Review Article An Update on Oligosaccharides and Their ...

Review ArticleAn Update on Oligosaccharides and Their Esters fromTraditional Chinese Medicines Chemical Structures andBiological Activities

Xiang-Yang Chen Ru-Feng Wang and Bin Liu

School of Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100102 China

Correspondence should be addressed to Bin Liu liubinyn67163com

Received 18 July 2014 Revised 25 November 2014 Accepted 2 January 2015

Academic Editor Yong Jiang

Copyright copy 2015 Xiang-Yang Chen et al This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properlycited

A great number of naturally occurring oligosaccharides and oligosaccharide esters have been isolated from traditional Chinesemedicinal plants which are used widely in Asia and show prominent curative effects in the prevention and treatment of kindsof diseases Numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments have revealed that oligosaccharides and their esters exhibited variousactivities including antioxidant antidepressant cytotoxic antineoplastic anti-inflammatory neuroprotective cerebral protectiveantidiabetic plant growth-regulatory and immunopotentiating activities This review summarizes the investigations on thedistribution chemical structures and bioactivities of natural oligosaccharides and their esters from traditional Chinese medicinesbetween 2003 and 2013

1 Introduction

Oligosaccharides and their esters a significant group ofphytochemical compounds are widely distributed in theroots rhizomes stems barks leaves aerial and whole partsof medicinal plantsThey not only serve as the energy storagecomponents but also play a vital role in the treatment of dis-eases Before 2003 there have been a number of reviews andreports in respect to the isolation and structure elucidationof oligosaccharides and their esters from Chinese medicinalplants [1ndash3] but few biological activities such as cancerchemopreventive and protein kinase C inhibitory activitieshad been reported [4ndash6] With the development of isolationand identification techniques [7ndash11] a larger number ofoligosaccharides and their esters have been endlessly identi-fied from traditional Chinese medicines in the past decadesThese compounds have a wide variety of structure typesbecause of the assembly of different monosaccharide unitsthe combination of various linking styles and the existence ofkinds of substituents And more promising biological activ-ities associated with some of the oligosaccharides and theiresters have been discovered In vitro and in vivo investigations

have demonstrated that they displayed antioxidant antide-pressant anti-inflammatory neuroprotective cerebral pro-tective antidiabetic cytotoxic antineoplastic plant growth-regulatory and immunopotentiating activities and so forthThis review aims to provide a systemic summary of thestudies on the distribution chemical structures and biologicalactivities of naturally occurring oligosaccharides and theiresters from traditional Chinesemedicines in the past decadesAmong these compounds the number of oligosaccharideesters is much greater than that of oligosaccharides andthe disaccharide esters are a very valuable source of activecompounds This information may help readers understandthe structure characteristics and therapeutic indications ofoligosaccharides and their esters from traditional Chinesemedicines and offer clues to the development of new drugs

2 Chemical Structures

Phytochemical investigations of traditional Chinesemedicines have shown that many botanical familiesincluding Polygalaceae Liliaceae Asteraceae PolygonaceaeSmilacaceae Scrophulariaceae Asclepiadaceae Arecaceae

Hindawi Publishing CorporationEvidence-Based Complementary and Alternative MedicineVolume 2015 Article ID 512675 23 pageshttpdxdoiorg1011552015512675

2 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Orobanchaceae Acanthaceae Rosaceae Musaceae Spargan-iaceae Leguminosae Equisetaceae Boraginaceae IridaceaeAlismataceae Lamiaceae Araliaceae Rubiaceae OleaceaeApocynaceae Caryophyllaceae Aspleniaceae and Trilliaceaeare rich in oligosaccharides and their esters Oligosaccharidesshow diversified structures because of the type and thenumber of monosaccharides as well as the positionof glycosidic bonds And oligosaccharide esters alsodisplay distinctive structural diversity largely owing to thenumber type and position of O-substituent units includingphenylpropanoid groups (eg coumaroyl feruloyl caffeoylsinapoyl 345-trimethoxycinnamoyl and cinnamoyl)benzoyl p-methoxybenzoyl and p-hydroxybenzoyl groups(Figure 2) Moreover the double bonds of phenylpropanoidgroups possess trans and cis isomeric forms of which thetrans forms widely exist in nature Hence according tothe number of monosaccharides and the characteristics ofchemical structures these oligosaccharide esters could becategorized into 7 large groups

21 Oligosaccharides All compounds of this group (Table 1and Figure 1) merely consist of various monosaccharideswithout O-substituents In addition to the well-knownsucrose 120573-D-glucopyranosyl(1rarr 2)-120573-D-glucopyranoside(1) was isolated from Camptosorus sibiricus [12] Theoligosaccharides of raffinose (3) stachyose (19) andverbascose (21) all of which belong to the Raffinose familypossess one two or three galactopyranosyl units linked tosucrose and have been found in the rhizomes and rootsof Alisma orientalis [13] Lycopus lucidus [14] Rehmanniaglutinosa [15 16] Salvia miltiorrhiza [17] and Scrophularianingpoensis [18] Manninotriose (4) and verbascotetraose (5)consisting of galactopyranosyl units and a glucopyranosylunit have been isolated from Alisma orientalis [13]

Five oligosaccharides comprising 1-kestose (6) nystose(7) 1-120573-fructofuranosylnystose (8) hexasaccharide (9) andheptasaccharide (10) consisting of fructofuranose and glu-copyranose have been isolated from the aerial parts and rootsof Gynura divaricata subsp formosana [19] Morinda offici-nalis [20ndash22] Saussurea lappa [23] and Aralia cordata [24]Two water-soluble oligosaccharides (11 12) composed of twoor three types of monosaccharides including glucopyranosefructopyranose and fructofuranose have been obtained fromthe whole plants of Blumea riparia [25 26]

Besides malto-oligosaccharides (17 119899 = 0sim8) consist-ing of 120572-D-glucopyranosyl residues assembled by (1rarr 4)-linkages and inulo-oligosaccharides (18 119899= 1sim3) consisting ofonly fructosyl residues formed by (2rarr 1)-linkages have beenfound in the roots of Panax ginseng [27 28] and Morindaofficinalis [20] respectively Three noteworthy oligosaccha-rides (2 13 14) formed by 120572-D-glucopyranosyl units with(1rarr 6)-linkages and a (1rarr 4)-linkage have been found in theroots of Panax ginseng [28] And two linear oligosaccharidestermed heptasaccharide (15) and octasaccharide (16) consist-ing of glucose and mannose monomers were identified fromthe rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var yunnanensis [29 30]A pentasaccharide stellariose (20) consisting of a raffinosebackbone with two galactosyl residues bound to the fructosyl

and glucosyl moieties was identified from the stems ofStellaria media [31]

Oligosaccharides (Table 1) are composed of seven kindsof deoxyhexoses including cymaropyranose canaropyra-nose digitoxopyranose oleandropyranose digitalopyranosecymaropyranurolactone and oleandronic acid-120575-lactoneOleandronic acid-120575-lactone exhibits the boat and chair con-formations The hydroxyl methyl and acetyl groups arelocated at the equatorial (e) and axial (a) bonds in the chairconformation of deoxyhexoses These oligosaccharides wereisolated from the traditional Chinesemedicines including theroots of Periploca forrestii the root barks of P sepium thestems of P calophylla and the barks of Parabarium huaitingii

22 Oligosaccharide Esters

221 Phenylpropanoid-Derived Disaccharide Esters Phenyl-propanoid-derived disaccharide esters (Table 2 and Figure 3)account for a considerable proportion of oligosaccharideesters and mainly possess a core of sucrose carryinga varying number of O-substituents including phenyl-propanoid groups acetyl benzoyl p-methoxybenzoyl andp-hydroxybenzoyl groups Phenylpropanoid substituents arejust present at 11015840 31015840 41015840 61015840 positions of 120573-D-fructofuranosylunit in compounds 35ndash97 whereas they appear at 2 3 46 positions of 120572-D-glucopyranosyl moiety in compounds98ndash101 Moreover compounds 76ndash97 are mainly esterifiedwith acetyl groups along with a phenylpropanoid sub-stituent coumaroyl feruloyl or 345-trimethoxycinnamoylgroup Interestingly the phenylpropanoid substituents areonly attached to the 31015840 position of sucrose The twosugar rings of compounds 102ndash128 both possess phenyl-propanoid substituents These oligosaccharide esters havebeen found in the roots and rhizomes of Polygala tricornisP tenuifolia Fagopyrum tataricum Scrophularia ningpoensisCynanchum amplexicaule Smilax riparia Paris polyphyllavar yunnanensis Smilacis glabrae Fagopyrum dibotrys andSparganium stoloniferum the underground parts of Tril-lium kamtschaticum the stems of Polygonum sachalinensisP cuspidatum P hydropiper Smilax china and Calamusquiquesetinervius the aerial parts of Polygala sibirica Smilaxbracteata Heterosmilax erythrantha and Musella lasiocarpathe leaves of Persicaria hydropiper and Polygonum hydropiperthe whole plants of Bidens parviflora and Polygala hongkon-gensis and the flower buds of Prunus mume

Cistanoside F (129) has been found in the stems ofCistanche tubulosa [80] and C sinensis [81] the barks of Pau-lownia tomentosa var tomentosa [82] and the aerial partsof Acanthus ilicifolius [83] Cistanoside I (130) has alsobeen isolated from the stems of the Cistanche plants [84]Both of them are composed of glucosyl and rhamnosylgroups connected by a 1rarr 3 glycosidic bond In addi-tion 661015840-sucrose ester of (1120572212057231205734120573)-34-bis(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-12-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid (131) with a bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclobutanedicarboxyl group as the acyl unitin the molecule structure was isolated from the whole plantsof Bidens parviflora [61]

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 3

Table1Oligosaccharides

No

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6Source

Parts

Reference

22PerifosaccharideA

OH(e)

OCH

3(e)

HOH(e)

OH

APerip

loca

forrestii

Roots

[32]

23PerifosaccharideB

OH(e)

OCH

3(a)

HOH(e)

OH

APerip

loca

forrestii

Roots

[32]

24PerifosaccharideC

OH(e)

OCH

3(e)

HOH(e)

OCH

3A

Perip

loca

forrestii

Roots

[32]

25PerifosaccharideD

OAc

(e)

OCH

3(e)

HOH(e)

OH

APerip

loca

forrestii

Roots

[32]

26Peris

accharideA

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OAc

OH(e)

OCH

3A

Perip

loca

sepium

Root

barks

[33]

27Peris

accharideB

OAc

(e)

OCH

3(a)

HOH(e)

OH

APerip

loca

sepium

Perip

loca

calophylla

Root

barks

[3334]

28Peris

accharideC

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OAc

OCH

3(a)

OH

APerip

loca

sepium

Root

barks

[33]

29Peris

accharideD

OAc

(e)

OCH

3(a)

HOH(e)

OCH

3A

Perip

loca

calophylla

Stem

s[34]

30Peris

esaccharideB

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OAc

OH(e)

OCH

3C

Perip

loca

sepium

Root

barks

[35]

31Peris

esaccharideC

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OH

OCH

3(a)

OCH

3C

Perip

loca

sepium

Root

barks

[35]

32Peris

esaccharideD

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OH

OCH

3(a)

OH

CPerip

loca

sepium

Root

barks

[35]

33Peris

esaccharideE

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OAc

OH(e)

OH

CPerip

loca

sepium

Root

barks

[35]

34

Cymarop

yranurolactone

4-O-120573-D

-digita

lopyrano

syl-

(1rarr4)-O

-120573-D

-cymarop

yranosyl-(1rarr4)-O

-120573-

D-oleandrop

yranosyl-(1rarr4)-

O-120573-D

-cym

arop

yranoside

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OH

OCH

3(e)

OCH

3B

Parabariu

mhu

aitin

gii

Barks

[36]

SeeS

chem

e1


R1

R2 R3

R4

R5

R6

O OO

OO

O

O

OO

O O OO

O

O

O

OCH3

H3COH3CO

H3CO

A oleandronic acid-120575-lactone B cymaropyranurolactone C oleandronic acid-120575-lactone

Scheme 1

222 Fatty Acid-Derived Disaccharide Esters Eight mono-substituted disaccharide esters (Table 3) with a sucrose moi-ety possess six different types of fatty acid residues whichattach to the 6 or 61015840 position of sucrose These fatty acidsinclude linoleic acid palmitic acid linolenic acid myris-tic acid hexadeca-71013-trienoic acid and hexadeca-710-dienoic acid The above sucrose fatty acid esters have beenfound in the rhizomes of Astragalus membranaceus and theroots of Equisetum hiemale

223 Lignan-DerivedDisaccharide Esters Six lignan-deriveddisaccharide esters (Figure 4) contain a sucrose core esterifiedwith different lignan residues covalently linked to the 31015840and 61015840 positions of 120573-D-fructofuranosyl unit and have beenisolated from the whole parts of Trigonotis peduncularis [85]and the aerial parts of Eritrichium rupestre [86]

224 Phenylpropanoid-Derived Trisaccharide Esters Inthis group all oligosaccharide esters consist of threemonosaccharides including glucopyranose fructofuranoseand rhamnopyranose with O-substituents which compriseferuloyl sinapoyl and 345-trimethoxycinnamoyl groupsOligosaccharide esters (146ndash149) listed in Table 4 as well askankanose (150) cistantubulose A

1A2(151) cistansinensose

A1A2(152) and compound 153 shown in Figure 5 have

been found in the roots of Polygala tricornis [37] the stemsof Cistanche tubulosa [81 87] and C sinensis [80] the wholeparts of Boschniakia rossica [88] and the rhizomes of Irisbrevicaulis [89]

225 Phenylpropanoid-Derived Tetrasaccharide Esters Phe-nylpropanoid-derived tetrasaccharide esters (154ndash159)(Table 5) consisting of three glucopyranosyl units and afructofuranosyl unit have been identified from the rootsof Polygala tricornis The nonsugar moieties of theseoligosaccharides include coumaroyl feruloyl sinapoyl and345-trimethoxycinnamoyl groups

226 Phenylpropanoid-Derived Pentasaccharide Esters Asshown in Table 6 oligosaccharide esters (160-179) possess-ing a skeleton of five sugar residues have been isolatedfrom the roots of Polygala tenuifolia The sugar residues

are composed of two types of monosaccharides includ-ing fructofuranose and glucopyranose which are esterifiedwith acetyl benzoyl rhamnose-substitutednonsubstitutedcoumaroyl and rhamnose-substitutednonsubstituted feru-loyl groups Other than that a structure-complex oligosac-charide polyester shown in Figure 5 polygalajaponicose I(180) consisting of a pentasaccharide backbone esterifiedwith feruloyl coumaroyl rhamnosyl-coumaroyl acetyl andbenzoyl groups has been obtained from the roots of Pjaponica [90]

227 Others Polygalatenosides AndashC (181ndash183) (Figure 6)containing a galactosyl unit and a polygolitosyl unit esterifiedwith benzoyl groups at 3 4 and 6 positions have been foundin the roots of Polygala tenuifolia [91] Three sucrose estersincluding polygalatenoside D (190) telephiose F (191) and6-O-benzoylsucrose (192) possess one benzoyl group twobenzoyl groups and a p-methoxybenzoyl group respectivelyThey were isolated from the roots of P tenuifolia [91] thewhole plants of P telephioides [92] and the roots of P tricornis[37] Six trisaccharide esters named telephioses AndashE and G(184ndash189) with substituents of acetyl and benzoyl groupswere isolated from the whole plants of P telephioides [92 93]Moreover a trisaccharide ester (193) pubescenside A fromthe flowers of Syringa pubescens possesses a fatty acid residue[94]

3 Biological Activities ofOligosaccharides and Their Esters

The oligosaccharides and oligosaccharide esters from Chi-nese medicinal plants are important products with diver-sified structures which have triggered an increasing num-ber of studies carried out on the isolated compoundsAnd thus diverse pharmacological activities have beenproved Among the isolated compounds oligosaccharidesphenylpropanoid-derived disaccharide esters and trisaccha-ride esters fatty acid-derived disaccharide esters and othersfrom the families Polygonaceae Asclepiadaceae RubiaceaePolygalaceae Liliaceae Smilacaceae Arecaceae Oroban-chaceae Scrophulariaceae Acanthaceae Rosaceae Sparga-niaceae Leguminosae and Equisetaceae have shown sig-nificant pharmacological activities including antioxidant


1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

13 14 15

16 17

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OH

OO

O

OOO

HOHO

HO

HOHO CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2

2

2

3

4 5

5

66

6n

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHO O

O

OO

HO

HO

HO HO

HO

HO

OH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OHO

HOHO

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OHO

O

OO

OO

HO

HOHO

HOHO

HOHO

OHCH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HOHO HO

HOHO

HOHO

2

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO

HOHO

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO HO

HOHO

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HO

HO HO

HOHO

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO HO

HOHO

CH2

OH

OH

OH OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO HO

HOHO

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

O

OO

O

OHO

HO

HOHO

HO

OH

OH

OH OHOH

OH

O

OO

O

OHO

HO

HOHO

HO

OH

OH OH

OH

OH

OH

OO

O O

O

HOHO HO

HO

HO

OH

OH OH

OH

OH

OO

O O

O

HOHO HO

HO

HOHO OH

OH

OH OHOH

OH

O

OO

O

O

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

Figure 1 Continued


18 19

20 21

2

n

OH

OH

H

OH

OH

OH

OH

OO

O

O

O

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

CH2OH

OH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OH

OH

O

OO

HO

HOHO

HO

CH2OH

OH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OH

OH

O

OO

HO

HOHO

OH

OH

OHOHO

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHO

O

O

O

O

O

O

HO

HO

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH O

Figure 1

D benzoyl E p-methoxybenzoyl F p-hydroxybenzoyl G coumaroyl

I feruloyl J caffeoyl K sinapoyl

L 345-trimethoxycinnamoyl M cinnamoyl

O

O

O

O O O

OO

O

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OH

OHOH

OHOHOH

Figure 2


Table2Ph

enylprop

anoid-deriv

eddisaccharid

eeste

rs

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

35Sibiric

oseA

6H

HH

HK

HH

HPolyg

alatricornis

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

Root

barks

[37ndash40

]

3631015840-O

-FeruloylsucroseSibiricose

A5

HH

HH

IH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Trillium

kamtsc

haticum

Roots

Und

ergrou

ndparts

[38ndash42]

37GlomeratoseA

HH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

38LapathosideD

HH

HH

GG

HH

Polyg

onum

sachalinense

Stem

s[43]

39Helo

niosideA

HH

HH

II

HH

Trillium

kamtsc

haticum

Smila

xbracteata

Paris

polyphylla

varyunn

anensis

Und

ergrou

ndparts

Aeria

lparts

Roots

[4144

45]

40Helo

niosideB

AcH

HH

II

HH

Smila

xbracteata

Smila

xchina

Smila

xrip

aria

Heterosmila

xerythrantha

Aeria

lparts

Stem

sRo

otsa

ndrhizom

es

[4446

ndash48]

41Paris

polysid

eFH

HH

HG

IH

HPa

risPolyphylla

varyunn

anensis

Rhizom

es[4950]

42Hydropiperosid

eH

HH

HG

GH

GPolyg

onum

sachalinense

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Persica

riahydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

[435152]

43Tricorno

seB

DAc

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

44Tenu

ifolisideA

FH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Polygalahongkongensis

Polyg

alasib

irica

Roots

Who

leplants

Aeria

lparts

[3840

4253ndash

56]

45Tataris

ideA

AcH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

46Tataris

ideE

HH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

47Tataris

ideG

HH

HH

IG

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

48Sm

iglasid

eAAc

AcH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

49Sm

iglasid

eBAc

HH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

50Sm

iglasid

eEAc

HH

AcI

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

51Sm

ilasid

eAAc

AcH

HI

IH

HSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

52Sm

ilasid

eBH

HH

AcI

IH

HSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

53Sm

ilasid

eCH

HH

HI

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

54Sm

ilasid

eDH

HH

HI

IAc

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

55Sm

ilasid

eEAc

HH

HI

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Smila

xchina

Aeria

lparts

Stem

s[4446

]

56Sm

ilasid

eFAc

HH

AcG

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

57Sm

ilasid

eGH

HH

HG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

58Sm

ilasid

eHH

HH

AcG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

59Sm

ilasid

eIAc

HH

HG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

60Sm

ilasid

eJH

HH

HG

IH

ISm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

61Sm

ilasid

eKH

HH

AcI

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

62Sm

ilasid

eLH

HH

HI

IH

ISm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

63Sm

ilasid

eMAc

HH

AcCis-feruloyl

IH

HSm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

64Sm

ilasid

eNAc

HH

AcI

Cis-

feruloyl

HH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

65Sm

ilasid

ePH

HH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

66310158404101584061015840-O

-Tri-

feruloylsucrose

HH

HH

II

IH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rhizom

esand

roots

[60]

6761015840-O

-Cou

maroylsu

crose

HH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

6811015840 -O-C

oumaroyl-61015840-O

-feruloylsucrose

HH

HH

HI

HG

Smila

xbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

694-O-Benzoyl-31015840-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

HD

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

706-O-Benzoyl-31015840-O

-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

DH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

716-O-Benzoyl-31015840-O

-sin

apoylsu

crose

DH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

726-O-p-M

etho

xybenzoyl-31015840-O

-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

EH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[56]

7326-Di-a

cetyl-3101584061015840-di-

feruloylsucrose

AcH

HAc

II

HH

Smila

xchina

Smila

xrip

aria

Heterosmila

xerythrantha

Stem

sRo

otsa

ndrhizom

esAe

rialp

arts

[46ndash

4859]

7426-Di-a

cetyl-31015840-O

-cis-feruloy-

61015840-tr

ans-feruloylsucrose

AcH

HAc

Cis-feruloy

IH

HSm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

7526-Di-a

cetyl-31015840-O

-tran

s-feruloy-

61015840-cis-feruloylsucrose

AcH

HAc

ICis-

feruloyl

HH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

76Re

galosid

eAAc

HH

HI

HH

HTrillium

kamtsc

haticum

Und

ergrou

ndparts

[41]

77Tricorno

seA

AcH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

78Mum

eose

AH

HH

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

79Mum

eose

BAc

HAc

HG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

80Mum

eose

CAc

HAc

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

81Mum

eose

DAc

AcAc

AcG

HH

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

82Mum

eose

EAc

AcAc

AcCis-

coum

aroyl

HH

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

83Mum

eose

FAc

AcAc

HG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

84Mum

eose

GAc

HAc

HG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

85Mum

eose

HH

HAc

AcG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

86Mum

eose

IAc

AcAc

HG

AcH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

87Mum

eose

JAc

AcAc

AcG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63 ]

88Mum

eose

KH

HAc

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

89Mum

eose

LAc

HAc

AcG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

90Mum

eose

MAc

AcAc

HG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

91Mum

eose

NAc

AcAc

HG

AcAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

92Mum

eose

OAc

HAc

AcG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

9311015840 2346-O-Penta-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-cou

maroylsu

crose

AcAc

AcAc

GH

HAc

Musellalasio

carpa

Aeria

lparts

[65]

9411015840 2346-O-Penta-acetyl-31015840-O

-cis-cou

maroylsu

crose

AcAc

AcAc

Cis-

coum

aroyl

HH

AcMusellalasio

carpa

Aeria

lparts

[65]

9511015840 236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-cis-

feruloylsucrose

AcH

AcAc

Cis-feruloyl

HH

AcSparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[66]

