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Creation Week

Do you remember what God created on which day? Here are some pictures toremind you of the order of creation.

Find the days on the chart where God created the air,sea, and land animals.

On which day did He create humans?

All life on earth was created within this one week.

Did you know that this means that humans and dinosaurs lived at the same time ?!!.

Day 1

Day 4

Day 7

God

Rested

Day 5 Day 6

Day 2 Day 3

Return to Iwo Jima - Part I

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Evidence for Man's co-existencewith Dinosaurs in History

Have you ever heard stories about dragons? Do you think that dragons could haveactually been dinosaurs?

The word dinosaur whichmeans 'terrible reptile' in Latin,wasn't invented until 1842 byan Englishman named SirRichard Owen, but the word"dragon" or its equivalent hasbeen used in many cultures forhundreds of years.

The Chinese have a word "kong long" which means terrible dragon. They do nothave the word dinosaur. The Chinese were using this word years before peopledug up a dinosaur bone. So when we read really old stories about dragons it ispossible that 'dragon' may have been the old originalword for what we now call dinosaurs.

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This is the Welsh flag with adragon on it.

Oseberg Viking ShipA bras-wood plate excavated in 1904 in Oseberg, Norway.Ship believed to be from around 800 AD.

China is very well knownfor its use of dragons inits culture.

Ancient legends about dragons, and man's encounters with them, are found allaround the world, and dragon images have been found on the Ishtar Gate ofBabylon, in Egyptian hieroglyphs and Ethiopian sketches, on the fronts of Vikingships, on Aztec temples, on cliffs above the Mississippi River, and on bones carvedby Inuits, a tribe of Native peoples in Alaska.

This may be evidence that humans and dinosaurs did live together at one time.

This dragon is veryartistic and stylized butis similar to the Welshflag that we saw before.

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Behemoth

"Behold now behemoth, which I made with thee; he eateth grass as an ox. Lo now, hisstrength is in his loins, and his force is in the navel of his belly. He moveth his tail likea cedar: the sinews of his stones are wrapped together. His bones are as strong piecesof brass; his bones are like bars of iron. He is the chief of the ways of God: he thatmade him can make his sword to approach unto him. Surely the mountains bring himforth food, where all the beasts of the field play. He lieth under the shady trees, in thecovert of the reed, and fens. The shady trees cover him with their shadow; the willowsof the brook compass him about. Behold, he drinketh up a river, and hasteth not: hetrusteth that he can draw up Jordan into his mouth. He taketh it with his eyes: hisnose pierceth through snares." Job 40:15-24

The word 'dragon' in Hebrew is "tannim" and is used over 20 times in the OldTestament.

In Job, we are given two very detaileddescriptions of dinosaur-like creatures:Behemoth and Leviathan.

Now go back and circle all the words in this paragraph that describe Behemoth,like "strength" and "tail." What type of animal does this sound like to you?

Dragons and the Bible

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Leviathan

"Canst thou draw out leviathan with an hook? or his tongue with a cord which thoulettest down? Canst thou put an hook into his nose? or bore his jaw through with athorn? Who can open the doors of his face? his teeth are terrible round about. Hisscales are his pride, shut up together as with a close seal. One is so near to another,that no air can come between them. They are joined one to another, they stick togeth-er, that they cannot be sundered. By his neesings a light doth shine, and his eyes arelike the eyelids of the morning. Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fireleap out. Out of his nostrils goeth smoke, as out of a seething pot or caldron. Hisbreath kindleth coals, and a flame goeth out of his mouth. In his neck remainethstrength, and sorrow is turned into joy before him. The flakes of his flesh are joinedtogether: they are firm in themselves; they cannot be moved. His heart is as firm as astone; yea, as hard as a piece of the nether millstone. When he raiseth up himself, themighty are afraid: by reason of breakings they purify themselves. The sword of himthat layeth at him cannot hold: the spear, the dart, nor the habergeon. He esteemethiron as straw, and brass as rotten wood. The arrow cannot make him flee: slingstonesare turned with him into stubble. Darts are counted as stubble: he laugheth at theshaking of a spear. Sharp stones are under him: he spreadeth sharp pointed thingsupon the mire. He maketh the deep to boil like a pot: he maketh the sea like a pot ofointment." Job 41:1-2. 14-31

"So is this great and wide sea, wherein are things creeping innumerable, both smalland great beasts. There go the ships: there is that leviathan, whom thou hast made toplay therein." Psalm 104:25-26

What images do these descriptions bring to mind? Below, draw a picture of whatyou think Leviathan looked like.

