biologic substrates

compare the aphasias, aprosodias, agnosias, and apraxias.

describe the frontal lobe syndromes. describe the Wernicke-Geschwind model of functional

cortical anatomy. compare the information processing by the left and right

hemispheres and role of corpus callosum describe the parietal lobe (Gerstmann’s) and temporal

lobe findings (Kluver –Bucy)

Subcortical

describe the three functions of the hypothalamus describe major components of the limbic system describe the role of peptide neurotransmitters on behavior describe the neuroendocrine influences on behavior describe the common neuroendocrine tests used in

studying abnormal behavior compare and contrast the effects of irritative and

destructive lesions on the ventromedial, lateral, anterior and posterior hypothalamus.

to describe the major components of the reward and reinforcement system as described in the syllabus.

Synaptic Biology

Role of calcium in NT release Ligand gated channels vs transmembrane

NMDA and magnesium Regulation of peptides vs small molecular

weight NT Second messenger systems

Neurotransmitter systems

categories of neurotransmitters and their synthetic pathways

monoamine and amino acid NT metabolism, metabolic products

anatomic projections of the monoamine nuclie

Marker enzymes and locations Effects on prolactin

Sleep

Rhythms vocabulary EEG markers for sleep stages (esp stage

2) and sleep architecture Pacemaker Melatonin and light REM and the brainstem nulcie, PPN and

LC

Memory

Procedural vs declarative Verbal vs visual Anterograde vs retrograde Anatomic relationships Converging vs reverberating circuits Kandel and memory (aplysia)

Stress

Acute and chronic markers DST Effect of cortisol on insulin response

Animal models

Geller Depression models Psychosis models Aplysia Validity Kindling and relation to seizures Effects of antidepressant treatments

Genetics

Endophenotypic expression PKU, HD, trisomy 21, LN syndrome Adoption study methods

Neurobiology of aging

Effect of normal aging on major neurotransmitter systems and receptors

Development

Motor and developmental milestones Piaget

Markers for specific periods Erikson-struggles Temperament Adolescent turmoil, dysfunction

Family

Domestic violence stats Reportability of domestic violence / abuse Divorce

Adult development

Struggles Divorce Sexuality in elderly

Learning

Classical vs operant Fixed and variable reinforcement Premack’s principle and extinction Positive and negative reinforcement Conditioned and unconditioned stimuli

Medical sociology

Describe the basis for cultural and social influences on health and disease

Define culture, society, enculturation, cultural relativism, ethnocentrism, cultural competency, world view. What are common cultural symbols.

What is the importance of subcultural variations for the physician?

Medical sociology

Give an example of the three basic types of health beliefs / systems Western, magical, supernatural?

What is curanderismo? Describe the Melbourne Cancer study, Duke-piedmont study, isreali study of Kibbutz

Describe Whitigo, koro, kuru, latah, piblokto, amok, and mal de ojo / susto

What is the best predictor for poor health? What effects life expectancy the most? What effect does SES have on breast cancer, iatrogenic illness?

Medical economics

What is meant by price elasticity? Describe the RAND study. What is the moral hazard for physicians? …Patients?

Describe market distortions and how they influence the free market? How did ERISA distort the medical market?

What is meant by insurance ratings? What is HCFA? What do they do? What are DRGs?

What percentage of our GDP is spent on health care? How many people do not have insurance at last count?

Medical economics

Which country spends the greatest percentage of GDP on healthcare? Which spends the least?

Which country has the longest life expectancy? Which has the shortest?

Which country has the greatest infant mortality rates? Which has the least?

What is the trend in spending for health care in the US?

What happens to healthcare expenditures when the number of providers goes up in a community?