9611015840 246-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-fe

ruloylsucrose

AcAc

HAc

IH

HAc

Sparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[66]

9711015840 236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-fe

ruloylsucrose

AcH

AcAc

IH

HAc

Sparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[67]

98Sibirio

sideA

MH

HH

HH

HH

Scrophularianingpoensis

Roots

[68]

99SibricoseA

1K

HH

HH

HH

HCy

nanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

[69]

100

6-O-C

affeoylsucrose

JH

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]

101

Acretosid

eI

HH

HH

HH

HScrophularianingpoensis

Roots

[68]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

102

Tenu

ifolisideB

FH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[4256]

103

Tenu

ifolisideC

KH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[374256]

104

Heterosmilasid

eH

HI

HH

IH

HHeterosmila

xerythrantha

Aeria

lparts

[48]

105

Quiqu

esetinerviusideA

HI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

106

Quiqu

esetinerviusideB

AcI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

107

Quiqu

esetinerviusideC

HI

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

108

Quiqu

esetinerviusideD

AcG

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

109

Quiqu

esetinerviusideE

HG

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

110

Vanicosid

eAI

HH

AcG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Polyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[51527172]

111

Vanicosid

eBI

HH

HG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Persica

riahydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[4351527172]

112

Vanicosid

eDG

HH

HG

GH

GPersica

riahydropiper

Leaves

[51]

113

Vanicosid

eEI

AcH

AcG

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

114

LapathosideA

IH

HH

GG

HI

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Fagopyrum

dibotrys

Stem

sRh

izom

es[5173]

115

LapathosideC

IH

HH

GG

HH

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Stem

s[4352]

116

DibosideA

GH

HH

GI

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umFagopyrum

dibotrys

Roots

Rhizom

es[57]

117

Hidropiperosid

eAI

HH

HH

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

118

Hidropiperosid

eBI

HH

AcG

GH

IPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

119

Tataris

ideB

IH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

120

Tataris

ideC

IAc

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

121

Tataris

ideD

GH

HAc

GI

HH

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

122

Tataris

ideF

GH

HH

II

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

123

310158406-O

-Di-sinapoylsu

crose

KH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis


Polyg

alasib

irica

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Cynanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

Root

barks

Who

leplants

Aeria

lparts

[37ndash394153ndash

566974]

124

661015840-O

-Di-c

oumaroylsu

crose

GH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

125

11015840 3101584061015840-O

-Tri-

coum

aroyl-6

-feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

126

3101584061015840-O

-Di-c

oumaroyl-110158406-O

-di-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

127

31015840-O

-Cou

maroyl-11015840610158406-O

-tri-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

IG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

128

11015840 31015840610158406-O

-Tetra-fe

ruloylsucrose

IH

HH

II

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

SeeS

chem

e2


131130129

CH2OHOH

OH

OO

OH

C

C

HH

HHO

OO

O

HO

HOHO

HO

HOOH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

HO

OH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

Figure 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

Scheme 2

antidepressant cytotoxic antineoplastic anti-inflammatoryantidiabetic plant growth-regulatory neuroprotective andcerebral protective activities Lignan-derived disaccharideesters phenylpropanoid-derived tetrasaccharide esters andpentasaccharide esterswith biological activities have not beenreported Aside from the isolated constituents oligosaccha-ride mixtures from Rehmannia glutinosa Panax ginseng andScrophularia ningpoensiswere also reported to display diversepharmacological activities such as antidiabetic immunopo-tentiating enhanced memory and antineoplastic activitiesThese active compounds and mixtures could serve as thevaluable candidates to be developed as possible drugs for thetreatment and prevention of diseases

31 Antioxidant Activity The adverse effects of oxidativestress proposed to play significant roles in the pathogenesis ofcardiovascular diseases atherosclerosis hypertension can-cer diabetes mellitus neurodegenerative diseases rheuma-toid arthritis ischemiareperfusion injury and ageing havebecome an inevitable and serious issue [95 96] Scientistshave thus made great efforts to explore antioxidants frommedicinal plants by using different kinds of assay methodswhich include DPPH radical scavenging assay hydroxylradical scavenging assay superoxide anion scavenging assayand ABTS radical scavenging method [96]

Lapathosides C and D hydropiperoside vanicoside Bhidropiperosides A and B lapathoside A and diboside Awere isolated from the Polygonum Persicaria and Fagopyrumgenera belonging to the Polygonaceae family The DPPH testrevealed that free radical-scavenging activity of the isolatedcompounds termed lapathoside C (115) hydropiperoside(42) vanicoside B (111) and lapathoside D (38) increasedin turn and lapathoside D exhibited strongest scavengingability with an IC

50of 0088 120583M [43] Hidropiperosides A

and B (117 118) were reported to show obvious antioxidantresponse to DPPH radicals with the SC

50values of 234

and 267 120583gmL respectively while vanicoside E moderatelyexhibited the same activity with a SC

50value of 490 120583gmL

[72] Lapathoside A (114) and diboside A (116) just showedlower antioxidant activities with the SC

50values of 19948 and

16552 120583M respectively [73]Smiglasides A and B smilaside P 26-di-acetyl-3101584061015840-

di-feruloylsucrose helonioside B smilasides GndashL and het-erosmilaside were isolated from the Heterosmilax and Smi-lax genera Compared with ascorbic acid (IC

5014352 120583M)

used as positive control smiglasides A and B and smi-laside P (48 49 65) (IC

5033958 33066 and 31449 120583M

resp) showed higher antioxidant activities than 26-di-acetyl-3101584061015840-di-feruloylsucrose (73) and helonioside B (40) (IC

50

63166 and 51827120583M resp) [47] Additionally Nhiem et alreported that helonioside B heterosmilaside (104) and 26-di-acetyl-3101584061015840-di-feruloylsucrose exhibited important DPPHradical scavenging activities with the SC

50values of 91 127

and 87 120583gmL respectively [48] Compared with smilasidesG-I (57ndash59) (ED

50685ndash794120583M) smilasides JndashL (60ndash62)

showed higher radical scavenging activities with an ED50

value of 267ndash327120583M [44]Five quiquesetinerviusides AndashE (105ndash109) isolated from

the Calamus genus showed weak DPPH scavenging activ-ities (IC

50604ndash1018120583M) but exhibited better hydroxyl

radical scavenging activities (IC50

36ndash84 120583M) Moreoverquiquesetinerviuside C showed superoxide anion scaveng-ing activity with an IC

50value of about 1843 120583M [70]

Liu et al investigated the antioxidant capacity of 310158406-O-di-sinapoylsucrose (DISS) (123) by using the acceleratedsenescence-prone short-lived mice (SAMP) in vivo Theanalyses indicated that the activities of antioxidant enzymesof SOD and glutathione peroxidase ascended obviously inSAMP mice when amended with DISS 50mgkg MoreoverDISS could downregulate and even restore the level ofmalondialdehyde in SAMP model group [97]

From the above studies it can be concluded that oligosac-charide esters with antioxidant activities have been identifiedin the Polygonaceae Liliaceae Smilacaceae and Arecaceaefamilies The results of the antioxidant assays show that theincreased number of phenolic hydroxyl groups and acetylgroups could produce higher antioxidant activity Fan etal indicated that the increased number of phenylpropanoidgroups was not beneficial to free radical scavenging activity[43] Zhang et al pointed out that oligosaccharide esters withferuloyl groups exhibited better antioxidant activities thanthose with coumaroyl groups [44]


Table 3 Fatty acid-derived disaccharide esters

Number Name R1 R2 Source Parts Reference132 61015840-O-Linoleylsucrose H O Astragalus membranaceus Roots [77]133 61015840-O-Palmitoylsucrose H P Astragalus membranaceus Roots [77]134 6-O-Palmitoylsucrose P H Astragalus membranaceus Roots [77]

135 61015840-O-Linolenoylsucrose H N Astragalus membranaceusEquisetum hiemale

RootsAerial parts [77 78]

136 6-O-Linoleylsucrose O H Astragalus membranaceus Roots [77]137 6-O-Myristoylsucrose Q H Astragalus membranaceus Roots [77]

138 6-O-[(7Z10Z13Z)-Hexadeca-71013-trienoyl]sucrose H R Equisetum hiemale Aerial parts [78]

139 6-O-[(7Z10Z)-Hexadeca-710-dienoyl]sucrose H S Equisetum hiemale Aerial parts [78]

See Scheme 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

O

O

O

18

18

1616

16

14

N linolenoyl

O linoleyl

P palmitoyl

Q myristoyl

O

O

O

R hexadeca-71013-trienoyl

S hexadeca-710-dienoyl

Scheme 3

32 Antidepressant Activity The oligosaccharides obtainedfrom the Morinda genus not only show specific antidepres-sant and antistress activities but also have no suppression orexcitatory effects on central nervous system as well Whatis more they can be taken orally with little toxicity [21]The inulin-type hexasaccharide (IHS) (9) from Morindaofficinalis obviously exhibited cytoprotective activity whichcontributed to the antidepressant effect not only by providingthe PC12 with protection against Cort-induced lesion withIHS 0625 and 125 120583Mbut also by reducing theCort-induced[Ca2+]

119894overloading with IHS 25 and 10 120583M IHS 5 and

10 120583Mupregulated the nerve growth factormRNAexpressionin Cort-induced PC12 cells [22] Polygalatenosides A (181)and B (182) were isolated from the Polygala genus Theysignificantly inhibited the isotope-labeled RTI-55 binding to

norepinephrine transporter protein with the IC50

values of300 and 604 120583M respectively [91]

DISS and tenuifoliside A were isolated from the PolygalaandCynanchum genera Liu et al investigated the antidepres-sant effect of YZ ethanol extract based on the tail suspensiontest (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) which arethe ease-of-use and widely-accepted models for estimatingantidepressant activities in mice The results indicated thatYZ-50 fraction at a dose of 200mgkgwas able to significantlydecrease the immobility time in TST Furthermore YZ-50possessed ability to inhibit corticosterone-induced injury ofhuman neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells What is more DISS(123) and tenuifoliside A (44) two major compounds of YZ-50 fraction showed effective protective response to the lesionin SY5Y cells [53] The antidepressant-like effect of DISS at


H3CO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

O O

OO O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH2OAc

H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

H3CO

H3CO H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH3O

H

HOHO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OH

H3CO H3CO

H

CH2CH2 HO

HO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OAc

H3CO

H

CH2

140 141 142

143 144 145

Figure 4

Table 4 Phenylpropanoid-derived trisaccharide esters

Number Name R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 Source Parts Reference146 Tricornose C K H H H H L H Polygala tricornis Roots [37]147 Tricornose D K H H H H K H Polygala tricornis Roots [37]148 Tricornose E K H H H K L H Polygala tricornis Roots [37]149 Tricornose F K H H H I L H Polygala tricornis Roots [37]See Scheme 4

O

OOO

O

R2O

R4O

R3O

R6O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OR1

OR5CH2OR7

Scheme 4

the doses of 5 10 and 20mgkg was also tested in chronicallymild stressed rats DISS was able to exhibit antidepressantactivity by upregulating the expression of noradrenergic-regulated plasticity genes including cell adhesion moleculeL1 brain-derived neurotrophic factor laminin and cAMP

response element binding protein factor in hippocampus[98] DISS improved the reward reaction by increasingsucrose intake and obviously decreased the levels of serumcortisol adrenocorticotrophic hormone and corticotropin-releasing factor Further DISS played an enhanced role inthe expression of mineralocorticoid receptor together withglucocorticoid receptor mRNA [99]

33 Cytotoxic and Antineoplastic Activities Smilasides AndashFand P smiglasides A and B smilaside P and helonioside Awere isolated from the Smilax Trillium and Paris generaKuo et al obtained smilasides AndashF (51ndash56) and evaluatedtheir cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines comprisinghuman oral epithelium carcinoma (KB) human cervicalcarcinoma (Hela) human colon tumor (DLD-1) humanbreast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) human lung carcinoma (A-549) and humanmedulloblastoma (Med) cells byMTTassayExperimental data indicated that all but smilaside C showedcytotoxicity against three to six human tumor cell lines(ED50

= 51ndash130 120583gmL) and smilasides DndashF (ED50

= 27ndash50 120583gmL) displayed strong cytotoxic activities against DLD-1 cells [46]Wang et al reported the antitumor constituents of


OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOHOH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

OHOH

H

H H

HO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

HO

HO

HO

OO

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OO

O

OO

OOOO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

150 151 152

153 180

AcO

AcO

AcOAcO

OAc

OAc

CH2OH

OHOH

OH OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

CH3O

Figure 5

Table 5 Phenylpropanoid-derived tetrasaccharide esters

Number Name R1 R2 R3 Source Parts Reference154 Tricornose G K H K Polygala tricornis Roots [37]155 Tricornose H K K K Polygala tricornis Roots [37]156 Tricornose I K K L Polygala tricornis Roots [37]157 Tricornose J K I L Polygala tricornis Roots [37]158 Tricornose K K I K Polygala tricornis Roots [37]159 Tricornose L K G K Polygala tricornis Roots [37]See Scheme 5

Smilax riparia including smiglasides A (48) and B (49) 26-di-acetyl-3101584061015840-di-feruloylsucrose (73) helonioside B (40)and smilaside P (65) Only smiglasidesA andB and smilasideP exhibited cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines withdifferent inhibitory concentrations comparing with cisplatinand paclitaxel as positive controls [47] Helonioside A (39)exhibited higher cytotoxicity with the increase of concentra-tion (01ndash100120583gmL) [45] Tatarisides AndashG (45 119ndash121 46122 47) and diboside A (116) from the Fagopyrum genusexerted cytotoxic activities against different human cell linesand the cytotoxicity of tatariside C was the most remarkablewith the IC

50values ranging from 644 to 749 120583gmL [57]

11015840236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O-cis-feruloylsucrose (95) fromthe Sparganium plants exhibited extremely weak cyto-toxicity against the growth of mice Lung Adenocarcinoma

795 cell lines with an IC50

value of 116 120583gmL [66] SnS-2oligosaccharides mixture including raffinose (3) stachyose(19) and verbascose (21) from the roots of Scrophularianingpoensis had antitumor activity against the growth ofLewis pulmonary carcinoma cells transplanted into mice[18]

Disaccharide esters and oligosaccharides mixture fromthe Liliaceae Polygonaceae Sparganiaceae and Scrpophular-iaceae families showed effective cytotoxic and antineoplasticactivities The study results indicated that feruloyl and acetylgroups play an important role in mediating cytotoxicitywhich seems to be related to the substitution position offeruloyl groups The feruloyl groups at C-6 or C-11015840 are vitalfor cytotoxicity In addition the increased number of acetylgroups could induce higher tumoricidal activity


Table 6 Phenylpropanoid-derived pentasaccharide esters

Number Name R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 Source Parts Reference160 Tenuifoliose A G D I Ac Ac Ac Polygala tenuifolia Roots [38 42]161 Tenuifoliose B G D I H Ac Ac Polygala tenuifolia Roots [42]162 Tenuifoliose C G D I H H H Polygala tenuifolia Roots [42]163 Tenuifoliose F G D U Ac Ac Ac Polygala tenuifolia Roots [42]164 Tenuifoliose G G D U Ac H Ac Polygala tenuifolia Roots [42]165 Tenuifoliose H G D G Ac Ac Ac Polygala tenuifolia Roots [38 42 79]166 Tenuifoliose I G D G Ac H Ac Polygala tenuifolia Roots [42 79]167 Tenuifoliose J G D G H Ac Ac Polygala tenuifolia Roots [42]168 Tenuifoliose K G D G H H Ac Polygala tenuifolia Roots [42]169 Tenuifoliose L G D T Ac Ac Ac Polygala tenuifolia Roots [42 79]170 Tenuifoliose M G D T Ac H Ac Polygala tenuifolia Roots [42]171 Tenuifoliose N I D I Ac Ac Ac Polygala tenuifolia Roots [42]172 Tenuifoliose O I D I H Ac Ac Polygala tenuifolia Roots [42]173 Tenuifoliose P I D I H H Ac Polygala tenuifolia Roots [42]174 Tenuifoliose Q G D T H Ac Ac Polygala tenuifolia Roots [79]175 Tenuifoliose S G D G H H H Polygala tenuifolia Roots [42]176 Tenuifoliose T G D I H H H Polygala tenuifolia Roots [42]177 Tenuifoliose V H D I Ac Ac Ac Polygala tenuifolia Roots [42]178 Tenuifoliose W I D U Ac H Ac Polygala tenuifolia Roots [42]179 Tenuifoliose X I D I H H H Polygala tenuifolia Roots [42]See Scheme 6

O

OO

O

O

O

O

OR1

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

HOHO

HO

HO

OR2

R3O

CH2OH

Scheme 5

34 Anti-Inflammatory Activity Inflammation an importantbasic pathological process is a defense response of biopsywith vascular system to damage stimuli such as pathogensimpaired cells and tissues and physical and chemical factorsHowever if the process of inflammatory response cannot endnormally when cell debris and pathogens were cleared thebiological defence response will become causative factor andbring about many diseases such as diabetes cardiovasculardiseases metabolic syndrome and cancer [100 101]

Tenuifoliside A (44) from the Polygala genus exhibitedstrong anti-inflammatory effect not only by suppressing the

production of NO but also by reducing the production ofiNOS prostaglandin E2 cyclooxygenase-2 and proinflam-matory cytokines through the inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway and NF-120581B pathway [102]The anti-inflammatory activities of quiquesetinerviusides D(108) and E (109) from the Calamus genus were evaluated inRAW 2647 cells Both of them showed significant inhibitoryeffects against the production of LPS-stimulated NOwith theIC50values of 90ndash295120583M [70]Six disaccharide fatty acid esters (132ndash137) were iso-

lated from the Astragalus and Equisetum genera The anti-inflammatory effects of these isolated compounds have alsobeen documented The activation of NF-120581B could upregulatethe expression of proinflammatory cytokines inducible nitricoxide synthase (iNOS) and tumornecrosis factor alpha (TNF-120572) The NF-120581B inhibitory activities of compounds 132ndash137were tested in HepG2 cells stimulated with TNF-120572 All ofthese compounds could significantly restrainTNF-120572-inducedNF-120581B transcriptional activities with the IC

50values of 44ndash

247 120583M Li et al pointed out that olefinic bonds and thelength of the fatty acid moieties contributed to the NF-120581B inhibitory activity Furthermore the inhibition increasedsignificantly with the increase of the number of olefinic bondson the aliphatic moiety [77] These results may provide ascientific basis for the development of new anti-inflammatoryagents

35 Neuroprotective and Cerebral Protective Activities Aswe all know glutamate works as a major excitatory aminoacid neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous


R6O

R2O

OR3

OR5

OR4

CH2OR1

OCH3

Rham

OO

O

OO O

O

O

O

OO

RhamO

O

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHHO

HO

HO

T O-rhamnosyl-coumaroyl U O-rhamnosyl-feruloyl

Scheme 6

system and plays a crucial role in several physiological pro-cesses [103] However the accumulation of glutamate inducesdiverse acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases suchas epilepsy ischemic stroke and Parkinsonrsquos disease aswell as Alzheimerrsquos disease [104] DISS (123) isolated fromthe Polygala genus exhibited neuroprotective effect againstglutamate-induced SH-SY5Y neuronal cell damage The invitro test demonstrated that DISS (06 6 and 60 120583molL)played a critical role in increasing cell viability controllinglactate dehydrogenase and attenuated apoptosis ranging from195 to 258 [105]

Tenuifoliside B (102) from the Polygala genus was ableto significantly shorten the coma time of KCN-inducedanoxia mice at the doses of 3 and 10mgkg and it playedan important role in ameliorating the scopolamine-inducedimpairment of performance in passive avoidance task inrats and enhancing the tremors induced by oxotremorine inmiceThese results together demonstrated that tenuifoliside Bpossessed cognitive improving and cerebral protective effects[56]

36 Antidiabetic Activity Diabetes mellitus a chronic debil-itating metabolic disease is characterized by high bloodglucose content and comprises three types termed type Itype II and gestational diabetes [106] Stachyose (19) extract(a part) from Rehmannia glutinosa obviously exhibited theactivity of downregulating fasting plasma glucose level andpartially keeping from hyperglycemia induced by adrenalineand glucose without obvious dose-dependent effect Otherthan that in vivo tests in rats induced by alloxan revealed

that stachyose extract at the dose of 200mgkg significantlydecreased blood-sugar level [15]

Diboside A lapathosides C and D vanicosides A andB and hydropiperoside were isolated from the FagopyrumPolygonum and Persicaria genera belonging to the Polygo-naceae family Diboside A (116) could potentially inhibit 120572-amylase activity with an IC

50of 269 120583M and thus retard the

starch digestion rate which is helpful for diabetic individualsin controlling blood sugar level [107] Lapathoside D (38)exerted stronger activity of 120572-glucosidase inhibition with anIC50

value of 0113mM than acarbose which was chosen asa positive drug for the treatment of type II diabetes [43]Vanicoside B (111) was reported to have higher 120573-glucosidaseinhibitory activity with an IC

50of 505 120583M than vanicoside A

(110) with an IC50of 599 120583M because of the acetyl moiety of

the latter possibly decreasing inhibitory activity of vanicosideA [71]

Fujimoto et al investigated the inhibitory effects ofmumeoses FndashO (83ndash92) from the Prunus genus on aldosereductase and discovered that caffeoyl groups are crucialfor the inhibitory effect on aldose reductase And thusmumeoses F G H J K L M and N (IC

50= 22ndash77120583M) with

a coumaroyl group and acetyl groups inhibited moderatelyaldose reductase from reducing glucose to sorbitol whichis associated with the chronic complications of diabetes [6364]

37 Elicitors and Regulators Oligosaccharides are quitepropitious for encoding biological information because ofdiverse monosaccharide units and complex molecular struc-tures and they are therefore first described as biological


181 H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

HH

Benzyl

Benzyl

Benzyl

182

183

184 Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

185

186

187

188

189

R1 R2 R3

R1 R2 R3 R4

OCH3

R3OH2C OR2

OR1

OR1

O

O

O

O O

OOO

O

OO

O

OH

OH

OH OH

OH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

C

R2O

R3O

CH2OR4

CH2CH2 CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

CH3

CH3

191190 192

193

O

C C

O

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

HOOH

OH

OH

OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

HO

C C

R998400O

R998400

Figure 6

signals in plants [108] Oligosaccharides from the cell wallfragments of plants and fungi are powerful signal moleculessuch as the elicitors of plant defence response and theregulators of plant growth and they are capable of exertingbiological activities at exceedingly low concentrations [109]Heptasaccharide (HS) (15) and octasaccharide (OS) (16) iso-lated from the Paris genus possessed plant growth-regulatory

activities [29 30]The two oligosaccharides significantly pro-moted the proliferation of Paris polyphylla var yunnanensisroots at the doses of 25ndash20mgL The octasaccharide hadthe most obvious effect on the growth of Panax japonicusvar major hairy roots at a dose of 30mgL while the otherhad the most positive effect on saponin accumulation ofPanax japonicus var major hairy roots at a dose of 10mgL


[29] Similarly Zhou et al evaluated the stimulating effectsof HS and OS on the root growth and saponin productionof Panax ginseng hairy roots which were induced from theplant roots infected withAgrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4The results showed that there was a maximum effect on thehairy roots growth and saponin accumulation on day 10Compared with control group the root biomass dry weightwas increased by more than 17-fold while the total saponincontent of roots increased by more than 1-fold when thesetwo oligosaccharides were added to the hairy root at a dose of30mgL [30] The above data illustrate that HS and OS couldserve as the plant growth-regulators not only in their originalspecies but also in others

