Review 5 rome
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Transcript of Review 5 rome
RomeRome
VERISTIC (Topographical)VERISTIC (Topographical)
Blunt, unidealized portraits,Blunt, unidealized portraits,intended to convey intended to convey Republican virtues through Republican virtues through physiognomyphysiognomy(the study of the face):(the study of the face):--seriousness--seriousness--experience--experience--loyalty--loyalty--determination--determination
Rome: Republican-era sculptureRome: Republican-era sculpture
BATTLE OF ACTIUM (31 BC) BATTLE OF ACTIUM (31 BC)
Naval Battle, Ionian SeaNaval Battle, Ionian Sea
Octavian vs. combined Octavian vs. combined forces of Marc Antony and forces of Marc Antony and Cleopatra (Egyptian Cleopatra (Egyptian Ptolomeic Queen)Ptolomeic Queen)
Octavian: adopted son of Octavian: adopted son of Julius CaesarJulius Caesar
Caesarion: son of Julius Caesarion: son of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra; Marc Caesar and Cleopatra; Marc Antony, aligned with Antony, aligned with Cleopatra, tried to promote Cleopatra, tried to promote Caesarion as the true heir of Caesarion as the true heir of CaesarCaesar
27 BC:27 BC:AUGUSTUS AUGUSTUS (“Supreme(“SupremeRuler”) Ruler”)
Roman Empire Roman Empire
OctavianOctavian AugustusAugustus
Greek idealism: Greek idealism: generic generic (the perfectibility (the perfectibility of human nature)of human nature)
Roman idealism: Roman idealism: specific (highly specific (highly propagandistic)propagandistic)
Rome: Imperial sculpture Rome: Imperial sculpture
Greece:Greece:DoryphorosDoryphoros
Rome: AugustusRome: Augustus
Rome: Imperial sculpture Rome: Imperial sculpture
Augustus of Prima Porta Augustus of Prima Porta
Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima PortaRome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta
Ideal:Ideal:genericgenericideaidea
Ideal:Ideal:specificspecific
individualindividual
Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima PortaRome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta
Cupid: Son of Venus; Cupid: Son of Venus; father of Aeneas father of Aeneas
Dolphin: Symbol of Venus; Dolphin: Symbol of Venus; born from the sea born from the sea
Julio-Claudian line:Julio-Claudian line:Claimed to be Claimed to be
descended descended from Aeneasfrom Aeneas
Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass)Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass)
Parthian Parthian
Standard Standard
Roman soldier Roman soldier
Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass)Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass)
Caelus: canopy of the sky Caelus: canopy of the sky
Moon: descending Moon: descending Sun: ascending Sun: ascending
Apollo: sun Apollo: sun Diana: moon Diana: moon
Mother Earth figure with Mother Earth figure with cornucopia (horn of cornucopia (horn of plenty): Wealth and plenty): Wealth and
bounty of the new age bounty of the new age that is dawning that is dawning
Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass)Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass)
Return of standards signifies Return of standards signifies the dawn of a new era under of the dawn of a new era under of pride and patriotism under pride and patriotism under Augustus, which will lead to Augustus, which will lead to Roman prosperity.Roman prosperity.
Ara Pacis AugustaeAra Pacis Augustae
Ara: altarAra: altarPacis: peacePacis: peace
Augustae: AugustanAugustae: Augustan
““The Altar ofThe Altar ofAugustan Peace”Augustan Peace”
Rome: early Imperial art—Augustan propagandaRome: early Imperial art—Augustan propagandaARA PACISARA PACIS
Context:Context:CAMPUS MARTIUSCAMPUS MARTIUS
Rome: early Imperial art—Augustan propagandaRome: early Imperial art—Augustan propagandaARA PACISARA PACIS
Rome: early Imperial art—Augustan propagandaRome: early Imperial art—Augustan propagandaARA PACISARA PACIS
AeneasAeneasShrine Shrine
Sow Sow
Peace and bounty carried over earth and sea, blown by wind Peace and bounty carried over earth and sea, blown by wind and carried by waters to four corners of the earthand carried by waters to four corners of the earth
++
Rome: early Imperial art—Augustan propagandaRome: early Imperial art—Augustan propagandaARA PACISARA PACIS
POMPEIIPOMPEIIMT. VESUVIUSMT. VESUVIUS
Roman paintingRoman painting
NERO:NERO:--He commits suicide in --He commits suicide in 68 AD.68 AD.--The Senate declares him --The Senate declares him an enemy of the state an enemy of the state and Galba, a Roman and Galba, a Roman governor in Spain, governor in Spain, marches on Rome.marches on Rome.--Nero commits suicide --Nero commits suicide and Galba becomesand Galba becomes emperoremperor--Galba is assassinated --Galba is assassinated and two other emperors and two other emperors quickly come and goquickly come and go--The eastern armies --The eastern armies declare their general,declare their general, Vespasian, as emperor.Vespasian, as emperor.