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Natural Bridges Monument in Utah.Under one of the rock bridges in this statepark there is a drawing that appears to be adinosaur, that is thought to be made by theAnasazi Indians. They lived between 400A.D. to 1,300 A.D.

Hava supai Canyon in Arizona.There is a picture of an animal standing onits hind legs that resembles a dinosaur.

Figurines from Acambaro, Mexico. In 1944,over 33,000 ceramic figures were foundand many look like dinosaurs.

PetroglyphsPetroglyphs are drawings or carvings made on rocks made by people living a longtime ago.

Evidence of Humans and DinosaursLiving at the Same Time

San Rafael Reef in Utah. In Black Dragon Canyon there is a largecarving of what resembles a Pterosaur-a fly-ing reptile. About 200 miles away from thecanyon, fossil tracks have been found thatmay have been made by a Pterosaur.

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So Where Did They Go?

As you have read, there is quite a lot of evidence in history that dragons may actuallybe dinosaurs and that they lived at the same time as humans. Because dinosaurswere created on day 6 as we talked about earlier, we know that they most likelywere also on Noah's ark during the flood. However, many dinosaurs were killed inthe flood or went extinct during climate changes after that. This may be why wenow find only their bones. However, those bones can tell us a lot!

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Dinosaur Graveyards

Dinosaur fossils have been found all over the world, many of them in what areknown as dinosaur graveyards.

Dinosaur graveyards got their name because there are many fossilized animalsburied in the same place. Unlike human graveyards, that are orderly and neat,dinosaur graveyards are a jumbled mess. There are no headstones telling you whoor what they were and when the animal died. If there were then we would have noproblem determining how old a fossil was! But we are not so fortunate.

In England on the Isle of Wight, scientists have discovered a dinosaur graveyardwith fossils of a Baryonyx, Iguanadon, Brachiosaur, Eotyrannus, Polacanthus, andmore.

How do you think that a bunch of animals could become buried in the same placewithout being put there by a person?

A. They were all in atrain accident.

C. A large flood drowned themand carried their bodies there.

B. They ate too muchbubble gum.

Geological Evidence for Dinosaurs

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Fossil Preparation Process

Dinosaur Forensics

Finding fossils and putting them back together correctly is likeexamining the evidence of a crime scene. A dinosaur expertmust prepare the fossil very carefully if he wants as complete apicture of what happened as possible. Below is an example ofthe process scientists often use to extract and preserve fossils.

The first thing that has to be done is to stabilizethe specimen. When the fossil dries tiny cracksdevelop, so really thin glue is carefully put inthe cracks so that the fossil does not breakapart. Sometimes it is brought back to the labin a plaster wrap similar to the one you willmake at the end of this chapter.

Secondly, the fossil is uncovered with pneumatichammers. These are tiny jackhammers that chipaway the rock from the fossil. They have to bevery careful not to touch the fossil with thehammer or they could break it so this is doneunder a microscope.

Next, there is still a thin layer that coversthe fossil so a microsandblaster is used tocomplete the cleaning. A microsandblasteris another tiny tool that blows abrasivepowder on the fossil to clean it off.

Finally, the rock that the fossil is imbedded in iscleaned up. The chisel marks are smoothed outto make the specimen look good.

Now that the fossil parts are prepared, they canbe put together and studied.

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English Dinosaur

In 1990 in England on the Isle of Wight, Steve Hutt discovered aBrachiosaur-like dinosaur. However, after the fossils wereprepared and put back together, it was determined that partsof it were missing, including the dinosaur's head, neck, tail,and back legs. It was also evident from the original sediment that surrounded it that it had once been submerged in water.

Based on the evidence, two very different conclusions were reached by two differ-ent groups: the evolutionists and the creationists.

