Revaluation Stories by Krystal Knapp, Dec-Sept2010

8/8/2019 Revaluation Stories by Krystal Knapp, Dec-Sept2010

1/62

Igya0 ;223*7;*;9

Hjfaj~ma{u cm R{cmeayjmu uaa ma~ r{jra{ys vglqau

Ks D{suygl Dmgrr

Uraecgl yj Yha Ycfau

R[CMEAYJM YJ^MUHCR &Ag{ls maxy sag{, {auciamycgl r{jra{ys j~ma{u cm yha y~j

R{cmeayjmu ~cll {aeacva layya{u cmoj{fcmn yhaf jo yha ma~ guuauuai vglqau jo yhac{

r{jra{ycau-

Kj{jqnh {auciamyu ~cll {aeacva layya{u yha ~aad jo @gm- 9, gmi yj~muhcr {auciamyu ~cll

{aeacva layya{u g oa~ ~aadu lgya{-

Gy g {aeamy `jcmy kj{jqnh ejqmecl gmi yj~muhcr ejffcyyaa faaycmn, yha hagi jo yha oc{f

hgmilcmn yha guuauufamyu gmi yha R{cmeayjm ygx guuauuj{ qrigyai joocecglu jm yha uygyqu jo

yha guuauufamyu-

Yha lguy ycfa g {avglqgycjm ~gu ijma ~gu cm 733?-Yha y~j R{cmeayjmu ~a{a j{ia{ai ks

yha Ejqmys Kjg{i jo Ygxgycjm yj ejmiqey yha {avglqgycjm jo r{jra{ycau- Yha ma~ guuauuai

vglqau gu jo Jey- 7, ;223 ~cll ka quai yj egleqlgya r{jra{ys ygxau cm ;272-

+G {avglqgycjm cu mj fj{a yhgm gm aooj{y yj fgda uq{a ava{sjma cu rgscmn yhac{ ogc{ uhg{a,+

Grr{gcugl Usuyafu EAJ A{mauy Ial Nqa{ecj yjli joocecglu, ecycmn g Ma~ @a{uas uygyqya

yhgy egllu oj{ gll r{jra{ycau ka guuauuai gy 722 ra{eamy jo yhac{ y{qa fg{day vglqa-

+Yha ejmuycyqycjm gluj iafgmiu yhgy gll r{jra{ycau ka guuauuai ks yha ugfa uygmig{i jo

vglqa,+ ha ugci- +Yhgy cu yha das yj yha {avglqgycjm aooj{y- [avglqgycjm ijau mjy {gcua ygxau-

Cy egm mjy- Gll cy ijau cu cmuq{a ava{sjma cu rgscmn yhac{ ogc{ uhg{a, mj fj{a gmi mj lauu-+

Yha ejfrgms {arj{yai lguy sag{ yhgy kj{jqnh hjfau ~a{a guuauuai gy gkjqy 92 ra{eamy jo

yhac{ vglqa, ~hcla yj~muhcr hjfau ~a{a guuauuai gy gkjqy 9> ra{eamy jo yhac{ vglqa- Ial

Nqa{ecj ugci {auciamycgl r{jra{ycau nama{glls hgva mjy njma qr cm vglqa ucmea ;221, gmi cm

ujfa eguau hgva uaam g iae{agua cm vglqa- +Yhas.va kaam i{jrrcmn gy g {gya n{agya{ yhgm

ejffa{ecgl gmi cmiquy{cgl r{jra{ycau,+ ha ugci- +Cm yha {aeamy rguy yha{a hgu kaam g uhcoy &&

ujfaycfau ucnmcocegmy, ujfaycfau fcmj{ && o{jf {auciamycgl yj ejffa{ecgl-+

Grr{gcua{u hgva vcucyai gu fgms r{jra{ycau gu rjuuckla, Ial Nqa{ecj ugci, kqy ujfa

r{jra{ys j~ma{u +oj{ ~hgyava{ {agujm+ hgva mjy ncvam yha ejfrgms geeauu yj yhac{

hjfau- Yhas egm uycll uehaiqla g vcucy ~cyh yha ejfrgms- +Cm j{ia{ yj ij yha `jk r{jra{ls,

~a fquy uaa ava{s r{jra{ys mjy jmls o{jf yha jqyucia, kqy cmucia gu ~all,+ ha ugci-

Yha layya{u kacmn uamy jqy ~cll uygya yha y{qa fg{day vglqa jo yha r{jra{ys- Gll jo yha


2/62

guuauufamyu gmi yha ogeyj{u yhgy iaya{fcmai yhaf ~cll ka rjuyai jm yha ejfrgms.u ~ak

ucya gy gucm`-ejf uhj{yls goya{ yha layya{u g{a fgclai-

Gluj cmelqiai cm yha layya{u ~cll ka cmoj{fgycjm jm hj~ r{jra{ys j~ma{u egm uehaiqla gm

grrjcmyfamy ~cyh g fafka{ jo yha grr{gcugl ejfrgms yj icuequu yha guuauufamy gfjqmy

kaoj{a cy cu ocmglcpai-

+â amejq{gna rajrla yj gvgcl yhafualvau jo yhcu jrrj{yqmcys uj yhgy ava{sjma ~cll ka

ejmociamy yhgy yha {cnhy cmoj{fgycjm ~gu quai yj iaya{fcma yha vglqa gmi cmuq{a yha

guuauufamy cu ogc{ gmi awqcygkla,+ Ial Nqa{ecj ugci- +â ~cll ejmycmqa yj faay ~cyh

rajrla qmycl ~a hgva fay ~cyh ava{s cmya{auyai ecycpam jo yha kj{jqnh gmi yj~muhcr-+

Gy yhjua jma&jm&jma faaycmnu, ~hceh ~cll ka jooa{ai iq{cmn kqucmauu hjq{u, avamcmnu, gmi

Ugyq{igsu, g {ar{auamygycva jo Grr{gcugl Usuyafu ~cll {avca~ yha cmoj{fgycjm quai yj

iaya{fcma g rg{yceqlg{ r{jra{ys.u vglqa- R{jra{ys j~ma{u egm uhg{a cmoj{fgycjm yhas oaal

gooaeyu yha r{jra{ys vglqa gy yhgy faaycmn-

Jm j{ kaoj{a Oak- 7, g rjuyeg{i ~cll ka uamy yj r{jra{ys j~ma{u uygycmn yha joocecgl vglqa

jo yha r{jra{ys gmi ~hgy yha ygxau ~a{a yha r{avcjqu sag{- R{jra{ys j~ma{u ~cll hgva

qmycl Fgs 7 yj grragl- Goya{ yhgy igya, r{jra{y s j~ma{u ~hj icurqya yhac{ guuauufamyu

~jqli hgva yj ocla gm grragl ~cyh yha Ejqmys Kjg{i jo Ygxgycjm- Co r{jra{ys j~ma{u

icugn{aa ~cyh yha ejqmys ocmicmnu, yhas hgva 91 igsu yj ocla gm grragl ~cyh yha uygya-

Ial Nqa{ecj ~g{mai yhgy r{jra{ys j~ma{u uhjqli mjy grrls yha ma~ guuauufamy yj yha

jli ygx {gya- Yha ygx {gya ~cll ka {agi`quyai goya{ yha {avglqgycjm-

Yj~muhcr Ejffcyyaafgm Lgmea Lcva{fgm ~j{{cai yhgy {auciamyu ~hj ij mjy hgvaejfrqya{ geeauu, uqeh gu uamcj{u, ~jqli ka jqy jo yha ljjr cm ya{fu jo cmoj{fgycjm gkjqy

yha guuauufamyu- Joocecglu ugci yha ugfa cmoj{fgycjm yhgy cu jm yha âk ~jqli ka gvgclgkla

gy yha fqmcecrgl kqclicmnu-

Kj{jqnh Ejqmeclfgm Igvci Njliog{k ~gu ejmea{mai yhgy rajrla ~hj icugn{aa ~cyh yha

ejmelqucjmu jo yha guuauufamy dmj~ yhgy yhas hgva oq{yha{ {aejq{ua, giicmn0 +Yha

fauugna uhjqli ka yhgy ~ham rajrla g{a uycll qmhgrrs goya{ yha cmoj{fgl faaycmn ~cyh

sjq{ oc{f, yha{a cu g ehgmea yj ucy ij~m ~cyh yha guuauuj{-+


3/62

Igya0 ;272*27*;3

G ygla jo y~j ygx kcllu

R{cmeayjm Kj{jqnh {avglqgycjm hcdau kq{iam jm fjiauy hjfau

Ks D{suygl Dmgrr

URAECGL YJ YHA YCFAU

R[CMEAYJM KJ[JQNH & Ocnq{au jm yha kj{jqnh~cia r{jra{ys {avglqgycjm uhj~ yhgy

hjfaj~ma{u ~cyh yha lj~auy r{jra{ys vglqau, jm gva{gna, ~jqli uaa yha hcnhauy gva{gna

ra{eamygna ygx cme{agua ~hcla yhjua ~cyh yha hcnhauy r{jra{ys vglqau ~jqli uaa yhac{ ygxau

iae{agua, geej{icmn yj g Ycfau gmglsucu-

Yha {avglqgycjm mqfka{u hgva g{jquai ejmea{m gfjmn ujfa {auciamyu ~hj hgva uay gkjqy

gmglspcmn yha igyg jm yhac{ j~m- G ljjd gy y~j hjfau jm jrrjucya amiu jo yha uraey{qf

cllquy{gyau yha rjyamycgl aooaeyu jo yha {aguuauufamy-

Ygda oj{ cmuygmea 7; Lsyla Uy- R{avcjquls guuauuai gy )31,?22, yha r{jra{ys cu mj~

guuauuai gy )92;,>22- Ygxau qmia{ yha jli guuauufamy ~jqli hgva kaam gkjqy )9,;22 oj{

;223- Qmia{ yha ma~ guuauufamy yhas ~jqli ka gkjqy )8,;22, g icooa{amea jo )9,222

fj{a, j{ 31 ra{eamy-

Yham yha{a cu 77> Lck{g{s rlgea, oj{fa{ls {gmdai jma jo yha {auciamycgl r{jra{ycau ~cyh

yha hcnhauy vglqau cm yha kj{jqnh gy )7-33 fcllcjm- Cy cu mj~ guuauuai gy )5-9? fcllcjm-

Ygxau qmia{ yha jli guuauufamy ~jqli hgva kaam glfjuy )8>,522 oj{ ;223- Qmia{ yha ma~guuauufamy yhas ~jqli ka fj{a yhgm )>2,122, g iae{agua jo gkjqy )7?,>22, j{ fj{a yhgm

73 ra{eamy-

Yha lguy ycfa g kj{jqnh {avglqgycjm ~gu ejmiqeyai ~gu kged cm 733?- Yha ma~ guuauuai

vglqau ~cll ka quai yj egleqlgya r{jra{ys ygxau oj{ ;272-

[ar{auamygycvau o{jf Grr{gcugl Usuyafu, yha oc{f ejmiqeycmn yha {aguuauufamyu,

{arj{yai lguy sag{ yhgy kj{jqnh hjfau jm gva{gna ~a{a jmls guuauuai gy gkjqy 92 ra{eamy

jo yhac{ vglqa, ~hcla yj~muhcr hjfau ~a{a guuauuai gy gkjqy 9> ra{eamy jo yhac{ vglqa-

Cy grrag{u yhgy yha {aguuauufamy ~cll ~glljr yhjua {auciamyu yha fjuy ~hj j~m hjfau

oj{fa{ls guuauuai gy )7?>,222 j{ lauu, ~hceh cmelqiau gkjqy ;2 ra{eamy jo {auciamycgl

r{jra{ys j~ma{u cm yha kj{jqnh- G mqfka{ jo yhjua r{jra{ycau g{a ljegyai cm yha @jhm

^cyha{urjjm macnhkj{hjji, ~hcla jyha{u g{a ejmijfcmcqfu-

Geej{icmn yj yha igyg, yha gva{gna kj{jqnh {auciamycgl r{jra{ys vglqa cme{aguai o{jf

)59;,9>7 yj )>58,7?8, gm cme{agua jo 771-1 ra{eamy-


4/62

Ujfa hjfaj~ma{u ~cll uaa va{s lcyyla ehgmna cm yhac{ kcllu kaegqua yhac{ ehgmna cm vglqa

~gu gkjqy gva{gna- Ujfa {auciamyu ~cyh lj~a{ vglqai hjfau ~cll geyqglls uaa iae{aguau cm

yhac{ ygx kcllu, gmi ujfa jo yha r{ceca{ r{jra{ycau ~cll uaa cme{aguau-

Jm gva{gna, hjfaj~ma{u ~cyh r{jra{ycau oj{fa{ls {gmdai cm yha kjyyjf ;2 ra{eamy cm

ya{fu jo guuauuai vglqa ~jqli uaa yhac{ ygx rgsfamyu cme{agua gm gva{gna jo ;8 ra{eamy, j{gm gva{gna jo )7,;;1- Yhcu igyg cu kguai jm r{alcfcmg{s guuauufamy ocnq{au gmi guuqfau

yhgy yha ygx kgua uygsu yha ugfa-

Fagm~hcla, hjfaj~ma{u ~cyh r{jra{ycau oj{fa{ls {gmdai cm yha yjr ;2 ra{eamy cm ya{fu

jo guuauuai vglqa ~cll uaa yhac{ ygx rgsfamyu iae{agua gm gva{gna jo 8-9 ra{eamy, j{ gm

gva{gna jo );,853-

+Fj{a jo yha kq{iam cu kacmn rlgeai jm yhjua laguy gkla yj iagl ~cyh cy cm yhaua icooceqly

aejmjfce ycfau,+ ugci {auciamy Eh{cu Kgli~cm, ~hj kalcavau yha {avglqgycjm fayhjijljns

fgs ka olg~ai-

Ejqmeclfgm Igvci Njliog{k q{nai {auciamyu ~hj icurqya yhac{ ma~ guuauufamyu yj grragl

~cyh yha Fa{ea{ Ejqmys Kjg{i jo Ygxgycjm- Njliog{k gn{aai hcnha{&vglqa r{jra{ycau hgva

kaam hcy hg{iauy cm yha {aeamy r{jra{ys ulqfr-

Ejqmeclfgm [jna{ Fg{ycmiall ugci yha ejqmecl uhjqli ljjd cmyj yha cuuqa oq{yha{- Ejqmecl

R{auciamy Gmi{a~ Djjmyp uqnnauyai yhgy yha {aguuauufamy cuuqa ka rlgeai jm g oqyq{a

gnamig gmi yhgy yha kj{jqnh ygx guuauuj{ gmi {ar{auamygycvau o{jf Grr{gcugl Usuyafu

gyyami yha faaycmn-

K{ayy Y{jqy, yha vcea r{auciamy jo Grr{gcugl Usuyafu, ugci cm g rhjma cmya{vca~ sauya{igsyhgy ava{s r{jra{ys cm yj~m cu guuauuai gy g ogc{ fg{day {gya kguai jm ~hgy hjquau g{a

geyqglls uallcmn oj{-

+Ujfa r{jra{ycau nj qr, ujfa nj ij~m, ujfa uygs yha ugfa,+ ha ugci- +Yha {aicuy{ckqycjm

cu kguai jm vglqa, ~cyh gll hjfau guuauuai gy yha ugfa uygmig{i- G oj{fqlg cu mjy quai-+


5/62

Igya0 ;272*2;*21

R{cmeayjmcgmu ugs lgmi vglqau g{a gll jva{ yha fgr

Ks D{suygl DmgrrURAECGL YJ YHA YCFAU

R[CMEAYJM KJ[JQNH & Goya{ axgfcmcmn g kj{jqnh~cia {avglqgycjm yhgy hgu g{jquai

fqeh gmnuy cm yha ejffqmcys, {auciamy Ijm Ejx ~gmyu yj dmj~ ~hs guucnmai lgmi vglqau

cm hcu macnhkj{hjji grrag{ yj vg{s amj{fjquls, avam oj{ ljyu yhgy g{a mag{ls ciamycegl cm

ucpa-

Ejfrg{cmn yh{aa ucfclg{ls ucpai r{jra{ycau, Ejx ugci yha lgmi vglqa {gyau vg{s o{jf

)77-12 yj );5-1; yj )85-92 ra{ uwqg{a ojjy, kguai jm hcu gmglsucu-

+Cy grrag{u yhgy mj qmcoj{f faguq{afamy jo lgmi vglqa ~gu iaya{fcmai cm geej{igmea ~cyh

Uaeycjm 12;-9 jo yha Ma~ @a{uas Guuauuj{.u Hgmikjjd,+ ha ~{jya cm g layya{ yj yha

ejfrgms yhgy ici yha {avglqgycjm, Grr{gcugl Usuyafu-

Wqauycjmu lcda yhgy && cmelqicmn g ejmea{m yhgy yha {avglqgycjm fgs {auqly cm ygxau yhgy nj

qr fj{a cm ra{eamygna ya{fu oj{ j~ma{u jo ujfa jo yha ehagra{ r{jra{ycau cm yj~m yhgm

oj{ jyha{u && hgva yj~murajrla egllcmn oj{ g rqklce icuequucjm jo yha {avglqgycjm, ~hceh

njau cmyj aooaey yhcu sag{-

Kguai jm g Ycfau gmglsucu jo yha ma~ {avglqgycjm, yha gva{gna kj{jqnh {auciamycgl

r{jra{ys hgu cme{aguai cm vglqa ks ;-71 ycfau cyu 733? guuauufamy, kqy r{jra{ycau cm yhakjyyjf ;2 ra{eamy hgva cme{aguai gm gva{gna jo ;->7 ycfau, ~hcla r{jra{ycau cm yha yjr ;2

ra{eamy hgva jmls cme{aguai 7-38 ycfau-

Yhcu fagmu ujfa jo yha {auciamycgl r{jra{ys ygx kq{iam ~cll ka uhcoyai yj fj{a

fjia{gyals vglqai hjfau- Yha axgey cfrgey jm {auciamycgl r{jra{ys ygxau cm ;272 ~cll

iarami jm ehgmnau cm ejffa{ecgl r{jra{ys ygx vglqau gmi yha kj{jqnh kqinay- [auciamyu

ij hgva yha jrrj{yqmcys yj grragl yha ma~ vglqau-

Eh{cu Kgli~cm cu jma jo uava{gl {auciamyu ~hj hgva {gcuai wqauycjmu gkjqy yha

fayhjijljns quai yj iaya{fcma r{jra{ys vglqau iq{cmn yha {avglqgycjm- Ha ~gmyu fj{a

y{gmurg{ames gkjqy hj~ cy ~gu ijma-

Yha uhcoy cm yha {auciamycgl ygx kq{iam hgu uqeh cfrj{ygmy ejmuawqameau oj{ {auciamyu yhgy