38 Immunopotentiating Activity Macrophages are impor-tant targets of investigations on cytophagy cellular immunityand molecular immunology Therefore they are deemedto play a vital role in host defense comprising phagocy-tosis proteolytic processing pathogenic agent apoptosiscytokines production and foreign antigens presentation[110] The water-extracted oligosaccharides from Panax gin-seng (WGOS) exhibited better immunopotentiating activ-ity by increasing phagocytic function of macrophages andpromoting NO TNF-120572 and reactive oxygen species pro-duction [110] In addition Wan et al have obtained malto-oligosaccharides (17 119899 = 3sim8) and three oligosaccharides (213 14) from the Panax ginseng roots The in vitro bioassaypointed out thatWGOS could serve as efficacious stimulatorsof B and T lymphocytes [28] These studies provided enlight-enment that the mixture of oligosaccharides from Chineseherbalmedicine exhibits significant effect on immune system

39 Others Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors showgood therapeutic effects onmyasthenia gravis glaucoma andAlzheimerrsquos disease through reversible enzyme inhibitionso as to increase the accumulation of acetylcholine in thesynapse and then promote and prolong the function ofacetylcholine Vanicoside B (111) showed AChE inhibitoryactivity with an IC

50of 0062mM while hydropiperoside

(42) and lapathosides C (115) and D (38) just exhibited weakenzyme inhibitory activity [43]

Wang et al has explored low molecular mass carbohy-drate polymer from Panax ginseng roots and obtained 30ethanol elution (PGO)which included peptides and oligosac-charides (17 119899 = 0sim5) identified as maltose maltotriosemaltotetraose maltopentaose maltohexaose and maltohep-taose Pharmacological experiments revealed that PGO couldsignificantly enhance the memory in scopolamine-inducedmemory deficit rats [27]

Cistanoside F (129) and kankanose (150) were isolatedfrom the Cistanche Paulownia and Acanthus genera Phar-macological experiments showed that cistanoside F andkankanose significantly exhibited vasorelaxant effects on thenoradrenaline-induced contraction of thoracic aorta fromrats [80]

4 Conclusion

Traditional Chinese medicine from natural kingdom playsan indelible role in the treatment of human diseases andit has aroused the attention of those who have engagedin medicinal pharmaceutical chemistry Therefore scientistshave made great contributions day after day to investigate thevalid chemicals from traditional Chinese medicines In thepast decades about 193 oligosaccharides and their esters havebeen identified from traditional Chinese medicinal plantsOn the one hand only a few oligosaccharides and theirmixtures were investigated and just exhibited antidepres-sant antineoplastic antidiabetic plant growth-regulatoryimmunopotentiating and enhancedmemory activitiesMoreexploratory work is still needed to excavate biological andpharmacological activities of oligosaccharides On the otherhand oligosaccharide esters exhibited multi-advantageousactivities Bioassays have revealed that antioxidant cytotoxicantineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities are the mostnotable bioactivities Of course to search for the naturalproducts with these activities is a hotpot in the contemporarydrug research Oligosaccharide esters provide a vast treasuretrove for medical researchers After considering the currentstudies it should be taken as future directions to makemore mechanism of action studies and clinical trials tofurther evaluate its potential as new drugs Moreover thestructure-activity relationships discussed in this review willprovide reference information for further exploring theirrelationships and continually discovering the new bioactiveoligosaccharide esters

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper

References

[1] X D Yang L J Zhang B Liang L Z Xu and S L YangldquoOligosaccharide esters isolated from plants of PolygalaceaerdquoChinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs vol 33 no 10 pp 954ndash958 2002

[2] N Ogwuru and M Adamczeski ldquoBioactive natural productsderived from Polygonum species of plants their structures andmechanisms of actionrdquo Studies in Natural Products Chemistryvol 22 pp 607ndash642 2000

[3] S Kobayashi T Miyase and H Noguchi ldquoPolyphenolic glyco-sides and oligosaccharide multiesters from the roots of Polygaladalmaisianardquo Journal of Natural Products vol 65 no 3 pp 319ndash328 2002

[4] M Takasaki S Kuroki M Kozuka and T Konoshima ldquoNewphenylpropanoid esters of sucrose from Polygonum lapathi-foliumrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 64 no 10 pp 1305ndash1308 2001

[5] M L Zimmermann and A T Sneden ldquoVanicosides A and Bprotein kinase C inhibitors from Polygonum pensylvanicumrdquoJournal of Natural Products vol 57 no 2 pp 236ndash242 1994

[6] M Takasaki T Konoshima S Kuroki H Tokuda and HNishino ldquoCancer chemopreventive activity of phenylpropanoid


esters of sucrose vanicoside B and lapathoside A from Poly-gonum lapathifoliumrdquo Cancer Letters vol 173 no 2 pp 133ndash138 2001

[7] Q Fu T Liang Z Y Li et al ldquoSeparation of carbohydrates usinghydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographyrdquo CarbohydrateResearch vol 379 pp 13ndash17 2013

[8] M F Mrozek D Zhang and D Ben-Amotz ldquoOligosaccharideidentification and mixture quantification using Raman spec-troscopy and chemometric analysisrdquo Carbohydrate Researchvol 339 no 1 pp 141ndash145 2004

[9] G S Armstrong and B Bendiak ldquoHigh-resolution four-dimen-sional carbon-correlated 1H-1H ROESY experiments employ-ing isotags and the filter diagonalization method for effectiveassignment of glycosidic linkages in oligosaccharidesrdquo Journalof Magnetic Resonance vol 181 no 1 pp 79ndash88 2006

[10] G S Armstrong V A Mandelshtam A J Shaka and BBendiak ldquoRapid high-resolution four-dimensional NMR spec-troscopy using the filter diagonalization method and its advan-tages for detailed structural elucidation of oligosaccharidesrdquoJournal of Magnetic Resonance vol 173 no 1 pp 160ndash168 2005

[11] H-M Tseng S Gattolin J Pritchard H J Newbury and DA Barrett ldquoAnalysis of mono- di- and oligosaccharides by CEusing a two-stage derivatization method and LIF detectionrdquoElectrophoresis vol 30 no 8 pp 1399ndash1405 2009

[12] N Li X Li B L Hou and D L Meng ldquoNew disaccharosidefrom Camptosorus sibiricus Ruprrdquo Natural Product Researchvol 22 no 15 pp 1379ndash1383 2008

[13] Z Zhang D Wang Y Zhao H Gao Y-H Hu and J-FHu ldquoFructose-derived carbohydrates from Alisma orientalisrdquoNatural Product Research vol 23 no 11 pp 1013ndash1020 2009

[14] X Yang Y Zhao N He and K D Croft ldquoIsolation char-acterization and immunological effects of 120572-galacto-oligo-saccharides from a new source the herb Lycopus lucidus TurczrdquoJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry vol 58 no 14 pp8253ndash8258 2010

[15] R X Zhang Z P Jia L Y Kong et al ldquoStachyose extractfrom Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch to lower plasma glucose innormal and diabetic rats by oral administrationrdquo Pharmazievol 59 no 7 pp 552ndash556 2004

[16] R Zhang Y Zhao Y Sun X Lu and X Yang ldquoIsolationcharacterization and hepatoprotective effects of the raffinosefamily oligosaccharides from Rehmannia glutinosa liboschrdquoJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry vol 61 no 32 pp7786ndash7793 2013

[17] H Li F Song Z Zheng Z Liu and S Liu ldquoCharacterization ofsaccharides and phenolic acids in the Chinese herb Tanshen byESI-FT-ICR-MS and HPLCrdquo Journal of Mass Spectrometry vol43 no 11 pp 1545ndash1552 2008

[18] J E Deng J Zhang XM ChenW Ke and G Y Tian ldquoStudieson the physicochemical properties structure and antitumoractivity of an oligosaccharide homologue SnS-2 from the root ofScrophularia ningpoensis Hemslrdquo Chinese Journal of Chemistryvol 22 no 5 pp 492ndash497 2004

[19] S C Chou LM Chuang and S S Lee ldquoHypoglycemic constit-uents of gynura divaricata subsp formosanardquo Natural ProductCommunications vol 7 no 2 pp 221ndash222 2012

[20] F Feng L-L Wang X-P Lai Y-B Li Z-M Cao and Y-J Zhou ldquoStudy on oligosaccharides from Morinda officinalisrdquoJournal of Chinese Medicinal Materials vol 35 no 8 pp 1259ndash1262 2012

[21] Y F Li Z H Gong M Yang Y M Zhao and Z P Luo ldquoInhibi-tion of the oligosaccharides extracted fromMorinda officinalis

a Chinese traditional herbal medicine on the corticosteroneinduced apoptosis in PC12 cellsrdquo Life Sciences vol 72 no 8 pp933ndash942 2003

[22] Y-F Li Y-Q Liu M Yang et al ldquoThe cytoprotective effect ofinulin-type hexasaccharide extracted from Morinda officinalison PC12 cells against the lesion induced by corticosteronerdquo LifeSciences vol 75 no 13 pp 1531ndash1538 2004

[23] D N Olennikov L M Tankhaeva and A V Rokhin ldquoGlu-cofructans from Saussurea lappa rootsrdquo Chemistry of NaturalCompounds vol 47 no 3 pp 339ndash342 2011

[24] S K Hyun H A Jung B S Min J H Jung and J S ChoildquoIsolation of phenolics nucleosides saccharides and an alkaloidfrom the root of Aralia cordatardquo Natural Product Sciences vol16 no 1 pp 20ndash25 2010

[25] Z J Xu C W Lin and M F Liao ldquoStructure analysis of a newoligosaccharides BROS from Blumea ripariardquo Chinese Journalof Organic Chemistry vol 31 no 11 pp 1811ndash1819 2011

[26] Z J Xu C W Lin and Y Shi ldquoIsolation and structuredetermination of a new oligosaccharide from Blume ripariardquoJournal of Medicinal Plants Research vol 5 no 14 pp 2956ndash2962 2011

[27] Y Wang R Z Jiang G R Li et al ldquoStructural and enhancedmemory activity studies of extracts from Panax ginseng rootrdquoFood Chemistry vol 119 no 3 pp 969ndash973 2010

[28] DWan L Jiao H Yang and S Liu ldquoStructural characterizationand immunological activities of the water-soluble oligosaccha-rides isolated from thePanax ginseng rootsrdquoPlanta vol 235 no6 pp 1289ndash1297 2012

[29] L G Zhou C Z Yang J Q Li S L Wang and J Y WuldquoHeptasaccharide and octasaccharide isolated from Paris pol-yphylla var yunnanensis and their plant growth-regulatoryactivityrdquo Plant Science vol 165 no 3 pp 571ndash575 2003

[30] L G Zhou X D Cao R F Zhang Y L Peng S J Zhao andJ Y Wu ldquoStimulation of saponin production in Panax ginsenghairy roots by two oligosaccharides from Paris polyphylla varyunnanensisrdquo Biotechnology Letters vol 29 no 4 pp 631ndash6342007

[31] M Vanhaecke W van den Ende E Lescrinier and N Dyu-bankova ldquoIsolation and characterization of a pentasaccharidefrom Stellaria mediardquo Journal of Natural Products vol 71 no 11pp 1833ndash1836 2008

[32] J Feng and W Zhao ldquoComplete 1Hand 13C NMR assignmentsof four new oligosaccharides and two new glycosides fromPeriploca forrestiirdquoMagnetic Resonance in Chemistry vol 47 no8 pp 701ndash705 2009

[33] J Q Feng R J Zhang Y Zhou et al ldquoImmunosuppressive preg-nane glycosides from Periploca sepium and Periploca forrestiirdquoPhytochemistry vol 69 no 15 pp 2716ndash2723 2008

[34] X H Long R Xu Y H Zhang X H Tan andQ Y Sun ldquoA newoligosaccharide from Periploca calophyllardquo Zhongguo ZhongyaoZazhi vol 37 no 2 pp 226ndash229 2012

[35] L Wang Z-Q Yin Y Wang X-Q Zhang Y-L Li and W-CYe ldquoPerisesaccharides A-E new oligosaccharides from the rootbarks ofPeriploca sepiumrdquoPlantaMedica vol 76 no 9 pp 909ndash915 2010

[36] T Lei L Zhang H-Y Jiang Y Hu A-H Hong and Y-Z CenldquoA new pregnane glycoside and oligosaccharide from Parabar-ium huaitingiirdquo Journal of Asian Natural Products Research vol13 no 11 pp 1030ndash1035 2011

[37] J Li Y Jiang and P F Tu ldquoTricornoses A-L oligosaccharidemulti-esters from the roots of Polygala tricornisrdquo Journal ofNatural Products vol 68 no 5 pp 739ndash744 2005


[38] H H Tu P Liu L Mu et al ldquoStudy on antidepressant com-ponents of sucrose ester from Polygala tenuifoliardquo ZhongguoZhongyao Zazhi vol 33 no 11 pp 1278ndash1280 2008

[39] G M She Y Y Ba Y Liu H Lv W Wang and R B ShildquoAbsorbable phenylpropenoyl sucroses from Polygala tenuifo-liardquoMolecules vol 16 no 7 pp 5507ndash5513 2011

[40] J Yong and P F Tu ldquoStudies on the chemical constituents inroot bark of Polygala tenuifolia (II)rdquo China Journal of ChineseMateria Medica vol 29 no 8 pp 751ndash753 2004

[41] M Ono C Takamura F Sugita et al ldquoTwo new steroidglycosides and a new sesquiterpenoid glycoside from theunderground parts of Trillium kamtschaticumrdquo Chemical andPharmaceutical Bulletin vol 55 no 4 pp 551ndash556 2007

[42] Y Ling Z Li M Chen Z Sun M Fan and C HuangldquoAnalysis and detection of the chemical constituents of RadixPolygalae and their metabolites in rats after oral administrationby ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupledwith electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandemmass spectrometryrdquo Journal of Pharmaceutical and BiomedicalAnalysis vol 85 pp 1ndash13 2013

[43] P Fan L Terrier A-E Hay A Marston and K HostettmannldquoAntioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities and chemicalprofiles ofPolygonum sachalinensis FSchmidt exMaxim (Polyg-onaceae)rdquo Fitoterapia vol 81 no 2 pp 124ndash131 2010

[44] L J Zhang C C Liao H C Huang Y C Shen L M Yangand Y H Kuo ldquoAntioxidant phenylpropanoid glycosides fromSmilax bracteatardquo Phytochemistry vol 69 no 6 pp 1398ndash14042008

[45] L L Yan W Y Gao Y J Zhang and Y Wang ldquoA new phenyl-propanoid glycosides from Paris polyphylla var yunnanensisrdquoFitoterapia vol 79 no 4 pp 306ndash307 2008

[46] Y H Kuo Y W Hsu C C Liaw J K Lee H C Huang andL M Y Kuo ldquoCytotoxic phenylpropanoid glycosides from thestems of Smilax chinardquo Journal of Natural Products vol 68 no10 pp 1475ndash1478 2005

[47] W-X Wang T-X Li H Ma J-F Zhang and A-Q JialdquoTumoral cytotoxic and antioxidative phenylpropanoid glyco-sides in Smilax riparia A DCrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacologyvol 149 no 2 pp 527ndash532 2013

[48] N X Nhiem P vanKiem C vanMinh et al ldquoPhenylpropanoidglycosides fromHeterosmilax erythrantha and their antioxidantactivityrdquo Archives of Pharmacal Research vol 32 no 10 pp1373ndash1377 2009

[49] Y Wang W Y Gao T J Zhang and Y Q Guo ldquoA novelphenylpropanoid glycosides and a new derivation of phenolicglycoside from Paris Polyphylla var yunnanensisrdquo ChineseChemical Letters vol 18 no 5 pp 548ndash550 2007

[50] J-Y Zhang Y-Z Wang Y-L Zhao et al ldquoPhytochemicals andbioactivities of Paris speciesrdquo Journal of Asian Natural ProductsResearch vol 13 no 7 pp 670ndash681 2011

[51] N H N Hashim F Abas K Shaari and N H Lajis ldquoLC-DAD-ESIMSMS characterization of antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase constituents present in the active fraction fromPersicaria hydropiperrdquo LWT Food Science and Technology vol46 no 2 pp 468ndash476 2012

[52] PH FanA EHayAMarstonHX Lou andKHostettmannldquoChemical variability of the invasive neophytes Polygonumcuspidatum Sieb and Zucc and Polygonum sachalinensis FSchmidt ex Maximrdquo Biochemical Systematics and Ecology vol37 no 1 pp 24ndash34 2009

[53] P Liu Y Hu D H Guo et al ldquoPotential antidepressantproperties of Radix Polygalae (Yuan Zhi)rdquo Phytomedicine vol17 no 10 pp 794ndash799 2010

[54] J F Wu S B Chen S L Chen and P F Tu ldquoThe chemical con-stituents of Polygala hongkongensisHemslrdquoActa PharmaceuticaSinica vol 42 no 7 pp 757ndash761 2007

[55] Y Song Y Jiang D Bi X Tian L Liang and P Tu ldquoChemicalconstituents from n-butanol extract of aerial part of Polygalasibiricardquo Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi vol 37 no 4 pp 471ndash4742012

[56] Y Ikeya S Takeda M Tunakawa et al ldquoCognitive improvingand cerebral protective effects of acylated oligosaccharides inPolygala tenuifoliardquo Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin vol27 no 7 pp 1081ndash1085 2004

[57] C J Zheng C L Hu X Q Ma C Peng H Zhang and L PQin ldquoCytotoxic phenylpropanoid glycosides from Fagopyrumtataricum (L) Gaertnrdquo Food Chemistry vol 132 no 1 pp 433ndash438 2012

[58] X Li Y F Zhang L Yang et al ldquoChemical profiling ofconstituents of Smilacis glabrae using ultra-high pressure liquidchromatography coupled with LTQ orbitrap mass spectrome-tryrdquo Natural Product Communications vol 7 no 2 pp 181ndash1842012

[59] T-T Sun D-W Zhang Y Han F-Y Dong andWWang ldquoSmi-lasides M and N two new phenylpropanoid glycosides fromSmilax ripariardquo Journal of Asian Natural Products Research vol14 no 2 pp 165ndash170 2012

[60] J Li X Bi G Zheng Y Hitoshi T Ikeda and T NoharaldquoSteroidal glycosides and aromatic compounds from Smilaxripariardquo Chemical amp Pharmaceutical Bulletin vol 54 no 10 pp1451ndash1454 2006

[61] N Wang X Yao R Ishii and S Kitanaka ldquoBioactive sucroseesters from Bidens parviflorardquo Phytochemistry vol 62 no 5 pp741ndash746 2003

[62] S Nakamura K Fujimoto T Matsumoto et al ldquoAcylatedsucroses and acylated quinic acids analogs from the flower budsof Prunus mume and their inhibitory effect on melanogenesisrdquoPhytochemistry vol 92 pp 128ndash136 2013

[63] K Fujimoto SNakamura TMatsumoto et al ldquoMedicinal flow-ers XXXVIII Structures of acylated sucroses and inhibitoryeffects of constituents on aldose reducatase from the flower budsofPrunusmumerdquoChemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin vol 61no 4 pp 445ndash451 2013

[64] S Nakamura K Fujimoto T Matsumoto et al ldquoStructuresof acylated sucroses and an acylated flavonol glycoside andinhibitory effects of constituents on aldose reductase from theflower buds of Prunus mumerdquo Journal of Natural Medicines vol67 no 4 pp 799ndash806 2013

[65] L-B Dong J He X-Y Li et al ldquoChemical constituents fromthe aerial parts of Musella lasiocarpardquo Natural Products andBioprospecting vol 1 no 1 pp 41ndash47 2011

[66] Y Xiong K Z Deng Y Q Guo W Y Gao and T J ZhangldquoNew chemical constituents from the rhizomes of Sparganiumstoloniferumrdquo Archives of Pharmacal Research vol 32 no 5 pp717ndash720 2009

[67] Y Xiong K-Z Deng Y-Q Guo W-Y Gao and T-J ZhangldquoTwo new sucrose esters from Sparganium stoloniferumrdquo Jour-nal of Asian Natural Products Research vol 10 no 5 pp 425ndash428 2008

[68] B Chen N L Wang J H Huang and X S Yao ldquoIridoidand phenylpropanoid glycosides from Scrophularia ningpoensis


Hemslrdquo Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines vol 2 no 3 pp119ndash123 2007

[69] H Chen Y Z Zhou L Qiao et al ldquoTwo new compounds fromCynanchum amplexicaulerdquo Journal of Asian Natural ProductsResearch vol 10 no 3 pp 248ndash251 2008

[70] C-L Chang L-J Zhang R Y Chen et al ldquoAntioxidant andanti-inflammatory phenylpropanoid derivatives from Calamusquiquesetinerviusrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 73 no 9 pp1482ndash1488 2010

[71] Y Kawai H Kumagai H Kurihara K Yamazaki R Sawanoand N Inoue ldquo120573-Glucosidase inhibitory activities of phenyl-propanoid glycosides vanicoside A and B from Polygonumsachalinense rhizomerdquo Fitoterapia vol 77 no 6 pp 456ndash4592006

[72] P V Kiem N X Nhiem N X Cuong et al ldquoNew phenyl-propanoid esters of sucrose from Polygonum hydropiper andtheir antioxidant activityrdquo Archives of Pharmacal Research vol31 no 11 pp 1477ndash1482 2008

[73] K J Wang Y J Zhang and C R Yang ldquoAntioxidant phenolicconstituents from Fagopyrum dibotrysrdquo Journal of Ethnophar-macology vol 99 no 2 pp 259ndash264 2005

[74] N Cho J Huh H Yang et al ldquoChemical constituentsof Polygala tenuifolia roots and their inhibitory activity onlipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in BV2microgliardquo Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chem-istry vol 27 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2012

[75] Q Ren C S Wu and J L Zhang ldquoUse of on-line stop-flowheart-cutting two-dimensional high performance liquid chro-matography for simultaneous determination of 12 major con-stituents in tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn)rdquoJournal of Chromatography A vol 1304 pp 257ndash262 2013

[76] Q Ren C S Wu Y Ren and J L Zhang ldquoCharacterizationand identification of the chemical constituents from tartarybuckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricumGaertn) by high performanceliquid chromatographyphotodiode array detectorlinear iontrap FTICR hybrid mass spectrometryrdquo Food Chemistry vol136 no 3-4 pp 1377ndash1389 2013

[77] W Li Y N Sun X T Yan et al ldquoNF-120581B inhibitory activityof sucrose fatty acid esters and related constituents fromAstragalus membranaceusrdquo Journal of Agricultural and FoodChemistry vol 61 no 29 pp 7081ndash7088 2013

[78] J T Cheng J He Y Li et al ldquoThree new sucrose fatty acid estersfrom Equisetum hiemale LrdquoHelvetica Chimica Acta vol 95 no7 pp 1158ndash1163 2012

[79] Y Jiang and P-F Tu ldquoTenuifoliose Q a new oligosaccharideester from the root of Polygala tenuifoliaWilldrdquo Journal of AsianNatural Products Research vol 5 no 4 pp 279ndash283 2003