1. The dinosaur was killed by atorrential flood.

2. During that violent upheaval,various pieces of its bodybecame separated from eachother.

3. Those pieces were then buriedin a jumbled mess in the sedi-ment left behind by the water.

Problems with the evolutionist's explanation:

1. There is no evidence that the animal was attacked by another dinosaur.2. The sediment that surrounded the dinosaur indicates that it was left by large

amounts of water, not by a stagnate swamp.3. If it had died in a swamp, it should have decayed and rotted away, not fossilized.

Interpreting the Results

1. It was missing its head, neck, tail,and legs because it had beenattacked and killed by anotheranimal.

2. What was left of it then sunk tothe bottom of a swamp.

3. It was then gradually covered bysediment for millions of years asit fossilized.

The evolutionists decided that: The creationists determined that:

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So who cares about dragons, petroglyphs, figurines, firebreathing Leviathan, and fossil graveyards?

Creation scientists would say that the evidence we have talked about indicates thatthe dragon legends around the world may actually be talking about dinosaurs,indicating that dinosaurs and humans lived at the same time. We find dinosaur"artwork" around the world that seems to confirm this idea. Also fossil graveyardsare evidence for a world wide flood–the flood of the Bible!

Evolutionary scientists would say that dragons are mythicalcreatures that did not really exist so they couldn't have beendinosaurs. They would also say that dinosaurs and humans

lived millions of years apart so they could not have lived at the same time.

Making Your Own Fossil Cast

Plaster of ParisBucketMixing stickWater

MudToothbrushTiny pickSmall paintbrush

Materials:

Procedure:Find, or make a thick muddy pool in your garden. The mud should be thick likeclay. Make an imprint of your footprint, handprint, a fern press, or a pet print in themud. Leave it to dry. Follow the directions on the plaster package for mixing in thebucket. Poor the plaster into the imprint that you made and leave it to set or harden.Return to carefully lift up the plaster cast. You may need to use a stick or dull knifeto cut around the outside of the plaster to lift it out. Turn it over and inspect yourcast. Use a toothbrush, old dentist tool, and small brush to clean off your cast. Bevery careful not to damage the imprint with your cleaning techniques!

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If you've ever gotten a whiff of sulfur, it's a smellyou're not likely to soon forget! It has a very strongodor that resembles the smell of a spoiled egg.

Eeeewwww what is that smell?It smells like rotten eggs!

The words "Iwo" and "Jima" are Japanese for "sulfur"and "island" or "Sulfur Island." Because Iwo Jima

is a volcanic island and is still an activevolcano, sulfur gas is constantly

leaking out of hot vents onthe island's surface, givingthe air a sulfer smell...hence it's name!

The island of Iwo Jima,located in the Pacific Ocean, is part of the Ogasawara

Islands south of Japan and was a Japanese baseduring WWII where a famous battle was fought

and many people lost their lives. The island isof great historic interest as well as

scientific interest.

Return to Iwo Jima - Part II

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There are several types of volcanoes around the world:

Types of Volcanoes

Cinder cones-simplest volcanoformed from particles and blobsof lava ejected from the craterfrom a central vent.

Shield volcanoes- are builtof fluid lava flows such as thosein Hawaii.

Lava domes-built by thickbulbous masses of lava such asthe center of Mount St. Helen's.

Composite volcanoes- arebuilt of alternating layers of lavaflows, volcanic ash, cinders, blocks,and bombs. Mount St. Helen's andMount Fuji in Japan are two examples.

A caldera is a volcanic feature, a depression, formed by the collapse of the vol-cano into itself. A very well known caldera is Crater Lake in Oregon which used becalled Mount Mazama.

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Because of magma flowing into an under-ground pool about a mile and a halfbelow the caldera floor, the island is actu-ally being lifted up, and has been growingan average of about 7 inches per year formore than 400 years. Since the Marinesraised the flag on Mt. Suribachi, the domehas raised about 33 feet.

Iwo Jima is a present-day example of volcanic activity. Creation scientists studyvolcanoes to answer questions like, "Where did such colossal amounts of watercome from?" and "What were the 'Fountains of the great deep' that we read aboutin Genesis 7:11?" The more they explore, the more interesting evidence they find,particularly on the ocean's floor. Let's look at some of the unique features foundon the bottom of the ocean!