Kgli~cm ugsu cy cu cfrj{ygmy kj{jqnh joocecglu {avca~ yha r{jeauu yj amuq{a geeq{ges,

ejmucuyames gmi ogc{mauu kaoj{a guuauufamyu g{a ocmglcpai-

+Ra{hgru yha ma~ guuauufamyu g{a va{s geeq{gya yj eq{{amy fg{day ejmicycjmu, kqy


6/62

ra{hgru mjy,+ ha ~{jya cm gm a&fgcl- +Yha wqauycjmu jm yha ygkla g{a, hj~ ~cll ~a dmj~

gmi ~hj ~cll iaecia:+

Cm giicycjm yj yha fayhjijljns quai yj iaya{fcma g hjfa.u vglqa, {auciamyu g{a ~jmia{cmn

hj~ yha grr{gcua{ iaocmai macnhkj{hjjiu, hj~ lgmi vglqau gmi hjqua vglqau ~a{a

~acnhai, gmi hj~ fqeh yha ejmicycjm jo g hjfa fgyya{ai-

Ejx, ~hj axr{auuai uq{r{cua gkjqy yha ~cials vg{scmn vglqau guucnmai yj uaafcmnls

ucfclg{ r{jra{ycau, ijaum.y yhcmd ej{{aey r{jeaiq{a ~gu ojllj~ai-

Geej{icmn yj uygya lg~, yha y{qa vglqa jo g r{jra{ys cu iaocmai gu yha r{cea gy ~hceh, cm yha

guuauuj{.u `qinfamy, ageh rg{eal jo {agl r{jra{ys ~jqli uall oj{ jm Jey- 7, ;223-

Joocecglu ugs Grr{gcugl Usuyafu cu ojllj~cmn uygya nqcialcmau gmi kgucmn guuauufamyu jm

yha y{qa fg{day vglqa jo hjfau, c-a-, ~hgy yhas egm uall oj{ cm yha fg{day- Grr{gcugl

Usuyafu jqylcmau yha guuauufamy r{jeauu cm nama{gl jm cyu ~akucya, ~~~-gucm`-ejf-

Oj{ yha kj{jqnh guuauufamyu, yha ejfrgms ljjdai gy fg{day igyg o{jf ;22>, ;228 gmi

;223 gmi hgu rjuyai uglau igyg gmi macnhkj{hjji guuauufamyu jm yha ~akucya- Yha

ejfrgms cu axraeyai yj rjuy cmoj{fgycjm jm yha ~akucya gkjqy ejffa{ecgl r{jra{ys

{aguuauufamyu ~cyhcm igsu, gu ~all gu g ygx cfrgey uygyafamy, k{jdam ij~m ks r{jra{ys

ysra- R{cmeayjm Yj~muhcr guuauufamyu ~cll ka fgclai jqy gmi rjuyai cm yha maxy oa~

~aadu-

Ejqmecl R{auciamy Gmi{a~ Djjmyp ugci g rqklce oj{qf cu g njji ciag, kqy gluj uy{auuai

yhgy rajrla ~hj hgva ejmea{mu gkjqy yhac{ cmicvciqgl guuauufamyu uhjqli faay ~cyh

Grr{gcugl Usuyafu gmi grragl co yhas oaal yha guuauufamyu g{a cmej{{aey-

Ejqmeclfgm [jna{ Fg{ycmiall gn{aai g rqklce oj{qf ~jqli ka r{jiqeycva, +uj yhgy yha

ejffqmcys egm hgva ejmociamea yhgy ~hgy ~gu ijma ~gu ijma ogc{ls- C axraey yhgy fs

ejllagnqau ~cll ejmvama g faaycmn ~cyh Grr{gcugl Usuyafu gmi ra{hgru yha yj~muhcr gu

~all cm j{ia{ yj icuequu yha fayhjijljns uj ava{sjma cu ejfoj{ygkla-+

Fg{ycmiall gluj ugci cmicvciqglu uhjqli grragl co yhas icugn{aa ~cyh yhac{ cmicvciqgl

guuauufamyu- ^hcla ha hgu mj {agujm uj og{ yj kalcava yha fayhjijljns cu olg~ai, ha ugci

cy cu cfrj{ygmy yj qmia{uygmi yha aooaeyu jm ygxrgsa{u-

+Co cy cu y{qa yhgy ea{ygcm rg{yu jo yj~m hgva njma qr r{jrj{ycjmglls n{agya{ yhgm jyha{

rg{yu jo yj~m- Yha{a ~cll ka fg{day oj{eau yhgy ~cll gooaey yha oqyq{a jo yhjua rg{yu jo

yj~m- Gmi co yhjua rg{yu jo yj~m cmelqia ygxrgsa{u ~hj g{a yha laguy ~all joo cm jq{

ejffqmcys, cy ~cll yami yj oj{ea yhjua ygxrgsa{u jqy jo yj~m-+

Fg{ycmiall ehg{geya{cpai ucnmcocegmy guuauufamy cme{aguau cm fj{a fjia{gya hjfau gu g

mangycva gmi g rjucycva- Yha ygx kq{iam ~cll ka n{agya{, kqy yha r{jra{ys cu gluj fj{a


7/62

vglqgkla gmi ualla{u egm ag{m fj{a- Fg{ycmiall axr{auuai ejmea{m gkjqy yha namy{cocegycjm

jo macnhkj{hjjiu gmi yha ljuu jo fjia{gyals r{ceai hjqucmn cm yj~m, ~hceh ha ugci ~jqli

ka +yj (yha# iay{cfamy jo yha amyc{a ejffqmcys, fgdcmn qu avam fj{a jo njliam nhayyj

yhgm ~a g{a yjigs-+


8/62

;272*25*;9

Fg{ycmiall nayu .joocecgl. amij{uafamy o{jf Iafje{gyu

Ks D{suygl Dmgrr


R[CMEAYJM KJ[JQNH & Cmeqfkamy Ejqmeclfgm [jna{ Fg{ycmiall cu yha ljmaegmicigya yj {aeacva yha joocecgl amij{uafamy jo yha ljegl Iafje{gyce j{ngmcpgycjm oj{ yhcusag{.u kj{jqnh ejqmecl {gea-

Ejqmecl R{auciamy Gmi{a~ Djjmyp ~cyhi{a~ o{jf yha {gea kaegqua ha {aeacvai yha mjio{jf ejqmys Iafje{gyu lguy ~aadami yj {qm oj{ o{aahjlia{ yhcu sag{-

Egmicigya Mced Dg{r gluj ~cyhi{a~ gmi ugsu ha ~cll ojequ hcu aooj{yu jm yha ma~lsoj{fai Ecycpam Ocmgmea Givjeges Ygudoj{ea, gm cmiaramiamy n{jqr oj{fai lgya lguy sag{yj {avca~ yha Kj{jqnh kqinay gmi ljjd oj{ ejuy ugvcmnu-

Fg{ycmiall, g lg~sa{ ~hj hgu ua{vai jm yha ejqmecl ucmea 7383, ~gu yha yjr vjya&nayya{ gyyha R{cmeayjm Ejffqmcys Iafje{gyce J{ngmcpgycjm amij{uafamy faaycmn Uqmigs mcnhy,{aeacvcmn >5 ra{eamy jo yha vjyau eguy ks kj{jqnh gmi yj~muhcr Iafje{gyu ~hj gyyamiaiyha faaycmn- Ha {aeacvai >> ra{eamy jo yha vjyau eguy ks kj{jqnh ialangyau, rquhcmn hcf~all kasjmi yha ?2 ra{eamy yh{auhjli maaiai oj{ yha REIJ.u joocecgl amij{uafamy-

Egmicigya Gmma Maqfgmm egfa cm uaejmi ~cyh 11 ra{eamy jo yha yjygl vjya, ~hcla

egmicigya @j Kqyla{ egfa cm lguy rlgea ~cyh 97 ra{eamy jo yha vjyau- Maqfgm gmi Kqyla{oall uhj{y jo {aeacvcmn yha joocecgl amij{uafamy kaegqua yhas ici mjy uq{rguu yha maaiai?2 ra{eamy yh{auhhjli- Ageh ialangya ejqli vjya oj{ y~j egmicigyau4 93 ra{eamy vjyai oj{Maqfgmm, ~hcla 9; ra{eamy vjyai oj{ Kqyla{- Kjyh egmicigyau ~cll grrag{ cm yha ugfaejlqfm gu Fg{ycmall oj{ yha Iafje{gyce r{cfg{s kaegqua yhas {aeacvai g fg`j{cys jo yhakj{jqnh gmi yj~muhcr vjyau ejfkcmai, kqy yhas ~cll mjy eg{{s yha joocecgl REIJ uljngmmaxy yj yhac{ mgfau-

Fg{ycmiall uy{auuai hcu axra{camea jm yha ejqmecl gmi yjqyai g {aej{i jo ocuegl r{qiameagmi ujecgl geycvcuf- Ha ugci ha vjyai gngcmuy kqinay cme{aguau fj{a yhgm gms jyha{ejqmecl fafka{ jva{ yha rguy ;2 sag{u- Ha gluj ugci ha ~j{dai yhcu rguy sag{ yj fgda

uq{a yha kj{jqnh rjlcea iarg{yfamy mj~ hgu ecvclcgm jva{ucnhy cm yha oj{f jo gm aooaeycvarqklce ugoays ejffcyyaa-

Maqfgmm, g oj{fa{ fafka{ jo yha R{cmeayjm Amvc{jmfamygl Ejffcuucjm, g fafka{ joyha {ancjmgl ucya rlgm {avca~ ejffcyyaa, gmi g fafka{ jo yha REIJ ljegl cuuqauejffcyyaa, hgu g kgehalj{.u ian{aa cm fgyh gmi g ijeyj{gya cm Amnlcuh lcya{gyq{a- Uha ugsuha{ ~j{d jm yha amvc{jmfamygl ejffcuucjm hgu uy{amnyhamai ha{ kalcao yhgy R{cmeayjm egmgmi uhjqli uy{cva yj kglgmea amvc{jmfamygl, aejmjfce gmi ujecgl uquygcmgkclcys- Uha gluj


9/62

hgu {avca~ai yha cuuqa jo yha gfjqmy R{cmeayjm Qmcva{ucys rgsu yj yha kj{jqnh cm lcaq joygxau gmi kalcavau cme{aguai {avamqa o{jf yha qmcva{ucys uhjqli nj jmls yj~g{i r{jra{ysygx {alcao-

Kqyla{, ~hj hgu gm fguya{.u ian{aa cm kqucmauu gifcmcuy{gycjcm o{jf Mj{yh~auya{m

Qmcva{ucys gmi ~j{du oj{ ^cedamiam Guujecgyau, cu yha ehgc{~jfgm jo yha EcycpamOcmgmea Givjeges Ygudoj{ea-

Uha cu uy{auucmn ocuegl {aurjmuckclcys gmi y{gmurg{ames gmi ugsu uha ~gmyu yj fgda yhakqinay r{jeauu fj{a jram gmi geeauuckla yj {auciamyu- Uha ~jqli lcda yha kj{jqnh yjcfr{jva ejffqmcegycjm ~cyh {auciamyu yh{jqnh yha qua jo a&fgcl gmi yha cmya{may-

Gll yh{aa egmicigyau uqrrj{y axrlj{cmn ejmujlcigycjm- ^hcla Fg{ycmiall gmi Maqfgmmugci yhas kalcava cy ~jqli ka fj{a aoocecamy gmi ejuy&aooaeycva cm yha ljmn {qm, Kqyla{ ugciuha ~jqli maai yj uaa fj{a igyg yj ejfa yj g ocmgl ejmelqucjm-

Gudai gkjqy yha r{jklaf jo uj&egllai FeFgmucjmu e{jrrcmn qr cm yj~m, Maqfgmm gmiFg{ycmiall ugci yhas ~jqli uqrrj{y ehgmncmn pjmcmn {anqlgycjmu, ~hcla Kqyla{ ugci lg{na{hjquau g{a mjy maeauug{cls kgi gmi yhgy yhas halr yha yj~m.u ocuegl ucyqgycjm-

Gudai oj{ ha{ yhjqnhyu jm hj~ yha r{jra{ys {aguuauufamy ~cll gooaey j~ma{u jo fj{afjiauy hjfau, Kqyla{ ugci yha {auqlyu jo yha {avglqgycjm uhjqli mjy ka g uq{r{cua kaegquajo hj~ yag{&ij~mu hgva i{cvam yha fg{day- Uha ugci yha kj{jqnh uhjqli ejmy{jl ygxau yjgii{auu yha ucyqgycjm-

Fg{ycmiall gmi Maqfgmm egllai oj{ yha kj{jqnh yj r{jvcia ujfa oj{f jo r{jra{ys&ygx{alcao oj{ lj~a{ cmejfa {auciamyu gooaeyai ks yha {avglqgycjm ~cyh fjmas o{jf yhakj{jqnh.u gooj{igkla hjqucmn oqmi- Maqfgmm uqnnauyai yha {alcao ejqli ka cm yha oj{f jo

g {akgya, ~hcla Fg{ycmiall ugci cy ejqli ka cm yha oj{f jo ljgmu ha ejfrg{ai yj g {ava{uafj{yngna yhgy ~jqli ka rgci kged ~ham yha r{jra{ys j~ma{ uallu yha hjfa j{ icau-


10/62

Igya0 ;272*25*;8

Ejmea{mu vjceai gkjqy r{jra{ys {avglqgycjmu cm yha R{cmeayjmu

[auciamyu yj nay jrrj{yqmcys yj wqauycjm guuauufamy r{jeauu iq{cmn qrejfcmn

rqklce oj{qf


R[CMEAYJM YJ^MUHCR & Yha kj{jqnh gmi yj~muhcr ~cll hjuy g rqklce oj{qf

^aimauigs mcnhy yj gii{auu {auciamyu. ejmea{mu gkjqy yha {aeamy r{jra{ys {avglqgycjm-

Yha `jcmy rqklce faaycmn ~cll kancm gy > r-f- cm yha fgcm {jjf jo yha yj~muhcr fqmcecrgl

kqclicmn-

[ar{auamygycvau o{jf yha r{cvgya oc{f yhgy ejmiqeyai yha {avglqgycjm, Grr{gcugl Usuyafu,

~cll axrlgcm yha guuauufamy r{jeauu- Yha ygx guuauuj{ gmi g ejqmys {ar{auamygycva fgs

gluj ka yha{a-

Ujfa {auciamyu o{jf kjyh fqmcecrglcycau hgva wqauycjmai yha fayhjijljncau quai cm yha

{aguuauufamyu gmi oaal yha{a g{a cmejmucuyamecau gmi ujfa cmgeeq{gya cmoj{fgycjm cm

cmicvciqgl guuauufamyu- Ujfa ugs gm cmuraeyj{ mava{ amya{ai yhac{ hjfau-

G oa~ {auciamyu hgva axr{auuai ejmea{mu gkjqy yha ygx kq{iam uhcoycmn cm yha kj{jqnh gmi

yha yj~muhcr && rajrla ~cyh fj{a fjiauy hjfau ~cll ka rgscmn fj{a kaegqua

guuauufamyu jm fjiauy hjfau cme{aguai gy g hcnha{ {gya yhgm ici guuauufamyu jm fj{a

axramucva hjfau- [ar{auamygycvau o{jf Grr{gcugl Usuyafu hgva ugci yh{jqnhjqy yha

r{jeauu yhgy yha ma~ guuauufamyu g{a kguai jm fg{day vglqa-

Gm gmglsucu ks Yha Ycfau ojqmi yhgy yha fg`j{cys jo yha yjr 92 ra{eamy jo {auciamycgl

r{jra{ys j~ma{u cm yha kj{jqnh ~cll uaa yhac{ r{jra{ys ygxau iae{agua qmia{ yha ma~

guuauufamy, ~hcla yha fg`j{cys jo yha kjyyjf ?2 ra{eamy ~cll uaa yhac{ ygxau cme{agua-

Igyg oj{ yha yj~muhcr ~a{a `quy {aeamyls rjuyai jm yha Grr{gcugl Usuyafu ^ak ucya- Cy cu

qmelag{ say ~hayha{ yha yj~muhcr ojllj~u yha ugfa rgyya{m gu yha kj{jqnh-

Iq{cmn g {aeamy kj{jqnh ejqmecl faaycmn, {auciamy Gmma Maqfgmm uqnnauyai yha ejqmecl

uhjqli ij ujfayhcmn yj halr kj{jqnh {auciamyu jo yha fj{a fjiauy hjfau ~hj g{a ogecmn

uyaar ygx cme{aguau-

+Fs fgyhafgycegl k{gcm ugsu yhcu uhcoy cm r{jra{ys ygxau yj~g{i ~hgy cm jyha{

ejffqmcycau ~jqli ka fci&r{ceai hjfau fagmu {gycjmgl fg{day oj{eau g{a gy ~j{d,+

Maqfgmm yjli yha ejqmecl- +Fs ejfrguucjmgya k{gcm ugsu yhcu cmawqcys fquy mjy uygmi,