[80] M Yoshikawa H Matsuda T Morikawa H H Xie S Naka-mura and O Muraoka ldquoPhenylethanoid oligoglycosides andacylated oligosugars with vasorelaxant activity from Cistanchetubulosardquo Bioorganic ampMedicinal Chemistry vol 14 no 22 pp7468ndash7475 2006

[81] P-F Tu H-M Shi Z-H Song Y Jiang and Y-Y ZhaoldquoChemical constituents of Cistanche sinensisrdquo Journal of AsianNatural Products Research vol 9 no 1 pp 79ndash84 2007

[82] C-L Si Y-Y Lu P-P Qin R-C Sun and Y-H Ni ldquoPhenolicextractives with chemotaxonomic significance from the bark ofPaulownia tomentosa var tomentosardquo BioResources vol 6 no4 pp 5086ndash5098 2011

[83] J Wu S Zhang Q Xiao et al ldquoPhenylethanoid and aliphaticalcohol glycosides from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Phytochemistryvol 63 no 4 pp 491ndash495 2003

[84] Y Jiang and P-F Tu ldquoAnalysis of chemical constituents inCistanche speciesrdquo Journal of Chromatography A vol 1216 no11 pp 1970ndash1979 2009

[85] H Otsuka H Kuwabara and H Hoshiyama ldquoIdentification ofsucrose diesters of aryldihydronaphthalene-type lignans fromTrigonotis peduncularisand the nature of their fluorescencerdquoJournal of Natural Products vol 71 no 7 pp 1178ndash1181 2008

[86] M-R Suo J-S Yang and Q-H Liu ldquoLignan oligosaccharideesters from Eritrichium rupestrerdquo Journal of Natural Productsvol 69 no 4 pp 682ndash684 2006

[87] P-F Tu Z-H Song H-M Shi Y Jiang and Y-Y ZhaoldquoArylethyl (=phenylethanoid) glycosides and oligosaccharidefrom the stem of Cistanche tubulosardquo Helvetica Chimica Actavol 89 no 5 pp 927ndash935 2006

[88] M-H Shyr T-H Tsai and L-C Lin ldquoRossicasins A Band rosicaside F three new phenylpropanoid glycosides fromBoschniakia rossicardquoChemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin vol54 no 2 pp 252ndash254 2006

[89] R FangNCVeitchGCKiteM J RHowes EA Porter andM S J Simmonds ldquoGlycosylated constituents of Iris fulvaandIris brevicaulisrdquoChemical amp Pharmaceutical Bulletin vol 59 no1 pp 124ndash128 2011

[90] J Fu L Zuo J Yang R Chen and D Zhang ldquoOligosaccharidepolyester and triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Polygalajaponicardquo Phytochemistry vol 69 no 7 pp 1617ndash1624 2008

[91] M-C Cheng C-Y Li H-C Ko F-N Ko Y-L Lin andT-S Wu ldquoAntidepressant principles of the roots of polygalatenuifoliardquo Journal of Natural Products vol 69 no 9 pp 1305ndash1309 2006

[92] H T Chang and P F Tu ldquoNew oligosaccharide esters andxanthone C-glucosides from Polygala telephioidesrdquo HelveticaChimica Acta vol 90 no 5 pp 944ndash950 2007

[93] J Li L Feng J Dai R Wang and T Nohara ldquoChemical con-stituents from Polygala telephioidesrdquo China Journal of ChineseMateria Medica vol 34 no 4 pp 402ndash405 2009

[94] W-P Yin T-Z Zhao and H-Y Zhang ldquoA novel oligosaccha-ride ester from Syringa pubescensrdquo Journal of Asian NaturalProducts Research vol 10 no 1 pp 95ndash100 2008

[95] M Valko D Leibfritz J Moncol M T D Cronin M Mazurand J Telser ldquoFree radicals and antioxidants in normal physio-logical functions and human diseaserdquoThe International Journalof Biochemistry amp Cell Biology vol 39 no 1 pp 44ndash84 2007

[96] D Krishnaiah R Sarbatly and R Nithyanandam ldquoA review ofthe antioxidant potential of medicinal plant speciesrdquo Food andBioproducts Processing vol 89 no 3 pp 217ndash233 2011

[97] P Liu Y Hu D-H Guo et al ldquoAntioxidant activity ofoligosaccharide ester extracted from Polygala tenuifolia roots insenescence-accelerated micerdquo Pharmaceutical Biology vol 48no 7 pp 828ndash833 2010

[98] Y Hu H-B Liao G Dai-Hong P Liu Y-Y Wang and KRahman ldquoAntidepressant-like effects of 361015840-disinapoyl sucroseon hippocampal neuronal plasticity and neurotrophic signalpathway in chronically mild stressed ratsrdquo NeurochemistryInternational vol 56 no 3 pp 461ndash465 2010

[99] Y Hu H B O Liao P Liu D-H Guo and K RahmanldquoA bioactive compound from Polygala tenuifolia regulatesefficiency of chronic stress on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenalaxisrdquo Pharmazie vol 64 no 9 pp 605ndash608 2009

[100] A Jungbauer and SMedjakovic ldquoAnti-inflammatory propertiesof culinary herbs and spices that ameliorate the effects ofmetabolic syndromerdquoMaturitas vol 71 no 3 pp 227ndash239 2012


[101] Q Xu Y Wang S Guo Z Shen and L Yang ldquoAnti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of aqueous extract of Flospopulirdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 152 no 3 pp 540ndash545 2014

[102] K S Kim D S Lee G S Bae et al ldquoThe inhibition of JNKMAPK and NF-120581B signaling by tenuifoliside A isolated fromPolygala tenuifolia in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophagesis associated with its anti-inflammatory effectrdquo European Jour-nal of Pharmacology vol 721 no 1ndash3 pp 267ndash276 2013

[103] J-G Lee J-M Yon C Lin A Y Jung K Y Jung and S-YNamldquoCombined treatment with capsaicin and resveratrol enhancesneuroprotection against glutamate-induced toxicity in mousecerebral cortical neuronsrdquo Food and Chemical Toxicology vol50 no 11 pp 3877ndash3885 2012

[104] M L Jin S Y Park Y H Kim J-I Oh S J Lee andG Park ldquoThe neuroprotective effects of cordycepin inhibitglutamate-induced oxidative andER stress-associated apoptosisin hippocampal HT22 cellsrdquo NeuroToxicology vol 41 pp 102ndash111 2014

[105] P Liu Y Hu J Li et al ldquoProtection of SH-SY5Y neuronal cellsfrom glutamate-induced apoptosis by 36rsquo-disinapoyl sucrosea bioactive compound isolated from radix polygalardquo Journal ofBiomedicine and Biotechnology vol 2012 Article ID 728342 5pages 2012

[106] P-B Li W-L Lin Y-G Wang W Peng X-Y Cai and W-WSu ldquoAntidiabetic activities of oligosaccharides of Ophiopogonisjaponicus in experimental type 2 diabetic ratsrdquo InternationalJournal of Biological Macromolecules vol 51 no 5 pp 749ndash7552012

[107] T Liu Y M Yip L Song et al ldquoInhibiting enzymatic starchdigestion by the phenolic compound diboside A a mechanisticand in silico studyrdquo Food Research International vol 54 no 1pp 595ndash600 2013

[108] F Cote andMGHahn ldquoOligosaccharins structures and signaltransductionrdquo Plant Molecular Biology vol 26 no 5 pp 1379ndash1411 1994

[109] RACreelman and J EMullet ldquoOligosaccharins brassinolidesand jasmonates nontraditional regulators of plant growthdevelopment and gene expressionrdquo Plant Cell vol 9 no 7 pp1211ndash1223 1997

[110] L Jiao D Wan X Zhang B Li H Zhao and S LiuldquoCharacterization and immunostimulating effects on murineperitoneal macrophages of oligosaccharide isolated from Panaxginseng CAMeyerrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 144 no3 pp 490ndash496 2012

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

Stem CellsInternational

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014


MEDIATORSINFLAMMATION

of


Behavioural Neurology

EndocrinologyInternational Journal of



Disease Markers


BioMed Research International

OncologyJournal of



Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity


PPAR Research

The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Immunology ResearchHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Journal of

ObesityJournal of



Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

OphthalmologyJournal of


Diabetes ResearchJournal of



Research and TreatmentAIDS


Gastroenterology Research and Practice


Parkinsonrsquos Disease

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Volume 2014Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom


Orobanchaceae Acanthaceae Rosaceae Musaceae Spargan-iaceae Leguminosae Equisetaceae Boraginaceae IridaceaeAlismataceae Lamiaceae Araliaceae Rubiaceae OleaceaeApocynaceae Caryophyllaceae Aspleniaceae and Trilliaceaeare rich in oligosaccharides and their esters Oligosaccharidesshow diversified structures because of the type and thenumber of monosaccharides as well as the positionof glycosidic bonds And oligosaccharide esters alsodisplay distinctive structural diversity largely owing to thenumber type and position of O-substituent units includingphenylpropanoid groups (eg coumaroyl feruloyl caffeoylsinapoyl 345-trimethoxycinnamoyl and cinnamoyl)benzoyl p-methoxybenzoyl and p-hydroxybenzoyl groups(Figure 2) Moreover the double bonds of phenylpropanoidgroups possess trans and cis isomeric forms of which thetrans forms widely exist in nature Hence according tothe number of monosaccharides and the characteristics ofchemical structures these oligosaccharide esters could becategorized into 7 large groups

21 Oligosaccharides All compounds of this group (Table 1and Figure 1) merely consist of various monosaccharideswithout O-substituents In addition to the well-knownsucrose 120573-D-glucopyranosyl(1rarr 2)-120573-D-glucopyranoside(1) was isolated from Camptosorus sibiricus [12] Theoligosaccharides of raffinose (3) stachyose (19) andverbascose (21) all of which belong to the Raffinose familypossess one two or three galactopyranosyl units linked tosucrose and have been found in the rhizomes and rootsof Alisma orientalis [13] Lycopus lucidus [14] Rehmanniaglutinosa [15 16] Salvia miltiorrhiza [17] and Scrophularianingpoensis [18] Manninotriose (4) and verbascotetraose (5)consisting of galactopyranosyl units and a glucopyranosylunit have been isolated from Alisma orientalis [13]

Five oligosaccharides comprising 1-kestose (6) nystose(7) 1-120573-fructofuranosylnystose (8) hexasaccharide (9) andheptasaccharide (10) consisting of fructofuranose and glu-copyranose have been isolated from the aerial parts and rootsof Gynura divaricata subsp formosana [19] Morinda offici-nalis [20ndash22] Saussurea lappa [23] and Aralia cordata [24]Two water-soluble oligosaccharides (11 12) composed of twoor three types of monosaccharides including glucopyranosefructopyranose and fructofuranose have been obtained fromthe whole plants of Blumea riparia [25 26]

Besides malto-oligosaccharides (17 119899 = 0sim8) consist-ing of 120572-D-glucopyranosyl residues assembled by (1rarr 4)-linkages and inulo-oligosaccharides (18 119899= 1sim3) consisting ofonly fructosyl residues formed by (2rarr 1)-linkages have beenfound in the roots of Panax ginseng [27 28] and Morindaofficinalis [20] respectively Three noteworthy oligosaccha-rides (2 13 14) formed by 120572-D-glucopyranosyl units with(1rarr 6)-linkages and a (1rarr 4)-linkage have been found in theroots of Panax ginseng [28] And two linear oligosaccharidestermed heptasaccharide (15) and octasaccharide (16) consist-ing of glucose and mannose monomers were identified fromthe rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var yunnanensis [29 30]A pentasaccharide stellariose (20) consisting of a raffinosebackbone with two galactosyl residues bound to the fructosyl

and glucosyl moieties was identified from the stems ofStellaria media [31]

Oligosaccharides (Table 1) are composed of seven kindsof deoxyhexoses including cymaropyranose canaropyra-nose digitoxopyranose oleandropyranose digitalopyranosecymaropyranurolactone and oleandronic acid-120575-lactoneOleandronic acid-120575-lactone exhibits the boat and chair con-formations The hydroxyl methyl and acetyl groups arelocated at the equatorial (e) and axial (a) bonds in the chairconformation of deoxyhexoses These oligosaccharides wereisolated from the traditional Chinesemedicines including theroots of Periploca forrestii the root barks of P sepium thestems of P calophylla and the barks of Parabarium huaitingii

22 Oligosaccharide Esters

221 Phenylpropanoid-Derived Disaccharide Esters Phenyl-propanoid-derived disaccharide esters (Table 2 and Figure 3)account for a considerable proportion of oligosaccharideesters and mainly possess a core of sucrose carryinga varying number of O-substituents including phenyl-propanoid groups acetyl benzoyl p-methoxybenzoyl andp-hydroxybenzoyl groups Phenylpropanoid substituents arejust present at 11015840 31015840 41015840 61015840 positions of 120573-D-fructofuranosylunit in compounds 35ndash97 whereas they appear at 2 3 46 positions of 120572-D-glucopyranosyl moiety in compounds98ndash101 Moreover compounds 76ndash97 are mainly esterifiedwith acetyl groups along with a phenylpropanoid sub-stituent coumaroyl feruloyl or 345-trimethoxycinnamoylgroup Interestingly the phenylpropanoid substituents areonly attached to the 31015840 position of sucrose The twosugar rings of compounds 102ndash128 both possess phenyl-propanoid substituents These oligosaccharide esters havebeen found in the roots and rhizomes of Polygala tricornisP tenuifolia Fagopyrum tataricum Scrophularia ningpoensisCynanchum amplexicaule Smilax riparia Paris polyphyllavar yunnanensis Smilacis glabrae Fagopyrum dibotrys andSparganium stoloniferum the underground parts of Tril-lium kamtschaticum the stems of Polygonum sachalinensisP cuspidatum P hydropiper Smilax china and Calamusquiquesetinervius the aerial parts of Polygala sibirica Smilaxbracteata Heterosmilax erythrantha and Musella lasiocarpathe leaves of Persicaria hydropiper and Polygonum hydropiperthe whole plants of Bidens parviflora and Polygala hongkon-gensis and the flower buds of Prunus mume

Cistanoside F (129) has been found in the stems ofCistanche tubulosa [80] and C sinensis [81] the barks of Pau-lownia tomentosa var tomentosa [82] and the aerial partsof Acanthus ilicifolius [83] Cistanoside I (130) has alsobeen isolated from the stems of the Cistanche plants [84]Both of them are composed of glucosyl and rhamnosylgroups connected by a 1rarr 3 glycosidic bond In addi-tion 661015840-sucrose ester of (1120572212057231205734120573)-34-bis(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-12-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid (131) with a bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclobutanedicarboxyl group as the acyl unitin the molecule structure was isolated from the whole plantsof Bidens parviflora [61]



No

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6Source

Parts

Reference

22PerifosaccharideA

OH(e)

OCH

3(e)

HOH(e)

OH

APerip

loca

forrestii

Roots

[32]

23PerifosaccharideB

OH(e)

OCH

3(a)

HOH(e)

OH

APerip

loca

forrestii

Roots

[32]

24PerifosaccharideC

OH(e)

OCH

3(e)

HOH(e)

OCH

3A

Perip

loca

forrestii

Roots

[32]

25PerifosaccharideD

OAc

(e)

OCH

3(e)

HOH(e)

OH

APerip

loca

forrestii

Roots

[32]

26Peris

accharideA

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OAc

OH(e)

OCH

3A

Perip

loca

sepium

Root

barks

[33]

27Peris

accharideB

OAc

(e)

OCH

3(a)

HOH(e)

OH

APerip

loca

sepium

Perip

loca

calophylla

Root

barks

[3334]

28Peris

accharideC

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OAc

OCH

3(a)

OH

APerip

loca

sepium

Root

barks

[33]

29Peris

accharideD

OAc

(e)

OCH

3(a)

HOH(e)

OCH

3A

Perip

loca

calophylla

Stem

s[34]

30Peris

esaccharideB

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OAc

OH(e)

OCH

3C

Perip

loca

sepium

Root

barks

[35]

31Peris

esaccharideC

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OH

OCH

3(a)

OCH

3C

Perip

loca

sepium

Root

barks

[35]

32Peris

esaccharideD

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OH

OCH

3(a)

OH

CPerip

loca

sepium

Root

barks

[35]

33Peris

esaccharideE

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OAc

OH(e)

OH

CPerip

loca

sepium

Root

barks

[35]

34

Cymarop

yranurolactone

4-O-120573-D

-digita

lopyrano

syl-

(1rarr4)-O

-120573-D

-cymarop

yranosyl-(1rarr4)-O

-120573-

D-oleandrop

yranosyl-(1rarr4)-

O-120573-D

-cym

arop

yranoside

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OH

OCH

3(e)

OCH

3B

Parabariu

mhu

aitin

gii

Barks

[36]

SeeS

chem

e1


R1

R2 R3

R4

R5

R6

O OO

OO

O

O

OO

O O OO

O

O

O

OCH3

H3COH3CO

H3CO


Scheme 1














1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

13 14 15

16 17

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OH

OO

O

OOO

HOHO

HO

HOHO CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2

2

2

3

4 5

5

66

6n

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHO O

O

OO

HO

HO

HO HO

HO

HO

OH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OHO

HOHO

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OHO

O

OO

OO

HO

HOHO

HOHO

HOHO

OHCH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HOHO HO

HOHO

HOHO

2

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO

HOHO

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO HO

HOHO

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HO

HO HO

HOHO

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO HO

HOHO

CH2

OH

OH

OH OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO HO

HOHO

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

O

OO

O

OHO

HO

HOHO

HO

OH

OH

OH OHOH

OH

O

OO

O

OHO

HO

HOHO

HO

OH

OH OH

OH

OH

OH

OO

O O

O

HOHO HO

HO

HO

OH

OH OH

OH

OH

OO

O O

O

HOHO HO

HO

HOHO OH

OH

OH OHOH

OH

O

OO

O

O

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

Figure 1 Continued


18 19

20 21

2

n

OH

OH

H

OH

OH

OH

OH

OO

O

O

O

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

CH2OH

OH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OH

OH

O

OO

HO

HOHO

HO

CH2OH

OH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OH

OH

O

OO

HO

HOHO

OH

OH

OHOHO

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHO

O

O

O

O

O

O

HO

HO

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH O

Figure 1




O

O

O

O O O

OO

O

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OH

OHOH

OHOHOH

Figure 2


Table2Ph

enylprop

anoid-deriv

eddisaccharid

eeste

rs

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

35Sibiric

oseA

6H

HH

HK

HH

HPolyg

alatricornis

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

Root

barks

[37ndash40

]

3631015840-O


A5

HH

HH

IH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Trillium

kamtsc

haticum

Roots

Und

ergrou

ndparts

[38ndash42]

37GlomeratoseA

HH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

38LapathosideD

HH

HH

GG

HH

Polyg

onum

sachalinense

Stem

s[43]

39Helo

niosideA

HH

HH

II

HH

Trillium

kamtsc

haticum

Smila

xbracteata

Paris

polyphylla

varyunn

anensis

Und

ergrou

ndparts

Aeria

lparts

Roots

[4144

45]

40Helo

niosideB

AcH

HH

II

HH

Smila

xbracteata

Smila

xchina

Smila

xrip

aria

Heterosmila

xerythrantha

Aeria

lparts

Stem

sRo

otsa

ndrhizom

es

[4446

ndash48]

41Paris

polysid

eFH

HH

HG

IH

HPa

risPolyphylla

varyunn

anensis

Rhizom

es[4950]

42Hydropiperosid

eH

HH

HG

GH

GPolyg

onum

sachalinense

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Persica

riahydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

[435152]

43Tricorno

seB

DAc

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

44Tenu

ifolisideA

FH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia


Polyg

alasib

irica

Roots

Who

leplants

Aeria

lparts

[3840

4253ndash

56]

45Tataris

ideA

AcH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

46Tataris

ideE

HH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

47Tataris

ideG

HH

HH

IG

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

48Sm

iglasid

eAAc

AcH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

49Sm

iglasid

eBAc

HH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

50Sm

iglasid

eEAc

HH

AcI

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

51Sm

ilasid

eAAc

AcH

HI

IH

HSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

52Sm

ilasid

eBH

HH

AcI

IH

HSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

53Sm

ilasid

eCH

HH

HI

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

54Sm

ilasid

eDH

HH

HI

IAc

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

55Sm

ilasid

eEAc

HH

HI

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Smila

xchina

Aeria

lparts

Stem

s[4446

]

56Sm

ilasid

eFAc

HH

AcG

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

57Sm

ilasid

eGH

HH

HG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

58Sm

ilasid

eHH

HH

AcG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

59Sm

ilasid

eIAc

HH

HG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

60Sm

ilasid

eJH

HH

HG

IH

ISm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

61Sm

ilasid

eKH

HH

AcI

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

62Sm

ilasid

eLH

HH

HI

IH

ISm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

63Sm

ilasid

eMAc

HH

AcCis-feruloyl

IH

HSm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

64Sm

ilasid

eNAc

HH

AcI

Cis-

feruloyl

HH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

65Sm

ilasid

ePH

HH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

66310158404101584061015840-O

-Tri-

feruloylsucrose

HH

HH

II

IH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rhizom

esand

roots

[60]

6761015840-O

-Cou

maroylsu

crose

HH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

6811015840 -O-C

oumaroyl-61015840-O

-feruloylsucrose

HH

HH

HI

HG

Smila

xbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

694-O-Benzoyl-31015840-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

HD

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

706-O-Benzoyl-31015840-O

-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

DH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

716-O-Benzoyl-31015840-O

-sin

apoylsu

crose

DH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

726-O-p-M

etho


-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

EH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[56]

7326-Di-a

cetyl-3101584061015840-di-

feruloylsucrose

AcH

HAc

II

HH

Smila

xchina

Smila

xrip

aria

Heterosmila

xerythrantha

Stem

sRo

otsa

ndrhizom

esAe

rialp

arts

[46ndash

4859]

7426-Di-a

cetyl-31015840-O

-cis-feruloy-

61015840-tr

ans-feruloylsucrose

AcH

HAc

Cis-feruloy

IH

HSm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

7526-Di-a

cetyl-31015840-O

-tran

s-feruloy-


AcH

HAc

ICis-

feruloyl

HH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

76Re

galosid

eAAc

HH

HI

HH

HTrillium

kamtsc

haticum

Und

ergrou

ndparts

[41]

77Tricorno

seA

AcH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

78Mum

eose

AH

HH

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

79Mum

eose

BAc

HAc

HG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

80Mum

eose

CAc

HAc

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

81Mum

eose

DAc

AcAc

AcG

HH

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

82Mum

eose

EAc

AcAc

AcCis-

coum

aroyl

HH

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

83Mum

eose

FAc

AcAc

HG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

84Mum

eose

GAc

HAc

HG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

85Mum

eose

HH

HAc

AcG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

86Mum

eose

IAc

AcAc

HG

AcH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

87Mum

eose

JAc

AcAc

AcG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63 ]

88Mum

eose

KH

HAc

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

89Mum

eose

LAc

HAc

AcG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

90Mum

eose

MAc

AcAc

HG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

91Mum

eose

NAc

AcAc

HG

AcAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

92Mum

eose

OAc

HAc

AcG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

9311015840 2346-O-Penta-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-cou

maroylsu

crose

AcAc

AcAc

GH

HAc

Musellalasio

carpa

Aeria

lparts

[65]