Volcanoes and the Flood

There are two main domes on theisland.

Iwo Jima is inside a caldera that is about 9 km wide. In the last 100 years it hashad several small eruptions.

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Explorers have found extraordinary features on the ocean floor, including blacksmokers, volcanic vents, and underwater calderas.

A black smoker is a chimney-like structure on the bottom of the ocean wherevery hot water, chemicals and gasses spew out. The chimney structure is madefrom sulfur coming from under the earth's crust that has hardened onto the vol-canic rocks. They are called black smokersbecause the hot mineral water mixes with thecold ocean water and tiny particles form thatmake the vent water look black.

On the Southern Ural mountains of Russia, sci-entists have found actual fossils of ancient blacksmoker chimneys. They have also found fossilsof the animals that lived around the vents whichare the same as those in present day vent communities.

Exploring the Ocean Floor

Around these black smokers have accumulated wonderful creatures that you donot find anywhere else, such as huge tube worms, crabs, and giant clams. Thecreatures have adapted to the hot temperatures of the water and use the chemicalsthat come out of the smoker to live. Black smokers may be left over "fountains ofthe great deep" that helped to flood the earth in Noah's flood.

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Volcanic vents, found onthe ocean floor, spew veryhot water, near 350 degreesCelsius, into the ocean. Thehot water comes up fromopenings in the crust of theearth.

An underwater caldera is similar to the Iwo Jima caldera but it is on the oceanfloor. They are also called submarine calderas and were formed by a huge volcaniceruption on the ocean floor. Underwater calderas were recently discovered within the last 20 years, and many of those are off the coast of Japan in the PacificOcean. There is one named Myojin Knoll Caldera, 4000ft. below the surface and itis 4 miles across, the same size as Crater Lake! In 1996 they discovered a hugeore deposit of gold, silver, and other minerals inside this caldera that may beworth over a billion dollars. The eruptions that created these giant calderas mayhave been a source of large amounts of water.

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When Mount St. Helen's erupted, 90% of that eruption was water.

When hot magma came in contact with the cold ocean water, it would have madesuper-heated steam clouds that would release mass amounts of water into theatmosphere. This steam would make more water available to flood the earth.

Large composite volcanoes (near water level) when they erupt, often fall inwardon themselves and suck water into itself causing huge tsunamis. In 1883, a vol-cano, Krakatoa, erupted in Indonesia. It's collapse created a tidal wave that killed36,000 people.

As you carefully read Genesis 7:11, you will notice that this may not have been theonly source of water.

Volcanoes exploding on the ocean floor may have provided water to help flood theearth during Noah's flood. Volcanoes not only release hot magma but also water.

Have you always thought that all the water from Noah's flood fellas rain from the sky?

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Procedure:Place 1/2 cup of vinegar in the bottle and set aside for later. Put about a tablespoon of baking soda onto the center of a small piece of plastic wrap. The plasticwrap should be about 3 square inches. Grab the four corners of the wrap andloosely twist together. Quickly push the wrap and its contents into the bottle andreplace the cork. Place the bottle into a position slanted up with a board so thatyou think it will hit the target. Stand back and wait for the cork to be spewed forthinto the air. Adjust the distance between the bottle and the target so that you canmake the mark. Try this as many times as you would like.

Bottle with a skinnyneck and a cork

VinegarBaking sodaTub

Materials:

WaterProtective gogglesPlastic wrapTargetBoard

Fill a bucket with water. Make sure that the water level is able to cover the bottleand cork when it is placed in the bucket, about one inch or more. Follow thesame procedure as above for placing the baking soda into the bottle. You mayneed to first put in some fresh vinegar in the bottle. Quickly place the soda intothe bottle, cork, and place the bottle into the bucket of water. Stand back and waitto see what happens. As with most experiments you may need to tinker with thematerials to get the desired results, such as gently shaking the bottle to mix thesoda and vinegar. The baking soda in the vinegar when corked should build uppressure and then eventually explode out of the bottle shooting the cork into theair. Adjust the amount of soda and vinegar to change the results.