11/62

hj~ava{-

+Ygxau fquy mjy ka {gcuai jm fgms ~hj g{a laguy gkla yj rgs gmi lj~a{ai jm yhjua ~hj

egm rgs fjuy,+ uha ugci- +Ujfa {ai{auu fquy ka ojqmi cffaicgyals, kaoj{a fj{a jo jq{

ljmn&ycfa o{camiu gmi macnhkj{u g{a i{cvam o{jf R{cmeayjm- Gmi, co yha kj{jqnh egm langlls

uhcoy yha ygx kq{iam kged fj{a jmyj rajrla lcda fa cm yha fciila, ~hjua ygxau hgva glujkaam lj~a{ai, lay cy ejfa ujjm ~hcla jq{ ygx k{agdu uycll uaaf lcda ~cmiogllu-+

Maqfgmm ugci yha{a cu g ra{eacvai cmawqcys-

+^a egmmjy lay gms R{cmeayjmcgm kalcava yhcu cfkglgmea cu geearygkla,+ uha ugci- +^a

egmmjy ugs fa{als yhgy cmicvciqglu ~hj oaal yhas hgva kaam qmogc{ls guuauuai uhjqli uaad

gm cmicvciqgl {afais-+

Uha ugci yha ra{eacvai cmawqcys cu mjy cmicvciqgl, kqy cu usuyafce-

+Cy ejmuycyqyau g rgyya{m yjj lg{na yj cnmj{a,+ uha ugci- +Yhcu ra{eacvai cmawqcys cu

ujfayhcmn kj{jqnh ejqmecl fquy ka ra{eacvai gu y{scmn yj {afais- Jyha{~cua yhjua jo qu

cm yha ejffqmcys ~hj g{a mjy hq{ycmn va{s fqeh yjigs fgs oag{ yhgy, ~ham ~a hq{y

fj{a cm yha oqyq{a, mj jma ~cll ejfa yj jq{ gci-+

Maqfgmm gudai ~hgy guuauufamy uygmig{iu yha ejqmecl.u ejmy{gey ~cyh Grr{gcugl

Usuyafu uraecocai, gmi uha gudai co yha ejqmecl ~gu ugycuocai yhgy yhjua uygmig{iu ~a{a

fay- Uha gluj gudai ~hayha{ amjqnh {aeamy uglau igyg cm gll macnhkj{hjjiu ~a{a gvgclgkla

yj fgda r{jra{ guuauufamyu-

+Hgi hjqua r{ceau kanqm {cucmn j{ ~a{a yhas uycll iaelcmcmn jm yha grr{gcugl kgua igya,Jeyjka{ ;223, gmi hgi yhas ijma uj awqglls oj{ lj~& gmi hcnh&r{ceai hjquau: + uha gudai-

+Gu oj{ cmicvciqgl guuauufamyu, g{a Grr{gcugl Usuyafu. ogc{ fg{day vglqau. {aglcuyceglls

~hgy gll jo jq{ macnhkj{u ejqli nay oj{ yhac{ hjquau:

+Hj~ ij yhas ejfrg{a yj cmuq{gmea vglqau, oj{ axgfrla,+ uha ~jmia{ai, +gmi cu yhcu

{alavgmy:

+Ejqli yha kj{jqnh ejllaey {aeamy cmuq{gmea avglqgycjmu cm yha gooaeyai macnhkj{hjjiu gmi

ejfrg{a yhaf ~cyh Grr{gcugl Usuyafu. vglqau:

+Ejqli g R{cmeayjm {aglyj{ vjlqmyaa{ yj guuauu {gmijfls ualaeyai hjquau gmi jooa{ g

uaejmi jrcmcjm: Cu cy rjuuckla yhgy {avglqgycjm ~gu cm ujfa eguau yjj hguys:+

Guuqfcmn yha{a ~a{a mj r{jklafu ~cyh hj~ yha grr{gcuglu ~a{a ejmiqeyai, Maqfgmm

ugci yha ejqmecl uhjqli ~j{d yj fgda rajrla g~g{a jo gms r{jra{ys ygx {alcao r{jn{gfu

yhgy g{a gvgclgkla yj yhaf- Uha gluj gudai ~hayha{ yha kj{jqnh ejqli r{jvcia ujfa uj{y jo


12/62

ljegl r{jra{ys ygx {akgya- Jma rjuuckclcys, uha ugci, cu yhgy giicycjmgl fjmas o{jf

R{cmeayjm Qmcva{ucys cm yha oj{f jo rgsfamyu cm lcaq jo ygxau ejqli ka quai oj{ {akgyau oj{

{auciamyu ~hjua r{jra{ys ygxau hgva {cuam gkjva g ea{ygcm ra{eamygna jo hjquahjli

cmejfa-


13/62

Igya0 ;272*29*2;

Cm R{cmeayjmu,g ygxcmn ycfa [auciamyu icurqya guuauufamyu

Ks D{suygl Dmgrr


Dam N{cakall.u ygxau hgva glfjuy ijqklai ucmea ha fjvai yj R{cmeayjm Kj{jqnh ocva sag{u

gnj- Rajrla cm hcu macnhkj{hjji g{a hgvcmn y{jqkla uallcmn yhac{ hjfau, gmi yhas hgva

{aeacvai fqeh lauu yhgm axraeyai, ha ugsu-

+Mj~ cy.u lcda C.f kacmn hcy ~cyh g ;; ra{eamy uq{ehg{na,+ ha ugci jo hcu ma~auy r{jra{ys

guuauufamy gmi yha rjyamycgl oj{ hcnha{ ygxau- N{cakall ugci ha i{agfu jo uygscmn cm yj~m

gmi {gcucmn hcu n{gmiehcli{am cm R{cmeayjm, kqy yhgy oqyq{a cu qmea{ygcm-

N{cakall ~gu jma jo fj{a yhgm 752 R{cmeayjm {auciamyu o{jf yha yj~muhcr gmi kj{jqnh

~hj rgedai g faaycmn ^aimauigs mcnhy yj ygld gkjqy r{jra{ys vglqau gmi gud wqauycjmu

gkjqy yha {aeamy {avglqgycjmu cm kjyh yj~mu-

Yhas ocllai yha uagyu, ugy cm yha gculau gmi uyjji cm yha kged jo yha R{cmeayjm Yj~muhcr

faaycmn {jjf oj{ yh{aa hjq{u yj hag{ {ar{auamygycvau o{jf yha {aguuauufamy oc{f

Grr{gcugl Usuyafu axrlgcm yha guuauufamy r{jeauu-

Ujfa rajrla axr{auuai ejmea{m yhgy yhas j{ yhac{ macnhkj{u ~jqli hgva mj ehjcea kqy yj

fjva g~gs gu g {auqly jo yha {avglqgycjmu- Gmi kguai jm yhac{ j~m gmglsuau, g mqfka{ jo

rajrla cm kjyh yj~mu kalcava yha {avglqgycjmu ~cll egqua yha ygx kq{iam yj ka icuy{ckqyai

qmavamls-

Kj{jqnh {auciamy Igvci Kgxamigla ugci ha yhjqnhy yha grr{gcugl ejfrgms.u grr{jgeh ~gu

olg~ai gmi ogclai yha ejffqmcys, ogvj{cmn lgmilj{iu gmi yha qruegla rg{y jo yj~m-

+Sjq.va jva{vglqai yha hjquau cm yha rjj{ rg{yu jo yj~m, gmi qmia{vglqai r{jra{ycau cm

yha qruegla rg{y jo yj~m,+ ha ugci- +Cy.u g y{gvauys- ^hgy sjq g{a ijcmn cu oj{ecmn rajrla

~hj ijm.y hgva fagmu jqy jo yhcu yj~m-+

Gii{auucmn yha e{j~i, A{mauy Ial Nqa{ecj, yha EAJ jo Grr{gcugl Usuyafu, ugci hcu oc{fiaya{fcmai ma~ guuauufamy vglqau kguai jm yha y{qa fg{day vglqa jo ageh r{jra{ys gu jo

Jey- 7, ;223-

Ha ugci yha ejfrgms ojllj~ai grr{gcugl fayhjijljncau jqylcmai ks uygya lg~ gmi uyqicai

gll yha uglau cm yha y~j yj~mu jva{ g yh{aa&sag{ ra{cji yj g{{cva gy y{qa fg{day vglqa- Ageh

yj~m ~gu icvciai cmyj macnhkj{hjjiu kguai jm ucfclg{ ehg{geya{cuyceu-


14/62

Yha ejfrgms cmuraeyai gmi faguq{ai ava{s r{jra{ys jqyucia, gmi 32 ra{eamy jo gll

r{jra{ycau ~a{a cmuraeyai cmucia, ha ugci- R{jra{ycau ~ha{a yha j~ma{u ici mjy ncva yha

ejfrgms geeauu yj yha cmucia ~a{a guuauuai gy yha hcnhauy, fjuy {agujmgkla rjyamycgl

vglqa, ha giiai-

Ial Nqa{ecj ugci yha guuauufamyu g{a ejmucuyamy ~cyh fg{day vglqa- +â ij mjy iaya{fcmayha vglqa jm amy{s laval r{jra{ycau j{ cmya{r{ay j{ r{aicey yha vglqa jo hcnh&ami

r{jra{ycau,+ ha ugci- +Yha fg{day ijau yhgy- â g{a grr{gcua{u- â ij mjy ygx- Jq{ `jk cu

ijma ~ham ~a r{jvcia yha ej{{aey vglqa cm geej{igmea ~cyh yha fg{day- â.va ijma uj

va{s geeq{gyals- Yj uqnnauy jq{ ~j{d cu olg~ai cu mjy va{s ogc{-+

G oa~ {auciamyu ugci kgmdu grr{gcuai yhac{ hjfau ~cyhcm g fjmyh jo yha {aguuauufamy,

~cyh Grr{gcugl Usuyafu. vglqgycjmu kacmn fqeh hcnha{- Jma {auciamy ugci ha{ guuauufamy

ks Grr{gcugl Usuyafu ~gu )37,222 fj{a yhgm ha{ kgmd grr{gcugl- K{ayy Y{jqy, g vcea

r{auciamy jo Grr{gcugl Usuyafu, yjli ha{ yj fgda gm grrjcmyfamy ~cyh yha ejfrgms yj

icuequu yha cuuqa-

Kj{jqnh {auciamy Igm R{auyjm wqauycjmai hj~ ogc{ yha ejfrgms.u sg{iuyced oj{ faguq{cmn

fg{day vglqa ejqli ka cm uqeh g vjlgycla {agl auygya fg{day, mjycmn yhgy, +â hgva kaam

yh{jqnh yha fciuy jo jma jo yha ~j{uy ocmgmecgl icuguya{u ucmea yha N{agy Iar{auucjm-+

Y{jqy ugci yha ejfrgms ljjdai gy uglau igyg oj{ g yh{aa&sag{ ra{cji gmi gi`quyai

guuauufamyu yj geejqmy oj{ gms fg{day ehgmnau fjmyh yj fjmyh- Co yha{a ~a{a mj uglau cm

g macnhkj{hjji jva{ yha yh{aa&sag{ ra{cji, uglau o{jf g ejfrg{gkla macnhkj{hjji ~a{a

quai- Y{jqy giiai yhgy gkjqy 3 ra{eamy jo yha r{jra{ys cm yha y~j fqmcecrglcycau ~gu ujli

jva{ yha yh{aa sag{u, g fj{a yhgm giawqgya mqfka{, ha ugci, yj halr iaya{fcma

guuauufamyu-

[auciamyu ~gmyai yj dmj~ hj~ lgmi vglqa ~gu ogeyj{ai cm, gmi yhas gudai yhgy yha lgmi

vglqa igyg ka rjuyai jm yha ejfrgms.u ~akucya- Ial Nqa{ecj ugci yha ejfrgms ~jqli

rjuy yha lgmi vglqa igyg-

Ygx Guuauuj{ Magl Umsia{, ~hj ua{vau kjyh yha kj{jqnh gmi yj~muhcr, ugci ha yhjqnhy

yha ejfrgms ici g njji `jk jva{gll, gmi gm cmoj{fgl uq{vas jo ujfa {auciamyu ojqmi yhas

~a{a ugycuocai ~cyh yha ejfrgms.u ~j{dfgmuhcr-

Yj~muhcr {auciamy Kayus Uyjdau icugn{aai- +C ygda cuuqa ~cyh yha uygyafamy yhgy yharajrla ~hj egfa g{jqmi gmi cmuraeyai ici g njji jk,+ uha ugci- +Yhas lcuyai yha ~{jmn

mqfka{ jo kgyh{jjfu4 yhas icim.y dmj~ yha icooa{amea kay~aam g jma& gmi y~j&uyj{s

hjqua-+

^hcla ujfa {auciamyu ugci yha uauucjm ~gu halroql, jyha{u ugci yhas hgi hjrai oj{ fj{a

cmoj{fgycjm- Kj{jqnh {auciamy Ijm Ejx ugci ha ~gu axraeycmn g r{auamygycjm qucmn jma

ugfrla macnhkj{hjji gu gm axgfrla- +Yha jva{vca~ sjq ngva cu jma C egm ocmi jm yha Ma~


15/62

@a{uas Y{aguq{s ~akucya,+ ha ugci-

[auciamyu ~cyh cmicvciqgl ejmea{mu ~a{a yjli yj fgda gm grrjcmyfamy ~cyh Grr{gcugl

Usuyafu- Yha ejfrgms ~cll ejmycmqa yj faay ~cyh rajrla gmi fgda gi`quyfamyu yj

vglqau qmycl Fgs 7- Yha ygx guuauuj{ fquy uqkfcy guuauufamyu yj yha ejqmys ks Fgs 79-

Y{jqy ugci yhgy ks yha ami jo yha ~aad yha ejfrgms ~cll fgcl eg{iu yj r{jra{ys j~ma{u

lcuycmn yhac{ guuauufamyu, gljmn ~cyh gms {aeamy gi`quyfamyu-


16/62

Igya0 ;272*29*25

Ygx {gya icurg{cys gmglspai R{cmeayjm Y~r- {auciamyu gmna{ai


R[CMEAYJM YJ^MUHCR & G Ycfau gmglsucu jo yha yj~muhcr~cia r{jra{ys

{avglqgycjm uhj~u yhgy hjfaj~ma{u ~cyh yha lj~auy r{jra{ys vglqau ~jqli uaa yhac{

r{jra{ys ygxau cme{agua ks yha n{agyauy ra{eamygna, jm gva{gna, ~hcla yhjua ~cyh yha

hcnhauy vglqau ~jqli uaa yhac{ ygxau iae{agua-

Yha igyg ojllj~ g rgyya{m ucfclg{ yj yha kj{jqnh.u yhgy hgu urg{dai ejmea{m yhgy ujfa

{auciamyu ~cyh lauua{ fagmu ~cll uhjqlia{ gm qmogc{ rj{ycjm jo yha ygx kq{iam-

G faaycmn ag{lca{ yhcu ~aad i{a~ fj{a yhgm 752 {auciamyu jo yha kj{jqnh gmi yj~muhcr

~hj ujqnhy gmu~a{u o{jf yha grr{gcugl ejfrgms yhgy cu ijcmn kjyh {avglqgycjmu-

G ljjd gy y~j hjfau cm yha yj~muhcr gy yha jrrjucya ami jo yha uraey{qf {avaglu yha

rjyamycgl aooaeyu jo yha {aguuauufamy- Oj{ axgfrla, 19 Kc{eh Gva- ~gu oj{fa{ls guuauuai

gy )75>,>22- Yha r{jra{ys hgu cme{aguai gkjqy ;-> ycfau cyu oj{fa{ vglqa, ~cyh g

r{jrjuai ma~ guuauufamy jo )5>7,922- Ygxau qmia{ yha jli guuauufamy ~jqli hgva kaam

gkjqy )9,331 oj{ ;223- Qmia{ yha ma~ guuauufamy, yhas ~jqli ka gkjqy )?,359, g

icooa{amea jo gkjqy )7,353, j{ glfjuy 92 ra{eamy-

Yham yha{a cu ;;2 [cina [jgi, oj{fa{ls guuauuai gy )7-?? fcllcjm- Yha r{jra{ys hgucme{aguai 7-> ycfau cyu oj{fa{ vglqa gmi eg{{cau g r{jrjuai ma~ guuauufamy jo gkjqy

);-85 fcllcjm- Ygxau qmia{ yha jli guuauufamy ~jqli hgva kaam gkjqy )?2,285 oj{ ;223-

Qmia{ yha ma~ guuauufamy yhas ~jqli ka )1;,83>, g iae{agua jo gkjqy )>,781, goya{

{jqmicmn, j{ gkjqy 7; ra{eamy-

G {avca~ jo yha cmicvciqgl r{jrjuai guuauufamyu oj{ yha glfjuy 1,222 r{jra{ycau cm yha

yj~muhcr yhgy g{a rjuyai jm yha ~akucya jo yha ejfrgms ejmiqeycmn yha {avglqgycjm,

Grr{gcugl Usuyafu, uhj~u yhgy gkjqy 19 ra{eamy jo hjfaj~ma{u ~jqli uaa gm cme{agua cm

r{jra{ys ygxau kguai jm yha ma~ guuauufamy, ~hcla gkjqy 9? ra{eamy ~jqli uaa g

iae{agua, guuqfcmn yha ygx lavs ijau mjy nj qr oj{ ;272-

Geej{icmn yj igyg o{jf Grr{gcugl Usuyafu, yha yjygl guuauuai vglqa oj{ gll r{jra{ys cm yha

yj~muhcr ~gu gkjqy );-99 kcllcjm cm ;223-

Yha yjygl guuauuai vglqa goya{ yha {avglqgycjm cu gkjqy )9->9 kcllcjm- [auciamycgl r{jra{ycau

mj~ fgda qr 8?-8 ra{eamy jo yha yjygl {gygkla kgua, g ycms cme{agua jva{ 8?-> ra{eamy cm