9411015840 2346-O-Penta-acetyl-31015840-O

-cis-cou

maroylsu

crose

AcAc

AcAc

Cis-

coum

aroyl

HH

AcMusellalasio

carpa

Aeria

lparts

[65]

9511015840 236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-cis-

feruloylsucrose

AcH

AcAc

Cis-feruloyl

HH

AcSparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[66]

9611015840 246-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-fe

ruloylsucrose

AcAc

HAc

IH

HAc

Sparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[66]

9711015840 236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-fe

ruloylsucrose

AcH

AcAc

IH

HAc

Sparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[67]

98Sibirio

sideA

MH

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]

99SibricoseA

1K

HH

HH

HH

HCy

nanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

[69]

100

6-O-C

affeoylsucrose

JH

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]

101

Acretosid

eI

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

102

Tenu

ifolisideB

FH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[4256]

103

Tenu

ifolisideC

KH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[374256]

104

Heterosmilasid

eH

HI

HH

IH

HHeterosmila

xerythrantha

Aeria

lparts

[48]

105

Quiqu

esetinerviusideA

HI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

106

Quiqu

esetinerviusideB

AcI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

107

Quiqu

esetinerviusideC

HI

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

108

Quiqu

esetinerviusideD

AcG

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

109

Quiqu

esetinerviusideE

HG

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

110

Vanicosid

eAI

HH

AcG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Polyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[51527172]

111

Vanicosid

eBI

HH

HG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Persica

riahydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[4351527172]

112

Vanicosid

eDG

HH

HG

GH

GPersica

riahydropiper

Leaves

[51]

113

Vanicosid

eEI

AcH

AcG

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

114

LapathosideA

IH

HH

GG

HI

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Fagopyrum

dibotrys

Stem

sRh

izom

es[5173]

115

LapathosideC

IH

HH

GG

HH

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Stem

s[4352]

116

DibosideA

GH

HH

GI

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umFagopyrum

dibotrys

Roots

Rhizom

es[57]

117

Hidropiperosid

eAI

HH

HH

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

118

Hidropiperosid

eBI

HH

AcG

GH

IPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

119

Tataris

ideB

IH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

120

Tataris

ideC

IAc

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

121

Tataris

ideD

GH

HAc

GI

HH

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

122

Tataris

ideF

GH

HH

II

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

123

310158406-O

-Di-sinapoylsu

crose

KH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis


Polyg

alasib

irica

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Cynanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

Root

barks

Who

leplants

Aeria

lparts

[37ndash394153ndash

566974]

124

661015840-O

-Di-c

oumaroylsu

crose

GH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

125

11015840 3101584061015840-O

-Tri-

coum

aroyl-6

-feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

126

3101584061015840-O

-Di-c


-di-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

127

31015840-O

-Cou

maroyl-11015840610158406-O

-tri-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

IG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

128

11015840 31015840610158406-O

-Tetra-fe

ruloylsucrose

IH

HH

II

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

SeeS

chem

e2


131130129

CH2OHOH

OH

OO

OH

C

C

HH

HHO

OO

O

HO

HOHO

HO

HOOH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

HO

OH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

Figure 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

Scheme 2






50values of 234







5014352 120583M)


5033958 33066 and 31449 120583M


50


50values of 91 127









50value of about 1843 120583M [70]











See Scheme 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

O

O

O

18

18

1616

16

14

N linolenoyl

O linoleyl

P palmitoyl

Q myristoyl

O

O

O



Scheme 3








H3CO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

O O

OO O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH2OAc

H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

H3CO

H3CO H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH3O

H

HOHO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OH

H3CO H3CO

H

CH2CH2 HO

HO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OAc

H3CO

H

CH2

140 141 142

143 144 145

Figure 4



O

OOO

O

R2O

R4O

R3O

R6O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OR1

OR5CH2OR7

Scheme 4







OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOHOH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

OHOH

H

H H

HO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

HO

HO

HO

OO

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OO

O

OO

OOOO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

150 151 152

153 180

AcO

AcO

AcOAcO

OAc

OAc

CH2OH

OHOH

OH OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

CH3O

Figure 5












O

OO

O

O

O

O

OR1

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

HOHO

HO

HO

OR2

R3O

CH2OH

Scheme 5





50values of 44ndash




R6O

R2O

OR3

OR5

OR4

CH2OR1

OCH3

Rham

OO

O

OO O

O

O

O

OO

RhamO

O

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHHO

HO

HO


Scheme 6













50= 22ndash77120583M) with




181 H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

HH

Benzyl

Benzyl

Benzyl

182

183

184 Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

185

186

187

188

189

R1 R2 R3

R1 R2 R3 R4

OCH3

R3OH2C OR2

OR1

OR1

O

O

O

O O

OOO

O

OO

O

OH

OH

OH OH

OH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

C

R2O

R3O

CH2OR4


CH3

CH3

191190 192

193

O

C C

O

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

HOOH

OH

OH

OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

HO

C C

R998400O

R998400

Figure 6











4 Conclusion




References



























































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of


















No

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6Source

Parts

Reference

22PerifosaccharideA

OH(e)

OCH

3(e)

HOH(e)

OH

APerip

loca

forrestii

Roots

[32]

23PerifosaccharideB

OH(e)

OCH

3(a)

HOH(e)

OH

APerip

loca

forrestii

Roots

[32]

24PerifosaccharideC

OH(e)

OCH

3(e)

HOH(e)

OCH

3A

Perip

loca

forrestii

Roots

[32]

25PerifosaccharideD

OAc

(e)

OCH

3(e)

HOH(e)

OH

APerip

loca

forrestii

Roots

[32]

26Peris

accharideA

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OAc

OH(e)

OCH

3A

Perip

loca

sepium

Root

barks

[33]

27Peris

accharideB

OAc

(e)

OCH

3(a)

HOH(e)

OH

APerip

loca

sepium

Perip

loca

calophylla

Root

barks

[3334]

28Peris

accharideC

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OAc

OCH

3(a)

OH

APerip

loca

sepium

Root

barks

[33]

29Peris

accharideD

OAc

(e)

OCH

3(a)

HOH(e)

OCH

3A

Perip

loca

calophylla

Stem

s[34]

30Peris

esaccharideB

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OAc

OH(e)

OCH

3C

Perip

loca

sepium

Root

barks

[35]

31Peris

esaccharideC

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OH

OCH

3(a)

OCH

3C

Perip

loca

sepium

Root

barks

[35]

32Peris

esaccharideD

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OH

OCH

3(a)

OH

CPerip

loca

sepium

Root

barks

[35]

33Peris

esaccharideE

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OAc

OH(e)

OH

CPerip

loca

sepium

Root

barks

[35]

34

Cymarop

yranurolactone

4-O-120573-D

-digita

lopyrano

syl-

(1rarr4)-O

-120573-D

-cymarop

yranosyl-(1rarr4)-O

-120573-

D-oleandrop

yranosyl-(1rarr4)-

O-120573-D

-cym

arop

yranoside

OH(a)

OCH

3(e)

OH

OCH

3(e)

OCH

3B

Parabariu

mhu

aitin

gii

Barks

[36]

SeeS

chem

e1


R1

R2 R3

R4

R5

R6

O OO

OO

O

O

OO

O O OO

O

O

O

OCH3

H3COH3CO

H3CO


Scheme 1














1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

13 14 15

16 17

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OH

OO

O

OOO

HOHO

HO

HOHO CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2

2

2

3

4 5

5

66

6n

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHO O

O

OO

HO

HO

HO HO

HO

HO

OH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OHO

HOHO

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OHO

O

OO

OO

HO

HOHO

HOHO

HOHO

OHCH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HOHO HO

HOHO

HOHO

2

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO

HOHO

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO HO

HOHO

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HO

HO HO

HOHO

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO HO

HOHO

CH2

OH

OH

OH OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO HO

HOHO

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

O

OO

O

OHO

HO

HOHO

HO

OH

OH

OH OHOH

OH

O

OO

O

OHO

HO

HOHO

HO

OH

OH OH

OH

OH

OH

OO

O O

O

HOHO HO

HO

HO

OH

OH OH

OH

OH

OO

O O

O

HOHO HO

HO

HOHO OH

OH

OH OHOH

OH

O

OO

O

O

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

Figure 1 Continued


18 19

20 21

2

n

OH

OH

H

OH

OH

OH

OH

OO

O

O

O

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

CH2OH

OH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OH

OH

O

OO

HO

HOHO

HO

CH2OH

OH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OH

OH

O

OO

HO

HOHO

OH

OH

OHOHO

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHO

O

O

O

O

O

O

HO

HO

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH O

Figure 1




O

O

O

O O O

OO

O

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OH

OHOH

OHOHOH

Figure 2


Table2Ph

enylprop

anoid-deriv

eddisaccharid

eeste

rs

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

35Sibiric

oseA

6H

HH

HK

HH

HPolyg

alatricornis

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

Root

barks

[37ndash40

]

3631015840-O


A5

HH

HH

IH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Trillium

kamtsc

haticum

Roots

Und

ergrou

ndparts

[38ndash42]

37GlomeratoseA

HH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

38LapathosideD

HH

HH

GG

HH

Polyg

onum

sachalinense

Stem

s[43]

39Helo

niosideA

HH

HH

II

HH

Trillium

kamtsc

haticum

Smila

xbracteata

Paris

polyphylla

varyunn

anensis

Und

ergrou

ndparts

Aeria

lparts

Roots

[4144

45]

40Helo

niosideB

AcH

HH

II

HH

Smila

xbracteata

Smila

xchina

Smila

xrip

aria

Heterosmila

xerythrantha

Aeria

lparts

Stem

sRo

otsa

ndrhizom

es

[4446

ndash48]

41Paris

polysid

eFH

HH

HG

IH

HPa

risPolyphylla

varyunn

anensis

Rhizom

es[4950]

42Hydropiperosid

eH

HH

HG

GH

GPolyg

onum

sachalinense

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Persica

riahydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

[435152]

43Tricorno

seB

DAc

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

44Tenu

ifolisideA

FH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia


Polyg

alasib

irica

Roots

Who

leplants

Aeria

lparts

[3840

4253ndash

56]

45Tataris

ideA

AcH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

46Tataris

ideE

HH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

47Tataris

ideG

HH

HH

IG

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

48Sm

iglasid

eAAc

AcH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

49Sm

iglasid

eBAc

HH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

50Sm

iglasid

eEAc

HH

AcI

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

51Sm

ilasid

eAAc

AcH

HI

IH

HSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

52Sm

ilasid

eBH

HH

AcI

IH

HSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

53Sm

ilasid

eCH

HH

HI

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

54Sm

ilasid

eDH

HH

HI

IAc

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

55Sm

ilasid

eEAc

HH

HI

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Smila

xchina

Aeria

lparts

Stem

s[4446

]

56Sm

ilasid

eFAc

HH

AcG

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

57Sm

ilasid

eGH

HH

HG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

58Sm

ilasid

eHH

HH

AcG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

59Sm

ilasid

eIAc

HH

HG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

60Sm

ilasid

eJH

HH

HG

IH

ISm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

61Sm

ilasid

eKH

HH

AcI

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

62Sm

ilasid

eLH

HH

HI

IH

ISm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

63Sm

ilasid

eMAc

HH

AcCis-feruloyl

IH

HSm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

64Sm

ilasid

eNAc

HH

AcI

Cis-

feruloyl

HH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

65Sm

ilasid

ePH

HH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

66310158404101584061015840-O

-Tri-

feruloylsucrose

HH

HH

II

IH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rhizom

esand

roots

[60]

6761015840-O

-Cou

maroylsu

crose

HH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

6811015840 -O-C

oumaroyl-61015840-O

-feruloylsucrose

HH

HH

HI

HG

Smila

xbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

694-O-Benzoyl-31015840-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

HD

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

706-O-Benzoyl-31015840-O

-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

DH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

716-O-Benzoyl-31015840-O

-sin

apoylsu

crose

DH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

726-O-p-M

etho


-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

EH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[56]

7326-Di-a

cetyl-3101584061015840-di-

feruloylsucrose

AcH

HAc

II

HH

Smila

xchina

Smila

xrip

aria

Heterosmila

xerythrantha

Stem

sRo

otsa

ndrhizom

esAe

rialp

arts

[46ndash

4859]

7426-Di-a

cetyl-31015840-O

-cis-feruloy-

61015840-tr

ans-feruloylsucrose

AcH

HAc

Cis-feruloy

IH

HSm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

7526-Di-a

cetyl-31015840-O

-tran

s-feruloy-


AcH

HAc

ICis-

feruloyl

HH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

76Re

galosid

eAAc

HH

HI

HH

HTrillium

kamtsc

haticum

Und

ergrou

ndparts

[41]

77Tricorno

seA

AcH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

78Mum

eose

AH

HH

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

79Mum

eose

BAc

HAc

HG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

80Mum

eose

CAc

HAc

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

81Mum

eose

DAc

AcAc

AcG

HH

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

82Mum

eose

EAc

AcAc

AcCis-

coum

aroyl

HH

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

83Mum

eose

FAc

AcAc

HG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

84Mum

eose

GAc

HAc

HG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

85Mum

eose

HH

HAc

AcG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

86Mum

eose

IAc

AcAc

HG

AcH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

87Mum

eose

JAc

AcAc

AcG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63 ]

88Mum

eose

KH

HAc

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

89Mum

eose

LAc

HAc

AcG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

90Mum

eose

MAc

AcAc

HG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

91Mum

eose

NAc

AcAc

HG

AcAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

92Mum

eose

OAc

HAc

AcG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

9311015840 2346-O-Penta-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-cou

maroylsu

crose

AcAc

AcAc

GH

HAc

Musellalasio

carpa

Aeria

lparts

[65]

9411015840 2346-O-Penta-acetyl-31015840-O

-cis-cou

maroylsu

crose

AcAc

AcAc

Cis-

coum

aroyl

HH

AcMusellalasio

carpa

Aeria

lparts

[65]

9511015840 236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-cis-

feruloylsucrose

AcH

AcAc

Cis-feruloyl

HH

AcSparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[66]

9611015840 246-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-fe

ruloylsucrose

AcAc

HAc

IH

HAc

Sparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[66]

9711015840 236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-fe

ruloylsucrose

AcH

AcAc

IH

HAc

Sparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[67]

98Sibirio

sideA

MH

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]

99SibricoseA

1K

HH

HH

HH

HCy

nanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

[69]

100

6-O-C

affeoylsucrose

JH

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]

101

Acretosid

eI

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

102

Tenu

ifolisideB

FH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[4256]

103

Tenu

ifolisideC

KH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[374256]

104

Heterosmilasid

eH

HI

HH

IH

HHeterosmila

xerythrantha

Aeria

lparts

[48]

105

Quiqu

esetinerviusideA

HI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

106

Quiqu

esetinerviusideB

AcI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

107

Quiqu

esetinerviusideC

HI

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

108

Quiqu

esetinerviusideD

AcG

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

109

Quiqu

esetinerviusideE

HG

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

110

Vanicosid

eAI

HH

AcG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Polyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[51527172]

111

Vanicosid

eBI

HH

HG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Persica

riahydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[4351527172]

112

Vanicosid

eDG

HH

HG

GH

GPersica

riahydropiper

Leaves

[51]

113

Vanicosid

eEI

AcH

AcG

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

114

LapathosideA

IH

HH

GG

HI

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Fagopyrum

dibotrys

Stem

sRh

izom

es[5173]

115

LapathosideC

IH

HH

GG

HH

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Stem

s[4352]

116

DibosideA

GH

HH

GI

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umFagopyrum

dibotrys

Roots

Rhizom

es[57]

117

Hidropiperosid

eAI

HH

HH

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

118

Hidropiperosid

eBI

HH

AcG

GH

IPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

119

Tataris

ideB

IH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

120

Tataris

ideC

IAc

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

121

Tataris

ideD

GH

HAc

GI

HH

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

122

Tataris

ideF

GH

HH

II

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

123

310158406-O

-Di-sinapoylsu

crose

KH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis


Polyg

alasib

irica

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Cynanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

Root

barks

Who

leplants

Aeria

lparts

[37ndash394153ndash

566974]

124

661015840-O

-Di-c

oumaroylsu

crose

GH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

125

11015840 3101584061015840-O

-Tri-

coum

aroyl-6

-feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

126

3101584061015840-O

-Di-c


-di-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

127

31015840-O

-Cou

maroyl-11015840610158406-O

-tri-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

IG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

128

11015840 31015840610158406-O

-Tetra-fe

ruloylsucrose

IH

HH

II

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

SeeS

chem

e2


131130129

CH2OHOH

OH

OO

OH

C

C

HH

HHO

OO

O

HO

HOHO

HO

HOOH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

HO

OH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

Figure 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

Scheme 2






50values of 234







5014352 120583M)


5033958 33066 and 31449 120583M


50


50values of 91 127









50value of about 1843 120583M [70]











See Scheme 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

O

O

O

18

18

1616

16

14

N linolenoyl

O linoleyl

P palmitoyl

Q myristoyl

O

O

O



Scheme 3








H3CO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

O O

OO O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH2OAc

H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

H3CO

H3CO H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH3O

H

HOHO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OH

H3CO H3CO

H

CH2CH2 HO

HO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OAc

H3CO

H

CH2

140 141 142

143 144 145

Figure 4



O

OOO

O

R2O

R4O

R3O

R6O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OR1

OR5CH2OR7

Scheme 4







OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOHOH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

OHOH

H

H H

HO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

HO

HO

HO

OO

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OO

O

OO

OOOO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

150 151 152

153 180

AcO

AcO

AcOAcO

OAc

OAc

CH2OH

OHOH

OH OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

CH3O

Figure 5












O

OO

O

O

O

O

OR1

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

HOHO

HO

HO

OR2

R3O

CH2OH

Scheme 5





50values of 44ndash




R6O

R2O

OR3

OR5

OR4

CH2OR1

OCH3

Rham

OO

O

OO O

O

O

O

OO

RhamO

O

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHHO

HO

HO


Scheme 6













50= 22ndash77120583M) with




181 H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

HH

Benzyl

Benzyl

Benzyl

182

183

184 Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

185

186

187

188

189

R1 R2 R3

R1 R2 R3 R4

OCH3

R3OH2C OR2

OR1

OR1

O

O

O

O O

OOO

O

OO

O

OH

OH

OH OH

OH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

C

R2O

R3O

CH2OR4


CH3

CH3

191190 192

193

O

C C

O

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

HOOH

OH

OH

OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

HO

C C

R998400O

R998400

Figure 6











4 Conclusion




References



























































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of

















R1

R2 R3

R4

R5

R6

O OO

OO

O

O

OO

O O OO

O

O

O

OCH3

H3COH3CO

H3CO


Scheme 1














1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

13 14 15

16 17

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OH

OO

O

OOO

HOHO

HO

HOHO CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2

2

2

3

4 5

5

66

6n

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHO O

O

OO

HO

HO

HO HO

HO

HO

OH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OHO

HOHO

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OHO

O

OO

OO

HO

HOHO

HOHO

HOHO

OHCH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HOHO HO

HOHO

HOHO

2

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO

HOHO

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO HO

HOHO

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HO

HO HO

HOHO

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO HO

HOHO

CH2

OH

OH

OH OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO HO

HOHO

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

O

OO

O

OHO

HO

HOHO

HO

OH

OH

OH OHOH

OH

O

OO

O

OHO

HO

HOHO

HO

OH

OH OH

OH

OH

OH

OO

O O

O

HOHO HO

HO

HO

OH

OH OH

OH

OH

OO

O O

O

HOHO HO

HO

HOHO OH

OH

OH OHOH

OH

O

OO

O

O

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

Figure 1 Continued


18 19

20 21

2

n

OH

OH

H

OH

OH

OH

OH

OO

O

O

O

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

CH2OH

OH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OH

OH

O

OO

HO

HOHO

HO

CH2OH

OH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OH

OH

O

OO

HO

HOHO

OH

OH

OHOHO

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHO

O

O

O

O

O

O

HO

HO

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH O

Figure 1




O

O

O

O O O

OO

O

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OH

OHOH

OHOHOH

Figure 2


Table2Ph

enylprop

anoid-deriv

eddisaccharid

eeste

rs

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

35Sibiric

oseA

6H

HH

HK

HH

HPolyg

alatricornis

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

Root

barks

[37ndash40

]

3631015840-O


A5

HH

HH

IH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Trillium

kamtsc

haticum

Roots

Und

ergrou

ndparts

[38ndash42]

37GlomeratoseA

HH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

38LapathosideD

HH

HH

GG

HH

Polyg

onum

sachalinense

Stem

s[43]

39Helo

niosideA

HH

HH

II

HH

Trillium

kamtsc

haticum

Smila

xbracteata

Paris

polyphylla

varyunn

anensis

Und

ergrou

ndparts

Aeria

lparts

Roots

[4144

45]

40Helo

niosideB

AcH

HH

II

HH

Smila

xbracteata

Smila

xchina

Smila

xrip

aria

Heterosmila

xerythrantha

Aeria

lparts

Stem

sRo

otsa

ndrhizom

es

[4446

ndash48]

41Paris

polysid

eFH

HH

HG

IH

HPa

risPolyphylla

varyunn

anensis

Rhizom

es[4950]

42Hydropiperosid

eH

HH

HG

GH

GPolyg

onum

sachalinense

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Persica

riahydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

[435152]

43Tricorno

seB

DAc

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

44Tenu

ifolisideA

FH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia


Polyg

alasib

irica

Roots

Who

leplants

Aeria

lparts

[3840

4253ndash

56]

45Tataris

ideA

AcH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

46Tataris

ideE

HH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

47Tataris

ideG

HH

HH

IG

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

48Sm

iglasid

eAAc

AcH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

49Sm

iglasid

eBAc

HH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

50Sm

iglasid

eEAc

HH

AcI

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

51Sm

ilasid

eAAc

AcH

HI

IH

HSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

52Sm

ilasid

eBH

HH

AcI

IH

HSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

53Sm

ilasid

eCH

HH

HI

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

54Sm

ilasid

eDH

HH

HI

IAc

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

55Sm

ilasid

eEAc

HH

HI

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Smila

xchina

Aeria

lparts

Stem

s[4446

]

56Sm

ilasid

eFAc

HH

AcG

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

57Sm

ilasid

eGH

HH

HG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

58Sm

ilasid

eHH

HH

AcG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

59Sm

ilasid

eIAc

HH

HG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

60Sm

ilasid

eJH

HH

HG

IH

ISm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

61Sm

ilasid

eKH

HH

AcI

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

62Sm

ilasid

eLH

HH

HI

IH

ISm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

63Sm

ilasid

eMAc

HH

AcCis-feruloyl

IH

HSm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

64Sm

ilasid

eNAc

HH

AcI

Cis-

feruloyl

HH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

65Sm

ilasid

ePH

HH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

66310158404101584061015840-O

-Tri-

feruloylsucrose

HH

HH

II

IH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rhizom

esand

roots

[60]

6761015840-O

-Cou

maroylsu

crose

HH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

6811015840 -O-C

oumaroyl-61015840-O

-feruloylsucrose

HH

HH

HI

HG

Smila

xbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

694-O-Benzoyl-31015840-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

HD

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

706-O-Benzoyl-31015840-O

-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

DH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

716-O-Benzoyl-31015840-O

-sin

apoylsu

crose

DH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

726-O-p-M

etho


-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

EH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[56]