Vespasian Vespasian
Rome: Imperial portraiture—Vespasian (return to veristic style)Rome: Imperial portraiture—Vespasian (return to veristic style)
Vespasian Vespasian
Flavian Ampitheater:Flavian Ampitheater:““COLOSSEUM” COLOSSEUM”
Doric (Tuscan)Doric (Tuscan)
Corinthian pilastersCorinthian pilasters
Corinthian Corinthian
IonicIonic
Roman architecture: The COLOSSEUMRoman architecture: The COLOSSEUM
Roman architecture: arch constructionRoman architecture: arch construction
VOUSSOIRS:VOUSSOIRS:wedge-shaped blocks wedge-shaped blocks which comprise an which comprise an archarch
KEYSTONE:KEYSTONE:Central voussoirsCentral voussoirs
FORCE ABSORBS FORCEFORCE ABSORBS FORCE= STABILITY= STABILITY
Roman architecture: arch constructionRoman architecture: arch construction
ARCADE: Series of archesARCADE: Series of arches
Roman architecture: arch constructionRoman architecture: arch construction
Roman architecture: arch constructionRoman architecture: arch construction
VAULT: an arch extended in space VAULT: an arch extended in space
Roman monuments: arches Roman monuments: arches
Arch of TitusArch of Titus
TRIUMPHAL ARCH TRIUMPHAL ARCH (Triumph)(Triumph)
Triumphal ColumnsTriumphal ColumnsColumn of TrajanColumn of Trajan
Roman monuments: columns Roman monuments: columns
Roman monuments: The Column of Trajan Roman monuments: The Column of Trajan
Celebrates victory over the Dacians Celebrates victory over the Dacians
Roman architecture: Forums—Basilicas Roman architecture: Forums—Basilicas
Roman architecture: Basilicas Roman architecture: Basilicas
APSEAPSEAPSE APSE
NAVE: main hall NAVE: main hall
NAVENAVE
APSE: semi-ciruclar space APSE: semi-ciruclar space at ends at ends
Roman Imperial portraiture: HadrianRoman Imperial portraiture: Hadrian
Bearded: Bearded: To appear moreTo appear more
““Greek”Greek”
Roman architecture: Villa Adriana (Hadrian’s Villa), Tivoli Roman architecture: Villa Adriana (Hadrian’s Villa), Tivoli
Roman architecture: Villa Adriana (Hadrian’s Villa), Tivoli Roman architecture: Villa Adriana (Hadrian’s Villa), Tivoli
Antinoos:Antinoos: Hadrian’sHadrian’s loverlover
CANOPUS:CANOPUS:Surrounded by statues of Surrounded by statues of
Antinoos as NarcissusAntinoos as Narcissus
PANTHEON:PANTHEON: All the (planetary) godsAll the (planetary) gods
Hadrianic architecture: The Pantheon Hadrianic architecture: The Pantheon
DiocletianDiocletian The TETRARCHY:The TETRARCHY:Four rulersFour rulers
(Augusti and Caesari)(Augusti and Caesari)
Constantine (the Great) Constantine (the Great)
Battle of the Milvian Bridge, Battle of the Milvian Bridge, 312 AD312 AD
The Vision of ConstantineThe Vision of Constantine
CHI RHO CHI RHO ““Chi” + “rho” + istos Chi” + “rho” + istos
““Christos” Christos”
The Arch of Constantine The Arch of Constantine
SPOLIA SPOLIA
The Arch of Constantine The Arch of Constantine
Carved for the arch:Carved for the arch:a less classical stylea less classical style
Spolia—recycled fromSpolia—recycled fromearlier monuments:earlier monuments:
classical styleclassical style