;223-


17/62

Yha ejfrgms ugsu jm cyu ~akucya yhgy yha gva{gna {auciamycgl r{jra{ys j~ma{ ~jqli rgs

)9; lauu cm ygxau qmia{ yha ma~ guuauufamy- Geej{icmn yj Grr{gcugl Usuyafu, yha gva{gna

guuauuai vglqa cm ;223 ~gu )957,>22-

Yha ma~ gva{gna lcuyai jm yha ejfrgms.u ~akucya cu )85>,722-

Gy g ejffqmcys oj{qf jm yha {aguuauufamy ^aimauigs mcnhy, ujfa {auciamyu ugci yhas

oag{ai yha uhcoy cm yha ygx kq{iam ~jqli oj{ea yhaf j{ yhac{ o{camiu jqy jo yj~m-

+Sjq.va egleqlgyai oj{ ava{s ejmeacvgkla vglqa kqy hqfgm vglqa,+ ugci yj~muhcr {auciamy

_ceyj{ Kgdgl- +Rajrla g{a lcvcmn cm yhaua hjquau- Cm jma rg{ y jo yj~m, g hjqua ~gu kjqnhy

ks gm cmvauyfamy kgmda{ oj{ )5 fcllcjm- Cm yha jyha{ rg{y jo yj~m lcvau gm 82&sag{&jli

{ayc{aa ~hj fjvai ha{a ?2 sag{u gnj- Mj~ yhgy hjqua hgu grr{aecgyai, kqy yha )5 fcllcjm

hjqua hgu njma ij~m gmi yha ra{ujm cu nayycmn g ygx k{agd- Yha uamcj{ cu njcmn yj rgs

fj{a, kqy yha uamcj{.u cmejfa ijaum.y ehgmna- Ij sjq kalcava yhcu cu ogc{:+

A{mauy Ial Nqa{ecj, yha EAJ jo Grr{gcugl Usuyafu, ugci yha ejfrgms ojllj~u yha

guuauufamy nqcialcmau jo yha uygya, ~hceh kguau guuauufamyu jm y{qa fg{day vglqa-

+Cm Ma~ @a{uas, yha ejmuycyqycjm ijaum.y uragd yj yha jeeqrgmy jo yha hjqua,+ ha ugci-

+Sjq hgva gm cmejfa ygx yhgy uragdu yj yhgy cuuqa-^a egmmjy fgda, gmi ij mjy hgva cy

~cyhcm jq{ rj~a{ yj fgda ujecgl iaecucjmu jo yhgy fgnmcyqia- C ij hgva afrgyhs oj{ yha

ucyqgycjm, jo ejq{ua C ij-+

[ar{auamygycvau oj{ Grr{gcugl Usuyafu ugci y{qa fg{day vglqa cu iaya{fcmai ks gmglspcmn

uglau jva{ yha yh{aa&sag{ ra{cji r{cj{ yj Jey- 7, ;223- [ar{auamygycvau o{jf yha ejfrgms

gmi joocecglu q{nai {auciamyu yj fgda gm grrjcmyfamy ~cyh Grr{gcugl Usuyafu co yhashgva wqauycjmu j{ ejmea{mu gkjqy yhac{ guuauufamy-

[auciamyu hgva qmycl Fgs 7 yj faay ~cyh Grr{gcugl Usuyafu gkjqy guuauufamyu- Mjyceau

g{a kacmn fgclai jqy yj {auciamyu cm yha ejfcmn igsu lcuycmn yhac{ r{jrjuai r{jra{ys

guuauufamyu-

Yhjua ocnq{au geejqmy oj{ gms gi`quyfamyu fgia yj guuauufamyu kguai jm faaycmnu ~cyh

Grr{gcugl Usuyafu-

[auciamyu hgva 91 igsu o{jf yha fgclcmn igya jo mjyceau yj fgda g ygx grragl yj yha

ejqmys oj{ yhcu sag{-

Uava{gl yag{ij~m gmi vgegmy r{jra{ycau ~ha{a ma~ hjquau ~a{a kqcly yhgy ~a{a j{cncmglls

cm yha lj~auy yca{ jo vglqa cme{aguai uava{gl ycfau yhac{ vglqa, ~cyh fj{a yhgm g ijpam

cme{agucmn 72 ycfau yhac{ vglqa j{ fj{a-

Cmelqicmn yhjua r{jra{ycau cm yha gmglsucu, yha kjyyjf yca{ ug~ gm gva{gna ygx cme{agua jo


18/62

gkjqy 51 ra{eamy- ^ham yhjua r{jra{ycau ~a{a {afjvai o{jf yha gmglsucu, yha gva{gna ygx

cme{agua oj{ yha n{jqr ~gu jmls ;9 ra{eamy-


19/62

Igya0 ;272*29*7?

Qmcva{ucys ygx kcll {aiqeai cm R{cmeayjmu [avglqgycjm ygdcmn yjll


R[CMEAYJM KJ[JQNH & Yha kcnnauy ygxrgsa{ cm yha kj{jqnh gmi yj~muhcr ~cll rgs

glfjuy hglo g fcllcjm ijllg{u lauu yj yha y~j R{cmeayjmu gmi Fa{ea{ Ejqmys gu g {auqly jo

yha jmnjcmn r{jra{ys {avglqgycjm, g Ycfau gmglsucu hgu ojqmi-

R{cmeayjm Qmcva{ucys ~jqli rgs gkjqy )917,785 lauu oj{ cyu ygxgkla r{jra{ycau cm

R{cmeayjm Kj{jqnh gmi R{cmeayjm Yj~muhcr kguai jm g {avca~ jo r{alcfcmg{s

{aguuauufamy igyg-

Cm giicycjm, yha {avglqgycjm hgu rjyamycglls ~agdamai yha yj~mu. kg{ngcmcmn rjucycjm cm

ygldu ~cyh yha qmcva{ucys oj{ n{agya{ rgsfamyu cm lcaq jo ygxau, kaegqua cm yhaj{s yha

yj~mu ejqli ejllaey og{ lauu cm ygxau co yha qmcva{ucys.u ygx&axafry r{jra{ys ~a{a ygxgkla-

Yha qmcva{ucys ~jqli rgs gkjqy );?2,222 lauu cm fqmcecrgl, uehjjl gmi ejqmys ygxau oj{

cyu ygxgkla kj{jqnh r{jra{ycau gmi gkjqy )737,222 lauu oj{ cyu ygxgkla yj~muhcr r{jra{ycau

oj{ ;272, guuqfcmn yha fqmcecrgl, uehjjl gmi ejqmys ygx lavcau {afgcmai olgy oj{ yhcu sag{-

Geej{icmn yj igyg o{jf yha ljegl ygx guuauuj{.u joocea, yha vglqa jo yha qmcva{ucys.u yjygl

ygxgkla r{jra{ys cm yha kj{jqnh && cmelqicmn vgegmy lgmi, {auciamycgl r{jra{ys gmi

ejffa{ecgl r{jra{ys && ijqklai gu g {auqly jo yha guuauufamy, cme{agucmn o{jf )81-79fcllcjm cm ;223 yj )7>5-28 fcllcjm cm ;272-

Iaurcya yha ijqklcmn jo r{jra{ys vglqa, yha qmcva{ucys ~cll uaa g lj~a{ ygx kcll kaegqua yha

ygx oj{fqlg cu kguai jm ehgmnau cm r{jra{ys vglqgycjm yh{jqnhjqy yha y~j yj~mu-

Cm yha kj{jqnh yha qmcva{ucys ~jqli rgs )>?,722 lauu cm ygxau oj{ vgegmy lgmi, )713,395

lauu oj{ {auciamycgl r{jra{ycau, gmi );9,2>1 lauu oj{ ejffa{ecgl r{jra{ycau kguai jm yha

ma~ guuauufamyu-

Cm yha yj~muhcr, yha vglqa jo yha qmcva{ucys.u ygxgkla r{jra{ycau cme{aguai gkjqy 7-8 ycfau

yhac{ j{cncmgl vglqa, qr o{jf )771-71 fcllcjm cm ;223 yj );7;-78 fcllcjm cm ;272-

Cm yhgy yj~m, yha qmcva{ucys ~jqli rgs )3,72; fj{a oj{ vgegmy lgmi, )5?,9>7 fj{a oj{

{auciamycgl r{jra{ycau, gmi );5?,?92 lauu oj{ ejffa{ecgl r{jra{ycau kguai jm yha ma~

guuauufamyu-

Glyhjqnh yha qmcva{ucys ijau mjy rgs ygxau jm yha kqld jo cyu r{jra{ys, ~hceh cu ygx&


20/62

axafry, yha r{jra{ys cu uycll guuauuai gu rg{y jo yha {avglqgycjm- Cm kjyh yha kj{jqnh gmi

yha yj~muhcr, yha qmcva{ucys.u ygx axafry r{jra{ycau cme{aguai jmls ulcnhyls cm vglqa gu g

~hjla-

Cm ;223 yha qmcva{ucys.u ygx&axafry r{jra{ycau cm yha kj{jqnh ~a{a vglqai gy gkjqy

)89;-8 fcllcjm- Qmia{ yha ma~ guuauufamy, yhas ~amy qr 7-; ycfau yhac{ j{cncmgl vglqa gmig{a mj~ vglqai gy )7-27 kcllcjm, cm {jqmiai mqfka{u-

Yha qmcva{ucys.u ygx&axafry r{jra{ycau cm yha yj~muhcr ~amy qr 7-7 ycfau yhac{ j{cncmgl

vglqa, cme{agucmn o{jf );8;-5> fcllcjm yj )5;2-13 fcllcjm, cm {jqmiai mqfka{u-

Yha ygx&axafry ocnq{au g{a cfrj{ygmy kaegqua {auciamyu gmi ujfa ljegl joocecglu hgva

g{nqai yhgy yha qmcva{ucys uhjqli ka fgdcmn lg{na{ rgsfamyu cm lcaq jo ygxau (RCLJY#-

Joocecglu hgva fay ~cyh qmcva{ucys {ar{auamygycvau y~cea cm yha lguy uava{gl ~aadu cm gm

gyyafry yj manjycgya fj{a RCLJY ejmy{ckqycjmu- Yhjua ygldu g{a uycll jmnjcmn-

Ujfa joocecglu gmi {auciamyu hgva g{nqai yhgy yha gfjqmy yha qmcva{ucys rgsu uhjqli ka

kguai jm g ra{eamygna jo yha yjygl rjyamycgl vglqa jo gll jo yha uehjjl.u r{jra{ycau- Co yha

uehjjl rgci fqmcecrgl, ejqmys gmi uehjjl ygxau jm gll cyu ygx axafry r{jra{ycau cm yha

kj{jqnh gmi yj~muhcr cm ;223, yha yjygl ygx jm axafry r{jra{ycau ~jqli hgva kaam gkjqy

)9?-9 fcllcjm- Qmia{ yha {avglqgycjm yhgy yjygl ~jqli i{jr yj );1-3 fcllcjm-

Gy yha kj{jqnh ejqmecl faaycmn Yqauigs mcnhy, {auciamy Gmma Maqfgmm mjyai yhgy yha

qmcva{ucys.u r{jra{ycau ici mjy cme{agua gy yha ugfa {gya gu yha gva{gna r{jra{ys cm yha

kj{jqnh-

+^hs cu yha{a yhcu icue{argmes gmi ~hgy, co gmsyhcmn, ~jqli yha kj{jqnh ejqmecl ij gkjqyyhcu:+ uha ugci-

+Jm cyu ogea, ~hs ~jqli lgmi mjy j~mai ks yha qmcva{ucys nj qr cm vglqa uj fqeh fj{a

yhgm lgmi j~mai ks yha qmcva{ucys jva{ yha ugfa ycfa ra{cji:+ Ejqmeclfgm [jna{

Fg{ycmiall ugci-

Qmlcda {auciamycgl r{jra{ycau, ~hceh g{a vglqai kguai jm fg{day vglqa, yha qmcva{ucys.u

ygx&axafry r{jra{ycau ~a{a vglqai kguai jm {arlgeafamy ejuy, fcmqu iar{aecgycjm, rlqu

lgmi vglqa, geej{icmn yj ljegl joocecglu-

Ujfa {auciamyu gluj hgva wqauycjmai ~hs yha qmcva{ucys ~cll rgs lauu ygxau jm Rglfa{

Hjqua gy 7 Kgsg{i Lgma- Yha r{jra{ys ~gu guuauuai gu g ejffa{ecgl kqclicmn, ~cyh cyu

vglqa iaya{fcmai kguai jm cmejfa rjyamycgl-

Ygx Guuauuj{ Magl Umsia{ gmi {ar{auamygycvau o{jf Grr{gcugl Usuyafu ici mjy {aurjmi

yj cmwqc{cau gkjqy yha fayhjiu quai oj{ yha qmcva{ucys guuauufamy-


21/62

Igya0 ;272*29*52

R{cmeayjm ejqmeclfgm egllu oj{ rqklce oj{qf

Ks D{suygl DmgrrUraecgl yj Yha Ycfau

R[CMEAYJM KJ[JQNH & Ejqmeclfgm [jna{ Fg{ycmiall hgu egllai oj{ yha kj{jqnh yj

hjli g rqklce oj{qf yj icuequu yha jva{gll cfrgey jo yha {aeamy r{jra{ys {avglqgycjm gmi

uqeh cuuqau gu hj~ cy ~cll gooaey R{cmeayjm Qmcva{ucys gmi yha @jhm ^cyha{urjjm

macnhkj{hjji-

+^a uhjqli hgva g faaycmn yj icuequu ujfa jo yha jva{g{ehcmn cuuqau jo yha aooaeyu jo yha

{avglqgycjm,+ Fg{ycmiall ugci gy yha Yqauigs mcnhy ejqmecl faaycmn- + hs ijau yha @jhm

^cyha{urjjm macnhkj{hjji uaaf yj ka hcy uj hg{i: ^hs g{a R{cmeayjm Qmcva{ucys lgmi

vglqau lj~a{ yhgm ~hgy fcnhy hgva kaam axraeyai: Jma egm yall o{jf yha yamj{ jo yha

icuequucjm cm yha ejffqmcys yhgy g ljy jo rajrla g{a ejmea{mai-+

[avglqgycjm cyualo ijau mjy {gcua ygxau, kqy cy egm ehgmna yha kglgmea jo ~hj rgsu ~hgy

uhg{a- Gm gmglsucu jo yha R{cmeayjm {avglqgycjm igyg uhj~u yhgy hjfaj~ma{u cm yha

yj~muhcr gmi kj{jqnh ~cyh fj{a fjiauy hjfau ~cll, jm gva{gna, rgs fj{a r{jra{ys

ygxau gu g {auqly jo yha {avglqgycjm kaegqua yhac{ r{jra{ys vglqau cme{aguai fj{a yhgm yha

gva{gna r{jra{ys- J~ma{u jo fj{a axramucva hjfau ~cll rgs lauu jm gva{gna-

Yha {avglqgycjm igyg gluj uhj~u yhgy R{cmeayjm Qmcva{ucys ~cll ka rgscmn gkjqy )912,222

lauu cm ljegl ygxau jm cyu ygxgkla r{jra{ycau cm yha y~j R{cmeayjmu gu g {auqly jo yha{avglqgycjm-

+C.f mjy ugscmn yha {avglqgycjm cu cmvglci, kqy g ljy jo rajrla g{a ejmea{mai, gmi ncvam yha

laval jo ejmea{m cy ~jqli ka quaoql yj gii{auu yha cuuqau cm g {gycjmgl, jram ~gs uj rajrla

egm uaa yha r{jeauu, gmi yhcmnu egm ka fgia fj{a y{gmurg{amy,+ Fg{ycmiall ugci- +C ~jqli

hjra ~a ~jqli ygda yha cuuqa qr ujjma{ yhgm lgya{-+

Jyha{ ejqmecl fafka{u gn{aai g rqklce oj{qf cu cm j{ia{- Ejqmecl~jfgm Kg{kg{g Y{aluygi

ugci uha ~gmyu gm axrlgmgycjm jo hj~ yha fg{day vglqa jo ejmijfcmcqfu cu iaya{fcmai-

Joocecglu g{a rqpplai ~hs yha ejqmys cmyamiu yj grrls gm gi`quyfamy oj{fqlg yj

r{jra{ys vglqau yj iaya{fcma yha kj{jqnh.u uhg{a jo ejqmys ygxau avam yhjqnh yha

kj{jqnh.u guuauuai vglqau mj~ uqrrjuails {aolaey y{qa fg{day vglqa- Ejqmecl fafka{u

{awqauyai yhgy yha ejqmys ygx gifcmcuy{gyj{ gyyami yha rqklce faaycmn j{ faay ~cyh yha

kj{jqnh.u ocmgmea ejffcyyaa yj axrlgcm yha r{jeauu-

Ejqmeclfgm Igvci Njliog{k ugci ha r{aoa{{ai g rqklce faaycmn, gmi yhgy g faaycmn ~cyh


22/62

yha ocmgmea ejffcyyaa uhjqli ka g lguy {auj{y- Njliog{k ugci yha ejqmys oj{fqlg fgia cy

uaaf yhgy yha kj{jqnh ~gu qmia{guuauuai gmi yhgy cy ~gu jm cyu ~gs yj gmjyha{

{avglqgycjm-

Cm g rhjma cmya{vca~ sauya{igs, Fa{ea{ Ejqmys Ygx Gifcmcuy{gyj{ Fg{ycm Nqhl ugci yhgy