7326-Di-a

cetyl-3101584061015840-di-

feruloylsucrose

AcH

HAc

II

HH

Smila

xchina

Smila

xrip

aria

Heterosmila

xerythrantha

Stem

sRo

otsa

ndrhizom

esAe

rialp

arts

[46ndash

4859]

7426-Di-a

cetyl-31015840-O

-cis-feruloy-

61015840-tr

ans-feruloylsucrose

AcH

HAc

Cis-feruloy

IH

HSm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

7526-Di-a

cetyl-31015840-O

-tran

s-feruloy-


AcH

HAc

ICis-

feruloyl

HH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

76Re

galosid

eAAc

HH

HI

HH

HTrillium

kamtsc

haticum

Und

ergrou

ndparts

[41]

77Tricorno

seA

AcH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

78Mum

eose

AH

HH

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

79Mum

eose

BAc

HAc

HG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

80Mum

eose

CAc

HAc

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

81Mum

eose

DAc

AcAc

AcG

HH

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

82Mum

eose

EAc

AcAc

AcCis-

coum

aroyl

HH

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

83Mum

eose

FAc

AcAc

HG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

84Mum

eose

GAc

HAc

HG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

85Mum

eose

HH

HAc

AcG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

86Mum

eose

IAc

AcAc

HG

AcH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

87Mum

eose

JAc

AcAc

AcG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63 ]

88Mum

eose

KH

HAc

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

89Mum

eose

LAc

HAc

AcG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

90Mum

eose

MAc

AcAc

HG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

91Mum

eose

NAc

AcAc

HG

AcAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

92Mum

eose

OAc

HAc

AcG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

9311015840 2346-O-Penta-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-cou

maroylsu

crose

AcAc

AcAc

GH

HAc

Musellalasio

carpa

Aeria

lparts

[65]

9411015840 2346-O-Penta-acetyl-31015840-O

-cis-cou

maroylsu

crose

AcAc

AcAc

Cis-

coum

aroyl

HH

AcMusellalasio

carpa

Aeria

lparts

[65]

9511015840 236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-cis-

feruloylsucrose

AcH

AcAc

Cis-feruloyl

HH

AcSparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[66]

9611015840 246-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-fe

ruloylsucrose

AcAc

HAc

IH

HAc

Sparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[66]

9711015840 236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-fe

ruloylsucrose

AcH

AcAc

IH

HAc

Sparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[67]

98Sibirio

sideA

MH

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]

99SibricoseA

1K

HH

HH

HH

HCy

nanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

[69]

100

6-O-C

affeoylsucrose

JH

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]

101

Acretosid

eI

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

102

Tenu

ifolisideB

FH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[4256]

103

Tenu

ifolisideC

KH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[374256]

104

Heterosmilasid

eH

HI

HH

IH

HHeterosmila

xerythrantha

Aeria

lparts

[48]

105

Quiqu

esetinerviusideA

HI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

106

Quiqu

esetinerviusideB

AcI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

107

Quiqu

esetinerviusideC

HI

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

108

Quiqu

esetinerviusideD

AcG

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

109

Quiqu

esetinerviusideE

HG

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

110

Vanicosid

eAI

HH

AcG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Polyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[51527172]

111

Vanicosid

eBI

HH

HG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Persica

riahydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[4351527172]

112

Vanicosid

eDG

HH

HG

GH

GPersica

riahydropiper

Leaves

[51]

113

Vanicosid

eEI

AcH

AcG

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

114

LapathosideA

IH

HH

GG

HI

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Fagopyrum

dibotrys

Stem

sRh

izom

es[5173]

115

LapathosideC

IH

HH

GG

HH

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Stem

s[4352]

116

DibosideA

GH

HH

GI

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umFagopyrum

dibotrys

Roots

Rhizom

es[57]

117

Hidropiperosid

eAI

HH

HH

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

118

Hidropiperosid

eBI

HH

AcG

GH

IPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

119

Tataris

ideB

IH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

120

Tataris

ideC

IAc

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

121

Tataris

ideD

GH

HAc

GI

HH

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

122

Tataris

ideF

GH

HH

II

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

123

310158406-O

-Di-sinapoylsu

crose

KH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis


Polyg

alasib

irica

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Cynanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

Root

barks

Who

leplants

Aeria

lparts

[37ndash394153ndash

566974]

124

661015840-O

-Di-c

oumaroylsu

crose

GH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

125

11015840 3101584061015840-O

-Tri-

coum

aroyl-6

-feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

126

3101584061015840-O

-Di-c


-di-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

127

31015840-O

-Cou

maroyl-11015840610158406-O

-tri-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

IG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

128

11015840 31015840610158406-O

-Tetra-fe

ruloylsucrose

IH

HH

II

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

SeeS

chem

e2


131130129

CH2OHOH

OH

OO

OH

C

C

HH

HHO

OO

O

HO

HOHO

HO

HOOH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

HO

OH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

Figure 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

Scheme 2






50values of 234







5014352 120583M)


5033958 33066 and 31449 120583M


50


50values of 91 127









50value of about 1843 120583M [70]











See Scheme 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

O

O

O

18

18

1616

16

14

N linolenoyl

O linoleyl

P palmitoyl

Q myristoyl

O

O

O



Scheme 3








H3CO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

O O

OO O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH2OAc

H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

H3CO

H3CO H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH3O

H

HOHO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OH

H3CO H3CO

H

CH2CH2 HO

HO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OAc

H3CO

H

CH2

140 141 142

143 144 145

Figure 4



O

OOO

O

R2O

R4O

R3O

R6O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OR1

OR5CH2OR7

Scheme 4







OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOHOH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

OHOH

H

H H

HO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

HO

HO

HO

OO

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OO

O

OO

OOOO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

150 151 152

153 180

AcO

AcO

AcOAcO

OAc

OAc

CH2OH

OHOH

OH OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

CH3O

Figure 5












O

OO

O

O

O

O

OR1

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

HOHO

HO

HO

OR2

R3O

CH2OH

Scheme 5





50values of 44ndash




R6O

R2O

OR3

OR5

OR4

CH2OR1

OCH3

Rham

OO

O

OO O

O

O

O

OO

RhamO

O

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHHO

HO

HO


Scheme 6













50= 22ndash77120583M) with




181 H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

HH

Benzyl

Benzyl

Benzyl

182

183

184 Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

185

186

187

188

189

R1 R2 R3

R1 R2 R3 R4

OCH3

R3OH2C OR2

OR1

OR1

O

O

O

O O

OOO

O

OO

O

OH

OH

OH OH

OH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

C

R2O

R3O

CH2OR4


CH3

CH3

191190 192

193

O

C C

O

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

HOOH

OH

OH

OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

HO

C C

R998400O

R998400

Figure 6











4 Conclusion




References



























































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of

















1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

13 14 15

16 17

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OH

OO

O

OOO

HOHO

HO

HOHO CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2

2

2

3

4 5

5

66

6n

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHO O

O

OO

HO

HO

HO HO

HO

HO

OH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OHO

HOHO

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OHO

O

OO

OO

HO

HOHO

HOHO

HOHO

OHCH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HOHO HO

HOHO

HOHO

2

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO

HOHO

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO HO

HOHO

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HO

HO HO

HOHO

CH2OH

CH2

OH

OH

OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO HO

HOHO

CH2

OH

OH

OH OH

OHO

OO

OO

HO

HOHO HO

HOHO

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

O

OO

O

OHO

HO

HOHO

HO

OH

OH

OH OHOH

OH

O

OO

O

OHO

HO

HOHO

HO

OH

OH OH

OH

OH

OH

OO

O O

O

HOHO HO

HO

HO

OH

OH OH

OH

OH

OO

O O

O

HOHO HO

HO

HOHO OH

OH

OH OHOH

OH

O

OO

O

O

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

Figure 1 Continued


18 19

20 21

2

n

OH

OH

H

OH

OH

OH

OH

OO

O

O

O

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

CH2OH

OH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OH

OH

O

OO

HO

HOHO

HO

CH2OH

OH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OH

OH

O

OO

HO

HOHO

OH

OH

OHOHO

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHO

O

O

O

O

O

O

HO

HO

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH O

Figure 1




O

O

O

O O O

OO

O

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OH

OHOH

OHOHOH

Figure 2


Table2Ph

enylprop

anoid-deriv

eddisaccharid

eeste

rs

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

35Sibiric

oseA

6H

HH

HK

HH

HPolyg

alatricornis

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

Root

barks

[37ndash40

]

3631015840-O


A5

HH

HH

IH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Trillium

kamtsc

haticum

Roots

Und

ergrou

ndparts

[38ndash42]

37GlomeratoseA

HH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

38LapathosideD

HH

HH

GG

HH

Polyg

onum

sachalinense

Stem

s[43]

39Helo

niosideA

HH

HH

II

HH

Trillium

kamtsc

haticum

Smila

xbracteata

Paris

polyphylla

varyunn

anensis

Und

ergrou

ndparts

Aeria

lparts

Roots

[4144

45]

40Helo

niosideB

AcH

HH

II

HH

Smila

xbracteata

Smila

xchina

Smila

xrip

aria

Heterosmila

xerythrantha

Aeria

lparts

Stem

sRo

otsa

ndrhizom

es

[4446

ndash48]

41Paris

polysid

eFH

HH

HG

IH

HPa

risPolyphylla

varyunn

anensis

Rhizom

es[4950]

42Hydropiperosid

eH

HH

HG

GH

GPolyg

onum

sachalinense

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Persica

riahydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

[435152]

43Tricorno

seB

DAc

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

44Tenu

ifolisideA

FH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia


Polyg

alasib

irica

Roots

Who

leplants

Aeria

lparts

[3840

4253ndash

56]

45Tataris

ideA

AcH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

46Tataris

ideE

HH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

47Tataris

ideG

HH

HH

IG

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

48Sm

iglasid

eAAc

AcH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

49Sm

iglasid

eBAc

HH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

50Sm

iglasid

eEAc

HH

AcI

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

51Sm

ilasid

eAAc

AcH

HI

IH

HSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

52Sm

ilasid

eBH

HH

AcI

IH

HSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

53Sm

ilasid

eCH

HH

HI

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

54Sm

ilasid

eDH

HH

HI

IAc

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

55Sm

ilasid

eEAc

HH

HI

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Smila

xchina

Aeria

lparts

Stem

s[4446

]

56Sm

ilasid

eFAc

HH

AcG

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

57Sm

ilasid

eGH

HH

HG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

58Sm

ilasid

eHH

HH

AcG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

59Sm

ilasid

eIAc

HH

HG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

60Sm

ilasid

eJH

HH

HG

IH

ISm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

61Sm

ilasid

eKH

HH

AcI

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

62Sm

ilasid

eLH

HH

HI

IH

ISm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

63Sm

ilasid

eMAc

HH

AcCis-feruloyl

IH

HSm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

64Sm

ilasid

eNAc

HH

AcI

Cis-

feruloyl

HH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

65Sm

ilasid

ePH

HH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

66310158404101584061015840-O

-Tri-

feruloylsucrose

HH

HH

II

IH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rhizom

esand

roots

[60]

6761015840-O

-Cou

maroylsu

crose

HH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

6811015840 -O-C

oumaroyl-61015840-O

-feruloylsucrose

HH

HH

HI

HG

Smila

xbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

694-O-Benzoyl-31015840-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

HD

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

706-O-Benzoyl-31015840-O

-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

DH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

716-O-Benzoyl-31015840-O

-sin

apoylsu

crose

DH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

726-O-p-M

etho


-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

EH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[56]

7326-Di-a

cetyl-3101584061015840-di-

feruloylsucrose

AcH

HAc

II

HH

Smila

xchina

Smila

xrip

aria

Heterosmila

xerythrantha

Stem

sRo

otsa

ndrhizom

esAe

rialp

arts

[46ndash

4859]

7426-Di-a

cetyl-31015840-O

-cis-feruloy-

61015840-tr

ans-feruloylsucrose

AcH

HAc

Cis-feruloy

IH

HSm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

7526-Di-a

cetyl-31015840-O

-tran

s-feruloy-


AcH

HAc

ICis-

feruloyl

HH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

76Re

galosid

eAAc

HH

HI

HH

HTrillium

kamtsc

haticum

Und

ergrou

ndparts

[41]

77Tricorno

seA

AcH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

78Mum

eose

AH

HH

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

79Mum

eose

BAc

HAc

HG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

80Mum

eose

CAc

HAc

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

81Mum

eose

DAc

AcAc

AcG

HH

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

82Mum

eose

EAc

AcAc

AcCis-

coum

aroyl

HH

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

83Mum

eose

FAc

AcAc

HG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

84Mum

eose

GAc

HAc

HG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

85Mum

eose

HH

HAc

AcG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

86Mum

eose

IAc

AcAc

HG

AcH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

87Mum

eose

JAc

AcAc

AcG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63 ]

88Mum

eose

KH

HAc

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

89Mum

eose

LAc

HAc

AcG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

90Mum

eose

MAc

AcAc

HG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

91Mum

eose

NAc

AcAc

HG

AcAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

92Mum

eose

OAc

HAc

AcG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

9311015840 2346-O-Penta-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-cou

maroylsu

crose

AcAc

AcAc

GH

HAc

Musellalasio

carpa

Aeria

lparts

[65]

9411015840 2346-O-Penta-acetyl-31015840-O

-cis-cou

maroylsu

crose

AcAc

AcAc

Cis-

coum

aroyl

HH

AcMusellalasio

carpa

Aeria

lparts

[65]

9511015840 236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-cis-

feruloylsucrose

AcH

AcAc

Cis-feruloyl

HH

AcSparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[66]

9611015840 246-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-fe

ruloylsucrose

AcAc

HAc

IH

HAc

Sparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[66]

9711015840 236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-fe

ruloylsucrose

AcH

AcAc

IH

HAc

Sparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[67]

98Sibirio

sideA

MH

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]

99SibricoseA

1K

HH

HH

HH

HCy

nanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

[69]

100

6-O-C

affeoylsucrose

JH

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]

101

Acretosid

eI

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

102

Tenu

ifolisideB

FH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[4256]

103

Tenu

ifolisideC

KH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[374256]

104

Heterosmilasid

eH

HI

HH

IH

HHeterosmila

xerythrantha

Aeria

lparts

[48]

105

Quiqu

esetinerviusideA

HI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

106

Quiqu

esetinerviusideB

AcI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

107

Quiqu

esetinerviusideC

HI

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

108

Quiqu

esetinerviusideD

AcG

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

109

Quiqu

esetinerviusideE

HG

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

110

Vanicosid

eAI

HH

AcG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Polyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[51527172]

111

Vanicosid

eBI

HH

HG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Persica

riahydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[4351527172]

112

Vanicosid

eDG

HH

HG

GH

GPersica

riahydropiper

Leaves

[51]

113

Vanicosid

eEI

AcH

AcG

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

114

LapathosideA

IH

HH

GG

HI

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Fagopyrum

dibotrys

Stem

sRh

izom

es[5173]

115

LapathosideC

IH

HH

GG

HH

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Stem

s[4352]

116

DibosideA

GH

HH

GI

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umFagopyrum

dibotrys

Roots

Rhizom

es[57]

117

Hidropiperosid

eAI

HH

HH

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

118

Hidropiperosid

eBI

HH

AcG

GH

IPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

119

Tataris

ideB

IH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

120

Tataris

ideC

IAc

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

121

Tataris

ideD

GH

HAc

GI

HH

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

122

Tataris

ideF

GH

HH

II

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

123

310158406-O

-Di-sinapoylsu

crose

KH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis


Polyg

alasib

irica

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Cynanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

Root

barks

Who

leplants

Aeria

lparts

[37ndash394153ndash

566974]

124

661015840-O

-Di-c

oumaroylsu

crose

GH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

125

11015840 3101584061015840-O

-Tri-

coum

aroyl-6

-feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

126

3101584061015840-O

-Di-c


-di-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

127

31015840-O

-Cou

maroyl-11015840610158406-O

-tri-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

IG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

128

11015840 31015840610158406-O

-Tetra-fe

ruloylsucrose

IH

HH

II

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

SeeS

chem

e2


131130129

CH2OHOH

OH

OO

OH

C

C

HH

HHO

OO

O

HO

HOHO

HO

HOOH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

HO

OH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

Figure 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

Scheme 2






50values of 234







5014352 120583M)


5033958 33066 and 31449 120583M


50


50values of 91 127









50value of about 1843 120583M [70]











See Scheme 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

O

O

O

18

18

1616

16

14

N linolenoyl

O linoleyl

P palmitoyl

Q myristoyl

O

O

O



Scheme 3








H3CO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

O O

OO O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH2OAc

H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

H3CO

H3CO H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH3O

H

HOHO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OH

H3CO H3CO

H

CH2CH2 HO

HO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OAc

H3CO

H

CH2

140 141 142

143 144 145

Figure 4



O

OOO

O

R2O

R4O

R3O

R6O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OR1

OR5CH2OR7

Scheme 4







OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOHOH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

OHOH

H

H H

HO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

HO

HO

HO

OO

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OO

O

OO

OOOO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

150 151 152

153 180

AcO

AcO

AcOAcO

OAc

OAc

CH2OH

OHOH

OH OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

CH3O

Figure 5












O

OO

O

O

O

O

OR1

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

HOHO

HO

HO

OR2

R3O

CH2OH

Scheme 5





50values of 44ndash




R6O

R2O

OR3

OR5

OR4

CH2OR1

OCH3

Rham

OO

O

OO O

O

O

O

OO

RhamO

O

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHHO

HO

HO


Scheme 6













50= 22ndash77120583M) with




181 H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

HH

Benzyl

Benzyl

Benzyl

182

183

184 Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

185

186

187

188

189

R1 R2 R3

R1 R2 R3 R4

OCH3

R3OH2C OR2

OR1

OR1

O

O

O

O O

OOO

O

OO

O

OH

OH

OH OH

OH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

C

R2O

R3O

CH2OR4


CH3

CH3

191190 192

193

O

C C

O

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

HOOH

OH

OH

OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

HO

C C

R998400O

R998400

Figure 6











4 Conclusion




References



























































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of

















18 19

20 21

2

n

OH

OH

H

OH

OH

OH

OH

OO

O

O

O

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

CH2OH

OH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OH

OH

O

OO

HO

HOHO

HO

CH2OH

OH

OHO OHO

HO OHO OHO

HO OH

OH

O

OO

HO

HOHO

OH

OH

OHOHO

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHO

O

O

O

O

O

O

HO

HO

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH O

Figure 1




O

O

O

O O O

OO

O

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

OH

OHOH

OHOHOH

Figure 2


Table2Ph

enylprop

anoid-deriv

eddisaccharid

eeste

rs

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

35Sibiric

oseA

6H

HH

HK

HH

HPolyg

alatricornis

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

Root

barks

[37ndash40

]

3631015840-O


A5

HH

HH

IH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Trillium

kamtsc

haticum

Roots

Und

ergrou

ndparts

[38ndash42]

37GlomeratoseA

HH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

38LapathosideD

HH

HH

GG

HH

Polyg

onum

sachalinense

Stem

s[43]

39Helo

niosideA

HH

HH

II

HH

Trillium

kamtsc

haticum

Smila

xbracteata

Paris

polyphylla

varyunn

anensis

Und

ergrou

ndparts

Aeria

lparts

Roots

[4144

45]

40Helo

niosideB

AcH

HH

II

HH

Smila

xbracteata

Smila

xchina

Smila

xrip

aria

Heterosmila

xerythrantha

Aeria

lparts

Stem

sRo

otsa

ndrhizom

es

[4446

ndash48]

41Paris

polysid

eFH

HH

HG

IH

HPa

risPolyphylla

varyunn

anensis

Rhizom

es[4950]

42Hydropiperosid

eH

HH

HG

GH

GPolyg

onum

sachalinense

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Persica

riahydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

[435152]

43Tricorno

seB

DAc

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

44Tenu

ifolisideA

FH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia


Polyg

alasib

irica

Roots

Who

leplants

Aeria

lparts

[3840

4253ndash

56]

45Tataris

ideA

AcH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

46Tataris

ideE

HH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

47Tataris

ideG

HH

HH

IG

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

48Sm

iglasid

eAAc

AcH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

49Sm

iglasid

eBAc

HH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

50Sm

iglasid

eEAc

HH

AcI

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

51Sm

ilasid

eAAc

AcH

HI

IH

HSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

52Sm

ilasid

eBH

HH

AcI

IH

HSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

53Sm

ilasid

eCH

HH

HI

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

54Sm

ilasid

eDH

HH

HI

IAc

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

55Sm

ilasid

eEAc

HH

HI

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Smila

xchina

Aeria

lparts

Stem

s[4446

]

56Sm

ilasid

eFAc

HH

AcG

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

57Sm

ilasid

eGH

HH

HG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

58Sm

ilasid

eHH

HH

AcG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

59Sm

ilasid

eIAc

HH

HG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

60Sm

ilasid

eJH

HH

HG

IH

ISm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

61Sm

ilasid

eKH

HH

AcI

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

62Sm

ilasid

eLH

HH

HI

IH

ISm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

63Sm

ilasid

eMAc

HH

AcCis-feruloyl

IH

HSm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

64Sm

ilasid

eNAc

HH

AcI

Cis-

feruloyl

HH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

65Sm

ilasid

ePH

HH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

66310158404101584061015840-O

-Tri-

feruloylsucrose

HH

HH

II

IH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rhizom

esand

roots

[60]

6761015840-O

-Cou

maroylsu

crose

HH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

6811015840 -O-C

oumaroyl-61015840-O

-feruloylsucrose

HH

HH

HI

HG

Smila

xbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

694-O-Benzoyl-31015840-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

HD

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

706-O-Benzoyl-31015840-O

-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

DH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

716-O-Benzoyl-31015840-O

-sin

apoylsu

crose

DH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

726-O-p-M

etho


-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

EH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[56]

7326-Di-a

cetyl-3101584061015840-di-

feruloylsucrose

AcH

HAc

II

HH

Smila

xchina

Smila

xrip

aria

Heterosmila

xerythrantha

Stem

sRo

otsa

ndrhizom

esAe

rialp

arts

[46ndash

4859]

7426-Di-a

cetyl-31015840-O

-cis-feruloy-

61015840-tr

ans-feruloylsucrose

AcH

HAc

Cis-feruloy

IH

HSm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

7526-Di-a

cetyl-31015840-O

-tran

s-feruloy-


AcH

HAc

ICis-

feruloyl

HH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

76Re

galosid

eAAc

HH

HI

HH

HTrillium

kamtsc

haticum

Und

ergrou

ndparts

[41]

77Tricorno

seA

AcH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

78Mum

eose

AH

HH

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

79Mum

eose

BAc

HAc

HG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

80Mum

eose

CAc

HAc

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

81Mum

eose

DAc

AcAc

AcG

HH

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

82Mum

eose

EAc

AcAc

AcCis-

coum

aroyl

HH

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

83Mum

eose

FAc

AcAc

HG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

84Mum

eose

GAc

HAc

HG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

85Mum

eose

HH

HAc

AcG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

86Mum

eose

IAc

AcAc

HG

AcH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

87Mum

eose

JAc

AcAc

AcG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63 ]

88Mum

eose

KH

HAc

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

89Mum

eose

LAc

HAc

AcG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

90Mum

eose

MAc

AcAc

HG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

91Mum

eose

NAc

AcAc

HG

AcAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

92Mum

eose

OAc

HAc

AcG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

9311015840 2346-O-Penta-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-cou

maroylsu

crose

AcAc

AcAc

GH

HAc

Musellalasio

carpa

Aeria

lparts

[65]

