Results of World War IIResults of World War II

Part I- Predicting HistoryPart I- Predicting History

So, What does your crystal ball show?

Establishment of two superpowers in:Establishment of two superpowers in:the United States and the USSRthe United States and the USSR

USUS came out better off at the end of came out better off at the end of the warthe war War production helped overcome the War production helped overcome the

Great DepressionGreat Depression New advances in science, ex. Atomic New advances in science, ex. Atomic

bombbomb USSRUSSR came out as great power came out as great power

despite the lose of over 20 million & despite the lose of over 20 million & soon would develop atomic bombssoon would develop atomic bombs

Defendants At Nuremberg Defendants At Nuremberg TrialsTrials

Nuremberg TrialsNuremberg Trials Perpetrators of Nazi Holocaust & war Perpetrators of Nazi Holocaust & war

crimes would be tried & punishedcrimes would be tried & punished War Crimes Tribunal, Nuremberg, War Crimes Tribunal, Nuremberg,

GermanyGermany – 22 Nazi leaders charged with – 22 Nazi leaders charged with crimes against humanity – 12 sentenced crimes against humanity – 12 sentenced to death & later more were triedto death & later more were tried

Tokyo TrialsTokyo Trials – Gen. MacArthur brought – Gen. MacArthur brought 25 Japanese leaders to trial for crimes 25 Japanese leaders to trial for crimes against Chinese – 7 sentenced to death against Chinese – 7 sentenced to death & 16 to life in prison& 16 to life in prison

Wartime meeting b/t the Big 3 – Churchill, Wartime meeting b/t the Big 3 – Churchill, Stalin & FDRStalin & FDR

Stalin agreed to hold free elections & to Stalin agreed to hold free elections & to declare war on Japan declare war on Japan

agreed to divide defeated Germany into agreed to divide defeated Germany into occupation zonesoccupation zones

Occupied by 4 victorious nations; US, Britain, Occupied by 4 victorious nations; US, Britain, France & USSRFrance & USSR

US to occupy JapanUS to occupy Japan

Potsdam Conference - July 1945 -Truman replaces Roosevelt-Stalin refuses to keep promise of free

elections

Yalta Conference - February Yalta Conference - February 19451945

How did the Allies promote How did the Allies promote reconstruction of the defeated reconstruction of the defeated

powers?powers?

Democratic government installed Democratic government installed in West Germany and West Berlinin West Germany and West Berlin

Germany and Berlin divided among Germany and Berlin divided among the four Allied powers (US, France, the four Allied powers (US, France, Britain & Russia)Britain & Russia)

Emergence of West Germany as Emergence of West Germany as economic power in postwar Europeeconomic power in postwar Europe

recovered quickly & are today recovered quickly & are today industrial powersindustrial powers

Japan after WWII

Efforts for reconstruction of Japan

U.S. occupation of Japan under U.S. occupation of Japan under MacArthur’s administrationMacArthur’s administration

Democracy and economic Democracy and economic developmentdevelopment

Elimination of Japanese offensive Elimination of Japanese offensive military capabilities military capabilities (disarmament); United States’ (disarmament); United States’ guarantee of Japan’s securityguarantee of Japan’s security

Emergence of Japan as dominant Emergence of Japan as dominant economy in Asiaeconomy in Asia

The Iron CurtainThe Iron CurtainMarch 5,1946March 5,1946

Winston Churchill delivers his “Iron Curtain” speech at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri.

The US responded with the Truman Doctrine.

The Curtain Iron Speech The Curtain Iron Speech (Excerpt)(Excerpt)

““From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow” (Churchill, control from Moscow” (Churchill, 19461946). ).

Winston Churchill gave this speech at Westminster College, in Fulton, MissouriWinston Churchill gave this speech at Westminster College, in Fulton, Missouri on March 5, 1946on March 5, 1946

The Truman DoctrineThe Truman Doctrine

Background:Background: British economic British economic support to the governments of support to the governments of Greece and Turkey in Greece and Turkey in 19471947

National Liberation Front (Greece)National Liberation Front (Greece) Soviet pressure over the Dardanelle Soviet pressure over the Dardanelle

StraitsStraits India & Iran (Communism)India & Iran (Communism) U.S. role U.S. role

The Truman DoctrineThe Truman DoctrineU.S. President Harry Truman U.S. President Harry Truman

asks:asks: Military and economic aid Military and economic aid

($400 million)($400 million) Support free peoples who Support free peoples who

resist subjugation by armed resist subjugation by armed force or third-party force or third-party pressurespressures

Policy lasts for 40 yearsPolicy lasts for 40 years Cold War BeginsCold War Begins U.S. ends pattern of U.S. ends pattern of

IsolationismIsolationism

Dardanelle StraitsDardanelle StraitsA narrow strait in northwestern Turkey, 38 miles (61 km) long, A narrow strait in northwestern Turkey, 38 miles (61 km) long,

linking the Aegean Sea with the Sea of Marmara. It is ¾ to 4 linking the Aegean Sea with the Sea of Marmara. It is ¾ to 4 miles wide and lies between the peninsula of Gallipoli in Europe miles wide and lies between the peninsula of Gallipoli in Europe (northwest) and the mainland of Asia Minor (southeast) (northwest) and the mainland of Asia Minor (southeast)

The Berlin Airlift

““Iron Curtain”Iron Curtain”

United NationsUnited Nations

International peace International peace keeping organizationkeeping organization

1945 - 50 nations 1945 - 50 nations signed UN Chartersigned UN Charter

Strongest part = Strongest part = Security Council = Security Council = US, Britain, Soviet US, Britain, Soviet Union, France & Union, France & ChinaChina

humanitarian workhumanitarian work Has almost 200 Has almost 200

membersmembers

Assignment 1Assignment 1Click on the following link: Click on the following link:

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/churchill-iron.htmlhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/churchill-iron.html

Print the excerpted speech, read it, and be Print the excerpted speech, read it, and be prepared to discuss it tomorrow. prepared to discuss it tomorrow.

Focus on the following:Focus on the following: Role of the United StatesRole of the United States Churchill’s comments and view of what lies Churchill’s comments and view of what lies

behind the Iron Curtainbehind the Iron Curtain References about the English languageReferences about the English language Remarks about religion and politicsRemarks about religion and politics Churchill’s comments about Russia’s wants and Churchill’s comments about Russia’s wants and

desiresdesires Churchill’s emphasis on the United NationsChurchill’s emphasis on the United Nations

Assignment 2Assignment 2 Follow the link: Follow the link:

http://www.trumanlibrary.org/teacher/doctrine.htm#ohhttp://www.trumanlibrary.org/teacher/doctrine.htm#oh and and answer the questions on a separate answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper. Answers are due on...sheet of paper. Answers are due on...

Follow the link: Follow the link: http://www.trumanlibrary.org/teacher/doctrine.htm#speechhttp://www.trumanlibrary.org/teacher/doctrine.htm#speech and answer questions 1-7. Answers are and answer questions 1-7. Answers are due on…due on…