~gu mjy yha egua-

+Yha {gycj cu iavaljrai oj{ yha grrj{ycjmfamy jo ejqmys ygxau,+ Nqhl axrlgcmai- +Cy ijau

mjy fagm yha r{jra{ycau yhgy ~a{a `quy guuauuai g{a mjy guuauuai gy 722 ra{eamy jo fg{day

vglqa-+

Yha ra{eamygna {aolaeyu yha {gycj jo guuauuai vglqa yhcu sag{ yj y{qa vglqa lguy sag{, Nqhl

ugci-

Nqhl ugci ha ~jqli ka nlgi yj faay ~cyh yha kj{jqnh.u ocmgmea ejffcyyaa gmi axrlgcm yha

{avglqgycjm r{jeauu, hj~ yha ejqmys ygx oj{fqlg cu iavaljrai, gmi gms jyha{ ejmea{mu-

[auciamy Gmma Maqfgmm, ~hj cu uaadcmn g uagy jm yha ejqmecl yhcu sag{, uqkfcyyai g

r{jrjuai {aujlqycjm yj yha ejqmecl Yqauigs mcnhy egllcmn oj{ g {avca~ jo yha qmcva{ucys.u

{avglqgycjm yj iaya{fcma co cy geeq{gyals {aolaeyu yha vglqa jo yha qmcva{ucys.u r{jra{ycau-

Ejqmecl R{auciamy Gmis Djjmyp ugci yha kj{jqnh lg~sa{ ~cll {avca~ yha r{jrjuai

{aujlqycjm gmi yhgy cy ejqli rjuuckls ka icuequuai gy g oqyq{a ejqmecl faaycmn-

[auciamy @j Kqyla{, ~hj cu gluj {qmmcmn oj{ ejqmecl, ugci ;; rajrla gyyamiai {avglqgycjm

ejqmualcmn uauucjmu {qm ks vjlqmyaa{u gmi lck{g{s uygoo cm {aeamy ~aadu- Uha {aejffamiai

yhgy ~ham yha maxy {avglqgycjm ygdau rlgea, cmoj{fgycjm uauucjmu ka hali gy yha uamcj{eamya{- Uha gluj ugci yha joocecgl eg{iu lcuycmn yha ma~ guuauufamy ocnq{au yhgy g{a uamy yj

ageh r{jra{ys j~ma{ uhjqli cmelqia gm auycfgya jo ~hgy yha ygxau ~jqli ka gu g {auqly jo

yha {avglqgycjm-


23/62

Igya0 ;272*21*72

^cyha{urjjm {auciamyu uaa kgi ucnmu cm ygx kclluCm hcuyj{ceglls klged R{cmeayjm

macnhkj{hjji, yhas ~jmia{ co {avglqgycjm cu r{alqia yj .{ama~gl

Ks D{suygl Dmgrr

Uraecgl yj Yha Ycfau

R[CMEAYJM KJ[JQNH ++ @gewqalcma U~gcm ugci uha glfjuy ogcmyai ~ham uha ug~

hj~ hcnh yha vglqa jo ha{ hjfa cm yha @jhm ^cyha{urjjm macnhkj{hjji {jua qmia{ yha

{aeamy R{cmeayjm r{jra{ys {avglqgycjm-

Ha{ iqrlax jm g 3?2&uwqg{a&ojjy ljy jm Lsyla Uy{aay cme{aguai 9-5 ycfau cm vglqa, o{jf

)39,522 yj )972,822- Yha `qfr fagmu ha{ r{jra{ys ygxau ~jqli gkjqy ijqkla, njcmn

o{jf `quy jva{ )9,222 yj fj{a yhgm )8,222-

+C ~gu cm uhjed ~ham C ojqmi jqy,+ uha ugci- +Fs ljy cu uj ufgll, C kg{als hgva yh{aa oaay

jo lgmi gll yha ~gs g{jqmi yha hjqua-+

Lcda fgms jyha{ Go{cegm&Gfa{cegmu cm yha ^cyha{urjjm macnhkj{hjji, ~hceh uy{giilau

yha kj{jqnh gmi yj~muhcr, yha yhc{i&nama{gycjm R{cmeayjmcgm hgu iaar {jjyu cm yha

ejffqmcys jo fjiauy hjfau `quy mj{yh jo Rglfa{ Uwqg{a, kjqmiai ks ^cyha{urjjm

Uy{aay jm yha aguy gmi @jhm Uy{aay jm yha ~auy-

Mj~, fgms cm yha ejffqmcys ~j{{s yhgy yhjua {jjyu ~cll ~cyha{ g~gs, ~cyh rajrla

kacmn oj{eai yj fjva kaegqua yhas egm mj ljmna{ gooj{i yhac{ ygxau-

Yha klged ejffqmcys cu geequyjfai yj oag{cmn oj{ cyu oqyq{a- Fafj{cau jo yha igsu ~ham

klgedu ejqli mjy agy cm {auygq{gmyu jm Mguugq Uy{aay uycll lcmna{, gmi gyyafryu cm yha 7312u

yj icurlgea yha ejffqmcys cm yha mgfa jo q{kgm {ama~gl uycll uycmn- [auciamyu hgva ljmn

oag{ai namy{cocegycjm, gmi yhjua oag{u g{a n{agya{ yhgm ava{ gu g {auqly jo yha {avglqgycjm-

^hcla yha gva{gna hjfa cm yha kj{jqnh cme{aguai gkjqy ;-; ycfau cm vglqa, g Ycfau

gmglsucu uhj~u yhgy yha gva{gna hjfa cm yha ^cyha{urjjm uaeycjm jo yha kj{jqnh ~amy qr

gkjqy ;-8 ycfau- Cm yha yj~muhcr, yha gva{gna hjfa cme{aguai gkjqy 7-8 ycfau cm vglqa,

ejfrg{ai ~cyh ;-3 ycfau cm yha ^cyha{urjjm uaeycjm- Oj{ yha macnhkj{hjji gu g ~hjla,yha gva{gna guuauufamy cme{aguai o{jf )7;;,351 yj )551,57;, ~cyh 73 ra{eamy jo

r{jra{ycau mj~ vglqai kay~aam )922,222 gmi )122,222 gmi gkjqy 77 ra{eamy gkjva yha

hglo&fcllcjm&ijllg{ fg{d-

^hcla g {avglqgycjm ijau mjy cm cyualo cme{agua ygxau, cy egm gooaey ~hj rgsu ~hgy uhg{a-

Kguai jm r{alcfcmg{s ocnq{au, gkjqy 83 ra{eamy jo ^cyha{urjjm.u grr{jxcfgyals 512

{auciamycgl r{jra{ys j~ma{u ~cll uaa yhac{ ygxau nj qr gu g {auqly jo yha {avglqgycjm- Yha


24/62

gva{gna cyha{urjjm {auciamy ~cll rgs gkjqy 92 ra{eamy fj{a cm ygxau-

Fagm~hcla, cm jyha{ uaeycjmu jo yha y~j R{cmeayjmu, j~ma{u jo fcllcjm&ijllg{ hjfau ~cll,

jm gva{gna, uaa yhac{ r{jra{ys ygxau iae{agua, gm jqyejfa yhgy gmna{u {auciamyu jo

^cyha{urjjm gmi jyha{ macnhkj{hjjiu-

^hcla {ar{auamygycvau o{jf yha ejfrgms yhgy ejmiqeyai yha {avglqgycjm ugs yha

guuauufamyu {ar{auamy 722 ra{eamy jo y{qa fg{day vglqa kguai jm uglau jva{ yha rguy oa~

sag{u, ujfa cm yha ^cyha{urjjm macnhkj{hjji g{a mjy ejmvcmeai-

Fgms {auciamyu rjcmy yj yha ma~ lqxq{s yj~mhjquau yhgy g{a {cucmn `quy ge{juu Rgql

[jkaujm Rlgea gmi g hgmioql jo {amjvgycjm r{j`aeyu gmi gedmj~laina yhgy vglqau hgva

njma qr cm yha macnhkj{hjji yhgy ~gu gm gooj{igkla amy{s cmyj yha R{cmeayjm iq{cmn yha

{agl auygya kjjf, kqy yhas ij mjy yhcmd yhac{ vglqau hgva njma qr gu fqeh gu yha

{avglqgycjm igyg uqnnauyu, rg{yceqlg{ls mj~ yhgy kjjf hgu njma kquy- Gmi yham yha{a g{a

yhjua ~hj uquraey ujfayhcmn fj{a ucmcuya{ gy ~j{d-

+Hj~ egm cy ka yhgy hjquau jm Lck{g{s Rlgea gmi Fj{vam ~amy qr lj~a{ yhgm gva{gna

~hcla jq{ hjfau ~amy qr hcnha{:+ gudai Kc{eh Gvamqa {auciamy Lacnhyjm Ma~lcm,

famycjmcmn y~j jo yha kj{jqnh.u yjmcauy gii{auuau- Ha kalcavau yha {avglqgycjm cu gm aooj{y

yj rquh rajrla jqy jo yj~m-

+Yhcu ~hjla yhcmn ejqli ka jq{ jma&~gs yceday jqy,+ ha ugci gu ha {afafka{ai yha igsu

~ham hcu macnhkj{hjji hjquai yha yj~m iqfr, g ulgqnhya{hjqua gmi ijfauyce ~j{da{u

gmi ~gu egllai +Yha Kjyyjf-+

@cf Oljsi, ~hj ua{vai gu yha oc{uy Go{cegm&Gfa{cegm fgsj{ jo yha yj~muhcr 92 sag{ugnj, cu fj{a egqycjqu ~ham ejfcmn yj gms ejmelqucjm-

+Ijau gmsjma {aglls qmia{uygmi hj~ yha {avglqgycjm ~gu ijma, yhjqnh:+ Oljsi gudai- Ha

giiai yhgy ha ~jmia{u co jva{e{j~icmn, mjcua gmi yha rclau jo ng{kgna ~gcycmn oj{ rced&qr

jm yha macnhkj{hjji uy{aayu ~a{a ogeyj{ai cmyj yha oj{fqlg gy gll-

Oljsi hgu lai yh{aa macnhkj{hjji faaycmnu jm yha cuuqa- [auciamyu hgva mjyai r{jra{ycau

yhgy uygmi jqy yha fjuy- Yha{a cu U~gcm.u, yham yha{a cu yha Halam Kauu.u @jhm Uy{aay

r{jra{ys, ~hceh ~amy qr glfjuy >-; ycfau cyu j{cncmgl vglqa o{jf )31,222 yj )?8;,?22-

Yha{a cu gluj > N{aam Uy-, j~mai ks Ij{jyhs Icahl, ~hceh cme{aguai o{jf )722,222 yj

)58;,222- Icahl.u ljy yjyglu lauu yhgm 7,?22 uwqg{a oaay- Ha{ lgmi vglqa ~amy qr glfjuy 7>

ycfau, o{jf )7>,522 yj );35,222- Oj{ {agujmu {auciamyu egm.y ogyhjf, g fjia{mcuyce @-

[jka{y Hcllca{ e{agycjm jm Wqg{{s Uy{aay yhgy ujli oj{ )355,222 hgu g lgmi vglqa jo

)733,222 ++ gkjqy g yhc{i lauu yhgm Icahl.u, avam yhjqnh cyu ljy cu fj{a yhgm ijqkla ha{u cm

ucpa-


25/62

Icahl ~j{{cau gkjqy rgscmn glfjuy )8,222 cm ygxau, mag{ls ijqkla ~hgy uha ici lguy sag{,

gmi o{ayu yhgy ha{ hjqua ~jqli ka icooceqly yj uall ncvam cyu ufgll ucpa, lged jo i{cva~gs gmi

yha cme{aguai ygxau-

Ujfa joocecglu hgva jooa{ai {auciamyu guuq{gmeau yhgy yha guuauufamyu egm ka {agi`quyai cm

oqyq{a sag{u yh{jqnh g ejfrlcgmea rlgm co uglau igyg uhj~u yha macnhkj{hjji cu jqy jousme ~cyh yha {agl auygya fg{day, yj ~hceh Oljsi hgi g ucfrla {aurjmua0 +C.f cm hjurcea,

gmi gll sjq g{a njcmn yj jooa{ fa cu g fgcmyamgmea rlgm:+

[auciamyu g{a amejq{gncmn ava{s hjfaj~ma{ cm yha macnhkj{hjji ~hjua r{jra{ys

cme{aguai gkjva yha gva{gna yj ij uj- ^cyh yha Fgs 79 grragl oclcmn iagilcma ljjfcmn,

vjlqmyaa{u dmjedai jm ijj{u O{cigs yj icuy{ckqya grragl oj{fu gmi jooa{ guucuygmea yj

yhjua ~hj egm.y gooj{i yha oclcmn oaa- Rajrla ~cll ka gy Fy- Rcungh yj halr rajrla ocll jqy

oj{fu gmi ljjd qr {aeamy hjfa uglau yha oc{uy rg{y jo yha ~aad- Yha {auciamyu hgva mjy

{qlai jqy r{jyauyu j{ g lg~uqcy-

+^a hgva yj ij ava{syhcmn ~a egm yj ugva yhcu ejffqmcys,+ Ma~lcm ugci- +^hgy ~jqli

yhcu yj~m ka lcda ~cyhjqy gms icva{ucys:+


26/62

Igya0 ;272*21*79

Ejqmeclfgm {a`aeyu {avgl ejmurc{ges ygld


R[CMEAYJM KJ[JQNH & Yha{a ~gu mj n{gmi ejmurc{ges yj i{cva {auciamyu jqy jo yha

@jhm ^cyha{urjjm macnhkj{hjji ks `gedcmn qr yhac{ r{jra{ys guuauufamyu cm yha {aeamy

{avglqgycjm, Kj{jqnh Ejqmeclfgm Igvci Njliog{k ugci gy Yqauigs.u ejqmecl faaycmn-

+Yha {avglqgycjm {auqlyu g{a mjy ks iaucnm,+ Njliog{k ugci- +Yhas g{a kguai jm igyg yhgy cu

ogc{ls axyamucva,+ ha ugci-

Njliog{k ugci yha kj{jqnh.u ocmgmea ejffcyyaa fay ~cyh Ejqmys Ygx Gifcmcuy{gyj{

Fg{ys Nqhl gmi Kj{jqnh Guuauuj{ Magl Umsia{ lguy O{cigs yj nj jva{ wqauycjmu

{auciamyu hgva gkjqy yha {avglqgycjm-

Yha {avglqgycjm {aolaeyu yha {agl auygya fg{day jva{ yha lguy oa~ sag{u, ~cyh vglqau cm ujfa

macnhkj{hjjiu, cmelqicmn ^cyha{urjjm, njcmn qr hcnha{ yhgm jyha{u kaegqua jo yha uglau cm

yhjua macnhkj{hjjiu, Njliog{k ugci- +Yha{a g{a ~cmma{u gmi ljua{u cm gms {avglqgycjm

r{jeauu,+ ha ugci-

Yha guuauufamyu cm yha ^cyha{urjjm macnhkj{hjji g{a kguai jm 77 r{jra{ycau cm

R{cmeayjm Kj{jqnh gmi 7; cm R{cmeayjm Yj~muhcr yhgy geyqglls ujli j{ ~a{a geycvals

fg{dayai o{jf ;22> yh{jqnh ;223, ha ugci- Oj{ yhjua r{jra{ycau, yha guuauuai vglqaucme{aguai ;-> ycfau yha j{cncmgl vglqa cm yha kj{jqnh, gmi ;-? ycfau yha j{cncmgl vglqa cm yha

yj~muhcr- Ks ejfrg{cujm, yha gva{gna kj{jqnh r{jra{ys cme{aguai ;-7 ycfau cyu j{cncmgl

vglqa gmi yha gva{gna yj~muhcr r{jra{ys ~amy qr 7-3 ycfau cyu j{cncmgl vglqa-

+Ujfa rajrla auraecglls yhcmd yha Hcllca{ Wqg{{s Uy{aay ejmiju uda~ai yha

macnhkj{hjji,+ Njliog{k ugci- Kqy yhas jmls ~amy qr ;-8 ycfau yhac{ j{cncmgl vglqa, ha

ugci-

+Yha {agujm yha guuauufamyu g{a hcnh cu yhgy yha r{jra{ycau ujli oj{ r{ceau yhgy ~a{a

uqkuygmycglls hcnha{ (yhgm yhac{ jli guuauufamyu#,+ ha ugci- +Gu g {auqly, yha amyc{a

macnhkj{hjji ~gu iaafai yj ka fj{a vglqgkla {algycva yj yha {auy jo ejffqmcys yhgm cy

hgi kaam cm yha r{avcjqu guuauufamy-+

Yha lcuy jo r{jra{ycau yhgy ujli cm yha ^cyha{urjjm macnhkj{hjji uhj~u yhgy mcma

r{jra{ycau ujli cm yha kj{jqnh gmi acnhy cm yha yj~muhcr- Ucx jyha{ r{jra{ycau ~a{a j{ g{a

jm yha fg{day-


27/62

Oj{ yha kj{jqnh, r{ceau {gmnai o{jf )531,222 yj )352,222 oj{ yha Hcllca{ ejmiju- Oj{ yha

yj~muhcr, r{ceau {gmnai o{jf );12,222 yj )122,222-

Fgsj{ Fcli{ai Y{jyfgm ugci uha yhjqnhy yha r{jra{ycau yhgy ujli gyy{geyai hcnha{ r{ceau

kaegqua yhas ~a{a ma~ ejmuy{qeycjm-

+Yhgy cu rg{y jo ~hgy cu njcmn jm,+ Njliog{k ugci- +Yj gm axyamy yhas hgva n{agya{ vglqa

kaegqua rajrla uaa yha rjyamycgl yj kqs g r{jra{ys yha{a gmi kqcli ujfayhcmn ma~-+