9411015840 2346-O-Penta-acetyl-31015840-O

-cis-cou

maroylsu

crose

AcAc

AcAc

Cis-

coum

aroyl

HH

AcMusellalasio

carpa

Aeria

lparts

[65]

9511015840 236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-cis-

feruloylsucrose

AcH

AcAc

Cis-feruloyl

HH

AcSparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[66]

9611015840 246-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-fe

ruloylsucrose

AcAc

HAc

IH

HAc

Sparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[66]

9711015840 236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-fe

ruloylsucrose

AcH

AcAc

IH

HAc

Sparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[67]

98Sibirio

sideA

MH

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]

99SibricoseA

1K

HH

HH

HH

HCy

nanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

[69]

100

6-O-C

affeoylsucrose

JH

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]

101

Acretosid

eI

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

102

Tenu

ifolisideB

FH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[4256]

103

Tenu

ifolisideC

KH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[374256]

104

Heterosmilasid

eH

HI

HH

IH

HHeterosmila

xerythrantha

Aeria

lparts

[48]

105

Quiqu

esetinerviusideA

HI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

106

Quiqu

esetinerviusideB

AcI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

107

Quiqu

esetinerviusideC

HI

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

108

Quiqu

esetinerviusideD

AcG

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

109

Quiqu

esetinerviusideE

HG

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

110

Vanicosid

eAI

HH

AcG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Polyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[51527172]

111

Vanicosid

eBI

HH

HG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Persica

riahydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[4351527172]

112

Vanicosid

eDG

HH

HG

GH

GPersica

riahydropiper

Leaves

[51]

113

Vanicosid

eEI

AcH

AcG

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

114

LapathosideA

IH

HH

GG

HI

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Fagopyrum

dibotrys

Stem

sRh

izom

es[5173]

115

LapathosideC

IH

HH

GG

HH

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Stem

s[4352]

116

DibosideA

GH

HH

GI

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umFagopyrum

dibotrys

Roots

Rhizom

es[57]

117

Hidropiperosid

eAI

HH

HH

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

118

Hidropiperosid

eBI

HH

AcG

GH

IPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

119

Tataris

ideB

IH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

120

Tataris

ideC

IAc

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

121

Tataris

ideD

GH

HAc

GI

HH

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

122

Tataris

ideF

GH

HH

II

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

123

310158406-O

-Di-sinapoylsu

crose

KH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis


Polyg

alasib

irica

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Cynanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

Root

barks

Who

leplants

Aeria

lparts

[37ndash394153ndash

566974]

124

661015840-O

-Di-c

oumaroylsu

crose

GH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

125

11015840 3101584061015840-O

-Tri-

coum

aroyl-6

-feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

126

3101584061015840-O

-Di-c


-di-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

127

31015840-O

-Cou

maroyl-11015840610158406-O

-tri-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

IG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

128

11015840 31015840610158406-O

-Tetra-fe

ruloylsucrose

IH

HH

II

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

SeeS

chem

e2


131130129

CH2OHOH

OH

OO

OH

C

C

HH

HHO

OO

O

HO

HOHO

HO

HOOH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

HO

OH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

Figure 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

Scheme 2






50values of 234







5014352 120583M)


5033958 33066 and 31449 120583M


50


50values of 91 127









50value of about 1843 120583M [70]











See Scheme 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

O

O

O

18

18

1616

16

14

N linolenoyl

O linoleyl

P palmitoyl

Q myristoyl

O

O

O



Scheme 3








H3CO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

O O

OO O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH2OAc

H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

H3CO

H3CO H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH3O

H

HOHO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OH

H3CO H3CO

H

CH2CH2 HO

HO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OAc

H3CO

H

CH2

140 141 142

143 144 145

Figure 4



O

OOO

O

R2O

R4O

R3O

R6O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OR1

OR5CH2OR7

Scheme 4







OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOHOH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

OHOH

H

H H

HO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

HO

HO

HO

OO

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OO

O

OO

OOOO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

150 151 152

153 180

AcO

AcO

AcOAcO

OAc

OAc

CH2OH

OHOH

OH OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

CH3O

Figure 5












O

OO

O

O

O

O

OR1

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

HOHO

HO

HO

OR2

R3O

CH2OH

Scheme 5





50values of 44ndash




R6O

R2O

OR3

OR5

OR4

CH2OR1

OCH3

Rham

OO

O

OO O

O

O

O

OO

RhamO

O

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHHO

HO

HO


Scheme 6













50= 22ndash77120583M) with




181 H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

HH

Benzyl

Benzyl

Benzyl

182

183

184 Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

185

186

187

188

189

R1 R2 R3

R1 R2 R3 R4

OCH3

R3OH2C OR2

OR1

OR1

O

O

O

O O

OOO

O

OO

O

OH

OH

OH OH

OH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

C

R2O

R3O

CH2OR4


CH3

CH3

191190 192

193

O

C C

O

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

HOOH

OH

OH

OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

HO

C C

R998400O

R998400

Figure 6











4 Conclusion




References



























































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of

















Table2Ph

enylprop

anoid-deriv

eddisaccharid

eeste

rs

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

35Sibiric

oseA

6H

HH

HK

HH

HPolyg

alatricornis

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

Root

barks

[37ndash40

]

3631015840-O


A5

HH

HH

IH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Trillium

kamtsc

haticum

Roots

Und

ergrou

ndparts

[38ndash42]

37GlomeratoseA

HH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

38LapathosideD

HH

HH

GG

HH

Polyg

onum

sachalinense

Stem

s[43]

39Helo

niosideA

HH

HH

II

HH

Trillium

kamtsc

haticum

Smila

xbracteata

Paris

polyphylla

varyunn

anensis

Und

ergrou

ndparts

Aeria

lparts

Roots

[4144

45]

40Helo

niosideB

AcH

HH

II

HH

Smila

xbracteata

Smila

xchina

Smila

xrip

aria

Heterosmila

xerythrantha

Aeria

lparts

Stem

sRo

otsa

ndrhizom

es

[4446

ndash48]

41Paris

polysid

eFH

HH

HG

IH

HPa

risPolyphylla

varyunn

anensis

Rhizom

es[4950]

42Hydropiperosid

eH

HH

HG

GH

GPolyg

onum

sachalinense

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Persica

riahydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

[435152]

43Tricorno

seB

DAc

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

44Tenu

ifolisideA

FH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia


Polyg

alasib

irica

Roots

Who

leplants

Aeria

lparts

[3840

4253ndash

56]

45Tataris

ideA

AcH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

46Tataris

ideE

HH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

47Tataris

ideG

HH

HH

IG

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

48Sm

iglasid

eAAc

AcH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

49Sm

iglasid

eBAc

HH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

50Sm

iglasid

eEAc

HH

AcI

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

51Sm

ilasid

eAAc

AcH

HI

IH

HSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

52Sm

ilasid

eBH

HH

AcI

IH

HSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

53Sm

ilasid

eCH

HH

HI

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

54Sm

ilasid

eDH

HH

HI

IAc

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

55Sm

ilasid

eEAc

HH

HI

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Smila

xchina

Aeria

lparts

Stem

s[4446

]

56Sm

ilasid

eFAc

HH

AcG

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

57Sm

ilasid

eGH

HH

HG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

58Sm

ilasid

eHH

HH

AcG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

59Sm

ilasid

eIAc

HH

HG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

60Sm

ilasid

eJH

HH

HG

IH

ISm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

61Sm

ilasid

eKH

HH

AcI

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

62Sm

ilasid

eLH

HH

HI

IH

ISm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

63Sm

ilasid

eMAc

HH

AcCis-feruloyl

IH

HSm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

64Sm

ilasid

eNAc

HH

AcI

Cis-

feruloyl

HH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

65Sm

ilasid

ePH

HH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

66310158404101584061015840-O

-Tri-

feruloylsucrose

HH

HH

II

IH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rhizom

esand

roots

[60]

6761015840-O

-Cou

maroylsu

crose

HH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

6811015840 -O-C

oumaroyl-61015840-O

-feruloylsucrose

HH

HH

HI

HG

Smila

xbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

694-O-Benzoyl-31015840-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

HD

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

706-O-Benzoyl-31015840-O

-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

DH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

716-O-Benzoyl-31015840-O

-sin

apoylsu

crose

DH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

726-O-p-M

etho


-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

EH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[56]

7326-Di-a

cetyl-3101584061015840-di-

feruloylsucrose

AcH

HAc

II

HH

Smila

xchina

Smila

xrip

aria

Heterosmila

xerythrantha

Stem

sRo

otsa

ndrhizom

esAe

rialp

arts

[46ndash

4859]

7426-Di-a

cetyl-31015840-O

-cis-feruloy-

61015840-tr

ans-feruloylsucrose

AcH

HAc

Cis-feruloy

IH

HSm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

7526-Di-a

cetyl-31015840-O

-tran

s-feruloy-


AcH

HAc

ICis-

feruloyl

HH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

76Re

galosid

eAAc

HH

HI

HH

HTrillium

kamtsc

haticum

Und

ergrou

ndparts

[41]

77Tricorno

seA

AcH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

78Mum

eose

AH

HH

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

79Mum

eose

BAc

HAc

HG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

80Mum

eose

CAc

HAc

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

81Mum

eose

DAc

AcAc

AcG

HH

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

82Mum

eose

EAc

AcAc

AcCis-

coum

aroyl

HH

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

83Mum

eose

FAc

AcAc

HG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

84Mum

eose

GAc

HAc

HG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

85Mum

eose

HH

HAc

AcG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

86Mum

eose

IAc

AcAc

HG

AcH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

87Mum

eose

JAc

AcAc

AcG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63 ]

88Mum

eose

KH

HAc

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

89Mum

eose

LAc

HAc

AcG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

90Mum

eose

MAc

AcAc

HG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

91Mum

eose

NAc

AcAc

HG

AcAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

92Mum

eose

OAc

HAc

AcG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

9311015840 2346-O-Penta-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-cou

maroylsu

crose

AcAc

AcAc

GH

HAc

Musellalasio

carpa

Aeria

lparts

[65]

9411015840 2346-O-Penta-acetyl-31015840-O

-cis-cou

maroylsu

crose

AcAc

AcAc

Cis-

coum

aroyl

HH

AcMusellalasio

carpa

Aeria

lparts

[65]

9511015840 236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-cis-

feruloylsucrose

AcH

AcAc

Cis-feruloyl

HH

AcSparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[66]

9611015840 246-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-fe

ruloylsucrose

AcAc

HAc

IH

HAc

Sparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[66]

9711015840 236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-fe

ruloylsucrose

AcH

AcAc

IH

HAc

Sparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[67]

98Sibirio

sideA

MH

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]

99SibricoseA

1K

HH

HH

HH

HCy

nanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

[69]

100

6-O-C

affeoylsucrose

JH

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]

101

Acretosid

eI

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

102

Tenu

ifolisideB

FH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[4256]

103

Tenu

ifolisideC

KH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[374256]

104

Heterosmilasid

eH

HI

HH

IH

HHeterosmila

xerythrantha

Aeria

lparts

[48]

105

Quiqu

esetinerviusideA

HI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

106

Quiqu

esetinerviusideB

AcI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

107

Quiqu

esetinerviusideC

HI

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

108

Quiqu

esetinerviusideD

AcG

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

109

Quiqu

esetinerviusideE

HG

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

110

Vanicosid

eAI

HH

AcG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Polyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[51527172]

111

Vanicosid

eBI

HH

HG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Persica

riahydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[4351527172]

112

Vanicosid

eDG

HH

HG

GH

GPersica

riahydropiper

Leaves

[51]

113

Vanicosid

eEI

AcH

AcG

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

114

LapathosideA

IH

HH

GG

HI

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Fagopyrum

dibotrys

Stem

sRh

izom

es[5173]

115

LapathosideC

IH

HH

GG

HH

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Stem

s[4352]

116

DibosideA

GH

HH

GI

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umFagopyrum

dibotrys

Roots

Rhizom

es[57]

117

Hidropiperosid

eAI

HH

HH

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

118

Hidropiperosid

eBI

HH

AcG

GH

IPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

119

Tataris

ideB

IH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

120

Tataris

ideC

IAc

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

121

Tataris

ideD

GH

HAc

GI

HH

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

122

Tataris

ideF

GH

HH

II

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

123

310158406-O

-Di-sinapoylsu

crose

KH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis


Polyg

alasib

irica

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Cynanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

Root

barks

Who

leplants

Aeria

lparts

[37ndash394153ndash

566974]

124

661015840-O

-Di-c

oumaroylsu

crose

GH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

125

11015840 3101584061015840-O

-Tri-

coum

aroyl-6

-feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

126

3101584061015840-O

-Di-c


-di-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

127

31015840-O

-Cou

maroyl-11015840610158406-O

-tri-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

IG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

128

11015840 31015840610158406-O

-Tetra-fe

ruloylsucrose

IH

HH

II

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

SeeS

chem

e2


131130129

CH2OHOH

OH

OO

OH

C

C

HH

HHO

OO

O

HO

HOHO

HO

HOOH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

HO

OH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

Figure 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

Scheme 2






50values of 234







5014352 120583M)


5033958 33066 and 31449 120583M


50


50values of 91 127









50value of about 1843 120583M [70]











See Scheme 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

O

O

O

18

18

1616

16

14

N linolenoyl

O linoleyl

P palmitoyl

Q myristoyl

O

O

O



Scheme 3








H3CO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

O O

OO O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH2OAc

H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

H3CO

H3CO H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH3O

H

HOHO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OH

H3CO H3CO

H

CH2CH2 HO

HO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OAc

H3CO

H

CH2

140 141 142

143 144 145

Figure 4



O

OOO

O

R2O

R4O

R3O

R6O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OR1

OR5CH2OR7

Scheme 4







OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOHOH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

OHOH

H

H H

HO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

HO

HO

HO

OO

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OO

O

OO

OOOO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

150 151 152

153 180

AcO

AcO

AcOAcO

OAc

OAc

CH2OH

OHOH

OH OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

CH3O

Figure 5












O

OO

O

O

O

O

OR1

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

HOHO

HO

HO

OR2

R3O

CH2OH

Scheme 5





50values of 44ndash




R6O

R2O

OR3

OR5

OR4

CH2OR1

OCH3

Rham

OO

O

OO O

O

O

O

OO

RhamO

O

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHHO

HO

HO


Scheme 6













50= 22ndash77120583M) with




181 H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

HH

Benzyl

Benzyl

Benzyl

182

183

184 Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

185

186

187

188

189

R1 R2 R3

R1 R2 R3 R4

OCH3

R3OH2C OR2

OR1

OR1

O

O

O

O O

OOO

O

OO

O

OH

OH

OH OH

OH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

C

R2O

R3O

CH2OR4


CH3

CH3

191190 192

193

O

C C

O

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

HOOH

OH

OH

OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

HO

C C

R998400O

R998400

Figure 6











4 Conclusion




References



























































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of

















Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

55Sm

ilasid

eEAc

HH

HI

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Smila

xchina

Aeria

lparts

Stem

s[4446

]

56Sm

ilasid

eFAc

HH

AcG

IH

GSm

ilaxchina

Stem

s[46]

57Sm

ilasid

eGH

HH

HG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

58Sm

ilasid

eHH

HH

AcG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

59Sm

ilasid

eIAc

HH

HG

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

60Sm

ilasid

eJH

HH

HG

IH

ISm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

61Sm

ilasid

eKH

HH

AcI

IH

GSm

ilaxbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

62Sm

ilasid

eLH

HH

HI

IH

ISm

ilaxbracteata

Smilacis

glabrae

Aeria

lparts

Rhizom

es[4458]

63Sm

ilasid

eMAc

HH

AcCis-feruloyl

IH

HSm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

64Sm

ilasid

eNAc

HH

AcI

Cis-

feruloyl

HH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

65Sm

ilasid

ePH

HH

AcI

IH

ISm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[47]

66310158404101584061015840-O

-Tri-

feruloylsucrose

HH

HH

II

IH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rhizom

esand

roots

[60]

6761015840-O

-Cou

maroylsu

crose

HH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

6811015840 -O-C

oumaroyl-61015840-O

-feruloylsucrose

HH

HH

HI

HG

Smila

xbracteata

Aeria

lparts

[44]

694-O-Benzoyl-31015840-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

HD

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

706-O-Benzoyl-31015840-O

-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

DH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

716-O-Benzoyl-31015840-O

-sin

apoylsu

crose

DH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

726-O-p-M

etho


-345-

trim

etho

xycinn

amoylsu

crose

EH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[56]

7326-Di-a

cetyl-3101584061015840-di-

feruloylsucrose

AcH

HAc

II

HH

Smila

xchina

Smila

xrip

aria

Heterosmila

xerythrantha

Stem

sRo

otsa

ndrhizom

esAe

rialp

arts

[46ndash

4859]

7426-Di-a

cetyl-31015840-O

-cis-feruloy-

61015840-tr

ans-feruloylsucrose

AcH

HAc

Cis-feruloy

IH

HSm

ilaxrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

7526-Di-a

cetyl-31015840-O

-tran

s-feruloy-


AcH

HAc

ICis-

feruloyl

HH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

76Re

galosid

eAAc

HH

HI

HH

HTrillium

kamtsc

haticum

Und

ergrou

ndparts

[41]

77Tricorno

seA

AcH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

78Mum

eose

AH

HH

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

79Mum

eose

BAc

HAc

HG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

80Mum

eose

CAc

HAc

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

81Mum

eose

DAc

AcAc

AcG

HH

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

82Mum

eose

EAc

AcAc

AcCis-

coum

aroyl

HH

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

83Mum

eose

FAc

AcAc

HG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

84Mum

eose

GAc

HAc

HG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

85Mum

eose

HH

HAc

AcG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

86Mum

eose

IAc

AcAc

HG

AcH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

87Mum

eose

JAc

AcAc

AcG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63 ]

88Mum

eose

KH

HAc

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

89Mum

eose

LAc

HAc

AcG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

90Mum

eose

MAc

AcAc

HG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

91Mum

eose

NAc

AcAc

HG

AcAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

92Mum

eose

OAc

HAc

AcG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

9311015840 2346-O-Penta-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-cou

maroylsu

crose

AcAc

AcAc

GH

HAc

Musellalasio

carpa

Aeria

lparts

[65]

9411015840 2346-O-Penta-acetyl-31015840-O

-cis-cou

maroylsu

crose

AcAc

AcAc

Cis-

coum

aroyl

HH

AcMusellalasio

carpa

Aeria

lparts

[65]

9511015840 236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-cis-

feruloylsucrose

AcH

AcAc

Cis-feruloyl

HH

AcSparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[66]

9611015840 246-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-fe

ruloylsucrose

AcAc

HAc

IH

HAc

Sparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[66]

9711015840 236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-fe

ruloylsucrose

AcH

AcAc

IH

HAc

Sparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[67]

98Sibirio

sideA

MH

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]

99SibricoseA

1K

HH

HH

HH

HCy

nanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

[69]

100

6-O-C

affeoylsucrose

JH

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]

101

Acretosid

eI

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

102

Tenu

ifolisideB

FH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[4256]

103

Tenu

ifolisideC

KH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[374256]

104

Heterosmilasid

eH

HI

HH

IH

HHeterosmila

xerythrantha

Aeria

lparts

[48]

105

Quiqu

esetinerviusideA

HI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

106

Quiqu

esetinerviusideB

AcI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

107

Quiqu

esetinerviusideC

HI

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

108

Quiqu

esetinerviusideD

AcG

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

109

Quiqu

esetinerviusideE

HG

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

110

Vanicosid

eAI

HH

AcG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Polyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[51527172]

111

Vanicosid

eBI

HH

HG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Persica

riahydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[4351527172]

112

Vanicosid

eDG

HH

HG

GH

GPersica

riahydropiper

Leaves

[51]

113

Vanicosid

eEI

AcH

AcG

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

114

LapathosideA

IH

HH

GG

HI

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Fagopyrum

dibotrys

Stem

sRh

izom

es[5173]

115

LapathosideC

IH

HH

GG

HH

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Stem

s[4352]

116

DibosideA

GH

HH

GI

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umFagopyrum

dibotrys

Roots

Rhizom

es[57]

117

Hidropiperosid

eAI

HH

HH

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

118

Hidropiperosid

eBI

HH

AcG

GH

IPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

119

Tataris

ideB

IH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

120

Tataris

ideC

IAc

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

121

Tataris

ideD

GH

HAc

GI

HH

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

122

Tataris

ideF

GH

HH

II

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

123

310158406-O

-Di-sinapoylsu

crose

KH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis


Polyg

alasib

irica

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Cynanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

Root

barks

Who

leplants

Aeria

lparts

[37ndash394153ndash

566974]

124

661015840-O

-Di-c

oumaroylsu

crose

GH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

125

11015840 3101584061015840-O

-Tri-

coum

aroyl-6

-feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

126

3101584061015840-O

-Di-c


-di-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

127

31015840-O

-Cou

maroyl-11015840610158406-O

-tri-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

IG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

128

11015840 31015840610158406-O

-Tetra-fe

ruloylsucrose

IH

HH

II

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

SeeS

chem

e2


131130129

CH2OHOH

OH

OO

OH

C

C

HH

HHO

OO

O

HO

HOHO

HO

HOOH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

HO

OH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

Figure 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

Scheme 2






50values of 234







5014352 120583M)


5033958 33066 and 31449 120583M


50


50values of 91 127









50value of about 1843 120583M [70]











See Scheme 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

O

O

O

18

18

1616

16

14

N linolenoyl

O linoleyl

P palmitoyl

Q myristoyl

O

O

O



Scheme 3








H3CO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

O O

OO O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH2OAc

H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

H3CO

H3CO H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH3O

H

HOHO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OH

H3CO H3CO

H

CH2CH2 HO

HO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OAc

H3CO

H

CH2

140 141 142

143 144 145

Figure 4



O

OOO

O

R2O

R4O

R3O

R6O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OR1

OR5CH2OR7

Scheme 4







OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOHOH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

OHOH

H

H H

HO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

HO

HO

HO

OO

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OO

O

OO

OOOO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

150 151 152

153 180

AcO

AcO

AcOAcO

OAc

OAc

CH2OH

OHOH

OH OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

CH3O

Figure 5












O

OO

O

O

O

O

OR1

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

HOHO

HO

HO

OR2

R3O

CH2OH

Scheme 5





50values of 44ndash




R6O

R2O

OR3

OR5

OR4

CH2OR1

OCH3

Rham

OO

O

OO O

O

O

O

OO

RhamO

O

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHHO

HO

HO


Scheme 6













50= 22ndash77120583M) with




181 H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

HH

Benzyl

Benzyl

Benzyl

182

183

184 Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

185

186

187

188

189

R1 R2 R3

R1 R2 R3 R4

OCH3

R3OH2C OR2

OR1

OR1

O

O

O

O O

OOO

O

OO

O

OH

OH

OH OH

OH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

C

R2O

R3O

CH2OR4


CH3

CH3

191190 192

193

O

C C

O

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

HOOH

OH

OH

OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

HO

C C

R998400O

R998400

Figure 6











4 Conclusion




References



























































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of

















Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

7526-Di-a

cetyl-31015840-O

-tran

s-feruloy-


AcH

HAc

ICis-

feruloyl

HH

Smila

xrip

aria

Rootsa

ndrhizom

es[59]

