Review!

1. How did the dynastic cycle end in the early 20th century?

2. In what ways did Mao initially try to follow the Soviet model of development?

3. How did cadres contribute to famine during the Great Leap Forward?

4. What was Mao trying to accomplish during the Cultural Revolution? How did that turn out?

Chinese History Since Mao

How did China become an economic rival to the United States?

Deng Xiaoping

• After Mao died, different groups tried to win power

• Gang of Four—Blamed for failures of Cultural Revolution

• Moderates, led by Deng Xiaoping, won control

• If you had to modernize the Chinese economy following Maoism, what would you do?

• Remember what happened with shock therapy (even though it hadn’t happened yet), and remember what communism is all about…

Reforms under Deng Xiaoping

• Four Modernizations—Industry, Agriculture, Science, and the Military

• Special Economic Zones—Deng set up four capitalist areas in Southern China to experiment with capitalism

• China occasionally adds more SEZ’s

• Industry—Deng Xiaoping set up “Open Door Policy (trading with other countries, even the U.S.!)

• Agriculture—Broke up Mao’s collective farms, (no more quotas to meet) set up household responsibility system (after paying taxes, families can sell or eat their own crops)

• Science—High academic standards, expansion of research and universities, sending students and professors abroad to study

• Military—Use foreign technology and research to modernize the military

The Iron Rice Bowl

• Under Mao—Iron Rice Bowl—Cradle to grave health care, job, retirement care

• Deng Xiaoping—Broke Iron Rice Bowl

• Allowed more market reforms, increased GDP, but also increased unemployment and inequality

Deng Xiaoping’s Legacy—1979-1989• Socialist Market Economy• Allowed private business, kinda

– Township and village enterprises (bamboo capitalism)

• Economic Liberalization--the loosening of government regulations in a country to allow for private sector companies to operate business transactions with fewer restrictions (still lots of state ownership though)

• No political liberalization—Maintain one party rule

“Comrade Deng Xiaoping”

• “Great Marxist, great Proletarian Revolutionary, statesman, military strategist, and diplomat; one of the main leaders of the Communist Party of China, the People's Liberation Army of China, and the People's Republic of China; The great architect of China's socialist opening-up and modernized construction; the founder of Deng Xiaoping Theory".

Generations of Chinese Leadership• 1st Generation—Mao and Red Army, Long

March followers, hardcore commies• 2nd Generation—1976-1992—Deng

Xiaoping and his followers • 3rd Generation—Educated before Sino-

Soviet split (many educated in Russian engineering schools)

• 4th Generation—Educated during Cultural Revolution (later got actual education), still technocrats and engineers, Hu Jintao leader

• 5th Generation— “Princelings” (brats)—Xi Jinping leader, grew up after capitalism was introduced to China, many are entrepeneurs

Jiang Zemin

• General Secretary of Communist Party of China—1989-2002

• Continued Deng Xiaoping’s economic policies of open markets and special economic zones

• China became a member of the WTO in 2001

Hu Jintao 2002-2012

• 1st leader from the time period when the Cultural Revolution destroyed higher education (4th Generation)

• Eventually graduated as an engineer

• Shows how the CCP has moved from cadres to technocrats

• Slowed economic reforms, maintained state control of major industries

Xi Jinping—2012-present• 1st leader of the 5th

Generation— “Princelings” (grew up in a more privileged China after Deng’s reforms)

• Promises to fight corruption, continue market reforms

• Anti-democracy, pro centralization of government and unity (especially on the internet)

• Becoming more involved in the South China Sea

• Princeling Brats

Moving Forward…

• What do you predict China will do moving forward?

• Democratization? • Continued market reforms?

Graphic timeline!

• You have the rest of class to add two events to your graphic timeline for China. It is due by the end of class.

• Thanksgiving Homework—Sorry, but I had to. We haven’t gotten a chance to practice much writing, so you have two short answer FRQ’s to do over the break. You should not spend longer than 15 minutes total on these responses.