Njliog{k gluj jooa{ai gm axrlgmgycjm gu yj ~hs R{cmeayjm Qmcva{ucys.u r{jra{ycau vglqau

~amy qr lauu gu g ~hjla yhgm fjuy jyha{ r{jra{ycau cm yj~m-

+Fjuy jo yha qmcva{ucys cu jm jma va{s lg{na ygx rg{eal,+ ha ugci- +Yha{aoj{a cy ijau mjy

hgva yha ugfa fg{day rjyamycgl gu ufglla{ rg{ealu hgva- --- Cm fjuy eguau cy cu gegiafce

kaegqua yha qmcva{ucys cu mjy rgscmn ygxau gms~gs-+

Njliog{k ugci co gmsjma oaalu yhas hgva kaam jva{&guuauuai, yhas uhjqli grragl- Yha

iagilcma oj{ oclcmn g oj{f ~cyh yha ejqmys cu yjigs-


28/62

Igya0 ;272*2>*;;

[auciamyu. gmna{, ygxau jm {cua cm R{cmeayjm Y~r-

[avglqgycjm {auqlyu wqauycjmai

Ks D{suygl Dmgrr


R[CMEAYJM YJ^MUHCR & Haeyj{ J{ycnjpg.u hag{y ugmd ~ham ha jramai hcu ;272 ygx

kcll- Gu g {auqly jo yha {aeamy yj~muhcr {avglqgycjm, hcu kcll oj{ ;272 `qfrai yj )3,;8?,

glfjuy ijqkla yha )9,>79 ha rgci cm ;223-

+C.ll hgva yj fjva mj~, cy.u gu ucfrla gu yhgy+ J{ycnjpg yjli yha yj~muhcr ejffcyyaa

Fjmigs mcnhy- +C.va lcvai ha{a jva{ 72 sag{u gmi C ljva yhcu yj~m, kqy ~cyh yha hcnh ygxau,C `quy egm.y gooj{i cy gms fj{a-+

[auciamyu jo yha yj~muhcr {aeamyls {aeacvai yhac{ ygx kcllu, ~hceh g{a gi`quyai yj {aolaey

ma~ r{jra{ys vglqau kguai jm yha {aeamy {avglqgycjm- ^cyh yha g{{cvgl jo yha kcllu, yha

hg{uh {aglcys jo yha aooaeyu jo yha {avglqgycjm cu ucmdcmn cm oj{ fgms {auciamyu, ~hj ijm.y

dmj~ hj~ yhas ~cll gooj{i yj uygs cm R{cmeayjm-

^hcla j~ma{u jo fj{a axramucva hjfau cm yha y~j R{cmeayjmu ~cll, jm gva{gna, rgs lauu gu

g {auqly jo yha {avglqgycjm, geej{icmn yj g Ycfau gmglsucu jo r{jra{ys ygx {aej{iu, yha

kjyyjf 12 ra{eamy jo hjfaj~ma{u g{a uaacmn yhac{ ygxau nj qr, ~cyh ujfa lcda J{ycnjpg

rgscmn ijqkla-

Fj{a gmi fj{a, {auciamyu g{a wqauycjmcmn ~hgy ~cll hgrram yj icva{ucys cm R{cmeayjm co

lj~a{& gmi fciila&cmejfa rajrla g{a i{cvam jqy kaegqua jo yha uhcoy cm yha r{jra{ys ygx

kq{iam- Kqy yha fj{a oqmigfamygl wqauycjm yhas g{a gudcmn cu, ~gu yha {avglqgycjm ijma

r{jra{ls: [auciamyu ~hj g{a gmglspcmn yha igyg yhafualvau kalcava yha r{jeauu cu olg~ai,

gmi g{a egllcmn jm joocecglu yj ejmiqey gm gqicy-

+^ham C jramai qr fs ygx kcll, C icim.y dmj~ ~hayha{ yj lgqnh j{ e{s,+ ugci [gmijf

[jgi {auciamy [glrh Ra{{s- +C lcva cm g ufgll {gmeh --- sjq guuauuai fs hjqua jqy jo yha

uds- Fs hjqua cu guuauuai gy )878,222- Mj {gmeh cm fs macnhkj{hjji hgu ava{ ujli oj{fj{a yhgm )>21,222- Co C rqy cy jm yha fg{day mj~ C ejqli r{jkgkls nay )?12,222 oj{ cy-+

Ra{{s ugci ~hcla yha yj~muhcr kqinay uqffg{s ha {aeacvai cm yha fgcl ugsu yha gva{gna

ygx cme{agua yhcu sag{ cu 7-> ra{eamy, j{ )?1, hcu {gya cme{aguai ks 52-1 ra{eamy, j{ )5,?;5-

+Ujfajma cu y{scmn yj rqll yha {qn jva{ fs hagi,+ ha ugci- +Yhcu cu g hj{{j{ uyj{s-+

[aglyj{ @cf Oc{auyjma ugci ~hcla joocecglu urami g n{agy iagl jo ycfa ljjdcmn gy hj~


29/62

ygxrgsa{ fjmas cu uramy, yhas uhjqli ncva awqgl ue{qycms yj hj~ ygx {avamqa cu ejllaeyai

yj fgda uq{a cy cu ijma ogc{ls-

^hcla yha grr{gcugl ejfrgms, Grr{gcugl Usuyafu, hgu ugci {aragyails yhgy yha

guuauufamyu {aolaey y{qa fg{day vglqa, Oc{auyjma gmi jyha{u wqauycjm yha fayhjijljns

quai gmi ~gmy cy axrlgcmai cm iaygcl- Oc{auyjma hgu ijma g iaygclai uyqis jo yha ma~guuauufamyu, ~gldcmn ijj{ yj ijj{ cm fgms eguau, gmi ugsu ha hgu ojqmi gll uj{yu jo a{{j{u

gmi cmejmucuyamecau-

Dcr Eha{{s jo Iafruas Gvamqa ugci o{jf ljjdcmn gy yha guuauufamy igyg, cy cu elag{ yhgy

yha lgmi vglqa cu i{cvcmn yha ma~ guuauufamyu- Lgmi vglqau hgva {cuam i{gfgyceglls, ~hcla

hjfa vglqau, jm gva{gna, hgva {afgcmai uygyce- Eha{{s ugci ufgll ljyu hgva kaam ncvam

gkjqy yha ugfa vglqa gu fqeh lg{na{ ljyu cm ha{ macnhkj{hjji, ~hceh uha ugci ijau mjy

fgda uamua- Cm r{avcjqu {avglqgycjmu, {auciamyu ugs yha ucpa jo yha ljy fgyya{ai fj{a- +Cy.u

gll va{s ejqmya{cmyqcycva,+ uha ugci- +Yha{a cu mj ej{{algycjm kay~aam yha ljy ucpa gmi cyu

vglqa-+

Igla Fagia jo Jgdlgmi Uy{aay ugci {auciamyu {aragyails gudai oj{ iaygclu jo yha

fayhjijljns quai gmi uqrrj{ycmn igyg kged cm yha ur{cmn, kqy mava{ njy g uy{gcnhy gmu~a{-

Ha ugci ha uramy fj{a yhgm ;22 hjq{u {avca~cmn r{jra{ys {aej{iu cm yha ygx guuauuj{.u

joocea, gmi auycfgyau yhgy qr yj 52 ra{eamy hgi ujfa dcmi jo a{{j{ ufgll j{ lg{na-

+C ijm.y hgva fqeh ejmociamea cm yha r{jeauu yhgy ~gu quai, gmi C ijm.y yhcmd sjq uhjqli

acyha{,+ ha ugci- +Gm gvglgmeha cu ejfcmn- Oj{ fgms rajrla yha {avglqgycjm cu g icuguya{-

Yhcu cu mjy gm axgnna{gycjm- Yha yj~muhcr ejffcyyaa maaiu yj nay jqy cm o{jmy jo yhcu- G

mqfka{ jo rajrla cm yha ejffqmcys g{a ama{ncpai jm yhcu cuuqa ---- Cy.u mjy gkjqy fjmas-

Cy cu gkjqy ~hgy cu {cnhy-+

Fagia gudai hj~ yha yj~muhcr ~jqli fgda yhcmnu qr yj rajrla ~hj g{a jva{ehg{nai co

yha {avglqgycjm yq{mu jqy yj ka olg~ai- Kj{jqnh {auciamy Ycmg Elafamy gudai co yha{a cu g

~gs yj o{aapa ygxau yhcu sag{ qmycl yha cuuqa cu uj{yai jqy-

Igm R{auyjm jo Fjj{a Uy{aay, ~hj quai yj ka gm aejmjfce oj{aeguya{, ugci g usuyafgyce

{avca~ cu cm j{ia{ kaegqua yha{a g{a yjj fgms gmaeijyau gkjqy olg~ai guuauufamyu yj

cnmj{a- Co uygya lg~u r{jhckcy joocecglu o{jf ygdcmn geycjm, ha ugci joocecglu maai yj ~j{d

~cyh jyha{ yj~mu gmi kaejfa givjegyau oj{ ehgmncmn lg~u-

Iarqys Fgsj{ Ehgi Nja{ma{ yjli {auciamyu joocecglu g{a g~g{a jo yhac{ ejmea{mu gmi hgva

fay ~cyh ejqmys joocecglu yj icuequu yha {avglqgycjm- Ha ugci ha ~gu yjli yha fayhjijljns

quai ~gu geearygkla- +^a.{a mjy ugscmn ~a gn{aa,+ ha ugci- +^a g{a cme{aickls o{quy{gyai,

yjj- Cy ~jqli kamaocy gll jo qu yj nay yha Fa{ea{ ygx kjg{i cm o{jmy jo ava{sjma- Cy ~jqli

ka njji oj{ qu yj qmia{uygmi uraecoceglls ~hgy rj~a{ ~a hgva cm ehgmncmn yha {auqlyu-

^ham yha r{jeauu cu fgmigyai ks yha ejqmys, ~a hgva mj ejmy{jl jva{ yha jqyejfa jmea

~a ualaey yha grr{gcugl oc{f-+


30/62

Fgsj{ Ka{mca Fclla{ aehjai Nja{ma{.u ejffamyu, gmi ngva oj{fa{ yj~muhcr fgsj{ @cf

Oljsi ra{fcuucjm yj qua yha yj~muhcr ejffqmcys {jjf yj hjli g faaycmn oj{ ejmea{mai

ecycpamu maxy Fjmigs gy >052 r-f-

Yjks Cu{gal jo ^glmqy Lgma wqauycjmai hj~ yha yj~muhcr.u hgmiu g{a ycai ~ham cy cu yha

yj~muhcr yhgy amya{ai cmyj g ejmy{gey ~cyh yha grr{gcugl ejfrgms-

+Yha yj~muhcr hgu g {aurjmuckclcys yj fgda uq{a gll yha ygxrgsa{u g{a ogc{ls gmi awqcygkls

guuauuai,+ uha ugci- +Cm fs macnhkj{hjji, uamcj{u g{a {aglcpcmn yhas fgs hgva yj uall gmi

nay jqy jo yj~m- Ualo&afrljsai ~{cya{u gmi g{ycuyu g{a cm yha ugfa iclaffg-+

Cu{gal ugci ejmea{mai {auciamyu g{a oj{fcmn mjy g yag rg{ys, kqy g ~a rg{ys0 +^a yha

rajrla jo R{cmeayjm g{a `jcmcmn yjnayha{ yj r{jyauy gm guuauufamy yhgy cu fgyhafgyceglls

gmi fj{glls ~{jmn-+


31/62

Igya0 ;272*2>*;8

R{cmeayjm Y~r- {avglqgycjm yglau k{cmn uhjed, jqy{gna

[auciamyu iafgmi geycjm, mjy `quy usfrgyhs, o{jf yj~muhcr ejffcyyaa

Ks D{suygl Dmgrr


R[CMEAYJM YJ^MUHCR && Hcu r{jra{ys ygxau cm R{cmeayjm Yj~muhcr ~a{a gl{agis g

haoys uqf, j{ uj yha {auciamy yhjqnhy- Ha ~gu rgscmn );7,222 g sag{- Yham ha {aeacvai

hcu ;272 ygx kcll-

Gu g {auqly jo yha {aeamy r{jra{ys {avglqgycjm, hcu kcll cu mj~ fj{a yhgm )92,222-

Yha e{j~i ngurai gy g faaycmn Fjmigs mcnhy gu yha {auciamy uhjqyai jqy yhjua ocnq{au

~ham iaue{ckcmn hj~ yha {avglqgycjm hgu hq{y hcf- Ucfclg{ yglau jo ~ja ojllj~ai, ~cyh

{auciamyu o{jf g vg{cays jo macnhkj{hjjiu ugscmn yhas egm mj ljmna{ gooj{i yha ygxau gmi

ijm.y dmj~ hj~ yhas ~cll rgs yhac{ ygx kcll jm ycfa-

+Fs ygxau hgva njma qr 1; ra{eamy,+ ugci gmjyha{ {auciamy ~hj lcvau cm gooj{igkla

hjqucmn cm yha ^guhcmnyjm Jgdu iavaljrfamy- +Ij yhas hgva yj ka ejllaeyai yhcu sag{: Cu

yha{a g ~gs yj rgs yhaf lgya{:+

Fj{a yhgm ;22 rajrla rgedai yha yj~m hgll, ocllcmn yha uagyu, e{j~icmn yha gculau, gmi

urcllcmn jqy cmyj yha hgll~gs oj{ g faaycmn j{ngmcpai ks oallj~ {auciamyu yj icuequu yha{avglqgycjm, ~hceh ujfa kalcava ~gu iaarls olg~ai gmi fgs oj{ea rajrla yj lagva yj~m-

+Yha qmia{lscmn cfrlcegycjm jo gll jo yhcu cu, ~hgy dcmi jo ejffqmcys ~cll R{cmeayjm

kaejfa:+ ugci {auciamy @agm Uy{gyyjm- +^cll cy kaejfa gm amelgva oj{ yha {ceh, gmi ljua gll

yha icva{ucys cy cu dmj~m oj{:+

[auciamyu egfa yj axr{auu yhac{ gmna{, vamy yhac{ o{quy{gycjm gmi y{s yj nay gmu~a{u-

Alaeyai joocecglu axr{auuai usfrgyhs gmi ugci yhas g{a y{scmn yj ij ~hgy yhas egm yj

halr, kqy ugci Fa{ea{ Ejqmys cu geyqglls cm ehg{na- Avam yhjqnh fgms {auciamyu ~gmy yha

{avglqgycjm jva{yq{mai, yj~muhcr joocecglu ugci yhas hgva mj rj~a{ yj ij uj-

+^a gll qmia{uygmi yha {auqlyu hgva kaam g ra{ujmgl icuguya{ yj g ljy jo rajrla,+ ugci

yj~muhcr Ejffcyyaa~jfgm Lcp Lafra{y- +Yhas hgva gluj kaam rjyamycglls g icuguya{ oj{

yha ejffqmcys-+

Iarqys Fgsj{ Ehgi Nja{ma{ ugci yha yj~muhcr egm halr cmicvciqgl {auciamyu ~j{d ~cyh

yha grr{gcua{ yj gi`quy ogqlys vglqgycjmu, kqy yha yj~muhcr hgu mj langl rj~a{ yj jva{yq{m


32/62

j{ fcycngya yha {auqlyu jo hjfa guuauufamyu- Yha lguy {avglqgycjm ~gu ijma cm 733?, gmi

{agl auygya vglqau hgva n{j~m y{afamijquls ucmea yham-

+^ham sjq uaa yha cfrgey jm yha ejffqmcys cy.u cme{aickls hag{yk{agdcmn,+ Nja{ma{ ugci-

Kqy oj{ fgms {auciamyu, usfrgyhs ~gum.y amjqnh- Yhas ~gmyai geycjm- Ujfa ~gmy yjhc{a g lg~sa{-

+C axraey fj{a o{jf ejffcyyaa fafka{u gmi joocecglu yhgm ~j{iu jo amejq{gnafamy gmi

hag{yk{agd,+ ugci {auciamy @jmgyhgm LaKjaqo- +Sjq maai yj ljjd g{jqmi yhcu {jjf- Yha

{auqlyu maai yj ka cmvglcigyai- Yha {ageycjmu o{jf joocecglu fgda fa glfjuy gmn{ca{ yhgm

nayycmn yha ygx kcll- Sjq maai yj ljkks oj{ qu ~cyh yha grr{gcugl ejfrgms gmi yha ejqmys-

^a maai kayya{ gmu~a{u-+

Ujfa {auciamyu wqauycjmai hj~ macnhkj{hjjiu ~a{a iaocmai oj{ yha {avglqgycjm, ~hcla

jyha{u ~gmyai yj dmj~ hj~ ljy vglqau ~a{a iaya{fcmai gmi ~hs ufglla{ ljyu g{a ~j{yh

fj{a ra{ ge{a yhgm lg{na ljyu- Cm fgms eguau, yha lgmi vglqa hgu glfjuy wqgi{qrlai ucmea

yha lguy {avglqgycjm, gmi fgdau qr gkjqy 82 ra{eamy jo yha yjygl r{jra{ys vglqa- [auciamyu

rjcmyai yj a{{j{u cm cmicvciqgl guuauufamyu gmi r{jra{ys {aej{i eg{iu, ~hceh g{a gvgclgkla

gy yha ygx guuauuj{.u joocea oj{ {avca~-

Yjms Lqmm jo R{cmeayjm Kj{jqnh && ~ha{a yha ugfa oc{f gluj {aeamyls ejfrlayai g

{avglqgycjm && mjyai yhgy ~ham ha {avca~ai hcu {aej{i, cy cmicegyai yhgy ha hgi g 922&

uwqg{a&ojjy, cm&n{jqmi rjjl cm hcu sg{i- +^a ij mjy hgva g rjjl,+ ha ugci- + a ij hgva g

ufgll ocuh rjmi-+ Yha a{{j{ ~gu ej{{aeyai gmi {auqlyai cm g {aiqeycjm cm yha guuauufamy

yhgy ~gu awqcvglamy yj g )7,>22 ygx {aiqeycjm-

Ygx guuauuj{ Magl Umsia{ axrlgcmai hj~ lgmi vglqau g{a iaya{fcmai- Umsia{, ~hj ~j{du

oj{ yha uygya.u Icvcucjm jo Ygxgycjm, ugci ha fquy ojllj~ uygya lg~u {ang{icmn guuauufamyu-