Spewing Forth Experiment

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Fossil Conditions

The flood and volcanoes provide the conditions for fossils to be made.Silica mixed with hot water is the perfect solution for making great fossils. Thesetwo things would be present during volcanic eruptions.

Rock Layers

The Precambrian Cardenas Basalt rock layer that is found in the Grand Canyonappears to be volcanic rock that may have been laid down during a huge waterevent.

Layers of volcanic rocks, water and silica, and lots of fossils are evidence that vol-canoes may have been erupting during the flood.

Evidence for Volcanic Activity During the Flood on Dry Land:

The Chinle formation found atGhost Ranch is a volcanic layerwhere thousands of dinosaur fossilsare found. There are many ofthese layers through out the earth.

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(3) The conditions forlayers of rocks and fos-sil formation are perfectduring volcanic activityand the presence of lotsof water.

(2) Hot water comesfrom the earth's crustunder the ocean throughblack smokers, volcanicvents, and past volcanoesexploding, forming sub-marine calderas.

(1) Iwo Jima is anexample of a caldera thatis formed when a com-posite volcano explodesunder or near the sur-face of water.

Psalm 104:32 - He looketh on the earth, and it trembleth: he toucheth the hills, andthey smoke.

Psalm 97:5 - The hills melted like wax at the presence of the LORD, at the presence ofthe Lord of the whole earth.

God is Powerful

Creation is often used in the Bible to describe God's might and power, showing usthat He is in control of our natural world, sustaining all things, and upholding allthings. It draws us to have reverence and awe for His power, wisdom, and character.

What is all this in a nut shell?

In this episode, we learned that

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Iwo Jima is part of the Ogasawara Islands, south of Japan. A unique beauty and varietyof animal life is found here, both on land and in the surrounding Pacific Ocean.

One of these is the Humpback Whale. The humpback whale is one of the mostwell known whales in the Pacific Ocean and is frequently seen in the waters nearIwo Jima.

Humpback whales are active whales that like to jump out of the water (this iscalled breaching), splash with their tail fluke, and sing.

Their favorite foods are a type of shrimp called krill and smallschooling fish, and they have a very unique way of "fishing" called"bubble netting." Several whales dive underneath a school of fishand then swim up while blowing out bubbles around thefish. This bubble net causes the fish to gather togetherinto one large group. Then the whales swim into theschool and gulp down fish.

Return to Iwo Jima - Part III

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Migration

Migration means to travel from one location to another. People sometimes migratefrom cold areas in the winter to warm areas. Whales do the same. They migratefrom the cold waters that have lots of food in the summer to the warm waters inthe wintertime. This trip happens every year and is about 6,000 miles-worth ofswimming!

The whales that stay for the winter in the OgasawaraIslands migrate back to the Aleutian Islands of Alaska.

Why do you think that a whale would want to migrate toone of the three places mentioned for the winter months?(For the same reason that many people like to go toFlorida and Arizona for the winter). It's warmer!

Every year they migrate to one of three wintering grounds.

Mexico, Hawaii and Ogasawara Islands

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Guesses for direction they migrate:

Scientists think that the whale's inner ears may be involved.In 2000, whales whose inner ears believed to be damaged became beachedpossibly because they lost their direction.

Even though scientists do not know how whales know when and where to migrate,it is a part of the design of this amazing animal. They have been created with abilitiesthat humans cannot figure out, but that are needed for them to be able to survive.

Whales may have the ability to detectthe Earth's magnetic fields and thusbe able to know where to go.

Guesses for when they migrate:

Length of dayschange fromsummer towinter

Inner clock thatsignals the timeto migrate

Whales may use sounds whichbounce off the shorelines to knowwhere they are located.

Less foodavailable inthe winter

Cooler watertemperature inthe winter

Scientists do not know for sure how the whales know where and when to migrate,but they have a few ideas:

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Olfactory Organ(smell)

A sharks nostril can detect the smell ofblood one part per million from 1mile away,or roughly the equivalent of 10 drops in anaverage-size pool full of water!