76Re

galosid

eAAc

HH

HI

HH

HTrillium

kamtsc

haticum

Und

ergrou

ndparts

[41]

77Tricorno

seA

AcH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Roots

[37]

78Mum

eose

AH

HH

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

79Mum

eose

BAc

HAc

HG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

80Mum

eose

CAc

HAc

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

81Mum

eose

DAc

AcAc

AcG

HH

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

82Mum

eose

EAc

AcAc

AcCis-

coum

aroyl

HH

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[6263]

83Mum

eose

FAc

AcAc

HG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

84Mum

eose

GAc

HAc

HG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

85Mum

eose

HH

HAc

AcG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

86Mum

eose

IAc

AcAc

HG

AcH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63]

87Mum

eose

JAc

AcAc

AcG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[63 ]

88Mum

eose

KH

HAc

AcG

HH

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

89Mum

eose

LAc

HAc

AcG

HAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

90Mum

eose

MAc

AcAc

HG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

91Mum

eose

NAc

AcAc

HG

AcAc

HPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

92Mum

eose

OAc

HAc

AcG

HAc

AcPrun

usmum

eFlow

erbu

ds[64]

9311015840 2346-O-Penta-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-cou

maroylsu

crose

AcAc

AcAc

GH

HAc

Musellalasio

carpa

Aeria

lparts

[65]

9411015840 2346-O-Penta-acetyl-31015840-O

-cis-cou

maroylsu

crose

AcAc

AcAc

Cis-

coum

aroyl

HH

AcMusellalasio

carpa

Aeria

lparts

[65]

9511015840 236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-cis-

feruloylsucrose

AcH

AcAc

Cis-feruloyl

HH

AcSparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[66]

9611015840 246-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-fe

ruloylsucrose

AcAc

HAc

IH

HAc

Sparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[66]

9711015840 236-O-Tetra-acetyl-31015840-O

-tra

ns-fe

ruloylsucrose

AcH

AcAc

IH

HAc

Sparganium

stolonifer

umRh

izom

es[67]

98Sibirio

sideA

MH

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]

99SibricoseA

1K

HH

HH

HH

HCy

nanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

[69]

100

6-O-C

affeoylsucrose

JH

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]

101

Acretosid

eI

HH

HH

HH


Roots

[68]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

102

Tenu

ifolisideB

FH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[4256]

103

Tenu

ifolisideC

KH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[374256]

104

Heterosmilasid

eH

HI

HH

IH

HHeterosmila

xerythrantha

Aeria

lparts

[48]

105

Quiqu

esetinerviusideA

HI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

106

Quiqu

esetinerviusideB

AcI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

107

Quiqu

esetinerviusideC

HI

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

108

Quiqu

esetinerviusideD

AcG

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

109

Quiqu

esetinerviusideE

HG

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

110

Vanicosid

eAI

HH

AcG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Polyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[51527172]

111

Vanicosid

eBI

HH

HG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Persica

riahydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[4351527172]

112

Vanicosid

eDG

HH

HG

GH

GPersica

riahydropiper

Leaves

[51]

113

Vanicosid

eEI

AcH

AcG

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

114

LapathosideA

IH

HH

GG

HI

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Fagopyrum

dibotrys

Stem

sRh

izom

es[5173]

115

LapathosideC

IH

HH

GG

HH

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Stem

s[4352]

116

DibosideA

GH

HH

GI

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umFagopyrum

dibotrys

Roots

Rhizom

es[57]

117

Hidropiperosid

eAI

HH

HH

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

118

Hidropiperosid

eBI

HH

AcG

GH

IPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

119

Tataris

ideB

IH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

120

Tataris

ideC

IAc

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

121

Tataris

ideD

GH

HAc

GI

HH

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

122

Tataris

ideF

GH

HH

II

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

123

310158406-O

-Di-sinapoylsu

crose

KH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis


Polyg

alasib

irica

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Cynanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

Root

barks

Who

leplants

Aeria

lparts

[37ndash394153ndash

566974]

124

661015840-O

-Di-c

oumaroylsu

crose

GH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

125

11015840 3101584061015840-O

-Tri-

coum

aroyl-6

-feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

126

3101584061015840-O

-Di-c


-di-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

127

31015840-O

-Cou

maroyl-11015840610158406-O

-tri-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

IG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

128

11015840 31015840610158406-O

-Tetra-fe

ruloylsucrose

IH

HH

II

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

SeeS

chem

e2


131130129

CH2OHOH

OH

OO

OH

C

C

HH

HHO

OO

O

HO

HOHO

HO

HOOH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

HO

OH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

Figure 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

Scheme 2






50values of 234







5014352 120583M)


5033958 33066 and 31449 120583M


50


50values of 91 127









50value of about 1843 120583M [70]











See Scheme 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

O

O

O

18

18

1616

16

14

N linolenoyl

O linoleyl

P palmitoyl

Q myristoyl

O

O

O



Scheme 3








H3CO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

O O

OO O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH2OAc

H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

H3CO

H3CO H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH3O

H

HOHO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OH

H3CO H3CO

H

CH2CH2 HO

HO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OAc

H3CO

H

CH2

140 141 142

143 144 145

Figure 4



O

OOO

O

R2O

R4O

R3O

R6O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OR1

OR5CH2OR7

Scheme 4







OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOHOH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

OHOH

H

H H

HO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

HO

HO

HO

OO

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OO

O

OO

OOOO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

150 151 152

153 180

AcO

AcO

AcOAcO

OAc

OAc

CH2OH

OHOH

OH OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

CH3O

Figure 5












O

OO

O

O

O

O

OR1

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

HOHO

HO

HO

OR2

R3O

CH2OH

Scheme 5





50values of 44ndash




R6O

R2O

OR3

OR5

OR4

CH2OR1

OCH3

Rham

OO

O

OO O

O

O

O

OO

RhamO

O

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHHO

HO

HO


Scheme 6













50= 22ndash77120583M) with




181 H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

HH

Benzyl

Benzyl

Benzyl

182

183

184 Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

185

186

187

188

189

R1 R2 R3

R1 R2 R3 R4

OCH3

R3OH2C OR2

OR1

OR1

O

O

O

O O

OOO

O

OO

O

OH

OH

OH OH

OH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

C

R2O

R3O

CH2OR4


CH3

CH3

191190 192

193

O

C C

O

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

HOOH

OH

OH

OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

HO

C C

R998400O

R998400

Figure 6











4 Conclusion




References



























































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of

















Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

102

Tenu

ifolisideB

FH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[4256]

103

Tenu

ifolisideC

KH

HH

LH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Roots

[374256]

104

Heterosmilasid

eH

HI

HH

IH

HHeterosmila

xerythrantha

Aeria

lparts

[48]

105

Quiqu

esetinerviusideA

HI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

106

Quiqu

esetinerviusideB

AcI

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

107

Quiqu

esetinerviusideC

HI

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

108

Quiqu

esetinerviusideD

AcG

HH

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

109

Quiqu

esetinerviusideE

HG

HAc

II

HH

Calamus

quiquesetin

ervius

Stem

s[70]

110

Vanicosid

eAI

HH

AcG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Polyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[51527172]

111

Vanicosid

eBI

HH

HG

GH

G

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Persica

riahydropiper

Stem

sLeaves

Rhizom

es[4351527172]

112

Vanicosid

eDG

HH

HG

GH

GPersica

riahydropiper

Leaves

[51]

113

Vanicosid

eEI

AcH

AcG

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

114

LapathosideA

IH

HH

GG

HI

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Fagopyrum

dibotrys

Stem

sRh

izom

es[5173]

115

LapathosideC

IH

HH

GG

HH

Polyg

onum

sachalinensis

Polyg

onum

cuspidatum

Stem

s[4352]

116

DibosideA

GH

HH

GI

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umFagopyrum

dibotrys

Roots

Rhizom

es[57]

117

Hidropiperosid

eAI

HH

HH

GH

GPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

118

Hidropiperosid

eBI

HH

AcG

GH

IPolyg

onum

hydropiper

Stem

sand

leaves

[72]

119

Tataris

ideB

IH

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]


Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

120

Tataris

ideC

IAc

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

121

Tataris

ideD

GH

HAc

GI

HH

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

122

Tataris

ideF

GH

HH

II

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

123

310158406-O

-Di-sinapoylsu

crose

KH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis


Polyg

alasib

irica

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Cynanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

Root

barks

Who

leplants

Aeria

lparts

[37ndash394153ndash

566974]

124

661015840-O

-Di-c

oumaroylsu

crose

GH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

125

11015840 3101584061015840-O

-Tri-

coum

aroyl-6

-feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

126

3101584061015840-O

-Di-c


-di-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

127

31015840-O

-Cou

maroyl-11015840610158406-O

-tri-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

IG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

128

11015840 31015840610158406-O

-Tetra-fe

ruloylsucrose

IH

HH

II

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

SeeS

chem

e2


131130129

CH2OHOH

OH

OO

OH

C

C

HH

HHO

OO

O

HO

HOHO

HO

HOOH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

HO

OH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

Figure 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

Scheme 2






50values of 234







5014352 120583M)


5033958 33066 and 31449 120583M


50


50values of 91 127









50value of about 1843 120583M [70]











See Scheme 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

O

O

O

18

18

1616

16

14

N linolenoyl

O linoleyl

P palmitoyl

Q myristoyl

O

O

O



Scheme 3








H3CO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

O O

OO O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH2OAc

H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

H3CO

H3CO H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH3O

H

HOHO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OH

H3CO H3CO

H

CH2CH2 HO

HO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OAc

H3CO

H

CH2

140 141 142

143 144 145

Figure 4



O

OOO

O

R2O

R4O

R3O

R6O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OR1

OR5CH2OR7

Scheme 4







OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOHOH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

OHOH

H

H H

HO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

HO

HO

HO

OO

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OO

O

OO

OOOO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

150 151 152

153 180

AcO

AcO

AcOAcO

OAc

OAc

CH2OH

OHOH

OH OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

CH3O

Figure 5












O

OO

O

O

O

O

OR1

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

HOHO

HO

HO

OR2

R3O

CH2OH

Scheme 5





50values of 44ndash




R6O

R2O

OR3

OR5

OR4

CH2OR1

OCH3

Rham

OO

O

OO O

O

O

O

OO

RhamO

O

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHHO

HO

HO


Scheme 6













50= 22ndash77120583M) with




181 H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

HH

Benzyl

Benzyl

Benzyl

182

183

184 Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

185

186

187

188

189

R1 R2 R3

R1 R2 R3 R4

OCH3

R3OH2C OR2

OR1

OR1

O

O

O

O O

OOO

O

OO

O

OH

OH

OH OH

OH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

C

R2O

R3O

CH2OR4


CH3

CH3

191190 192

193

O

C C

O

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

HOOH

OH

OH

OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

HO

C C

R998400O

R998400

Figure 6











4 Conclusion




References



























































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of

















Table2Con

tinued

Num

ber

Nam

eR 1

R 2R 3

R 4R 5

R 6R 7

R 8Source

Parts

Reference

120

Tataris

ideC

IAc

HAc

GG

HAc

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

121

Tataris

ideD

GH

HAc

GI

HH

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

122

Tataris

ideF

GH

HH

II

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[57]

123

310158406-O

-Di-sinapoylsu

crose

KH

HH

KH

HH

Polyg

alatricornis


Polyg

alasib

irica

Polyg

alatenu

ifolia

Cynanchu

mam

plexica

ule

Roots

Root

barks

Who

leplants

Aeria

lparts

[37ndash394153ndash

566974]

124

661015840-O

-Di-c

oumaroylsu

crose

GH

HH

HG

HH

Bidens

parviflora

Who

leplants

[61]

125

11015840 3101584061015840-O

-Tri-

coum

aroyl-6

-feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HG

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

126

3101584061015840-O

-Di-c


-di-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

GG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

127

31015840-O

-Cou

maroyl-11015840610158406-O

-tri-

feruloylsucrose

IH

HH

IG

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

128

11015840 31015840610158406-O

-Tetra-fe

ruloylsucrose

IH

HH

II

HI

Fagopyrum

tataric

umRo

ots

[7576]

SeeS

chem

e2


131130129

CH2OHOH

OH

OO

OH

C

C

HH

HHO

OO

O

HO

HOHO

HO

HOOH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

HO

OH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

Figure 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

Scheme 2






50values of 234







5014352 120583M)


5033958 33066 and 31449 120583M


50


50values of 91 127









50value of about 1843 120583M [70]











See Scheme 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

O

O

O

18

18

1616

16

14

N linolenoyl

O linoleyl

P palmitoyl

Q myristoyl

O

O

O



Scheme 3








H3CO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

O O

OO O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH2OAc

H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

H3CO

H3CO H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH3O

H

HOHO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OH

H3CO H3CO

H

CH2CH2 HO

HO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OAc

H3CO

H

CH2

140 141 142

143 144 145

Figure 4



O

OOO

O

R2O

R4O

R3O

R6O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OR1

OR5CH2OR7

Scheme 4







OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOHOH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

OHOH

H

H H

HO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

HO

HO

HO

OO

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OO

O

OO

OOOO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

150 151 152

153 180

AcO

AcO

AcOAcO

OAc

OAc

CH2OH

OHOH

OH OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

CH3O

Figure 5












O

OO

O

O

O

O

OR1

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

HOHO

HO

HO

OR2

R3O

CH2OH

Scheme 5





50values of 44ndash




R6O

R2O

OR3

OR5

OR4

CH2OR1

OCH3

Rham

OO

O

OO O

O

O

O

OO

RhamO

O

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHHO

HO

HO


Scheme 6













50= 22ndash77120583M) with




181 H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

HH

Benzyl

Benzyl

Benzyl

182

183

184 Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

185

186

187

188

189

R1 R2 R3

R1 R2 R3 R4

OCH3

R3OH2C OR2

OR1

OR1

O

O

O

O O

OOO

O

OO

O

OH

OH

OH OH

OH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

C

R2O

R3O

CH2OR4


CH3

CH3

191190 192

193

O

C C

O

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

HOOH

OH

OH

OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

HO

C C

R998400O

R998400

Figure 6











4 Conclusion




References



























































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of

















131130129

CH2OHOH

OH

OO

OH

C

C

HH

HHO

OO

O

HO

HOHO

HO

HOOH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

HO

OH

OHOHOH

OHOH

HOO

O

O

O

HO

Figure 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

Scheme 2






50values of 234







5014352 120583M)


5033958 33066 and 31449 120583M


50


50values of 91 127









50value of about 1843 120583M [70]











See Scheme 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

O

O

O

18

18

1616

16

14

N linolenoyl

O linoleyl

P palmitoyl

Q myristoyl

O

O

O



Scheme 3








H3CO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

O O

OO O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH2OAc

H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

H3CO

H3CO H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH3O

H

HOHO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OH

H3CO H3CO

H

CH2CH2 HO

HO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OAc

H3CO

H

CH2

140 141 142

143 144 145

Figure 4



O

OOO

O

R2O

R4O

R3O

R6O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OR1

OR5CH2OR7

Scheme 4







OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOHOH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

OHOH

H

H H

HO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

HO

HO

HO

OO

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OO

O

OO

OOOO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

150 151 152

153 180

AcO

AcO

AcOAcO

OAc

OAc

CH2OH

OHOH

OH OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

CH3O

Figure 5












O

OO

O

O

O

O

OR1

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

HOHO

HO

HO

OR2

R3O

CH2OH

Scheme 5





50values of 44ndash




R6O

R2O

OR3

OR5

OR4

CH2OR1

OCH3

Rham

OO

O

OO O

O

O

O

OO

RhamO

O

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHHO

HO

HO


Scheme 6













50= 22ndash77120583M) with




181 H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

HH

Benzyl

Benzyl

Benzyl

182

183

184 Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

185

186

187

188

189

R1 R2 R3

R1 R2 R3 R4

OCH3

R3OH2C OR2

OR1

OR1

O

O

O

O O

OOO

O

OO

O

OH

OH

OH OH

OH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

C

R2O

R3O

CH2OR4


CH3

CH3

191190 192

193

O

C C

O

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

HOOH

OH

OH

OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

HO

C C

R998400O

R998400

Figure 6











4 Conclusion




References



























































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of
























See Scheme 3

12

3

4

5

6

1998400

2998400

3998400

4998400

5998400

6998400

HO

O

O

R1O

R2O

R8O

R7OOR3

OR4 OR5OR6

O

O

O

18

18

1616

16

14

N linolenoyl

O linoleyl

P palmitoyl

Q myristoyl

O

O

O



Scheme 3








H3CO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

O O

OO O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH2OAc

H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

H3CO

H3CO H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH3O

H

HOHO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OH

H3CO H3CO

H

CH2CH2 HO

HO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OAc

H3CO

H

CH2

140 141 142

143 144 145

Figure 4



O

OOO

O

R2O

R4O

R3O

R6O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OR1

OR5CH2OR7

Scheme 4







OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOHOH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

OHOH

H

H H

HO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

HO

HO

HO

OO

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OO

O

OO

OOOO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

150 151 152

153 180

AcO

AcO

AcOAcO

OAc

OAc

CH2OH

OHOH

OH OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

CH3O

Figure 5












O

OO

O

O

O

O

OR1

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

HOHO

HO

HO

OR2

R3O

CH2OH

Scheme 5





50values of 44ndash




R6O

R2O

OR3

OR5

OR4

CH2OR1

OCH3

Rham

OO

O

OO O

O

O

O

OO

RhamO

O

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHHO

HO

HO


Scheme 6













50= 22ndash77120583M) with




181 H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

HH

Benzyl

Benzyl

Benzyl

182

183

184 Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

185

186

187

188

189

R1 R2 R3

R1 R2 R3 R4

OCH3

R3OH2C OR2

OR1

OR1

O

O

O

O O

OOO

O

OO

O

OH

OH

OH OH

OH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

C

R2O

R3O

CH2OR4


CH3

CH3

191190 192

193

O

C C

O

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

HOOH

OH

OH

OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

HO

C C

R998400O

R998400

Figure 6











4 Conclusion




References



























































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of

















H3CO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

O O

OO O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH2OAc

H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OH

H3CO

H3CO H3CO

HOHO

HO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

OH

OCH3

CH2OH

CH2OAc

CH3O

H

HOHO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OH

H3CO H3CO

H

CH2CH2 HO

HO

HO

HO

HOO O

OO O

OO

OH

OCH3

CH2OHCH2OAc

H3CO

H

CH2

140 141 142

143 144 145

Figure 4



O

OOO

O

R2O

R4O

R3O

R6O

OH

OH

OH

OH

OR1

OR5CH2OR7

Scheme 4







OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOHOH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

OHOH

H

H H

HO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

HO

HO

HO

OO

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OO

O

OO

OOOO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

150 151 152

153 180

AcO

AcO

AcOAcO

OAc

OAc

CH2OH

OHOH

OH OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

CH3O

Figure 5












O

OO

O

O

O

O

OR1

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

HOHO

HO

HO

OR2

R3O

CH2OH

Scheme 5





50values of 44ndash




R6O

R2O

OR3

OR5

OR4

CH2OR1

OCH3

Rham

OO

O

OO O

O

O

O

OO

RhamO

O

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHHO

HO

HO


Scheme 6













50= 22ndash77120583M) with




181 H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

HH

Benzyl

Benzyl

Benzyl

182

183

184 Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

185

186

187

188

189

R1 R2 R3

R1 R2 R3 R4

OCH3

R3OH2C OR2

OR1

OR1

O

O

O

O O

OOO

O

OO

O

OH

OH

OH OH

OH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

C

R2O

R3O

CH2OR4


CH3

CH3

191190 192

193

O

C C

O

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

HOOH

OH

OH

OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

HO

C C

R998400O

R998400

Figure 6











4 Conclusion




References



























































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of

















OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOHOH

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OH

OHOH

H

H H

HO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

HO

HO

HO

OO

O

O

OO

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

OO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

OO

O

OO

OOOO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HOHO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

150 151 152

153 180

AcO

AcO

AcOAcO

OAc

OAc

CH2OH

OHOH

OH OHOH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

CH3O

Figure 5












O

OO

O

O

O

O

OR1

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

HOHO

HO

HO

OR2

R3O

CH2OH

Scheme 5





50values of 44ndash




R6O

R2O

OR3

OR5

OR4

CH2OR1

OCH3

Rham

OO

O

OO O

O

O

O

OO

RhamO

O

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHHO

HO

HO


Scheme 6













50= 22ndash77120583M) with




181 H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

HH

Benzyl

Benzyl

Benzyl

182

183

184 Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

185

186

187

188

189

R1 R2 R3

R1 R2 R3 R4

OCH3

R3OH2C OR2

OR1

OR1

O

O

O

O O

OOO

O

OO

O

OH

OH

OH OH

OH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

C

R2O

R3O

CH2OR4


CH3

CH3

191190 192

193

O

C C

O

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

HOOH

OH

OH

OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

HO

C C

R998400O

R998400

Figure 6











4 Conclusion




References



























































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of



















O

OO

O

O

O

O

OR1

OH

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

HOHO

HO

HO

OR2

R3O

CH2OH

Scheme 5





50values of 44ndash




R6O

R2O

OR3

OR5

OR4

CH2OR1

OCH3

Rham

OO

O

OO O

O

O

O

OO

RhamO

O

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHHO

HO

HO


Scheme 6













50= 22ndash77120583M) with




181 H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

HH

Benzyl

Benzyl

Benzyl

182

183

184 Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

185

186

187

188

189

R1 R2 R3

R1 R2 R3 R4

OCH3

R3OH2C OR2

OR1

OR1

O

O

O

O O

OOO

O

OO

O

OH

OH

OH OH

OH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

C

R2O

R3O

CH2OR4


CH3

CH3

191190 192

193

O

C C

O

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

HOOH

OH

OH

OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

HO

C C

R998400O

R998400

Figure 6











4 Conclusion




References



























































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of

















R6O

R2O

OR3

OR5

OR4

CH2OR1

OCH3

Rham

OO

O

OO O

O

O

O

OO

RhamO

O

OH

OH

OHOH

OH

OHOH

OHHO

HO

HO


Scheme 6













50= 22ndash77120583M) with




181 H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

HH

Benzyl

Benzyl

Benzyl

182

183

184 Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

185

186

187

188

189

R1 R2 R3

R1 R2 R3 R4

OCH3

R3OH2C OR2

OR1

OR1

O

O

O

O O

OOO

O

OO

O

OH

OH

OH OH

OH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

C

R2O

R3O

CH2OR4


CH3

CH3

191190 192

193

O

C C

O

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

HOOH

OH

OH

OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

HO

C C

R998400O

R998400

Figure 6











4 Conclusion




References



























































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of

















181 H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H H

HH

Benzyl

Benzyl

Benzyl

182

183

184 Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

Ac

185

186

187

188

189

R1 R2 R3

R1 R2 R3 R4

OCH3

R3OH2C OR2

OR1

OR1

O

O

O

O O

OOO

O

OO

O

OH

OH

OH OH

OH

O O

O

O

OH

HO

OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

OH

OH

HO

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

CH2OH

C

R2O

R3O

CH2OR4


CH3

CH3

191190 192

193

O

C C

O

OO

OO

OO

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHHO

HO

HOOH

OH

OH

OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

HO

HO

C C

R998400O

R998400

Figure 6











4 Conclusion




References



























































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of
























4 Conclusion




References



























































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of




































































































































of






Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Journal of

ObesityJournal of
















Review Article An Update on Oligosaccharides and Their ...

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