+Qmoj{yqmgyals C egm.y nay afjycjmu cmvjlvai cm guuauucmn,+ ha ugci- +C egm jmls ljjd gy

~hgy cu ujli, gmi ~hgy yha y{amiu g{a, kguai jm uglau-+

Umsia{ r{gcuai yha grr{gcugl ejfrgms, Grr{gcugl Usuyafu, ~hceh ~gu yha lj~auy kciia{

oj{ yha {avglqgycjm, gu {alcgkla, gmi ugci ha cu hgrrs yhas ici yha {avglqgycjm- Yhas gmi

Umsia{ iaucnmgyai macnhkj{hjjiu oj{ yha {avglqgycjm kguai jm pjmcmn gmi hjqucmn uyjed,

ha ugci, gmi g ecycpam {avglqgycjm ejffcyyaa {avca~ai yha {auqlyu- Ha ugci ha egm fjmcyj{

uglau gmi gi`quy macnhkj{hjjiu gmmqglls co maaiai-

[aglyj{ @cf Oc{auyjma hgu kaam faaycmn ~cyh g n{j~cmn mqfka{ jo {auciamyu yj ljjd gy

cmicvciqgl cuuqau gmi a{{j{u, ~hceh ~cll ka k{jqnhy yj yha guuauuj{ yj ljjd gy- ^hgy uyg{yai

gu g fjva yj halr yha ^cyha{urjjm @gedujm macnhkj{hjji hgu n{j~m cmyj g ejffqmcys

n{jqr, ~cyh fj{a yhgm ;72 rajrla ucnmcmn qr yj ka jm yha fgclcmn lcuy Fjmigs mcnhy-

^hcla ujfa {auciamyu ugci yha {avglqgycjm uhjuqli ka ijma jva{, jyha{u ugci r{jra{ys ygx


33/62

lg~u cm yha uygya maai yj ka {aoj{fai- Gmi jyha{u e{cycecpai fqmcecrgl uramicmn, ~cyh jma

ugscmn, +Jq{ ygx {gyau g{a {ciceqljqu-+


34/62

Igya0 ;272*2>*52

Ygx kcll gmxcays cm R{cmeayjm Kj{jqnh

Gu g {auqly jo yha {aeamy kj{jqnh~cia r{jra{ys {avglqgycjm, ujfa rajrla ~cll uaa

lg{na cme{aguau cm yhac{ ygx kcllu, ~hcla jyha{u ~cll uaa ucpgkla iae{aguau-


R[CMEAYJM KJ[JQNH & ^ham kj{jqnh r{jra{ys j~ma{u {aeacva yhac{ ;272 ygx kcllu

cm yha ejfcmn ~aadu, g oa~ uq{r{cuau ~cll ka yqedai cm yha amvaljrau-

Gu g {auqly jo yha {aeamy kj{jqnh~cia r{jra{ys {avglqgycjm, ujfa rajrla ~cll uaa lg{na

cme{aguau cm yhac{ ygx kcllu, ~hcla jyha{u ~cll uaa ucpgkla iae{aguau-

^hgy gll ~cll {aeacva, cm giicycjm yj g layya{ axrlgcmcmn hj~ yha kcll cu uy{qeyq{ai, cu g ejrs

jo gm g{ycela gkjqy yha iakgya ~hayha{ R{cmeayjm Qmcva{ucys uhjqli rgs yha kj{jqnh fj{a

cm lcaq jo ygxau, gljmn ~cyh g ma~urgra{ aicyj{cgl yhgy egllu jm yha uehjjl yj rgs fj{a-

K{gecmn oj{ g rjyamycgl kgedlguh o{jf {auciamyu ucfclg{ yj ~hgy yj~muhcr joocecglu

axra{cameai cm {aeamy ~aadu goya{ yhac{ ygx kcllu ~a{a fgclai jqy, kj{jqnh ejqmecl fafka{u

uramy yha ami jo yha ejqmecl faaycmn yhcu ~aad icuequucmn ~hgy uhjqli nj cmyj yha

kj{jqnh.u ygx kcll fgclcmn-

Ejqmeclfgm Davcm ^cldau ugci ha gmi yha {auy jo yha ejqmecl gn{aai cy ~jqli ka njji yjcmelqia ejrcau jo g {aeamy Kljjfka{n Ma~u g{ycela yhgy mjyau hj~ lcyyla ~aglyhs R{cmeayjm

Qmcva{ucys ejmy{ckqyau yj yha kj{jqnh ejfrg{ai yj ~hgy cy ~jqli rgs co cyu r{jra{ys

~a{a oqlls ygxai- Yha g{ycela gluj rjmia{u ~hayha{ yha uehjjl cu fj{a lcda g +haina oqmi+

yhgy ijau aiqegycjm jm yha ucia, gu jrrjuai yj g iaicegyai aiqegycjmgl cmuycyqycjm-

Yha aicyj{cgl yj ka cmelqiai cu g @qls 7> rcaea o{jf Yha Uyg{&Laina{ yhgy egllu jm yha

uehjjl yj ejmy{ckqya fj{a yj cyu hjfayj~m-

^cldau ugci kjyh yha g{ycela gmi aicyj{cgl g{a ra{ycmamy yj yha kj{jqnh.u ygx iclaffg-

Kj{jqnh Gifcmcuy{gyj{ [jka{y K{quehc ugci yha kj{jqnh cu uaadcmn ra{fcuucjm yj {ar{cmy

yha aicyj{cgl gmi g{ycela oj{ cmelqucjm cm yha fgclcmn-

Lguy sag{ yha qmcva{ucys, ~hceh hgu gm amij~famy jo gkjqy )7;-? kcllcjm, ejmy{ckqyai

{jqnhls )7;-5 fcllcjm cm ygxau, oaau gmi vjlqmyg{s rgsfamyu yj R{cmeayjm&g{ag yj~mu gmi

yj Fa{ea{ Ejqmys- Yha qmcva{ucys rgsu gkjqy )7-; fcllcjm cm vjlqmyg{s rgsfamyu yj yha

kj{jqnh gmmqglls, kqy yha gn{aafamy yj ij uj ejfau yj gm ami maxy sag{- Joocecglu fay


35/62

~cyh qmcva{ucys {ar{auamygycvau cm yha ur{cmn yj y{s yj manjycgya g hcnha{ gfjqmy, kqy

mjyhcmn hgu kaam {aujlvai say-

Joocecglu gluj gn{aai g layya{ ~gu maaiai yj axrlgcm hj~ yha ygx kcllu g{a uy{qeyq{ai-

Rgsfamyu oj{ yha oc{uy y~j wqg{ya{u jo yha sag{ g{a kguai jm ;223 {gyau, yha{aoj{a gms

cme{agua oj{ ;272 cu ljgiai cmyj yha uaejmi y~j wqg{ya{u- Yhgy fagmu {auciamyu ~hj ug~uqkuygmycgl cme{aguau ~cll ka rgscmn yha amyc{a cme{agua jva{ `quy y~j wqg{ya{u-

+Ujfa rajrla ~cll ka nayycmn g lg{na {aiqeycjm, yhjqnh,+ ugci Ejqmeclfgm Igvci Njliog{k,

egqycjmcmn yhgy yha ~j{icmn jo yha layya{ uhjqli ka ehjuam eg{aoqlls-

Fgsj{ Fcli{ai Y{jyfgm ~gu udarycegl yhgy yha axy{g cyafu, uqeh gu yha aicyj{cgl gmi yha

g{ycela, ~jqli hgva fqeh aooaey jm rajrla.u {ageycjmu ~ham yhas uaa yhac{ kcllu- +C ijm.y

yhcmd cy ~cll fgda yhgy fqeh jo g icooa{amea, C {aglls ijm.y,+ uha ugci-

Kqy ^cldau gmi jyha{ ejqmecl fafka{u ~hj jm Fjmigs gyyamiai g faaycmn gkjqy yha

{avglqgycjm icugn{aai- Fj{a yhgm ;22 {auciamyu o{jf kjyh R{cmeayjmu yq{mai jqy yj

gii{auu yhac{ ejmea{mu gmi vamy yhac{ gmna{-

+Sjq ejqli uaa yha uyceda{ uhjed cm rajrla.u asau,+ ^cldau ugci-

Yha kj{jqnh ~cll uami yha ygx kcllu jqy cm yha ejfcmn ~aadu- Yha ejqmecl vjyai yj axyami

yha iagilcma oj{ rgscmn yha ygx kcllu qmycl Uary- 7, kaegqua kcllu ~cll mjy nj jqy jm ycfa-

Joocecglu ugci yha {agujm oj{ yha ~gcy ~gu yhgy yha uygya ialgsai ea{ycoscmn fqmcecrgl ygx

lavcau-

Gu g {auqly jo yha {avglqgycjm, hjfaj~ma{u ~cyh fj{a axramucva hjfau ~cll, jm gva{gna,uaa yhac{ ygxau nj ij~m cm kjyh yha kj{jqnh gmi yha yj~muhcr, ~hcla j~ma{u jo fj{a

fjiauy hjfau ~cll uaa yhac{ ygxau nj qr- Ujfa {auciamyu g{a uaacmn yhac{ ygxau ijqkla-

^hgy uyg{yai gu g ufgll n{jqr jo {auciamyu ejmea{mai gkjqy yha aooaeyu jo yha {avglqgycjm

jm yha @jhm ^cyha{urjjm macnhkj{hjji hgu n{j~m yj g fjvafamy jo fj{a yhgm ;12

{auciamyu ~hj wqauycjm ujfa {auqlyu gmi ~gmy fj{a cmoj{fgycjm gkjqy yha fayhjijljns

quai yj iaya{fcma guuauufamyu- Yha n{jqr egllu cyualo R{cmeayjm Ogc{ Ygx-

[aglyj{ @cf Oc{auyjma, ~hj lcvau cm yha kj{jqnh, gudai yha kj{jqnh ejqmecl yhcu ~aad yj

uehaiqla ycfa gy g oqyq{a faaycmn oj{ yha n{jqr yj axr{auu ejmea{mu yj joocecglu-

Oc{auyjma gluj gudai yhgy yha kj{jqnh `jcm ~cyh yj~muhcr joocecglu cm gudcmn yha grr{gcugl

ejfrgms yhgy ejmiqeyai yha {avglqgycjm yj ejfa kged gmi iaue{cka yha {avglqgycjm

fayhjijljns yj yha rqklce-

+^a g{a gudcmn sjq yj uygmi qr yj yha va{s rajrla sjq hc{ai gmi axraey yhac{ halr,+

Oc{auyjma ugci- +^a gud sjq yj halr sjq{ ejmuycyqames halr yhafualvau-+


36/62

Yj~muhcr ejffcyyaa fafka{u hgva ~{cyyam yj yha {avglqgycjm oc{f, Grr{gcugl Usuyafu,

gudcmn oj{ g rqklce oj{qf- Yha layya{, uamy sauya{igs, ~gu gluj ucnmai ks kj{jqnh joocecglu-

+Yha cfrgey jo jq{ {aeamy {avglqgycjm hgu kaam g ra{ujmgl icuguya{ oj{ fgms,+ yha layya{

{agiu- +Cy gluj yh{agyamu yj ehgmna yha ogea jo jq{ yj~m ks {crrcmn yh{jqnh macnhkj{hjjiu

jo fjiauyls r{ceai hjfau gmi yq{mcmn yhaf qmgooj{igkla yj ljmnycfa {auciamyu jva{mcnhy-+

+Grr{gcugl Usuyafu cu mjy {aurjmuckla oj{ fg{day oj{eau, gmi ~a qmia{uygmi sjq{ `jk cu

yj vglqa r{jra{ycau kguai ujlals jm eq{{amy hjqucmn r{ceau,+ yha layya{ {agiu- +Kqy ncvam

yha i{gfgyce uhcoyu cm hjfa vglqau, fgms {auciamyu hgva gudai oj{ g yhj{jqnh axrlgmgycjm

jo hj~ sjq egleqlgyai yha ma~ r{jra{ys guuauufamyu- Cy cu cfra{gycva yhgy jq{

ejffqmcys qmia{uygmiu yha fayhjijljns quai-+


37/62

Igya0 ;272*28*2?

Joocecgl0 Hjfa vglqau fgyeh fg{day

Ygx guuauuj{ iaoamiu {aeamy {avglqgycjmu cm yha R{cmeayjmu


R[CMEAYJM YJ^MUHCR & Yha R{cmeayjm ygx guuauuj{ hgu cuuqai g rqklce layya{

iaoamicmn yha ejmy{jva{ucgl kj{jqnh gmi yj~muhcr r{jra{ys {avglqgycjm, ugscmn {aeamy

uglau jo hjfau cm yha yj~muhcr uqnnauy yhgy yha guuauufamyu ~a{a eljua yj fg{day vglqa-

Fgms {auciamyu jo yha R{cmeayjmu hgva kgldai gy yha ma~ guuauufamyu jm yhac{ hjfau

~hceh cm ujfa eguau ~cll lagi yj uyaar ygx cme{aguau yhgy yhas yhcmd g{a qm`quycocai-

Cm hcu layya{, ygx guuauuj{ Magl Umsia{ gluj mjyai yhgy yj~muhcr ygx guuauufamyu ~a{a 79

sag{u jqy jo igya kaoj{a yha {avglqgycjm gmi yhgy fgms vglqgycjm y{amiu iq{cmn yhgy ycfa

g{a yha egqua jo yha va{s icooa{amy ma~ guuauufamyu-

+Yha njgl jo g {avglqgycjm cu yj auygklcuh awqcygkla r{jra{ys vglqau oj{ ygx guuauufamy

rq{rjuau yhgy g{a {aolaeycva jo eq{{amy fg{day vglqau,+ Umsia{ ugci- +[avglqgycjmu joyam

{auqly cm g uhcoy jo yha ygx kq{iam gfjmn {auciamycgl macnhkj{hjjiu gmi kay~aam {auciamycgl

gmi ejffa{ecgl r{jra{ycau-+

Kqy {auciamyu e{cycegl jo yha {avglqgycjm uycll ~gmy fj{a cmoj{fgycjm jm hj~ yha

{avglqgycjm ~gu ejmiqeyai-

R{jra{ys j~ma{u jo fj{a axramucva hjfau cm yha y~j R{cmeayjmu ~cll, jm gva{gna, uaa

yhac{ ygxau iae{agua gu g {auqly jo yha {avglqgycjm, ~hcla j~ma{u jo fj{a fjiauy hjfau

~cll uaa g ygx cme{agua, geej{icmn yj g Ycfau gmglsucu- Yhcu uhcoy gmi yha guuauufamy ocnq{au

hgva gmna{ai ujfa {auciamyu, gmi fgms wqauycjm yha geeq{ges jo yha {auqlyu- Fj{a yhgm

;22 rajrla yq{mai jqy oj{ g ejffqmcys faaycmn jm yha cuuqa lguy fjmyh-

Yha layya{ o{jf Umsia{ ~gu icuy{ckqyai yj {arj{ya{u ^aimauigs ks yha yj~muhcr

gifcmcuy{gycjm- Ucmea yha lguy {avglqgycjm cm 733?, Umsia{ ugci, yha {agl auygya fg{day hgu

axra{cameai ucnmcocegmy ehgmnau-

+Yha{a hgva kaam ra{cjiu jo ucnmcocegmy grr{aecgycjm jo fg{day vglqau gmi, fj{a {aeamyls,

ujfa ejmy{geycjm cm fg{day vglqau iqa yj yha {aeauucjm,+ ha ugci- +[auciamycgl g{agu ~cyhcm

yha R{cmeayjmu hgva kaam uqk`aeyai yj g vg{cays jo vglqgycjm y{amiu-+


38/62

Yha {avglqgycjm jo r{jra{ys cm yha R{cmeayjmu ~gu j{ia{ai ks yha Fa{ea{ Ejqmys Kjg{i

jo Ygxgycjm gmi grr{jvai ks yha uygya oj{ cfrlafamygycjm cm ;272, Umsia{ ugci- Yha

ejqmys ygx kjg{i cuuqai yha {avglqgycjm j{ia{, ha ugci, kaegqua guuauufamyu cm yha

R{cmeayjmu ~a{a jqy jo igya gmi mjmejmoj{fcmn-

Glyhjqnh yha {avglqgycjmu hgva urg{dai gm qr{jg{, Umsia{ ugci yha mqfka{ jo grragluoclai ks hjfaj~ma{u g{a mjy fj{a mqfa{jqu yhgm quqgl-

Jmls gkjqy 1 ra{eamy jo {auciamycgl r{jra{ys j~ma{u cm yha y~j R{cmeayjmu oclai grraglu

ehgllamncmn yhac{ guuauufamyu, Umsia{, ugci, giicmn yhgy yha ra{eamygna cu mj{fgl goya{ g

{avglqgycjm-

Geej{icmn yj igyg r{jvciai ks yha ejqmys ygx gifcmcuy{gyj{.u joocea sauya{igs, cm yha

yj~muhcr, 553 {auciamycgl r{jra{ys j~ma{u oclai grraglu, gmi cm yha kj{jqnh 71;

ehgllamnai yhac{ guuauufamyu, j{ gkjqy > ra{eamy jo {auciamycgl r{jra{ys j~ma{u cm ageh jo

yha fqmcecrglcycau-Yha kauy fagmu jo ngqncmn yha ogc{mauu jo g {avglqgycjm, Umsia{ ugci, cuks ejfrg{cmn guuauufamyu yj {aeamy fg{day uglau-

