Reversing The TrendRadiochemistry at the University of Missouri-

ColumbiaJ. David Robertson

Silvia Jurisson

Susan Lever

Department of Chemistry,

University of Missouri

Columbia, MO 65211

Radiochemistry in Chemistry Departments

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Nu

mb

er

PhDs in Nuclear & Radiochemistry Awarded at US Universities

05

10152025303540

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

Nu

mb

er

Data courtesy of S.B. Clark, Washington State University

1 Radiochemist per Department

Below “critical mass”

Reversing the Trend: University of Missouri Radiochemistry

1978 Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Training of Nuclear and Radiochemists, Division of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, American Chemical Society

Surveyed the status and future needs and supplies of manpower in nuclear and radiochemistry in the U.S.

1. The numbers of nuclear and radiochemistry faculty members were decreasing

2. There were few practicing radiochemists

3. Negative public perception had led to student reluctance to enter the field

4. The supply of students trained in these and related areas fell far short of meeting the projected national needs

Workshop on Training Requirements for Chemists in Nuclear Medicine, Nuclear Industry, and Related Areas National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 1988.

Participants from academic institutions, national laboratories, the nuclear power industry, the nuclear medicine community, the pharmaceutical industry, and government. Each panel concluded:

1. There was a serious shortage of chemists with a background in nuclear and radiochemistry

2. There was a serious shortage of bona fide nuclear and radiochemists

The Education and Training of Isotope Experts

A study for the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of The Committee on Science of the U.S. House of Representatives, Members of the Senior Scientists and Engineers of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1998

Study found “no recovery from the very serious diminution of the U.S. educational capability in isotope science and technology.”

From the 30 institutions in nuclear and radiochemistry responding to their survey, the data for numbers of graduates and numbers of fulltime faculty showed no improvement from the previous 1987 survey.

2007 NAS Report

Advancing Nuclear Medicine Through Innovation

Shortage of individuals being trained in radiochemistry and radiopharmaceutical chemistry

Journal of Nuclear Medicine 43:11N, 2002.

“while the spectacular benefits of nuclear and molecular imaging and targeted radiotherapy have long been recognized and are becoming more commonplace, there is a major inadequacy of supply of radiochemists and radiopharmacists to meet the ever increasing demands in the U.S. and around the world.”

Chemistry Department Radiochemistry Program

3 Chemistry Faculty– Silvia Jurisson—inorganic/radiochemistry– Susan Lever—organic/radiopharmaceutical

chemistry – Dave Robertson—radioanalytical/nuclear

chemistryRadiochemistry Courses at MU

– Introduction to Radiochemistry (with lab)• 35 to 45 students each year• Chemistry, Nuclear Engineering, Nuclear Medicine

– Advanced Radiochemistry– Nuclear Chemistry– Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry– Radiopharmaceuticals in Nuclear Medicine– Radiation Biology

University of Missouri MS and PhD Radiochemistry Students

• 26 PhD Graduates in Radiochemistry (1995 – 2007)– 10 US Citizens– Academia, Industry, National Labs

• 8 MS Graduates in Radiochemistry (1995 – 2007)– 3 US Citizens– Industry

• 20 Current Radiochemistry Graduate Students– 13 US Citizens

University of Missouri MS and PhD Radiochemistry Students

• REAP students:

• Dr. Paul Benny, Washington State University

• Dr. Jim Gawenis, University of Utah

• Dr. Leah Arrigo, SRNL Staff Scientist

• NSF graduate fellow:

• Dr. Rachel Popelka, NRC Postdoc at NIST

NIBIB Graduate Training (NIH T32) in Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry at University of Missouri (2007-2012)

Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of

Missouri

Silvia Jurisson (PI) Susan Lever (Co-PI) Martin

Brechbiel (site PI)

Internships at the NCI or BNL

JoannaFowler (site PI)

Radiochemistry NSF REU 04 - 07

REU Program

• 5 students in S04, 10-12 students S05-S07

• No Previous Exposure

• Weekly radiochemistry lecture

• Weekly literature discussion

Interdisciplinary Radiochemistry at the University of Missouri

• 10 MW University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR)

• 16.8 MeV Cyclotron Facility• Radiopharmaceutical Science Institute• Nuclear Science and Engineering Institute

Initial criticality was attained on October 13, 1966.

Designed and constructed to operate at 5 megawatts, the facility was upgraded to 10 megawatts in 1974.

6.5 day per week operation.