Crazy FactThe sand tiger shark is one of the only sharks that changes its buoyancy (its abilityto float) by "burping." It gulps air and saves it in its stomach and lets out air whenit comes to the surface.

Eyesight

Special reflective pigment in the back of the eye that acts likea mirror to reflect light so that they can see in very dim light.It is the same reflection that you see in a cat's eye when lightshines on them at night.

Sand Tiger Sharks, also found in thewaters off the island of Iwo Jima,are another example of designfound in animals. They have specialabilities that make them very wellsuited for life in the ocean.

Sand Tiger Sharks

Design Features:

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Hearing

They can hear from a couple of miles away. They areattracted to low frequencies such as the low frequenciesthat an injured or dieing fish would make.

Lateral Line

Lateral line is a series of fluid filled grooves on the sidesof the fish. These canals help the fish to feel vibrations,movement, sound, and pressure changes in the water.

Ampullae of Lorenzini

This fancy name is for special cells that are located at thebase of the sharks snout, lower jaw, and around the eyes.They detect the electric fields that other fish give off.

As we have just read, God has given both the Humpback Whale and the Sand TigerShark incredibly unique mechanisms that help them to survive, and instincts thateven scientists cannot explain! It's almost as if they're following an internal codethat is telling them what to do–or are they?

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RNA and the Navajo Code TalkersIn 1942 a missionary's son named Philip Johnston persuaded themilitary that the Navajo language would form a great basis foran unbreakable code. The Japanese were known to beamazing code breakers and had broken all the codes thatthe military had used. The US Marines ended up with 400Navajo code talkers that transmitted important battleinformation over the telephone and radio.

The CodeThis is how it worked. For each letter of our alphabet the 'code talker' wouldsay a Navajo word that would translate into an English word that began with theletter they wanted to pass on. So a 'b' could be represented by several Navajowords like those for 'bug', 'bow', or 'buffalo'.

A Code in Science and History

What could theseletters represent?They stand fordeoxyribonucleic

acid. It carries your genetic code. Yourgenes determine many things about you such as hair color,height, and whether or not you will have freckles.

A T C G are the abbreviations for the chemicals that make up the proteins whichmake your hair brown or eyes green. The order and number of the chemicals inthe code are de-coded or translated by your cells with another molecule calledRNA.

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This code was so good because the Navajo language was spokenby very few people outside the Navajo themselves and was anunwritten language. With the help of the code talkers the battle ofIwo Jima was won.

RNA is like the Navajo code talkers; without RNA your body would not knowthe meaning of the code.

The code is like a foreign language, such as Navajo, and is notunderstood unless it is learned or interpreted. Information like that in a codealways comes form a source.

Think about a sewing pattern like one for a mitten.

This pattern gives you the information for making mittens. Andthe thread holds it all together. DNA is like the thread inthe mitten. It holds the code for all life and holdseverything together. The thread of DNA is found in allliving organisms. It is also unique in every organism.No two DNA codes are the same. That's why even twinsaren't exactly the same. They may look alike, but theyeach have a different set of DNA that makes themdifferent in other ways. Each code or pattern is differentbecause each organism is unique.

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Here is a code. Can you decipher its meaning?

7 15 4 9 19 3 18 5 1 20 15 18

God is Creator. Each letter of the alphabet is given a number beginning with A being1 and so on.

Answer:

Make your own secret code message and give it to someone to see if they cande-code it.

What we have been talking about here are cases for design.

Conclusion: The Case for Design

Inside our case we can find what we know:

Information must come from somewhere.Information has been only found to come

from intelligence.

DNA is complex information in a code and makesunique organisms.

If all information must come from somewhere, and that somewhere must be anintelligent source, a source intelligent enough to create incredibly complex DNAcodes that are unique to each and every living thing that exists, has ever existed,or will exist, that fits better with the Creation account of Genesis than with randomevolution, don't you think?

Secret Code Game

HINTSEach group of underlined represent one word. This code is a three-wordsentence.

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Animal Scramble

Instructions:Make a copy and cut out each square of the animal scramble and putthe pieces back together in a way that makes a picture of an animal.You will be able to figure out what the picture of the animal is when it iscorrectly assembled.

Start off with a scrambled picture and put it together.