REVIEW!! Before 1877... American Civil War from 1861-1865 The North wanted to preserve the...
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Transcript of REVIEW!! Before 1877... American Civil War from 1861-1865 The North wanted to preserve the...
REVIEW!! Before 1877... American Civil War from 1861-1865 The North wanted to preserve the Union--The South wanted
independence The big issue was States' Rights The South lost; from 1865-1877 known as Reconstruction! Civil War Amendments: 13, 14, 15 Known as Reconstruction b/c we were trying to put the US
back together, but also to rebuild the South where most fighting had occurred.
Southern way of life and economy was destroyed; many moved West to start over-- African Americans-exodusters!
REVIEW!!! Changes on the Frontier (a frontier is an area that
hasn't been discovered, inhabited, claimed, or cultivated--> new)
Ways Around the Law Jim Crow laws Poll Taxes Literacy Tests Why did they work?? Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 Separate but Equal doctrine
Safety Valve Theory Theory that states
that when unemployment was rising in cities, people moved west to farm and were prosperous. This was driven by the Homestead Act of 1862.
Irrigation was hard because there wasn't a lot of water available. They dug wells, but many of them were hundreds of feet deep.
We had more dollars than we had gold. This caused the value of the dollar to decrease. It led to deflation and prices remained low.
The farmers wanted inflation, which would lead to an increase in prices, and give them more money for their crops.
The Farmers Unite Since farmers faced
so many problems, they began to unite
The National Grange was founded as an effort by farmers to work together for change
The Interstate Commerce Act
This was passed in 1887. It regulated (limited) the amount railroad companies could charge to ship farmer's products.
The Populist PartyThe Grange
Farmer’s Alliance
Populists
1867
Oliver H. Kelley
Declined some in the 1870s
1880
Northern Alliance
Southern Alliance
1892
Political party
aka People’s Party
Rise and Fall of Populism
Populist Platform:
(issues they believe are worth fighting for)
Graduated Income Tax Direct Election of US Senators Increased Circulation of Money Free and Unlimited Coinage of
Silver Government Control
The Populist (Peoples’) Party
Founded by James B. Weaverand Tom Watson.
Omaha, NE Convention in July,1892.
Got almost 1 million popularvotes.
Several Congressional seatswon.
James B. Weaver, Presidential Candidate
&James G. Field, VP
Causes of the 1893 Panic Begun 10 days after Cleveland took
office.
1. Several major corps. went bankrupt.
Over 16,000 businesses disappeared.
Triggered a stock market crash.
Over-extended investments.
2. Bank failures followed causing a contractionof credit [nearly 500 banks closed].
3. By 1895, unemployment reached 3 million.
Americans cried out for relief, but the Govt.continued its laissez faire policies!!
Written by a Farmer at the End of the 19cWhen the banker says he's broke
And the merchant’s up in smoke, They forget that it's the farmer who feeds them all. It would put them to the test If the farmer took a rest; Then they'd know that it's the farmer feeds them all.
Election of 1896
William Jennings Bryan
Populists/Democrats Cross of Gold Speech Silver Backed Currency
William McKinley Republicans Gold Standared
“Cross of Gold”(read excerpt on page 223 in your book)
…You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold!
Democratic Party Taken Over
by the Agrarian Left
Platform tariff reductions; income tax; strictercontrol of the trusts (esp. RRs); free silver.
Gold Triumphs Over Silver
1900 GoldStandard Act
confirmed thenation’s commitment tothe gold standard.
A victory for the
forces ofconservatism.