The compact core is surrounded by beryllium and graphite reflectors:

• Isotope Production

• Radiopharmaceutical

• Radioanalytical

• Archaeometry

• Epidemiology

• Environmental Science

University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR)

16th Bi-annual SSAC course

• Rebecca Stevens (LANL, Director)• Douglas E. Berning (LANL, Co-director)• J. David Robertson (University of Missouri – Columbia)• John Gahl (University of Missouri – Columbia)• Michael Flagg (University of Missouri – Columbia)• John McClelland-Kerr (Department of Energy)• Vladimir Cisar (International Atomic Energy Agency)

• May 20th – June 1st 2007• Columbia, MO• Directed by Los Alamos National Laboratory• Hosted by the University of Missouri – Columbia

and the Missouri University Research Reactor (MURR)

• Sponsored by the IAEA, Department of Energy, and Department of State

• 39 participants from 33 countries attended the course

State Systems of Accounting for and Control of Nuclear

Materials • Goal: – Provide participants with an in-depth

understanding of the requirements of a state in fulfilling its international safeguards obligations

• Objectives:– Demonstrated safeguards concepts

• Lectures, workshops, and visits to model facility (MURR)

• Question and answer session with panel group

– Panel group was comprised of personnel from countries with established SSAC programs

SSAC Group Photos

Nuclear Science and Engineering Institute (NSEI)

Core Faculty• Bill Miller• Sudarshan Loyolka• Mark Prelas• Tushar Ghosh• Bill Thompson• Wynn Volkert (Joint)• Dave Robertson (Joint)• Silvia Jurisson (Joint)• Mike Glascock (Joint)• John Gahl (Joint)

Department• Nuclear Engineering• Nuclear Engineering• Nuclear Engineering• Nuclear Engineering• Nuclear Engineering• Radiology• Chemistry• Chemistry• MURR• Electrical Engineering

Nuclear Energy Technology NETwork Center

Dr. William Miller, NSEI & MURR Randy Etter, Gayla Neumeyer, MURR

Radiation Protection Technician program • DOL grant• 79 students enrolled at ATC/Linn State• Program partners AZ, CA, VA, TX

Nuclear Quality Control Technician program• NRC grant• F08

UMC Medical School – Dept. of Internal MedicineDivision of Hematology & Medical Oncology

Michael C. Perry, M.D., FACPTimothy J. Hoffman, Ph.D.Carolyn J. Henry, D.V.M.**

Yubin Miao, Ph.D.*Lixin Ma, Ph.D*

Research Oncologist (New Recruit)

Scientific Collaboration Overview

RadiopharmaceuticalSciencesInstitute

*Primary Appointment**Joint Appointment

UMC Medical SchoolDept. of RadiologyWynn R. Volkert, Ph.D.*

Thomas P. Quinn, Ph.D.**Kattesh V. Katti, Ph.D.**John R. Lever, Ph.D.**

Jeff Smith, Ph.D**Bennett S. Greenspan, M.D.

Amolak Singh, M.D.

U.S. Dept. of Veterans AffairsH.S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital

Wynn A. Volkert, Ph.D.Timothy J. Hoffman, Ph.D.*Susan L. Deutscher, Ph.D.

Michael R. Lewis, Ph.D.John R. Lever, Ph.D.

Leonard R. Forte, Ph.D.*Thomas P. Dresser, M.D.

Jeff Smith, Ph.D.Yubin Miao, Ph.D.

Vladislav Glinskii, M.D.Ed Sauter, M.D.

Silvia Jurisson, Ph.D.

UMC College ofVeterinary MedicineMichael R. Lewis, Ph.D.*Carolyn J. Henry, D.V.M.*Jimmy C. Lattimer, D.V.M.

UMC Medical SchoolDept. of Biochemistry

Thomas P. Quinn, Ph.D.*Susan L. Deutscher, Ph.D.*

Wynn A. Volkert, Ph.D.**Vladislav Glinskii, M.D.*

Yubin Miao, Ph.D.**

UMC – College of Arts & ScienceDept. of ChemistrySilvia S. Jurisson, Ph.D.Susan Z. Lever, Ph.D.**Wynn A. Volkert, Ph.D.**

MU Research Reactor CenterAlan R. Ketring, Ph.D.

Cathy Cutler, Ph.D.Gary Ehrhardt, Ph.D.

Kattesh V. Katti, Ph.D.**Susan Z. Lever, Ph.D,**

Jeff Smith, Ph.D.**

UMC Medical Physiology & Pharmacology

Leonard R. Forte, Ph.D.*John Lever**

TJH-4/2004Faculty and Scientists Currently Funded or Actively Collaborating in Radiopharmaceutical Research

UMC Dept. of SurgeryEd Sauter, M.D.*

The 2008 Survey of Graduate Education and

Manpower Needs in Nuclear and Radiochemistry?