Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration Forward Osmosis forB5-2).pdf · Reverse osmosis and...
Transcript of Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration Forward Osmosis forB5-2).pdf · Reverse osmosis and...
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Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration
fouling
Chuyang Y. Tang ([email protected])
Associate Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of Hong Kong
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Forward Osmosis for
Desalination and
Wastewater Treatment
DSD International Conference, Hong Kong, Nov 11-12, 2014
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Outline
• Forward osmosis (FO) background
• Potential FO applications in Hong Kong
• FO membrane performance
• Conclusion
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Reverse osmosis
(RO)
Pressure retarded osmosis
(PRO)
Forward osmosis
(FO)
Water flux
Applied pressure Dp, Osmotic
pressure
High concentration solution
Membrane
Low concentration solution
FO, P = 0 (low energy!!!)
High concentration solution
Membrane
Low concentration solution
PRO, P < Dp
High concentration solution
Membrane
Low concentration solution
RO, P > Dp
3
Xu et al, JMS 348, 298-309, (2010)
RO, FO, & PRO
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The National Geography Magazine
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/big-idea/09/desalination-pg2
Forward osmosis
• Key features – High rejection (like RO membranes)
– Low pressure (low energy consumption)
– Low fouling
– Potential for resource recovery
• Potential applications – Seawater desalination
– Wastewater treatment
– Brine (and other difficult streams)
treatment
– Food processing
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Forward osmosis
Pressure retarded osmosis
McCutcheon, J. R.; McGinnis, R. L.; Elimelech, M., A novel ammonia-carbon dioxide forward (direct)
osmosis desalination process. Desalination 2005, 174, (1), 1-11.
Aaberg, R.J., Osmotic Power: A new and powerful renewable energy source? Refocus, 2003. 4(6): p. 48-50.
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FO PRO
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Potential applications in Hong Kong
6 http://www.zawsachsen.de/tl_files/sickwa/sickwa-plan-eng.png
Landfill leachate treatment
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Potential applications in Hong Kong
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Wastewater reclamation and energy recovery
L. Chen, Y. Gu, C. Cao, J. Zhang, J.-W. Ng and C.Y. Tang, Water Research, 2014, 50, 114-123.
FO-MBR and FO anaerobic MBR
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Potential applications in Hong Kong
Wastewater reclamation and energy recovery
L. Chen, Y. Gu, C. Cao, J. Zhang, J.-W. Ng and C.Y. Tang, Water
Research, 2014, 50, 114-123.
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Potential applications in Hong Kong
Waste volume reduction and resource recovery
Recovering Nutrients (N, K, P) from Urban Source-Separated Urine
J. Zhang, Q. She, V. W. C. Chang, C. Y. Tang and R. D. Webster, Environmental Science & Technology,
2014, 48, 3386-3394.
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Potential applications in Hong Kong
Household
wastewater
Wastewater
with reduced
volume
Diluted seawater
for toilet flushing
Reclaim wastewater for toilet flushing
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Potential applications in Hong Kong
Osmotic pump for reducing pumping energy
Osmotic pressure p
of seawater = 2.5 MPa
As long as P < p
Osmotic condition will
be maintained
Osmotic pumping can
provide a hydrostatic
head of up to 250 m!
Enough pressure to
deliver seawater w/o
mechanical pumping
for a 50-storey building
Diluted seawater
Household
wastewater
Wastewater
with reduced
volume
Hydrostatic
Pressure = gH
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Ideal FO
membranes
Rejection layer
High A value
Low B value
Support layer
Small S value
Thinner
more porous
lower tortuosity
tS
DS DS FW FW
FO performance modeling
feed
wdraww
AB
JAB
S
DJ
p
pln
feedw
draww
AJB
AB
S
DJ
p
pln
Lee et al. JMS 1981, 8, 141-171.
Loeb et al. JMS 1997, 129, 243-249.
C. Y. Tang et al., JMS 2010, 354, 123-133.
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FO performance simulation
13 Other simulation conditions: S = 0.4 mm and D = 1.69 x 10-9 m2/s (NaCl).
Wastewater treatment scenario Osmotic pressure:
Feed: 50 kPa (wastewater)
Draw: 2.5 MPa (seawater)
Desalination scenario Osmotic pressure:
Feed: 2.5 MPa (wastewater)
Draw: 10 MPa (seawater)
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FO performance simulation
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Desalination scenario Feed: 2.5 MPa (wastewater) Draw: 10 MPa (seawater)
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15 C. Y. Tang*; Q. She; W.C.L. Lay; R. Wang; Fane, A. G. JMS 2010, 354, 123-133.
Model verification
FO water flux
Porous support
Draw solution
Feed solution
Porous support
Feed solution
Draw solution
AL-DS
AL-FS
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FO fabrication – Thin film composite A flat sheet FO A hollow fiber FO
Wang, R.; Shi, L.; Tang, C. Y.; Chou, S.; Qiu, C.; Fane, A. G., Characterization of novel
forward osmosis hollow fiber membranes. Journal of Membrane Science 2010, 355, 158–167.
Chou, S.; Shi, L.; Wang, R.; Tang, C. Y.; Qiu, C.; Fane, A. G., Characteristics and potential
applications of a novel forward osmosis hollow fiber membrane. Desalination 2010, 261,
365-372.
Wei, J.; Qiu, C.; Tang, C. Y.; Wang, R.; Fane, A. G., Synthesis and Characterization of Flat-
sheet Thin Film Composite Forward Osmosis Membranes. Journal of Membrane Science
2011, 372, 292-302.
Wei, J.; Qiu, C.; Tang, C. Y.; Wang, R., Influence of Monomer Concentrations on the
Performance of Polyamide-based Thin Film Composite Forward Osmosis Membrane.
Journal of Membrane Science 2011, in press
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FO membrane prepared on nanocomposite substrate (PSfN0.5-TFC)
TFC PSfN0.5-TFC TFC PSfN0.5-TFC0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
AL-FSW
ate
r F
lux (
Jv, L/m
2-h
)AL-DS
DS = 0.5 M NaCl
DS = 1.0 M NaCl
DS = 2.0 M NaCl
(a)
Mixed matrix substrate for
controlling ICP
Ma et al., Nanocomposite Substrates for Controlling Internal Concentration
Polarization in Forward Osmosis Membranes, Journal of Membrane Science,
accepted for publication.
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Summary
• FO applications
– Wastewater
– Seawater
• FO membrane performance
– Membrane properties performance
– High performance FO membranes
18
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• Collaborators
– Wang Rong, Tony Fane, You Shijie, Victor Chang
• Students/Post-docs
– Qiu Changquan, Ma Ning, Wei Jing, Qi Saren, Wang
Yining, She Qianhong, Gao Yiben, Li Weiyi
• Support from Singapore Membrane Technology
Centre
Acknowledgements