G fg{day gmglsucu oj{ yha kj{jqnh gmi yj~muhcr o{jf Jeyjka{ yj @qls, ha ugci, uhj~u

yhgy yha {avglqgycjm ~gu ijma ogc{ls- Umsia{ ugci yha mqfka{u uj og{ +r{auamy g rjucycva

gmi awqcygkla {avglqgycjm r{jn{gf-+

Oj{ yha kj{jqnh, Umsia{ ugci 98 uglau yjjd rlgea o{jf Jey- 7 yj @qls ;- ^ham yha

guuauuai vglqau gmi uglau g{a ageh gva{gnai, yha {gycj jo guuauufamyu yj uglau cu 39->1

ra{eamy-

Oj{ yha yj~muhcr, Umsia{ ugci 72; {auciamycgl uglau yjjd rlgea cm yha ugfa ra{cji, gmi yha{gycj jo guuauufamyu yj uglau cu 3?-37 ra{eamy-

G Ycfau {avca~ jo yha yj~muhcr uglau igyg uhj~u yhgy ocva jo yha 72; hjquau ujli oj{

r{ceau 72 yj 78 ra{eamy lj~a{ yhgm yhas ~a{a guuauuai- Gmjyha{ ;7 ujli oj{ 7 yj 72

ra{eamy lauu yhgm yhac{ guuauufamyu-

Uavamyaam hjfau ujli ~cyhcm 7 ra{eamy jo yhac{ guuauuai vglqa, 58 hjfau ujli oj{ 7 yj 72

ra{eamy fj{a yhgm yhac{ guuauuai vglqa, gmi ;7 hjfau ujli oj{ 72 yj 11 ra{eamy fj{a yhgm

yhac{ guuauuai vglqau-

[agl auygya gnamy @cf Oc{auyjma jo yha ma~ {auciamy n{jqr R{cmeayjm Ogc{ Ygx ugci Umsia{.u

layya{ gmi ~hgy ha egllai yha lcfcyai uygycuyceu yhgy geejfrgms cy ijm.y ejmvcmea hcf yhgy

yha {avglqgycjm cu geeq{gya-

+Cy r{ayamiu yj ka gm jk`aeycva uygycuycegl uyqis yj yauy yha vglcicys jo {aavglqgycjm ks

ejfrg{cmn uqkuawqamy uglau igyg yj yhac{ guuauufamyu yj uhj~ qmcoj{fcys,+ Oc{auyjma

ugci-


39/62

Oc{auyjma ugci ejfrg{cmn yha jva{gll gva{gna jo guuauufamyu yj yha gva{gna jo uglau cu

fagmcmnlauu- Yha cmicvciqgl ocnq{au maai yj ka ljjdai gy eg{aoqlls, rg{yceqlg{ls oj{ yha

hjquau yhgy ujli oj{ fqeh lauu j{ fqeh fj{a yhgm yhas ~a{a guuauuai oj{, ha ugci-

Oc{auyjma gluj ejmyamiu yhgy oj{ hjquau yhgy ~a{a jm yha fg{day iq{cmn yha {avglqgycjm,

yha grr{gcugl ejfrgms dma~ yhac{ lcuycmn r{ceau, gmi yhqu yhas quai yhgy igyg cmiaya{fcmcmn guuauufamyu oj{ yhjua r{jra{ycau-

Ha ugci cy cu yha{aoj{a mjy uq{r{cucmn yhgy yha guuauufamyu ~jqli ka eljua yj yha geyqgl ugla

r{ceau-

Oc{auyjma ugci {auciamyu uhjqli rquh oj{ fj{a cmoj{fgycjm- Hcu n{jqr uycll rlgmu yj hjuy g

uaejmi ejffqmcys faaycmn yj icuequu yha {avglqgycjm jm Gqn- 3 gy >052 gy yha yj~muhcr

fqmcecrgl kqclicmn-

+Gu ecycpamu ~a maai yj uaa yha ~j{d kahcmi yha guuauufamy yj uaa ~hgy cu ~{jmn, gmi ~a

maai jq{ rjlcycecgmu yj rq{uqa yha grr{gcugl ejfrgms yj nay yha fgya{cglu- Cy uhjqli ka

jram rqklce {aej{i,+ ha ugci-

+Cy cu cmuamucycva yhgy ~ham g ~hjla ogfcls j{ g ~hjla elguu g{a kacmn rquhai jqy jo yj~m,

~a ~jqli yhcmd yj `quycos cy ~cyh g uygycuycegl uyqis jo ej{{aeymauu, {gyha{ yhgm axgfcmcmn

~ha{a yha grr{gcugl fayhji ~gu fcugrrlcai-+


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Igya0 ;272*28*77

Oj{ R{cmeayjm ygxrgsa{u, g rgcm&uyj{fcmn uauucjm


R[CMEAYJM YJ^MUHCR & Rhguai&cm ygx cme{aguau- Lj~a{ cmya{auy {gyau jm ialcmwqamy

ygxau- Avam g r{cvgya oqmi yj halr rajrla rgs ygxau-

Yhaua g{a gfjmn yha ciagu alaeyai joocecglu jo yha y~j R{cmeayjmu g{a ejmucia{cmn yj halr

{auciamyu nay jva{ yha hqfr e{agyai ks yha {aeamy r{jra{ys {avglqgycjm, ~hceh cu egqucmn

uhg{r r{jra{ys ygx cme{aguau oj{ fgms hjfaj~ma{u-

Kqy fgms {auciamyu yhcmd yhjua ciagu g{a mjy amjqnh- Yha kcnna{ cuuqa, yhas ugci, cu

~hayha{ yha {avglqgycjm ~gu ijma ej{{aeyls- Gkjqy ;22 {auciamyu && >1 o{jf yha kj{jqnh &

& rgedai g uygmicmn&{jjf&jmls faaycmn Fjmigs mcnhy yj icuequu yha {avglqgycjm gmi ~hgy

uhjqli ka ijma- +Cy.u g hjy mcnhy cm R{cmeayjm gmi yha yafra{gyq{a cu {cucmn,+ yj~muhcr

{auciamy Yjf Rsla yjli yha e{j~i- +Uj g{a yha ygxau gmi uj cu yha kljji r{auuq{a jo g ljy

jo ojldu-+

Ljegl joocecglu yjli {auciamyu yhgy cm lcnhy jo yha {aeamy r{jra{ys {avglqgycjm, yhas g{a

{aejffamicmn yhgy cmya{auy {gyau jm ialcmwqamy ygxau ka {aiqeai- Yhas g{a gluj ljjdcmn

cmyj ~hayha{ g r{cvgyals oqmiai guucuygmea r{jn{gf ejqli ka uay qr yj halr rajrla ~hj

egm.y gooj{i yhac{ ygxau-

Yj~muhcr Ejffcyyaa~jfgm Lcp Lafra{y yjli yha e{j~i yhgy g oa~ joocecglu fay ~cyh

uygya Uam- Uhc{las Yq{ma{, I&Fa{ea{, gmi Guuafklsfgm [aai Nquecj{g, I& R{cmeayjm, lguy

~aad yj uaa co yha R{cmeayjmu ejqli rhgua cm yha ygx cme{agua qmia{ g uygya {avglqgycjm

{alcao gey- Kqy yha gey {awqc{au yhgy g yj~m j{ g{ag ka iaelg{ai klcnhyai j{ cm maai jo

{ahgkclcygycjm j{ {aiavaljrfamy-

Joocecglu g{a {auag{ehcmn ~hayha{ cy ~jqli ka rjuuckla yj gfami yha lgmnqgna cm yha gey gmi

~hayha{ g {avcuai lg~ ejqli halr yhjua ogecmn yha kcnnauy ygx cme{aguau- Yha r{jklaf,

Lafra{y ugci, cu yhgy ava{sjma hgu yj ka y{agyai awqglls- Co ujfa rajrla.u ygxau g{a rhguai

cm, yha jyha{ ygxrgsa{u ~jqli hgva yj rgs yha icooa{amea-

+Ujfahj~ co ~a ejqli uay qr g r{cvgya oqmi yhgy egm guucuy rajrla ~cyh yha rhgua&cm, yham

~a ~jqlim.y ka hgfra{ai ks yha uygya ejmuycyqycjm,+ Lafra{y ugci- +Yha wqauycjm cu ~hj

~jqli uyar qr yj {qm cy: Cy ~jqli ka g kcn `jk-+

Oj{fa{ yj~muhcr fgsj{ @cf Oljsi, yha fjia{gyj{ jo yha oj{qf hali Fjmigs ks yha

ejffqmcys n{jqr R{cmeayjm Ogc{ Ygx, ugci uqrrj{y oj{ g rhgua&cm cfrlcau yhgy joocecglu g{a


41/62

ocma ~cyh yha {avglqgycjm r{jeauu- +G{a sjq cmiaai amij{ucmn yha r{jeauu j{ ugscmn yhgy

yha r{jeauu ~gu r{jra{ gmi sjq geeary cy:+ ha ugci- +Sau j{ mj:+

Lafra{y gmi Yj~muhcr Ejffcyyaafgm Lgmea Lcva{fgm haucygyai- Yhas ejqli mjy gmu~a{

sau j{ mj-

+Yha{a cu mj agus gmu~a{,+ Lcva{fgm ugci-

+^a g{a ~j{dcmn jm yhcu jm fqlycrla o{jmyu,+ Lafra{y ugci-

+Ujfa jo qu g{a va{s hag{yk{jdam,+ Lcva{fgm ugci- +^a oaal yha ugfa rgcm sjq oaal- C

yhcmd jma yhcmn sjq maai yj qmia{uygmi cu yhgy ~a ~a{a fgmigyai ks yha ejqmys ygx kjg{i

yj hgva yha {avglqgycjm ijma- Yhcu cu ~gs jva{ jq{ hagiu cm uj fgms g{agu, gmi

ejmuycyqycjm&~cua, ~a egm jmls ij uj fqeh-+

Lcva{fgm gmi Lafra{y, kjyh Iafje{gyu, ogea y~j [arqklcegm ehgllamna{u cm yha

Mjvafka{ alaeycjm-

Jma jo yha NJR egmicigyau, Ijqn Fclau, ~gu hcnhls e{cycegl jo yha {avglqgycjm r{jeauu-

+Cy cu gudcmn g kcy fqeh yj geeary axequau oj{ ~hs yhcu {aglls ej{{qry, qmavam, olg~ai

r{jeauu hgu kaam gkla yj jeeq{,+ Fclau ugci, giicmn yhgy joocecglu uhjqli ka geejqmygkla yj

yha rqklce-

[auciamyu wqauycjmai ~hs jmls yh{aa jo yha ijpam alaeyai joocecglu cm yha kj{jqnh gmi

yj~muhcr gyyamiai yha faaycmn- Kj{jqnh Ejqmeclfgm Davcm cldau ugy wqcayls cm yha kged

{j~-

Yha ngyha{cmn ~gu uj rgedai yhgy rajrla ~hj ici mjy nay uagyu ugy jm yha oljj{, uyjji

g{jqmi yha {jjf, j{ ~gyehai g ucfqleguy jo yha glfjuy yh{aa&hjq{ icuequucjm o{jf gmjyha{

{jjf-

Rsla, yha yj~muhcr {auciamy, ugci ha iaeciai yj nay cmvjlvai goya{ ljjdcmn gy yha

{avglqgycjm {auqlyu cm hcu macnhkj{hjji- Lcda fgms jyha{u, ha oag{u yhgy rajrla ~hj egm.y

gooj{i hcnha{ ygxau gu g {auqly jo yha {avglqgycjm ~cll ka oj{eai yj fjva-

+Yha vg{cgkclcys cm guuauufamyu cu {gyha{ uyqmmcmn,+ Rsla ugci- +C ijm.y qmia{uygmi ~hgy cu

hgrramcmn gmi C ~gmy yj {auag{eh cy yj qmia{uygmi ~hgy cu i{cvcmn yha guuauufamyu- Kqyyha fj{a C hag{ gmi yha fj{a C oag{ yha {cud yhcu cfrjuau jm yha R{cmeayjm ejffqmcys, yha

lauu rgycamy C gf gmi yha fj{a C oaal ~a uhjqli `quy yh{j~ yha ~hjla yhcmn jqy-+

Uygyafamyu lcda Rsla.u ~a{a n{aayai ~cyh grrlgqua, ehaa{u gmi +gfamu+ o{jf yha gqicamea-

Ujfa {auciamyu wqauycjmai ~hayha{ yhas ejqli uall yhac{ hjfau oj{ yha guuauuai vglqau-


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Fgms ugs yhas ~gmy yha {avglqgycjm r{jeauu iafsuycocai- Yj~muhcr {auciamy Ugf

Hgfji ugci ha yhcmdu yha jmls ~gs yj nay {auqlyu cu langl geycjm-

+Co ~a ~gcy qmycl ~a axhgquy jq{ualvau ~cyh {auag{eh, ~a ~cll ka vceycfcpai,+ Hgfji ugci-

Co ~a jmls ij {auag{eh, cy cu mjy njcmn yj ka amjqnh- ^a maai yj yhcmd gkjqy langl geycjm

mj~- +

Igya0 ;272*28*71

Cm R{cmeayjm Y~r-, g ygxcmn {agl cys

[auciamyu wqauycjm {avglqgycjm fayhjijljns


R[CMEAYJM YJ^MUHCR & Oj{ ujfa ygxrgsa{u, yha lcyyla y~j&eg{ ng{gna jm yha

qmia{ucpai ljy cu usfkjlce jo ~hgy yhas oaal cu ~{jmn ~cyh yha {aeamy R{cmeayjm r{jra{ys

{avglqgycjm-

Yha ~hcya ng{gna, jm Kc{eh Gvamqa cm yha @jhm ^cyha{urjjm macnhkj{hjji, ucyu gy yha yjr

jo g uhj{y i{cva~gs, y~j eg{u rg{dai cm o{jmy co cy- Yha ng{gna cum.y quai gu g ng{gna, kqy gu

g hjqua, gmi g eljua{ ljjd {avaglu eq{ygcmai ~cmij~u, alaey{cecys gmi rlqfkcmn-

Yha j~ma{ jo yha ng{gna&yq{mai&i~allcmn, Eg{l K{j~m, lcvau cm g lg{na y~j&uyj{s hjquamaxy yj yha ng{gna- Cm rguy sag{u, ha rgci fjiauy ygxau jm yha ng{gna hcu ujm mj~ lcvau cm &&

kqy mj fj{a-

Lcda jyha{ {auciamyu cm yha y~j R{cmeayjmu, K{j~m ~gu fj{a yhgm g lcyyla uhjedai ~ham ha

{aeacvai hcu {aeamy ygx kcll-

Oj{ ;272, ha ~cll rgs )1,7;1 cm ygxau oj{ yha ng{gna, j{ )5,?52 fj{a yhgm ha rgci lguy

sag{- Ejfkcmai ~cyh yha ygxau ha j~au jm hcu hjqua, ~hceh cu vglqai gy )5;9,222 goya{ g

ejqmys ygx grragl, K{j~m ~cll rgs g yjygl jo )77,927 cm ygxau oj{ yha hjqua gmi ng{gna-

+C ijm.y dmj~ ~hgy C.f njcmn yj ij, C nqauu C.f njcmn yj hgva yj eqy kged jm fs agycmn,+

K{j~m, >5, `jdai gu ha hali qr hcu {aeacry oj{ hcu yhc{i&wqg{ya{ ygxau-

Yha 2-2>&ge{a ljy yha ng{gna ucyu jm cu vglqai gy );7>,122- Yha ng{gna cyualo cu vglqai gy

)9>,722, oj{ g yjygl vglqa jo );?9,?22 oj{ yha ljy gmi ng{gna ejfkcmai- Yha vglqa jo yha

ljy geejqmyu oj{ 8; ra{eamy jo yha ejfkcmai vglqa jo yha ljy gmi ng{gna-


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Yha ng{gna r{jra{ys cu jma axgfrla jo hj~ lgmi vglqau g{a i{cvcmn yha ma~ guuauufamyu-

R{avcjquls ejfr{cucmn {jqnhls 51 ra{eamy jo yha yjygl {auciamycgl r{jra{ys vglqa, lgmi

vglqau mj~ geejqmy oj{, jm gva{gna, gkjqy ?5 ra{eamy jo g {auciamycgl r{jra{ys vglqa cm yha

kj{jqnh gmi 13 ra{eamy cm yha yj~muhcr, geej{icmn yj gm gmglsucu jo r{jra{ys {aej{iu ks

Yha Ycfau-

^hgy ejmea{mu {auciamyu cu hj~ yhaua lgmi vglqau ~a{a iaya{fcmai-

Fgms {auciamyu kalcava yha usuyaf cu uda~ai gngcmuy ufglla{ hjquau jm ufglla{ ljyu

ge{juu yj~m, cm macnhkj{hjjiu o{jf {ceh yj fjiauy, ~cyh ufglla{ ljyu kacmn ~j{yh fqeh

fj{a jm g ra{&ge{a kgucu-

Kqy Fa{ea{ Ejqmys Ygx Gifcmcuy{gyj{ Fg{ycm Nqhl ugci lgmi vglqau egm.y ka ejfrg{ai

jm g ra{&ge{a kgucu-

^hgy fgyya{u, ha ugci, cu ucya vglqa, ~hceh ha iaue{ckai gu yha lgmi.u qyclcys, j{ +yha gkclcys

yj rqy g hjqua jm cy-+

Cm g yj~m lcda R{cmeayjm, ~ha{a yha{a

Revaluation Stories by Krystal Knapp, Dec-Sept2010

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Transcript of Revaluation Stories by Krystal Knapp, Dec-Sept2010